Bearing ring machining lathe

Abstract

This invention discloses a lathe for machining bearing rings, belonging to the field of machine tool technology. It mainly includes a bed, a headstock, a spindle, and auxiliary mechanisms. A push-type collet system is installed at the front end of the spindle, including a collet chuck. The auxiliary mechanisms include an outer cylinder, a push-pull rod, multiple support claws, and a push block. The outer cylinder passes through the interior of the spindle, and the push-pull rod is inserted into the outer cylinder. The push-pull rod can slide and extend relative to the outer cylinder along the axial direction of the spindle. Multiple support claws are movably connected to the end of the push-pull rod near the collet. The push block slides and engages with the outer cylinder along the axial direction of the spindle, and the push block is aligned with the inner end face of the bearing ring held and positioned by the collet. The support claws have slots, and the push block has a locking core that extends and extends radially along the spindle. This bearing ring machining lathe improves the consistency of part machining and enables automatic unloading.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machine tool technology, and more specifically to a lathe for machining bearing rings. Background Technology

[0002] Robot bearings are key components for industrial robots, mainly used in robotic arm joints, rotating units, and precision turntables. Their performance directly affects the robot's operational stability, repeatability, and reliability. The main types include crossed roller bearings, thin-walled bearings, harmonic reducer bearings, and joint bearings. Among them, crossed roller bearings have become the mainstream because they can simultaneously withstand radial and axial loads and overturning moments.

[0003] In existing technologies, lathes used for turning bearing races generally employ a pull-back collet system because the races can be automatically unloaded by extending the collet forward along the spindle axis. In contrast, with a push-forward collet system, the collet is fixed in the spindle axis, so the races remain stationary when clamping or releasing them, making automatic unloading impossible. However, the push-forward collet system offers higher clamping accuracy due to its precise positioning along the spindle axis, which is more conducive to the consistency of machined parts and improves the precision and efficiency of robotic bearing machining.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new type of lathe for machining bearing rings. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the aforementioned problems in the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a bearing ring machining lathe that can improve the consistency of part machining and achieve automatic unloading.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A lathe for machining bearing rings is provided, comprising a bed, a headstock mounted on the bed, a spindle mounted on the headstock, and an auxiliary mechanism. The spindle has a hollow structure, and a push-type collet system is installed at the front end of the spindle. The push-type collet system includes a chuck. The auxiliary mechanism includes an outer cylinder, a push-pull rod, multiple support jaws, and a push block. The outer cylinder passes through the interior of the spindle, and the push-pull rod is inserted into the outer cylinder. The push-pull rod can slide telescopically relative to the outer cylinder along the axial direction of the spindle. The multiple support jaws are movably connected to the push-pull rod near the collet. At one end of the head, the push block is slidably connected to the outer cylinder along the axial direction of the main shaft, and the push block is positioned opposite to the inner end face of the collar clamped on the chuck. The support claw is provided with a slot, and the push block is provided with a lock core that extends and retracts along the radial direction of the main shaft. When the lock core extends and engages with the slot, the push block is axially limited to the support claw. When the push-pull rod extends close to the chuck to the first position, the support claw slides along the axial direction of the main shaft and drives the push block to push the collar out of the chuck. When the push-pull rod extends close to the chuck to the second position, multiple support claws are inserted into the inner hole of the collar, and multiple support claws open to support the inner hole of the collar.

[0007] Furthermore, the outer wall of the support claw is provided with an outer inclined surface. When the support claw is closed, the longitudinal profile of the outer inclined surface is inclined at an acute angle relative to the axis of the push-pull rod. A retaining rib protruding from the outer peripheral wall of the support claw is installed on the support claw near the hinge end of the support claw.

[0008] Furthermore, the auxiliary mechanism also includes a gathering tube and an elastic element one. The gathering tube is slidably sleeved on the outside of the push-pull rod along the axial direction. A limiting ring is protruding from the outside of the gathering tube. A limiting shoulder is provided on the inner side wall of the outer cylinder near the clamp. The limiting shoulder and the limiting ring are arranged opposite to each other. The elastic element one elastically abuts between the gathering tube and the outer cylinder. The elastic element one applies an elastic force to the gathering tube to drive it to slide closer to the clamp. When the push-pull rod is pulled back to its original position, the elastic element one is squeezed and retracted. The end of the gathering tube near the clamp abuts against the side of the retaining rib away from the clamp, and the support claw is at least partially inserted into the gathering tube.

[0009] Furthermore, the push block slides axially along the main shaft onto the outer cylinder. An elastic element two is provided between the push block and the outer cylinder, which applies a force to the push block to retract away from the chuck. An elastic element three is provided between the lock cylinder and the push block, which applies a force to the lock cylinder to slide closer to the main shaft axis. When the push-pull rod is pulled back to its position, the lock cylinder approaches and locks into the slot on the support claw. When the push block is extended to its position, the lock cylinder resists the elastic force of the elastic element three and retracts away from the support claw until the lock cylinder disengages from the slot.

