A light-gathering heat-collecting downflow evaporation device and a method of using the same

Abstract

This invention provides a concentrated solar thermal evaporation device and its usage method. The evaporation device, from top to bottom, includes: a concentrated solar thermal module, a photocatalytic overflow retention module, a self-balancing liquid distribution module, and a wind-driven downflow evaporation and salt removal module. The evaporation device utilizes vacuum heat-absorbing tubes to heat high-salt organic wastewater in a non-boiling manner, avoiding the problem of scaling on traditional heating surfaces. The high-temperature wastewater then enters the photocatalytic overflow retention module, where it undergoes S-shaped flow deflection under the action of baffles and a pure titanium photocatalytic mesh, effectively degrading organic pollutants in the water. After stabilization, the wastewater is evenly distributed by a V-shaped overflow weir distributor and flows downflow along the flexible packing inside the evaporation tower to form a film. Dry natural air is introduced at the bottom of the tower, accelerating water evaporation through gas-liquid countercurrent contact. This invention physically separates the heat acquisition and water evaporation processes, possessing characteristics such as long-lasting scale prevention and low energy consumption, making it particularly suitable for zero-discharge treatment of high-salt organic wastewater in arid regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of industrial high-salt wastewater treatment and solar thermal utilization technology, specifically relating to a concentrating heat collection and de-flow evaporation device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] High-salinity organic wastewater poses a significant treatment challenge for industries such as coal chemical, pharmaceutical, and dyeing. Traditional thermal evaporation technologies (such as MVR and multi-effect evaporation) suffer from severe inorganic salt scaling due to the intense boiling phase transition at the heated surfaces, resulting in substantial equipment investment and energy consumption. While solar-powered interfacial evaporation technology has gained attention in recent years for its green and low-carbon characteristics, it also faces bottlenecks in the continuous treatment of high-concentration brine, including salt crystallization blockage at the evaporation interface and difficulties in achieving large-scale engineering. Furthermore, existing falling film evaporation equipment often relies on internal heating media, making the liquid distribution device prone to blockage by suspended solids, and it struggles to simultaneously address the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in the wastewater.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a comprehensive treatment technology that can achieve heat and mass separation, fundamentally solve the problem of scaling on heated surfaces, and achieve zero discharge of high-salt organic wastewater with low energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of solving the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a concentrating heat collection and de-flow evaporation device and its usage method, which solves the problems of easy scaling on the heating surface, easy clogging of liquid distribution and high energy consumption in the prior art, and realizes efficient evaporation and crystallization salt removal through heat and mass coupling.

[0005] Specifically, the concentrating solar collector and downflow evaporation device of the present invention includes a concentrating solar collector module, a photocatalytic overflow retention module, a self-balancing liquid distribution module, and a wind-driven downflow evaporation and salt removal module. The concentrating solar collector module includes an external primary tracking reflector array, a top secondary composite parabolic concentrator, and a vacuum absorber tube array disposed below the secondary composite parabolic concentrator for absorbing solar radiation and non-boiling heating of high-salt wastewater within the tubes. The photocatalytic overflow retention module is located on the heated wastewater flow path below the vacuum absorber tube array and is used for pressure equalization retention and photocatalytic degradation of high-temperature wastewater. The self-balancing liquid distribution module is connected to the bottom outlet of the photocatalytic overflow retention module and is positioned at the center of the photocatalytic overflow retention module for uniformly spreading the treated high-temperature, high-salt wastewater. The wind-driven downflow evaporation and salt removal module is located below the photocatalytic overflow retention module.

[0006] Furthermore, the primary tracking mirror array is a linear mirror group with single-axis tracking; the vacuum heat absorber array is made of high borosilicate glass, and the outer surface of its internal heat absorber tubes is coated with a solar selective absorption coating; the secondary composite parabolic concentrator is fitted above the vacuum heat absorber array to refocus the light reflected by the primary tracking mirror array and the spatial scattered light, and project them uniformly onto the vacuum heat absorber tubes from all directions.

[0007] Furthermore, the solar selective absorption coating is an aluminum-aluminum nitride (Al-AlN) cermet composite coating.

