Long-distance sectional hole-expanding pressure-relief and anti-burst method applied to tunnel excavation
By drilling long-distance boreholes in advance before tunnel excavation and monitoring them in real time, and by segmented rotary cutting and enlarging the boreholes and dynamically adjusting the parameters, the problem of interference between depressurization and tunneling processes during tunnel excavation was solved, achieving efficient depressurization and anti-scour effects.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANDONG ENERGY GRP CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-03
Smart Images
Figure CN122328131A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of coal mine rockburst prevention technology, and in particular to an advanced long-distance segmented borehole expansion and pressure relief method for rockburst prevention applied to roadway excavation. Background Technology
[0002] In related technologies, rockburst prevention is a crucial aspect of ensuring safety during coal mine roadway excavation. Currently, the commonly used decompression mode is "drilling and decompression simultaneously," which involves drilling conventional decompression boreholes at the face and sides after each certain distance of excavation. This mode has the following shortcomings: First, the decompression process alternates with the excavation process, creating mutual constraints and resulting in low excavation efficiency; second, the decompression range is limited, only covering the area near the working face and failing to intervene in high-stress concentration areas further ahead; third, the decompression method is singular, mainly relying on ordinary drilling, which is insufficient to effectively reduce the degree of high stress concentration, resulting in rapid stress recovery and a still relatively high risk of rockburst. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore more efficient and thorough decompression and rockburst prevention technologies. Summary of the Invention
[0003] To overcome the problems existing in related technologies, this disclosure provides an advanced long-distance segmented borehole expansion and pressure relief anti-scour method applied to tunnel excavation.
[0004] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method for advanced long-distance segmented borehole enlargement and pressure relief anti-scour applied to tunnel excavation is provided, comprising:
[0005] Before tunnel excavation, the drilling rig is controlled to drill long-distance borehole groups on both sides and the face of the area to be excavated. During the drilling process, multi-dimensional monitoring parameters are collected in real time. The comprehensive discrimination index is calculated by weighting the rate of change of each monitoring parameter relative to the normal coal body benchmark value. The stress level is determined based on the comprehensive discrimination index, and the location and interval length of the high stress concentration area are marked. For the marked high stress concentration area, the length of the hole expansion section and the elastic interval are adjusted according to the stress level, location and interval length. Based on the adjusted hole expansion section length and elastic interval, the drilling rig is controlled to perform segmented rotary hole expansion to form a pressure relief cavity. After completing the enlargement of all boreholes, pressure relief monitoring index values are acquired in real time during the tunnel excavation process. The pressure relief effect index is calculated based on the pressure relief monitoring index values. The tunneling speed and support parameters are dynamically adjusted based on the pressure relief effect index. When the pressure relief effect index is lower than a preset threshold, the drilling rig is controlled to perform dynamic reinforcement enlargement operation.
[0006] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, an advanced long-distance segmented borehole expansion and pressure relief anti-impact device for tunnel excavation is provided, comprising: The discrimination unit is used to control the drilling rig to drill long-distance borehole groups on both sides and the face of the area to be excavated before the tunnel excavation operation, and to collect multi-dimensional monitoring parameters in real time during the drilling process. The comprehensive discrimination index is calculated by weighting the change rate of each monitoring parameter relative to the normal coal body benchmark value. The stress level is determined based on the comprehensive discrimination index, and the location and interval length of the high stress concentration area are marked. The hole-reaming unit is used to adjust the length and elastic interval of the hole-reaming section according to the stress level, location and interval length of the marked high stress concentration area, and to control the drilling machine to perform segmented rotary hole-reaming based on the adjusted hole-reaming section length and elastic interval to form a pressure relief cavity. The reinforcement and enlargement unit is used to acquire pressure relief monitoring index values in real time during the tunnel excavation process after all boreholes have been enlarged. Based on the pressure relief monitoring index values, the pressure relief effect index is calculated. Based on the pressure relief effect index, the tunneling speed and support parameters are dynamically adjusted. When the pressure relief effect index is lower than a preset threshold, the drilling rig is controlled to perform dynamic reinforcement and enlargement operations.
[0007] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, an electronic device includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the method as described in any one of the first aspects.