[0010] Furthermore, an externally rotating elastic element is installed between the support claw and the push-pull rod, and the externally rotating elastic element applies an elastic force to the support claw to drive the support claw to swing and unfold.

[0011] Furthermore, when the push-pull rod is pulled back to its original position, the front end of the push block protrudes beyond the front end of the support claw.

[0012] Furthermore, the bearing ring processing lathe also includes a loading and unloading mechanism, with a feeding track above the spindle and a receiving track below the spindle. The loading and unloading mechanism includes a swing arm and a transfer box connected to the swing arm. The swing arm is oscillatingly connected to the axle box. The transfer box has a storage compartment 1 and a storage compartment 2 arranged at intervals and parallel to each other. The storage compartment 1 and storage compartment 2 extend along the axial direction of the spindle. The center lines of the storage compartment 1 and storage compartment 2 are both located on the swing path of the swing arm, and the center line of the spindle is located on the swing path of the swing arm.

[0013] Furthermore, the receiving compartment one / receiving compartment two is located on the side of the transfer box near the feeding track / receiving track. The transfer box has an annular limiting protrusion on the bottom wall of the receiving compartment one / receiving compartment two. The feeding track has a groove one, and a notch is provided at one end of the feeding track near the main shaft, penetrating the opposite side walls of the groove one. A push head is provided on the side of the feeding track away from the transfer box. The receiving track has a groove two. When the transfer box rotates to the side near the receiving track, the receiving compartment two is located on the side of the receiving track and above the groove two.

[0014] Furthermore, the swing arm is connected to the axle box via a planetary gear structure. The loading and unloading mechanism also includes a gear carrier, a planetary carrier, a gear ring, and a central gear shaft. The gear carrier is fixedly connected to the axle box. The planetary carrier is located at the swing fulcrum of the swing arm and is rotatably engaged with the gear carrier. Multiple planetary gears are provided on the planetary carrier. The gear ring is fixedly installed on the gear carrier, and the planetary gears mesh with the gear ring. The central gear shaft is rotatably connected to the gear carrier and meshes with multiple planetary gears. A drive motor for power transmission between the gear carrier and the central gear shaft is also installed on the gear carrier.

[0015] Furthermore, a push-pull sleeve is inserted inside the main shaft, and the push-pull sleeve slides along the axial direction of the main shaft. The push-pull sleeve is also located outside the chuck. A swivel ring is fitted at the tail end of the push-pull sleeve. A shift fork is provided on the shaft box. The middle part of the shift fork is rotatably connected to the shaft box through a shift fork hinge. One end of the shift fork is connected to a shift fork driver, and the other end of the shift fork is connected to the swivel ring.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The bearing ring machining lathe provided by this invention includes a bed, a headstock mounted on the bed, a spindle mounted on the headstock, and an auxiliary mechanism. The spindle has a hollow structure, and a push-type collet system is installed at the front end of the spindle. The auxiliary mechanism includes an outer cylinder, a push-pull rod, multiple support claws, and a push block. The outer cylinder passes through the interior of the spindle, and the push-pull rod is inserted into the outer cylinder. The push-pull rod can slide and extend relative to the outer cylinder along the axial direction of the spindle. Multiple support claws are movably connected to the end of the push-pull rod near the collet. The push block slides and engages with the outer cylinder along the axial direction of the spindle, and the push block is aligned with the inner end face of the bearing ring held and positioned by the collet. The support claws are provided with slots, and the push block is provided with a locking core that extends and extends radially along the spindle. When the locking core extends and engages with the slot, the push block is axially limited to the support claw. When the push-pull rod extends to the first position near the collet, the support claw slides along the axial direction of the spindle and drives the push block to push against the support claw. The bearing ring is removed from the chuck; and when the push-pull rod extends to the second position near the chuck, multiple support claws are inserted into the inner hole of the bearing ring, and the multiple support claws open and support the inner hole of the bearing ring. Thus, when the push-pull rod slides back away from the chuck, the support claws drive the bearing ring to move into the chuck to achieve automatic feeding of the bearing ring to be processed. The bearing ring processing lathe provided by the present invention improves the consistency of bearing ring processing by installing a front-push collet system on the spindle, and the push-pull rod extends near the chuck to drive the support claws to push the bearing ring on the chuck axially to achieve automatic unloading. In addition, when the multiple support claws continue to extend to the second position following the push-pull rod, they can open and support the inner hole of the bearing ring. As the push-pull rod slides back away from the chuck, the support claws drive the bearing ring to move into the chuck to achieve automatic feeding. The design of the auxiliary mechanism achieves the dual effect of feeding and unloading, which is conducive to the simplification and optimization of the structure. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the bearing ring machining lathe provided in an embodiment of the present invention when the loading and unloading mechanism is in the first working state.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a front view of a bearing ring machining lathe provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 For along Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along the EE direction.

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of region A in the middle.

[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of region C in the middle.