[0008] Furthermore, the top of the self-balancing liquid distribution module is provided with a V-shaped overflow weir distributor, and the upper edge of the weir plate of the V-shaped overflow weir distributor is evenly provided with multiple V-shaped teeth; the V-shaped teeth have the hydrodynamic characteristics of nonlinear liquid level rise and fall with the fluctuation of the influent flow rate, so as to realize the adaptive uniformity of the overflow liquid film thickness in each tooth gap, and prevent the blockage caused by tiny salt crystals and water impurities in the early stage of system operation.

[0009] Furthermore, the photocatalytic overflow retention module is equipped with an integrated light guide-flow deflector and a vertically mounted photocatalytic mesh. The integrated light guide-flow deflector includes multiple staggered deflector baffles.

[0010] Furthermore, the baffles are selected from quartz glass or borosilicate glass; the overflow port height of the V-shaped overflow weir distributor defines the normal liquid level line of the photocatalytic overflow retention module; the top of the baffles is higher than the normal liquid level line to receive and conduct light reflected by the upper focusing mask; the baffles are suspended at the bottom and evenly distributed around the self-balancing liquid distribution module, wherein there is a water passage gap between the suspended baffles and the bottom of the tank, and the wastewater flows in an S-shaped longitudinal direction within the photocatalytic overflow retention module. The top of the photocatalytic overflow retention module is open.

[0011] Furthermore, the number of baffles is 4-10 times the number of self-balancing liquid distribution modules.

[0012] Furthermore, the immobilized photocatalytic mesh is a pure titanium wire mesh vertically laid between adjacent baffles. Light introduced through the baffles excites the vertically distributed pure titanium wire mesh, which synergistically degrades organic pollutants in the wastewater. Its top height is lower than or equal to the normal liquid level line to ensure complete immersion in the wastewater. The surface of the pure titanium wire mesh has an integrated titanium dioxide nanotube array inorganic bonding layer grown in situ through anodizing process.

[0013] Furthermore, the wind-driven downflow evaporation and salt removal module is an evaporation tower, with a flexible anti-scaling packing array suspended inside the tower; a positive pressure forced blower is connected to the bottom side wall; an open exhaust port is provided at the top; and a salt collection hopper is provided at the bottom; the flexible anti-scaling packing array is composed of high-temperature resistant silicone rope or corrosion-resistant braided rope; and a mechanical vibrator is connected to the end of the flexible anti-scaling packing array for high-frequency vibration to peel off the crystalline salt shell on the surface of the packing.

[0014] Furthermore, the positive pressure forced blower is a variable frequency blower.

[0015] Furthermore, the system also includes solar photovoltaic panels installed outside or around the wind-driven downflow evaporation and salt removal module. The solar photovoltaic panels are electrically connected to the positive pressure forced blower, so that the fan speed of the positive pressure forced blower is adaptively coupled with the solar irradiance of the system.

[0016] Furthermore, the concentrating solar collector module is adaptively coupled and linked with the variable frequency water inlet pump, and a temperature sensor is provided at the outlet end of the vacuum heat absorber array. The temperature sensor is signal-connected to the variable frequency water inlet pump and is used to dynamically adjust the speed of the variable frequency water inlet pump in real time according to the outlet water temperature of the vacuum heat absorber array, so as to control the flow rate and heating time of high-salt wastewater in the heat absorber tube.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method of using the concentrating solar collector and de-current evaporation device as described above, comprising the following steps: Step 1, Heating and Liquid Injection: High-salt wastewater is introduced into the vacuum heat absorption tube of the concentrating solar collector module to absorb solar radiation and heat up to the preset temperature range, while controlling the wastewater in the tube to prevent boiling and vaporization. Step 2, Catalytic Degradation and Pressure Stabilization: The high-temperature and high-salt wastewater, heated to the preset temperature range, falls into the photocatalytic overflow retention module. Under the guidance of the light guide-flow deflector integrated component, the high-temperature and high-salt wastewater flows in an S-shape, achieving buffering and pressure stabilization of the water flow. Step 3, Uniformly distributed flow to form a film: The high-temperature and high-salt wastewater after pressure stabilization flows to the self-balancing liquid distribution module, and after self-balancing overflow through the V-shaped overflow weir distributor, it enters the evaporation tower and flows down by gravity along the flexible anti-scaling packing array in the tower to form a heated liquid film. Step 4, Forced Evaporation: The solar photovoltaic panels capture light energy and directly drive the bottom positive pressure forced blower to force room temperature dry air into the tower. The cold dry air rises counter-currently from bottom to top, continuously absorbing the sensible heat and latent heat of evaporation of the descending wastewater, accelerating the vaporization and peeling of the liquid film moisture. Step 5, Gas-liquid separation and slag discharge: The high-temperature and high-humidity gas, saturated with water, is discharged into the atmosphere from the top of the evaporation tower; the water in the downflow wastewater is drained, and the salt is supersaturated and precipitated on the flexible anti-scaling packing array to form a hard salt shell. The mechanical vibrator is periodically activated to break the salt shell and drop it into the salt collection hopper at the bottom, thus completing solid-liquid separation and zero discharge.