[0008] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of the first aspects.
[0009] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of the first aspects.
[0010] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure can include the following beneficial effects: The decompression process is moved forward to before tunneling. By controlling the drilling rig to drill long-distance borehole groups and collecting multi-dimensional monitoring parameters in real time to calculate a weighted comprehensive discrimination index, accurate identification of high stress concentration areas and quantitative determination of stress levels are achieved. Based on this, for the marked high stress concentration areas, the length of the enlargement section and the elastic interval are dynamically adjusted according to the stress level, location, and interval length before controlling the drilling rig to perform segmented rotary enlargement. This forms a spatially adapted continuous weakening zone while avoiding excessive instability of the coal body. During tunneling, the decompression effect index is calculated based on the real-time acquired decompression monitoring index values. The tunneling speed and support parameters are dynamically adjusted according to this index, and dynamic reinforcement enlargement operation is initiated in a timely manner when the index is lower than a preset threshold. This constructs a closed-loop anti-impact system of pre-decompression, precise enlargement, and dynamic control, effectively solving technical problems such as mutual interference between decompression and tunneling processes, insufficient decompression in high stress concentration areas, and rapid stress recovery, significantly improving decompression efficiency and anti-impact effect.
[0011] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description
[0012] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
[0013] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an advanced long-distance segmented borehole expansion and pressure relief anti-scour method applied to tunnel excavation, according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating advanced long-distance segmented borehole expansion and pressure relief during tunnel excavation, according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0015] Figure 3 This is a block diagram illustrating an advanced long-distance segmented borehole expansion and pressure relief anti-impact device applied to tunnel excavation, according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0016] Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for an advanced long-distance segmented borehole expansion and pressure relief anti-scour method applied to tunnel excavation, according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0017] Figure Labels 1-Side; 2-Tunneling face; 3-Long-distance borehole; 4-Enlarged borehole area; 5-High stress concentration zone; 6-Tunnel. Detailed Implementation
[0018] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of the invention as detailed in the appended claims.
[0019] The terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. The singular forms “a” and “the” as used in this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0020] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used to describe various information in embodiments of this disclosure, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information without departing from the scope of embodiments of this disclosure, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the words “if” and “suppose” as used herein may be interpreted as “when”, “when”, or “in response to a determination”.
[0021] Furthermore, various forms of processes shown in the embodiments of this disclosure can be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution disclosed in this disclosure can be achieved, and no limitation is imposed herein.
[0022] It should be noted that the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, and disclosure of user personal information involved in the technical solution disclosed herein all comply with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and do not violate public order and good morals.
[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for advanced long-distance segmented borehole enlargement and pressure relief anti-scour technique applied to tunnel excavation, as shown in the example. Figure 1 As shown, it should be noted that the advanced long-distance segmented borehole enlargement and pressure relief anti-scour method for tunnel excavation in this embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to the advanced long-distance segmented borehole enlargement and pressure relief anti-scour device for tunnel excavation. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the method may include the following steps: Step 101: Before the tunnel excavation operation, control the drilling rig to drill long-distance borehole groups on both sides and the face of the area to be excavated, and collect multi-dimensional monitoring parameters in real time during the drilling process. Calculate the comprehensive discrimination index by weighting the rate of change of each monitoring parameter relative to the normal coal body benchmark value, determine the stress level based on the comprehensive discrimination index, and mark the location and interval length of the high stress concentration area.
[0024] In this embodiment of the disclosure, before the tunnel excavation operation, drilling rig control commands can be generated, and the drilling rig can be used to control the drilling rig to drill long-distance borehole groups on both sides and the face of the area to be excavated.
[0025] As an example, the side boreholes are arranged along the roadway direction, while the face boreholes are arranged perpendicular to the roadway excavation direction. The borehole deviation rate is strictly controlled within a preset range to ensure that the borehole trajectory accurately covers potential high stress concentration areas.
[0026] During the drilling process, monitoring equipment collects multi-dimensional monitoring parameters in real time, such as coal dust discharge, drilling pressure, micro-vibration energy, and electromagnetic radiation intensity. The comprehensive discrimination index is calculated by weighting the rate of change of each monitoring parameter relative to the benchmark value of normal coal body. The stress level is determined based on the comprehensive discrimination index, and the location and interval length of the high stress concentration area are marked.