[0023] Figure 6 for Figure 3 A magnified view of region B in the middle.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a longitudinal sectional view of the auxiliary mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 An exploded view of the auxiliary mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the loading and unloading mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a front view of the loading and unloading mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 11 For along Figure 10 Cross-sectional view along the FF direction.

[0029] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the transfer box provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the loading / unloading mechanism and the feeding track when the loading / unloading mechanism is in the first working state according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the loading / unloading mechanism and the main shaft when the loading / unloading mechanism is in the second working state, as provided in the embodiments of the invention.

[0032] Figure 15 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the auxiliary mechanism in another working state in the view.

[0033] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the bearing ring machining lathe provided in an embodiment of the present invention when the loading and unloading mechanism is in the third working state.

[0034] Figure 17 For along Figure 16 Cross-sectional view along the GG direction.

[0035] Figure 18 for Figure 17 A schematic diagram of the auxiliary mechanism in another working state in the view.

[0036] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the loading / unloading mechanism and the receiving track when the loading / unloading mechanism is in the fourth working state, as provided in the embodiments of the invention.

[0037] The reference numerals in the figures are as follows: 100, collar; 101, collar orifice; 1, bed; 2, headstock; 3, spindle; 31, chuck; 32, push-pull sleeve; 321, swivel; 4, auxiliary mechanism; 41, outer cylinder; 411, limiting shoulder; 42, push-pull rod; 43, support claw; 431, outer inclined surface; 432, hinge end; 433, slot; 434, retaining rib; 44, winding tube; 441, limiting ring; 45, elastic element one; 46, outer rotating elastic element; 47, push block; 48, 49, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, ...9, 40, 41, 42, 49, 40, 41, 42, 49, 41, 42, 49, 41, 42, 49, 41, 42, 49, 41, 42, 49, 41, 42, 49, 41, 42, 49, 41, 42, 49, 41, 42, 49, 41, 42, 49, 41, 42, 1. Elastic component 2; 472. Lock cylinder; 473. Elastic component 3; 5. Loading and unloading mechanism; 51. Gear frame; 52. Swing arm; 53. Transfer box; 531. Reception chamber 1; 532. Reception chamber 2; 54. Planetary carrier; 541. Planetary gear; 55. Gear ring; 56. Central wheel shaft; 6. Stator and rotor structure; 7. Shift fork; 71. Shift fork driver; 72. Shift fork hinge; 8. Feeding track; 81. Groove 1; 82. Push head; 83. Notch; 9. Receiving track; 91. Groove 2. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0039] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "connected to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0041] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0042] Throughout this specification, reference to "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," or "in some of these embodiments" appear in various places throughout the specification, and not all refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, a particular feature, structure, or characteristic may be combined in any suitable manner.

[0043] Please refer to Figures 1 to 19 As shown, the bearing ring machining lathe provided by the present invention will now be described. The bearing ring machining lathe includes a bed 1, a headstock 2 mounted on the bed 1, a spindle 3 mounted on the headstock 2, and an auxiliary mechanism 4, as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the main spindle 3 has a hollow structure. A push-type collet system is installed at the front end of the main spindle 3. The push-type collet system includes a chuck 31 for clamping the positioning collar 100. The auxiliary mechanism 4 includes an outer cylinder 41, a push-pull rod 42, multiple support claws 43, and a push block 47. The outer cylinder 41 passes through the interior of the main spindle 3, and the push-pull rod 42 is inserted into the outer cylinder 41. The push-pull rod 42 can slide telescopically relative to the outer cylinder 41 along the axial direction of the main spindle 3. Multiple support claws 43... The support claw 43 is movably connected to the end of the push-pull rod 42 near the chuck 31. The push block 47 is slidably connected to the outer cylinder 41 along the axial direction of the main shaft 3, and the push block 47 is positioned opposite to the inner end face of the collar 100 clamped on the chuck 31. The support claw 43 is provided with a slot 433, and a lock core 472 is provided on the push block 47 radially extending and retracting along the main shaft 3. When the lock core 472 extends and engages with the slot 433, the push block 47 is axially limited to the support claw 43. Figure 15 As shown, when the push-pull rod 42 extends to the first position near the chuck 31, the support claw 43 slides along the axial direction of the main shaft 3 and drives the push block 47 to push the collar 100 out of the chuck 31; Figure 18As shown, when the push-pull rod 42 extends to the second position near the chuck 31, multiple support claws 43 are inserted into the inner hole of the bearing ring 100, and the multiple support claws 43 open and support the bearing ring 100 in the inner hole. Thus, when the push-pull rod 42 slides back away from the chuck 31, the support claws 43 drive the bearing ring 100 to move into the chuck 31 to achieve automatic feeding of the bearing ring 100 to be processed. In summary, the bearing ring processing lathe provided in this embodiment of the invention improves the consistency of bearing ring 100 processing by installing a push-type collet system on the spindle 3, and by pushing... The pull rod 42 extends near the chuck 31, driving the support claw 43 to push the push block 47 to push the collar 100 on the chuck 31 axially, thus achieving automatic unloading. In addition, when the multiple support claws 43 continue to extend to the second position following the push rod 42, they can open and support the collar 100 in the inner hole. As the push rod 42 slides away from the chuck 31 and retracts, the support claws 43 drive the collar 100 to move into the chuck 31 to achieve automatic feeding. The design of the auxiliary mechanism 4 achieves the dual effects of feeding and unloading, which is conducive to the simplification and optimization of the structure.