[0018] Furthermore, the preset temperature range in step 1 is 70℃-90℃.

[0019] Furthermore, the preset temperature range in step 1 is 75℃-85℃.

[0020] Furthermore, the ambient dry air introduced in step 4 is natural ambient wind. The air does not require external preheating during the countercurrent upward process. It relies on absorbing the sensible heat of the high-temperature wastewater to achieve a multiple increase in its own temperature rise and moisture holding capacity.

[0021] This invention employs a treatment method combining concentrated sensible heat heating and ambient temperature wind-driven evaporation for phase separation, along with photocatalytic retention and a V-shaped weir liquid distribution structure, to achieve zero-discharge treatment of high-salt organic wastewater. Through the combination of a thermo-mass separation anti-scaling mechanism, a two-stage evaporation design, and a flexible cable-stayed slag discharge structure, it achieves highly efficient concentration and solid-liquid separation of high-salt wastewater, featuring excellent anti-scaling performance, low operating energy consumption, adaptability to flow fluctuations, and consideration for organic matter degradation.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Separate heating and evaporation processes to avoid scaling on heated surfaces: Vacuum tube sensible heat rise is used instead of traditional boiling heating, and combined with room temperature air-driven downflow, scaling on heated surfaces is eliminated from the physical structure; the pre-evaporation of the photocatalytic overflow residence module and the air-driven downflow evaporation and salt removal module are combined as the main evaporation of the evaporation tower, which improves the overall evaporation mass transfer efficiency of the evaporation device. 2. Adapt to flow fluctuations and prevent blockage of the liquid distribution device: The front end uses a closed-loop linkage of "variable frequency water pump + temperature sensor" to dynamically control the water temperature according to the fluctuation of solar radiation; the middle end adopts a V-shaped overflow weir distributor, which achieves liquid level self-balancing by means of variable cross-section fluid characteristics, effectively eliminating the risk of blockage caused by solid impurities and initial salt crystallization. 3. Combining light guiding and flow deflection structures to improve catalyst stability: The flow deflection baffle has the functions of extending hydraulic residence and deep light guiding; combined with the in-situ grown pure titanium anodic oxide mesh, the catalyst achieves inorganic bonding, which significantly improves the equipment's service life under high-salt fluid scouring environment while synergistically degrading organic matter. 4. Reduce system operating energy consumption and achieve solid-liquid separation and salt discharge: Directly introduce natural ambient temperature air as carrier gas, combined with photovoltaic direct drive fan, to eliminate air preheating and additional electricity consumption expenses; at the end, the flexible cable deformation and mechanical vibration are combined to achieve automatic salt shell detachment, and complete solid-liquid separation and zero discharge of wastewater at low cost. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a main cross-sectional view of the concentrating solar collector and de-flow evaporator of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path tracing of the focusing module; Figure 3 This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the photocatalytic overflow retention module; Figure 4 This is a partial top view of the self-balancing liquid distribution module; Figure 5 This is a partial schematic diagram of the wind-driven downflow evaporation and slag removal module; Figure labels: 10. Concentrating solar collector module; 11. Primary tracking reflector array; 12. Secondary composite parabolic concentrator; 13. Vacuum absorber array; 14. Variable frequency water pump; 15. Temperature sensor; 20. Photocatalytic overflow retention module; 21. Baffle; 22. Pure titanium wire mesh; 30. Self-balancing liquid distribution module; 31. V-shaped overflow weir distributor; 40. Wind-driven downflow evaporation and salt removal module; 41. Flexible anti-scaling packing array; 42. Positive pressure forced blower; 43. Mechanical vibrator; 44. Salt collection hopper; 45. Solar photovoltaic panel. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way. Unless otherwise stated, the raw materials and reagents used in the embodiments of the present invention are conventionally purchased raw materials and reagents.