[0027] Specifically, multi-dimensional monitoring parameters can be integrated through weighted calculation to comprehensively reflect the abnormal coupling characteristics of each parameter, avoiding stress zone identification deviation caused by misjudgment of a single parameter; after determining the target preset threshold range where the comprehensive discrimination index is located, the stress level is determined to be low stress, medium stress, high stress or extremely high stress, and the starting depth, ending depth, interval length and stress concentration level of the high stress concentration area are accurately marked.
[0028] It should be noted that by moving the decompression process forward to before tunneling and using multi-parameter fusion to accurately identify high stress concentration areas, the problem of mutual interference between the decompression and tunneling processes is avoided, and a precise positioning basis is provided for subsequent borehole enlargement.
[0029] In some embodiments of this disclosure, step 101 may specifically include the following sub-steps: Step a1: Control the drilling rig to drill long-distance borehole sets on both sides and the face of the area to be excavated.
[0030] As an example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the long-distance boreholes 3 of the sidewall 1 are arranged along the direction of the roadway 6, and the face boreholes are arranged perpendicular to the roadway excavation direction. The borehole deviation rate is strictly controlled within a preset range to ensure that the borehole trajectory accurately covers the potential high stress concentration area. By using the long-distance boreholes 3 drilled in advance, the pressure relief process is moved to before the excavation, avoiding the problem of mutual interference between the pressure relief and excavation processes.
[0031] Step a2 involves collecting multi-dimensional monitoring parameters in real time during the drilling process.
[0032] Specifically, monitoring equipment collects multi-dimensional parameters in real time, such as pulverized coal discharge Q, drilling pressure P, micro-vibration energy E, and electromagnetic radiation intensity R.
[0033] It should be noted that microseismic energy E refers to the elastic wave energy released during coal fracturing, and electromagnetic radiation intensity R refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation signal generated when the coal is under load. Multi-parameter fusion monitoring can more comprehensively reflect the stress state of the coal and improve the accuracy of identifying high stress concentration zones.
[0034] Step a3: Calculate the comprehensive discrimination index S based on the weighted average of the change rates of each monitoring parameter relative to the normal coal seam benchmark value. Specifically, the comprehensive discrimination index S is calculated using the following formula: S=ω1·(Q / Q0)+ω2·(P / P0)+ω3·(E / E0)+ω4·(R / R0) Where Q is the coal dust discharge rate, P is the drilling pressure, E is the micro-vibration energy, R is the electromagnetic radiation intensity, Q0 is the baseline value corresponding to the coal dust discharge rate of normal coal body, P0 is the baseline value corresponding to the drilling pressure of normal coal body, E0 is the baseline value corresponding to the micro-vibration energy of normal coal body, R0 is the baseline value corresponding to the electromagnetic radiation intensity of normal coal body, ω1 is the weighting coefficient of Q, ω2 is the weighting coefficient of P, ω3 is the weighting coefficient of E, ω4 is the weighting coefficient of R, and ω1 + ω2 + ω3 + ω4 = 1.
[0035] In one embodiment, Q / Q0, P / P0, E / E0, and R / R0 can be normalized before calculating S.
[0036] It should be noted that by integrating multi-dimensional monitoring parameters through weighted calculation, the abnormal coupling characteristics of each parameter can be comprehensively reflected, avoiding the stress zone identification deviation caused by misjudgment of a single parameter.
[0037] Step a4: Determine the stress level based on the comprehensive discrimination index, and mark the location and interval length of the high stress concentration area.
[0038] Specifically, the target preset threshold range where the S value is located is determined, and the stress level corresponding to the target preset threshold range is determined; the stress level includes low stress, medium stress, high stress and extremely high stress.
[0039] When the coal powder discharge suddenly increases or decreases, the drilling pressure rises abnormally, the micro-vibration energy increases significantly, or the electromagnetic radiation intensity continues to exceed the standard, the comprehensive discrimination model automatically identifies the section as a high stress concentration zone, marks and records the starting depth, ending depth, interval length, and stress concentration level of the high stress concentration zone, and provides accurate basis for subsequent hole enlargement.