[0044] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the outer wall of the push-pull rod 42 and the inner wall of the outer cylinder 41 slide in an axial direction to enable the push-pull rod 42 to be stably supported inside the outer cylinder 41 and to perform a stable linear reciprocating motion in an axial direction. The rear end of the push-pull rod 42, i.e. the end of the push-pull rod 42 away from the chuck 31, is connected to a linear driver. The linear driver is used to drive the push-pull rod 42 to perform a linear reciprocating motion. The linear driver can be, but is not limited to, a linear motor, a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, etc.

[0045] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, multiple support claws 43 are arranged in a circular array around the axis of the push-pull rod 42. The support claws 43 are hinged to the push-pull rod 42. The support claws 43 swing around the axis away from the hinge position on the push-pull rod 42, so that the part of the support claw 43 away from the hinge position moves into the outer peripheral area of ​​the support claw 43. Alternatively, the support claws 43 swing around the axis close to the push-pull rod 42 around the hinge position, so that the part of the support claw 43 away from the hinge position moves into the inner peripheral area of ​​the support claw 43. That is, the opening or closing action of multiple support claws 43 is achieved by the swinging of the support claws 43 on the push-pull rod 42. Specifically, the end of the support claw 43 near the push-pull rod 42 is provided with a hinge end 432. The hinge end 432 is rotatably connected to the push-pull rod 42 about a radial direction perpendicular to the push-pull rod 42, so that the support claw 43 is movably connected to the end of the push-pull rod 42 near the clamp 31.

[0046] like Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown, in some embodiments, the outer wall of the support claw 43 is provided with an outer inclined surface 431. When the support claw 43 is closed, the longitudinal profile of the outer inclined surface 431 is inclined at an acute angle relative to the axis of the push-pull rod 42, such as... Figure 18 As shown, when the support claw 43 swings open, the outer inclined surface 431 of the support claw 43 presses against the collar hole 101 of the collar 100. The pushing force applied to the collar hole 101 will have a component force pointing from the front end of the main shaft 3 to the rear end of the main shaft 3. This will push the collar 100 closer to the support claw 43 and make the collar 100 tend to stay on the support claw 43, reducing the probability of the collar 100 accidentally falling off the support claw 43. In addition, a retaining rib 434 protruding from the outer peripheral wall of the support claw 43 is installed on the support claw 43 and near the hinge end 432 of the support claw 43. When the support claws 43 open, the collar 100 will slide along the outer inclined surface 431 towards the retaining rib 434 until the side of the collar 100 closest to the retaining rib 434 abuts against the retaining rib 434, forming an axial limit. This improves the consistency of the collar 100's transfer position with the support claws 43, ensuring that the axial position of the collar 100 is uniquely determined when it moves onto the chuck 31, further guaranteeing excellent machining accuracy. More specifically, in this embodiment, the retaining rib 434 is a ring-shaped structure fitted around the outside of the multiple support claws 43, and the retaining rib 434 can expand or contract radially, such as... Figure 8 As shown, specifically, the baffle 434 has multiple deformation grooves along the radial direction so that the baffle 434 can expand outward or retract inward as it follows the support claw 43. It is understood that in some other embodiments not shown in the figure, the baffle 434 may also be multiple sheet-like structures that are installed on multiple support claws 43 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0047] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, an externally rotating elastic element 46 is installed between the support claw 43 and the push-pull rod 42. The externally rotating elastic element 46 applies an elastic force to the support claw 43, causing the support claw 43 to swing open. Thus, when the support claw 43 moves with the push-pull rod 42 until it loses its closing restraint, the support claw 43 can automatically unfold under the elastic force of the externally rotating elastic element 46; or when the support claw 43 is subjected to an external force that causes it to close, the support claw 43 resists the elastic force of the externally rotating elastic element 46 and rotates to close. Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the outer rotating elastic element 46 is a spring sheet, which is installed on the inner side of the converging tube 44. The elastic force application end of the outer rotating elastic element 46 is connected to the support claw 43 at a position away from the rotation fulcrum of the support claw 43. It can be understood that in some other embodiments not shown in the figure, the outer rotating elastic element 46 can also be a torsion spring structure.