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained below with reference to implementation examples.

[0026] Example 1 This embodiment provides a concentrating solar collector and de-current evaporation device, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the evaporation device includes, from top to bottom, a concentrating heat collection module 10, a photocatalytic overflow retention module 20, a self-balancing liquid distribution module 30, a wind-driven downflow evaporation and salt removal module 40, and a solar photovoltaic power generation panel 45 installed outside or around the wind-driven downflow evaporation and salt removal module 40.

[0027] The concentrating solar collector module 10 includes an external primary tracking mirror array 11, a top secondary composite parabolic concentrator 12, and a vacuum absorber tube array 13 disposed below the secondary composite parabolic concentrator 12; the photocatalytic overflow retention module 20 is located on the heated wastewater flow path below the vacuum absorber tube array 13; the self-balancing liquid distribution module 30 is connected to the bottom outlet of the photocatalytic overflow retention module 20, and the self-balancing liquid distribution module 30 is located at the center of the photocatalytic overflow retention module 20; the wind-driven downflow evaporation and salt removal module 40 is located below the photocatalytic overflow retention module 20.

[0028] The top of the self-balancing liquid distribution module 30 is provided with a V-shaped overflow weir distributor 31. The upper edge of the weir plate of the V-shaped overflow weir distributor 31 is evenly provided with multiple V-shaped teeth. There are 4 V-shaped overflow weir distributors 31, which are arranged in a square arrangement at the center of the photocatalytic overflow residence module 20.

[0029] The photocatalytic overflow retention module 20 is equipped with an integrated light guide-baffle assembly and a vertically mounted photocatalytic mesh. The integrated light guide-baffle assembly includes multiple staggered baffles 21, the top of which is higher than the normal liquid level line. The baffles 21 are suspended at the bottom and evenly distributed around the self-balancing liquid distribution module 30, and there are 20 baffles 21. The baffles 21 with their bottoms suspended have a water passage gap with the bottom of the tank, and the wastewater flows in an S-shaped longitudinal flow within the photocatalytic overflow retention module 20.

[0030] The immobilized photocatalytic mesh is a pure titanium wire mesh 22 vertically laid between adjacent baffles 21, with its top height being lower than or equal to the normal liquid level line; the surface of the pure titanium wire mesh 22 has an integrated titanium dioxide nanotube array inorganic bonding layer grown in situ through anodizing process.

[0031] The wind-driven downflow evaporation and salt removal module 40 is an evaporation tower, with a flexible anti-scaling packing array 41 suspended inside the tower; a positive pressure forced blower 42 is connected to the bottom side wall; an open exhaust port is provided at the top, and a salt collection hopper 44 is provided at the bottom; the flexible anti-scaling packing array 41 is made of high-temperature resistant silicone rope or corrosion-resistant braided rope; and a mechanical vibrator 43 is connected to the end of the flexible anti-scaling packing array 41.

[0032] The solar photovoltaic panel 45 is electrically connected to the positive pressure forced blower 42, so that the fan speed of the positive pressure forced blower 42 is adaptively coupled with the solar irradiance of the system.

[0033] The light-concentrating heat collection module 10 is adaptively coupled and linked with the variable frequency water pump 14. The outlet end of the vacuum heat absorption tube array 13 is equipped with a temperature sensor 15. The temperature sensor 15 is signal-connected to the variable frequency water pump 14 and is used to dynamically adjust the speed of the variable frequency water pump 14 in real time according to the outlet water temperature of the vacuum heat absorption tube array 13.

[0034] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for using the concentrating solar collector and de-current evaporation device described in Embodiment 1, including the following steps: Step 1, Heating and Liquid Injection: High-salt wastewater is introduced into the vacuum absorber tube of the concentrating solar collector module 10, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the concentrating solar collector module 10 uses a primary tracking reflector array 11 to reflect primary sunlight, which is then focused into the secondary space by a secondary composite parabolic concentrator 12 and precisely projected onto the outer surface of the vacuum absorber array 13. The vacuum absorber array 13 absorbs solar radiation and heats up to a set temperature range of 70℃-90℃. In terms of operation control, the temperature sensor 15 monitors the outlet water temperature of the absorber in real time. Based on the temperature fluctuations caused by sunlight, the variable frequency water pump 14 dynamically adjusts the inlet water flow rate in real time to ensure that the raw water in the pipe is always maintained in the non-boiling single-phase flow temperature range of 70℃-90℃, thus preventing scale buildup in the pipe from the source.

[0035] Step 2, Catalytic Degradation and Pressure Stabilization: High-temperature and high-salt wastewater heated to the temperature range of 70℃-90℃ falls into the photocatalytic overflow retention module 20. Under the guidance of the light guide-flow deflector integrated component, the high-temperature and high-salt wastewater flows in an S-shape, realizing the buffering and pressure stabilization of the water flow. Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, high-temperature wastewater falls into the photocatalytic overflow retention module 20 by gravity. The photocatalytic overflow retention module 20 has a strict spatial structure in the vertical direction of the Z-axis: the height of the baffle 21 is set at 5-10 cm; the height of the vertically laid pure titanium wire mesh 22 is 3-8 cm, ensuring that it is completely submerged in the wastewater; the baffle 21, which is suspended at the bottom, maintains a 1-2 cm water passage gap with the bottom of the tank. This structure forces the wastewater to flow in an S-shape, while the top of the baffle 21 stably extends 1-2 cm above the water surface to guide light in a deep layer, stimulating the pure titanium wire mesh 22 to degrade the organic matter in the wastewater and achieve primary surface pre-evaporation.

[0036] Step 3, Uniformly distributed flow to form a film: The high-temperature and high-salt wastewater after pressure stabilization flows to the self-balancing liquid distribution module 30, and after self-balancing overflow through the V-shaped overflow weir distributor 31, it enters the evaporation tower and flows down by gravity along the flexible anti-scaling packing array 41 in the tower to form a heated liquid film. Specifically, such as Figure 4As shown, the high-temperature, high-salinity wastewater, after pressure stabilization, flows into the self-balancing liquid distribution module 30 below. Its core component, the V-shaped overflow weir distributor 31, has multiple V-shaped teeth evenly distributed along its upper edge on the weir plate. The height of its overflow outlet defines the normal liquid level line (4-8 cm) of the upper photocatalytic overflow retention module 20. When fluctuations in light intensity cause changes in the system's front-end flow rate, the "narrow at the bottom and wide at the top" geometric characteristic of the V-shaped notch allows the overflow liquid level to rise and fall adaptively, ensuring a uniform liquid film thickness at each tooth gap. Simultaneously, the wide opening physical structure completely eliminates the risk of blockage by solid impurities.

[0037] Step 4, Forced wind-driven evaporation: The solar photovoltaic panel 45 captures light energy and directly drives the bottom positive pressure forced blower 42 to pressurize the room temperature dry air into the tower. The cold dry air rises counter-currently from bottom to top, continuously absorbing the sensible heat and latent heat of evaporation of the descending wastewater, accelerating the vaporization and peeling of the liquid film moisture. Specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, the uniformly spread high-temperature liquid film flows downwards by gravity along the flexible anti-scaling packing array 41 within the wind-driven evaporation and salt removal module 40. Externally installed solar photovoltaic panels 45 convert solar energy into electrical energy, directly driving the positive pressure forced blower 42 at the bottom of the tower to pressurize room-temperature dry air into the tower. The greater the light intensity, the higher the speed of the positive pressure forced blower, achieving adaptive matching of evaporation and mass transfer.