[0048] like Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, in some embodiments, the auxiliary mechanism 4 further includes a gathering tube 44 and an elastic element 45. The gathering tube 44 is slidably sleeved on the outside of the push-pull rod 42 along the axial direction of the push-pull rod 42. A limiting ring 441 protrudes from the outside of the gathering tube 44. A limiting shoulder 411 is provided on the inner wall of the outer cylinder 41 near the clamp 31. The limiting shoulder 411 and the limiting ring 441 are arranged opposite to each other. The elastic element 45 elastically abuts against the gathering tube 44 and the outer cylinder 41, and the elastic element 45 applies an elastic force to the gathering tube 44 to drive the gathering tube 44 to slide closer to the clamp 31. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, when the push-pull rod 42 is pulled back to its position, the elastic element 45 is compressed and retracted. The end of the drawstring tube 44 near the clamp 31 abuts against the side of the stop rib 434 away from the clamp 31, and the support claw 43 is at least partially inserted into the drawstring tube 44. Thus, the support claw 43 is subject to the binding force exerted by the drawstring tube 44 on the outer wall, so that when the push-pull rod 42 is pulled back to its position, the support claw 43 is in a rotated closed state, as shown. Figure 15 As shown, during the extension of the push-pull rod 42, the retractable tube 44, under the elastic force of the elastic element 45, is driven to move and extend along with the push-pull rod 42 and the support claw 43 until the limiting shoulder 411 abuts against the limiting ring 441, thus axially limiting the retractable tube 44. Figure 18 As shown, the push-pull rod 42 and the support claw 43 then continue to move, extending the retractor tube 44 from the support claw 43, causing the support claw 43 to lose its closing restraint and thus unfold under the elastic force of the external rotating elastic element 46; additionally, as Figure 18As shown, when the support claw 43 opens and the push-pull rod 42 pulls back for loading, and the chuck 31 clamps the collar 100 on the support claw 43, the collar orifice 101 of the collar 100 constrains and forces the support claw 43 to close, allowing the support claw 43 to pass through the collar orifice 101. As the support claw 43 continues to retract, the outer cylinder 41 constrains the degree of opening of the support claw 43, and the retaining force generated by the coiling tube 44 on the outside of the support claw 43 causes the support claw 43 to tend to close, and finally at least a portion of the support claw 43 is retracted into the coiling tube 44. In addition, during the process of the support claw 43 retracting to align the collar 100 with the chuck 31, even if there is a resistance between the support claw 43 and the extended coiling tube 44, the elastic modulus of the outer rotating elastic element 46 is designed to be greater than that of the elastic element 46. The elastic modulus of elastic element 45 and the compression of elastic element 45 are not large, and the elastic force generated by elastic element 45 is small. Therefore, the support claw 43 will not close due to the obstruction of the coiling tube 44. Moreover, even if the elastic modulus of the outward rotating elastic element 46 is designed to be greater than that of elastic element 45, during the extension process of the push-pull rod 42 from the pulled-back position, the coiling tube 44 is driven by elastic element 45 to slide with the push-pull rod 42. At this time, the compression of elastic element 45 is large and the elastic force is relatively large. Therefore, the support claw 43 cannot quickly and effectively disengage from the coiling tube 44 and open. Until the coiling tube 44 slides a certain distance, the compression of elastic element 45 decreases and the elastic force decreases, and the support claw 43 can break free from the restraint of the coiling tube 44 and unfold.

[0049] In some embodiments, the inner peripheral wall of the retractor 44 slides against the outer peripheral wall of the push-pull rod 42.

[0050] It should be noted that the design of the coiling tube 44 ensures that the support claw 43 remains closed in the early stage as it extends with the push-pull rod 42. Only when the support claw 43 extends past the chuck 31 and the front end of the support claw 43 enters the inner hole of the collar 100 to be processed can the support claw 43 be released from the constraint of the coiling tube 44 and open, thus preventing the support claw 43 from opening too quickly and failing to be inserted into the inner hole of the collar 100.

[0051] like Figure 17As shown, in some embodiments, the push block 47 slides axially along the main shaft 3 on the outer cylinder 41. An elastic element 471 is provided between the push block 47 and the outer cylinder 41, applying a force to the push block 47 to retract away from the chuck 31. An elastic element 473 is provided between the lock cylinder 472 and the push block 47, applying a force to the lock cylinder 472 to slide closer to the axis of the main shaft 3, thereby pulling back the push rod 42. When in position, the lock cylinder 472 approaches and locks into the slot 433 on the support claw 43, thereby axially limiting the push block 47 to the support claw 43. When the push rod 42 extends and drives the support claw 43 to extend, the push block 47 is driven to move towards the chuck 31, thereby pushing out the collar 100 on the chuck 31. When the push block 47 extends into position, the lock cylinder 472 resists the elastic force of the elastic element 473 and retracts away from the support claw 43 until the lock cylinder 472 disengages from the slot 433 on the support claw 43.

[0052] like Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, when the push-pull rod 42 is pulled back to its position, the front end of the push block 47 protrudes beyond the front end of the support claw 43, so that when the push-pull rod 42 is extended, the push block 47 can reach and contact the collar 100 on the chuck 31 first; more precisely, a plurality of push blocks 47 are distributed circumferentially on the outer cylinder 41.