[0038] Step 5, Gas-liquid separation and slag discharge: Cold, dry air rises counter-currently from bottom to top, forcefully removing the moisture from the high-temperature liquid film. The high-temperature, high-humidity gas, saturated with moisture, is discharged into the atmosphere from the top of the evaporation tower. The water in the descending wastewater is drained, and the salt is supersaturated and precipitated on the flexible anti-scaling packing array 41 to form a hard salt crust. The mechanical vibrator 43 is periodically activated to break the salt crust and cause it to fall into the salt collection hopper 44 at the bottom, thus completing the thorough solid-liquid separation and zero discharge of the wastewater.

[0039] Application Example 1 To further verify the feasibility of Example 2, a small-scale sample testing apparatus was built outdoors under natural sunlight conditions. During the test, the average solar irradiance at noon on sunny days in the local area was approximately 800 W / m². 2 .

[0040] (1) Treatment object (raw water quality): The simulated high-salt organic wastewater was prepared with an initial total dissolved solids (TDS) of 35,000 mg / L (mainly sodium sulfate and sodium chloride), and organic dyes were added to make the initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) reach 350 mg / L. It has obvious color and viscosity, with a color of 800 and a viscosity of 1.8 mPa·s, to simulate the concentrated water of printing and dyeing RO.

[0041] (2) Prototype dimensions and parameter configuration: Concentrating solar thermal collector module 10: The prototype uses a first-stage tracking reflector array 11 with a light-collecting projection area of ​​2 m². 2 It is equipped with a single high borosilicate vacuum heat absorber tube with an outer diameter of 70 mm, an effective heat absorption length of 2000 mm, and an internal flow channel diameter of 25 mm. Its heat absorption surface is coated with an aluminum-aluminum nitride (AI-AIN) selective absorption coating to improve photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0042] Photocatalytic overflow retention module 20: Employs a small, custom-designed tank with an effective volume of 30 L. Internally, it features five staggered quartz baffles 21, each 60 mm high and 40 mm apart. A pure titanium wire mesh 22, with an in-situ grown array of titanium dioxide nanotubes, is attached to its surface. The pure titanium wire mesh 22 uses a 40 mesh / inch specification, with a wire diameter of 0.2 mm, and a total effective area of ​​0.4 m². 2 .

[0043] Wind-driven downflow evaporation and salt removal module 40: The small evaporator has a cross-sectional dimension of 0.5 m × 0.5 m and an effective downflow height of 1 m. Ten suspended high-temperature resistant silicone cables serve as a flexible anti-scaling packing array 41. An external 200 W small solar photovoltaic panel 45 is equipped, directly driving a positive pressure forced blower 42 at the bottom.

[0044] (3) Dynamic operation process: The prototype relies on photovoltaic direct drive and temperature control linkage for operation. During the test period, temperature sensor 15 locked the target outlet water temperature between 75℃ and 85℃. At noon, the micro variable frequency inlet pump 14 automatically increased its frequency, and the peak system flow rate was approximately 15L / h; the average hydraulic residence time of wastewater in the photocatalytic overflow retention module 20 was 45 minutes.

[0045] (4) Overall treatment effect: Macromolecular chain scission and partial degradation: Through synergistic photocatalysis with pure titanium wire mesh 22, the COD of the prototype effluent steadily decreased from 350 mg / L to below 150 mg / L, and the water achieved deep decolorization, with the color decreasing to less than 40 times, and the decolorization rate exceeding 95%. The chain scission of macromolecular dye organic matter greatly reduced the fluid viscosity of high-salt wastewater, with the viscosity after treatment dropping to below 1.0 mPa·s (close to the viscosity of clean water), fundamentally eliminating the risk of organic matter adhering to and clogging the packing material during subsequent downflow.