[0053] In some embodiments, the outer cylinder 41 is coaxially arranged with the main shaft 3, and the outer peripheral side of the outer cylinder 41 is rotatably engaged with the inner peripheral wall of the main shaft 3. The tail end of the outer cylinder 41, that is, the end of the outer cylinder 41 away from the chuck 31, is fixedly connected to the shaft box 2. Thus, the main shaft 3 can form a radial constraint support for the outer cylinder 41, and the outer cylinder 41 will not be affected by the circumferential rotation of the main shaft 3, so that the outer cylinder 41 can be stably inserted into the axial position of the main shaft 3.

[0054] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the bearing ring machining lathe further includes a loading and unloading mechanism 5. A feed rail 8 is provided above the spindle 3 for conveying the bearing rings 100 from the previous workstation, and a receiving rail 9 is provided below the spindle 3 for conveying the bearing rings 100 processed by the lathe to the next workstation. Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, the loading / unloading mechanism 5 includes a swing arm 52 and a transfer box 53 connected to the swing arm 52. The swing arm 52 is oscillatingly connected to the shaft box 2. The transfer box 53 has a first receiving compartment 531 and a second receiving compartment 532 arranged at intervals and parallel to each other. The first receiving compartment 531 and the second receiving compartment 532 extend along the axial direction of the main shaft 3. The centerlines of both the first receiving compartment 531 and the second receiving compartment 532 are located on the swing path of the swing arm 52, and the centerline of the main shaft 3 is also located on the swing path of the swing arm 52. Figure 14 and Figure 16As shown, by swinging the swing arm 52, the transfer box 53 can be moved to the receiving chamber 1 531 and positioned opposite the chuck 31. At this time, the auxiliary mechanism 4 can be used to take out the processed collar 100 from the receiving chamber 1 531 and transfer it to the chuck 31; or the transfer box 53 can be moved to the receiving chamber 2 532 and positioned opposite the chuck 31. At this time, the auxiliary mechanism 4 can be used to push the processed collar 100 on the chuck 31 into the receiving chamber 2 532.

[0055] like Figure 12 As shown, in some embodiments, receiving compartment one 531 / receiving compartment two 532 is located on the side of transfer box 53 near the feeding track 8 / receiving track 9, and the transfer box 53 is provided with annular limiting protrusions 533 on the bottom wall of receiving compartment one 531 / receiving compartment two 532, such as... Figure 13 As shown, when the transfer box 53 moves to the side near the feed track 8, the collar 100 on the feed track 8 can be retracted into the receiving compartment 531, as... Figure 13 As shown, furthermore, the feeding track 8 is provided with a groove 81, and at one end of the feeding track 8 near the main shaft 3, there is a notch 83 penetrating the opposite side walls of the groove 81. A pusher 82 is provided on the side of the feeding track 8 away from the transfer box 53. Thus, when the transfer box 53 rotates to the side near the feeding track 8, and the receiving chamber 531 is aligned with the notch 83, the pusher 82 can push the collar 100 into the receiving chamber 531 of the transfer box 53. Additionally, the front end of the pusher 82 has a protruding boss with a reduced outer diameter. When the pusher 82 pushes against the collar 100, the protruding boss at the front end will insert into the inner hole of the collar 100 and lift the collar 100, so that the collar 100 crosses the gap between the feeding track 8 and the transfer box 53. Figure 19As shown, when the transfer box 53 rotates to the side near the receiving track 9, the collar 100 in the receiving chamber 2 532 can be moved axially out of the receiving chamber 2 532 and into the receiving track 9. Specifically, the receiving track 9 is provided with a groove 2 91. When the transfer box 53 rotates to the side near the receiving track 9, the receiving chamber 2 532 is located on the side of the receiving track 9 and above the groove 2 91. Then, by pushing from the side with the limiting stop 533 using a cylinder (not shown), the collar 100 in the receiving chamber 2 532 can be pushed out of the receiving chamber 2 532 and into the groove 2 91, causing the collar 100 to fall onto the groove 2 91 of the receiving track 9. It can be understood that... Alternatively, the receiving track 9 may have a notch at one end near the main shaft 3, through the groove 2 91 on both sides of the receiving track 9. The transfer box 53 can rotate to the side of the receiving chamber 2 532 facing the receiving track 9. The cylinder pushes the collar 100 in the receiving chamber 2 532 into the groove 2 91 of the receiving track 9 from the side of the receiving chamber 2 532 with the limiting stop protrusion 533, so as to avoid the collar 100 being damaged by impact. In addition, the outer wall of the collar 100 elastically abuts against the side wall of the receiving chamber 1 531 / receiving chamber 2 532 to increase the contact friction between the collar 100 and the receiving chamber 1 531 / receiving chamber 2 532, so that the collar 100 can be stably stopped in the receiving chamber 1 531 / receiving chamber 2 532.