[0046] Zero discharge and salt recovery: After the wastewater is evenly distributed and discharged through the V-shaped overflow weir distributor 31, the water is completely drained under the action of wind. Mixed salt crystals precipitate supersaturatedly on the flexible silica gel cable to form a salt crust. White mixed crystalline salt with a purity greater than 92% is collected by periodic vibration of the mechanical vibrator 43.

[0047] Comparative experiments to verify: To verify the synergistic effect of the core "source dynamic temperature control mechanism (70℃-90℃)" of this invention on long-term scale prevention performance and evaporation mass transfer efficiency, three sets of comparative tests (each set running continuously for 15 days) were conducted using this prototype. The table below lists the data comparison between Application Example 1 and two comparative examples (the only difference between Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 and Application Example 1 is the temperature control setting range, i.e., temperature sensor 15 locks the target outlet water temperature in different ranges): Comparative Example 1 45℃-50℃ Low temperature single phase flow <![CDATA[0.85 kg / (m 2 ·h)]]> No scaling occurs; however, the liquid film vapor pressure is low, evaporation is extremely slow, and overall efficiency is low. Application Example 1 75℃-85℃ High-temperature non-boiling <![CDATA[2.48 kg / (m 2 ·h)]]> Completely clean (0% scale buildup area); scale-resistant and with extremely high evaporation efficiency. Comparative Example 2 105℃-110℃ Boiling phase change flow <![CDATA[2.65 kg / (m 2 ·h)]]> Severe scaling, with early signs of blockage in localized areas of the pipeline. Experimental data analysis shows that in Comparative Example 1, the low heating temperature resulted in a low saturated water vapor partial pressure on the liquid film surface, leading to insufficient driving force for evaporation and mass transfer. While Comparative Example 2 increased the system's heat input, slightly increasing the evaporation rate, the fluid inside the tube underwent a boiling phase change, causing rapid supersaturation precipitation of inorganic salts on the heated surface, forming scale. In contrast, Application Example 1, through closed-loop control of a variable frequency pump and temperature sensor, stably maintained the heating temperature inside the tube at 75℃-85℃. Tests confirmed that this temperature control range is the optimal parameter range for the system's operation: it provides sufficient water vapor pressure difference for efficient interfacial evaporation while maintaining a single-phase heating state of the fluid inside the tube, physically eliminating the scaling risk caused by boiling phase change. These test results fully verify the feasibility of the system's heat-mass separation and scale prevention design, effectively ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment when processing high-concentration brine.

[0048] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A concentrating solar collector and de-current evaporation device, characterized in that, The evaporation device includes a concentrating heat collection module (10), a photocatalytic overflow retention module (20), a self-balancing liquid distribution module (30), and a wind-driven downflow evaporation and salt removal module (40). The concentrating heat collection module (10) includes an external primary tracking reflector array (11), a top secondary composite parabolic concentrator (12), and a vacuum heat absorption tube array (13) that runs through the lower part of the secondary composite parabolic concentrator (12). The photocatalytic overflow retention module (20) is located on the heated wastewater flow path below the vacuum heat absorption tube array (13). The self-balancing liquid distribution module (30) is connected to the bottom outlet of the photocatalytic overflow retention module (20), and the self-balancing liquid distribution module (30) is located at the center of the photocatalytic overflow retention module (20). The wind-driven downflow evaporation and salt removal module (40) is located below the photocatalytic overflow retention module (20). The photocatalytic overflow retention module (20) is equipped with an integrated light guide-baffle assembly and a vertically mounted photocatalytic mesh; the wastewater flows in an S-shaped longitudinal baffle within the photocatalytic overflow retention module (20); The solid photocatalytic mesh is a pure titanium wire mesh (22) vertically laid between adjacent baffles (21). The concentrating heat collection module (10) is adaptively coupled with the variable frequency water pump (14). The outlet end of the vacuum heat absorption tube array (13) is equipped with a temperature sensor (15). The temperature sensor (15) is signal-connected to the variable frequency water pump (14) and is used to dynamically adjust the speed of the variable frequency water pump (14) in real time according to the outlet water temperature of the vacuum heat absorption tube array (13).

2. The concentrating solar collector and de-current evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first-level tracking mirror array (11) is a linear mirror group for single-axis tracking; the vacuum heat absorber array (13) is made of high borosilicate glass, and the outer surface of its internal heat absorber tubes is coated with a solar selective absorption coating.

3. The concentrating solar collector and de-current evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the self-balancing liquid distribution module (30) is provided with a V-shaped overflow weir distributor (31), and multiple V-shaped teeth are evenly provided on the upper edge of the weir plate of the V-shaped overflow weir distributor (31).

4. The concentrating solar collector and de-current evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light guide-flow deflector integrated component includes multiple staggered deflector baffles (21), the top of which is higher than the normal liquid level line; the deflector baffles (21) are suspended at the bottom and evenly distributed around the self-balancing liquid distribution module (30), wherein the deflector baffles (21) with the bottom suspended have a water passage gap with the bottom of the tank.

5. The concentrating solar collector and de-current evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top height of the pure titanium wire mesh (22) is lower than or equal to the normal liquid level line; the surface of the pure titanium wire mesh (22) has an integrated titanium dioxide nanotube array inorganic bonding layer grown in situ through anodizing process.

6. The concentrating solar collector and de-current evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wind-driven downflow evaporation and salt removal module (40) is an evaporation tower, with a flexible anti-scaling packing array (41) suspended inside the tower; a positive pressure forced blower (42) is connected to the bottom side wall; an open exhaust port is provided at the top, and a salt collection hopper (44) is provided at the bottom; the flexible anti-scaling packing array (41) is made of high-temperature resistant silicone rope or anti-corrosion braided rope; and a mechanical vibrator (43) is connected to the end of the flexible anti-scaling packing array (41).

7. The concentrating solar collector and de-current evaporator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The system also includes a solar photovoltaic panel (45) installed outside or around the wind-driven downflow evaporation and salt removal module (40). The solar photovoltaic panel (45) is electrically connected to the positive pressure forced blower (42), so that the fan speed of the positive pressure forced blower (42) and the solar irradiance of the system form an adaptive coupling linkage.

8. The method of using the concentrating solar collector and de-current evaporator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, Heating and Liquid Injection: High-salt wastewater is introduced into the vacuum heat absorption tube of the concentrating solar collector module (10) to absorb solar radiation and heat up to the preset temperature range; Step 2, Catalytic Degradation and Pressure Stabilization: The high-temperature and high-salt wastewater, heated to the preset temperature range, falls into the photocatalytic overflow retention module (20). Under the guidance of the light guide-flow deflector integrated component, the high-temperature and high-salt wastewater flows in an S-shape, realizing the buffering and pressure stabilization of the water flow. Step 3, uniformly distributed flow to form a film: The high-temperature and high-salt wastewater after pressure stabilization flows to the self-balancing liquid distribution module (30), and after self-balancing overflow through the V-shaped overflow weir distributor (31), it enters the evaporation tower and flows down by gravity along the flexible anti-scaling packing array (41) in the tower to form a heated liquid film. Step 4, Forced wind-driven evaporation: The solar photovoltaic power generation panel (45) captures light energy and directly drives the bottom positive pressure forced blower (42) to press the room temperature dry air into the tower. The cold dry air rises counter-currently from bottom to top, continuously absorbing the sensible heat and latent heat of water evaporation of the descending wastewater, accelerating the vaporization and peeling of the liquid film water. Step 5, gas-liquid separation and slag discharge: The high-temperature and high-humidity gas, which is full of water, is discharged into the atmosphere from the top of the evaporation tower; the water in the downflow wastewater is drained, and the salt is supersaturated and precipitated on the flexible anti-scaling packing array (41) to form a hard salt shell. The mechanical vibrator (43) is started periodically to break the salt shell and drop it into the salt collection hopper (44) at the bottom, thus completing the solid-liquid separation and zero discharge.

9. The method of use according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step 1, the preset temperature range is 70℃-90℃; in step 4, the introduced room temperature dry air is natural ambient wind.

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