[0056] like Figure 11 As shown, in some embodiments, the swing arm 52 is connected to the axle box 2 via a planetary gear structure. Specifically, the loading and unloading mechanism 5 also includes a gear carrier 51, a planetary carrier 54, a gear ring 55, and a central gear shaft 56. The gear carrier 51 is fixedly connected to the axle box 2. The planetary carrier 54 is located at the swing fulcrum of the swing arm 52 and is rotatably engaged with the gear carrier 51. The planetary carrier 54 is provided with multiple planetary gears 541. The gear ring 55 is fixedly installed on the gear carrier 51, and the planetary gears 541 mesh with the gear ring 55. The central gear shaft 56 is rotatably connected to the gear carrier 51 and meshes with multiple planetary gears 541. The gear carrier 51 is also equipped with a drive motor (not shown) that transmits power between itself and the central gear shaft 56, thereby driving the swing arm 52 to rotate by reducing speed and increasing torque.

[0057] The bearing ring machining lathe provided in this embodiment of the invention can drive the transfer box 53 to swing from the feed track 8 to the receiving track 9 via the swing arm 52, and when the transfer box 53 moves close to the main spindle 3, such as Figure 15As shown, the transfer box 53 first moves to the second receiving chamber 532 and aligns with the chuck 31. The push-pull rod 42 extends, driving the push block 47 to push the collar 100 on the chuck 31 into the second receiving chamber 532. The transfer box 53 continues to swing downwards. During this process, the push-pull rod 42 continues to extend. As the transfer box 53 swings to the first receiving chamber 531 and tends to align with the chuck 31, the closed support claw 43 gradually extends into the inner hole of the collar 100 in the first receiving chamber 531. Figure 18 As shown, when the front end of the support claw 43 passes the bearing ring 100, the support claw 43 loses the constraint of the converging tube 44 and unfolds, clamping the bearing ring 100 onto the support claw 43. Then, the push-pull rod 42 pulls back, causing the bearing ring 100 to enter the chuck 31. The swing arm 52 continues to swing downward, moving the bearing ring 100 on the receiving chamber 2 532 to the receiving rail 9. Then, it continues to rotate in one direction until it is close to the feeding rail 8, moving the bearing ring 100 on the feeding rail 8 to the receiving chamber 1 531 to prepare for the next cycle. Obviously, the bearing ring processing lathe provided in this embodiment of the invention uses the swing arm 52 to... The rotating transfer box 53 rotates to sequentially pass the receiving chamber 2 532 and receiving chamber 1 531 through the chuck 31 on the main spindle 3, which can then cooperate with the auxiliary mechanism 4 to complete the unloading and loading. In the prior art, the unloading device needs to first move the chuck 31 to unload the material through the displacement between two points, and then move the bearing ring 100 onto the chuck 31 through the displacement between two points of the loading device. However, the bearing ring processing lathe provided in this embodiment of the invention only needs to move the swing arm to the adjacent receiving chamber 2 532 and receiving chamber 1 531 to align with the chuck 31 to realize the unloading and loading operation, which reduces the turning downtime for unloading and loading and improves work efficiency.

[0058] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, a push-pull sleeve 32 is inserted inside the spindle 3. The push-pull sleeve 32 slides along the axial direction of the spindle 3 and is also located outside the chuck 31. When the push-pull sleeve 32 is pushed towards the chuck 31, it squeezes the chuck 31, causing it to tighten and hold. When the push-pull sleeve 32 moves away from the chuck 31, the chuck 31 returns to its initial open state. The fit between the push-pull sleeve 32 and the chuck 31 is a mature existing technology and will not be described in detail here. The tail end of the push-pull sleeve 32 is sleeved with... The shaft box 2 is equipped with a rotating ring 321 that rotates with the push-pull sleeve 32. A shift fork 7 is provided on the shaft box 2. The middle part of the shift fork 7 is rotatably connected to the shaft box 2 through the shift fork hinge 72. One end of the shift fork 7 is connected to the shift fork driver 71, and the other end of the shift fork 7 is connected to the rotating ring 321, so that the shift fork 7 is axially limited between the rotating ring 321 and the push-pull sleeve 32. When the shift fork driver 71 drives the shift fork 7 to swing, the end of the shift fork 7 connected to the push-pull sleeve 32 swings back and forth in the axial direction of the main shaft 3, controlling the pushing and pulling action of the push-pull sleeve 32.

[0059] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, a stator-rotor structure 6 is provided between the spindle 3 and the shaft box 2, and the rotation drive of the spindle 3 is realized through the stator-rotor structure 6. It is understood that in other embodiments not shown, the spindle 3 can also be connected to the spindle drive motor through a gear structure or a pulley structure.

[0060] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lathe for machining bearing rings, characterized in that: The machine includes a bed, a headstock mounted on the bed, a spindle mounted on the headstock, and auxiliary mechanisms. The spindle is hollow, and a push-type collet system is installed at the front end of the spindle. The push-type collet system includes a chuck. The auxiliary mechanisms include an outer cylinder, a push-pull rod, multiple support claws, and a push block. The outer cylinder passes through the interior of the spindle, and the push-pull rod is inserted into the outer cylinder. The push-pull rod can slide relative to the outer cylinder along the axial direction of the spindle. The multiple support claws are movably connected to the end of the push-pull rod near the chuck. The push block slides along the axial direction of the spindle. The push block is movably connected to the outer cylinder, and the push block is positioned opposite to the inner end face of the collar held in the chuck. The support claw is provided with a slot, and the push block is provided with a lock core that extends and retracts along the radial direction of the main shaft. When the lock core extends and engages with the slot, the push block is axially limited to the support claw. When the push-pull rod extends close to the chuck to the first position, the support claw slides along the axial direction of the main shaft and drives the push block to push the collar out of the chuck. When the push-pull rod extends close to the chuck to the second position, multiple support claws are inserted into the inner hole of the collar, and multiple support claws open to support the inner hole of the collar.

2. The bearing ring machining lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the support claw is provided with an outer inclined surface. When the support claw is closed, the longitudinal profile of the outer inclined surface is inclined at an acute angle relative to the axis of the push-pull rod. A retaining rib protruding from the outer peripheral wall of the support claw is installed on the support claw near the hinge end of the support claw.

3. The bearing ring machining lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary mechanism also includes a drawstring tube and an elastic element. The drawstring tube is slidably sleeved on the outside of the push-pull rod along the axial direction. A limiting ring is protruding from the outside of the drawstring tube. A limiting shoulder is provided on the inner side wall of the outer cylinder near the clamp. The limiting shoulder and the limiting ring are arranged opposite to each other. The elastic element elastically abuts between the drawstring tube and the outer cylinder. The elastic element applies an elastic force to the drawstring tube to drive it to slide closer to the clamp. When the push-pull rod is pulled back to its original position, the elastic element is squeezed and retracted. The end of the drawstring tube near the clamp abuts against the side of the retaining rib away from the clamp, and the support claw is at least partially inserted into the drawstring tube.

4. The bearing ring machining lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The push block slides along the axial direction of the main shaft on the outer cylinder. An elastic element two is provided between the push block and the outer cylinder. The elastic element two applies a force to the push block to retract away from the chuck. An elastic element three is provided between the lock cylinder and the push block. The elastic element three applies a force to the lock cylinder to slide closer to the axis of the main shaft. When the push-pull rod is pulled back to the position, the lock cylinder approaches and locks into the slot on the support claw. When the push block is extended to the position, the lock cylinder resists the elastic force of the elastic element three and retracts away from the support claw until the lock cylinder disengages from the slot.

5. The bearing ring machining lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: An externally rotating elastic element is installed between the support claw and the push-pull rod, and the externally rotating elastic element applies an elastic force to the support claw to drive the support claw to swing and unfold.

6. The bearing ring machining lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the push-pull rod is pulled back to its original position, the front end of the push block protrudes beyond the front end of the support claw.

7. The bearing ring machining lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing ring processing lathe also includes a loading and unloading mechanism. A feeding rail is provided above the spindle, and a receiving rail is provided below the spindle. The loading and unloading mechanism includes a swing arm and a transfer box connected to the swing arm. The swing arm is oscillatingly connected to the axle box. A receiving chamber 1 and a receiving chamber 2 are arranged at intervals and parallel on the transfer box. The receiving chamber 1 and the receiving chamber 2 extend along the axial direction of the spindle. The center lines of the receiving chamber 1 and the receiving chamber 2 are both located on the swing path of the swing arm, and the center line of the spindle is located on the swing path of the swing arm.

8. The bearing ring machining lathe according to claim 7, characterized in that: The receiving chamber 1 / receiving chamber 2 is located on the side of the transfer box near the feeding track / receiving track. The transfer box has an annular limiting protrusion on the bottom wall of receiving chamber 1 / receiving chamber 2. The feeding track has a groove 1. At the end of the feeding track near the main shaft, there is a notch that penetrates the opposite side walls of the groove 1. A pusher is provided on the side of the feeding track away from the transfer box. The receiving track has a groove 2. When the transfer box rotates to the side near the receiving track, receiving chamber 2 is located on the side of the receiving track and above the groove 2.

9. The bearing ring machining lathe according to claim 7, characterized in that: The swing arm is connected to the axle box via a planetary gear structure. The loading and unloading mechanism also includes a gear carrier, a planetary carrier, a gear ring, and a central gear shaft. The gear carrier is fixedly connected to the axle box. The planetary carrier is located at the swing fulcrum of the swing arm and is rotatably engaged with the gear carrier. Multiple planetary gears are provided on the planetary carrier. The gear ring is fixedly installed on the gear carrier and meshes with the planetary gears. The central gear shaft is rotatably connected to the gear carrier and meshes with multiple planetary gears. A drive motor for power transmission between the gear carrier and the central gear shaft is also installed on the gear carrier.

10. The bearing ring machining lathe according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: A push-pull sleeve is installed inside the main shaft. The push-pull sleeve slides along the axis of the main shaft and is also located on the outside of the chuck. A swivel ring is fitted at the tail end of the push-pull sleeve. A shift fork is provided on the shaft box. The middle part of the shift fork is rotatably connected to the shaft box through a shift fork hinge. One end of the shift fork is connected to the shift fork driver, and the other end of the shift fork is connected to the swivel ring.

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