[0040] For example, the mapping relationship between the comprehensive discrimination index S and the stress level and hole-reaming parameters is as follows: When S is less than the first preset threshold (e.g., 1.2), it is determined to be a low-stress area, and hole-reaming is not performed; when S is between the first and second preset thresholds (e.g., 1.2 to 1.5), it is determined to be a medium-stress area, and light hole-reaming is used, with the hole-reaming radius controlled within the first preset radius range (e.g., 125mm to 150mm); when S is between the second and third preset thresholds (e.g., 1.5 to 2.0), it is determined to be a high-stress area, and focused hole-reaming is used, with the hole-reaming radius controlled within the second preset radius range (e.g., 150mm to 200mm); when S is greater than or equal to the third preset threshold (e.g., 2.0), it is determined to be an extremely high-stress area, and enhanced hole-reaming is used, with the hole-reaming radius controlled within the third preset radius range (e.g., 200mm to 300mm). Through the above graded mapping, the stress concentration degree and hole-reaming strength are accurately matched, avoiding the problems of insufficient or excessive pressure relief caused by uniform hole-reaming parameters.
[0041] Understandably, by accurately marking the location and length of high stress concentration areas, targeted positioning of hole enlargement operations can be achieved, avoiding resource waste caused by ineffective hole enlargement.
[0042] Step 102: For the marked high stress concentration area, adjust the length of the hole expansion section and the elastic interval according to the stress level, location and interval length. Based on the adjusted hole expansion section length and elastic interval, control the drilling rig to perform segmented rotary hole expansion to form a pressure relief cavity.
[0043] In this embodiment, for the marked high stress concentration area, the length of the reaming section and the elastic interval are adjusted according to the stress level, location and interval length, wherein the ratio of the reaming section length to the elastic interval is proportional to the stress level; based on the adjusted reaming section length and elastic interval, the drilling rig is controlled to perform segmented rotary reaming, and the rotary reaming drill bit is replaced without withdrawing the drill rod. The reaming radius is calculated according to the comprehensive discrimination index. During the reaming process, high-pressure water or compressed air medium is injected simultaneously to assist in slag removal and weaken the coal body. After the reaming is completed, the cutter wings are retracted and the drill rod is withdrawn to form a pressure relief cavity.
[0044] It should be noted that by dynamically adjusting the borehole expansion parameters according to the stress level, the continuity of pressure relief is ensured, while avoiding the risk of instability caused by excessive coal body crushing.
[0045] In some embodiments of this disclosure, step 102 may specifically include the following sub-steps: Step b1: Adjust the length of the expanded hole section and the elastic interval according to the stress level, location, and interval length.
[0046] As an example, a preset mapping table is obtained; the mapping table includes the mapping relationship between stress level, hole reaming section length, and elastic interval; the hole reaming section length and elastic interval matching the stress level are determined from the mapping table, and the arrangement interval of the hole reaming section in the borehole is determined according to the position and interval length; the ratio of hole reaming section length to elastic interval is proportional to the stress level.
[0047] For example, in low-stress areas, no hole enlargement is performed; only drilling is maintained. In medium-stress areas, the ratio of the enlarged hole length to the elastic interval is controlled between 1.0 and 1.3 to achieve moderate stress relief and maintain structural stability. In high-stress concentration areas, the ratio of the enlarged hole length to the elastic interval is controlled between 2.0 and 3.0 to achieve strong stress relief and prevent stress recovery through short intervals. In extremely high-stress concentration areas, the ratio of the enlarged hole length to the elastic interval is controlled between 4.0 and 8.0 to form a continuous weakening zone.
[0048] It should be noted that by dynamically adjusting the length of the expansion section and the elastic interval, the continuity of pressure relief is ensured, while the risk of instability caused by excessive coal body crushing is avoided.
[0049] Step b2: Based on the adjusted length of the enlarged section and the elastic interval, control the drilling rig to perform segmented rotary enlargement.
[0050] Specifically, a retractable rotary reaming drill bit can be quickly installed without removing the drill rod, and the radial blade deployment angle and axial feed speed of the reaming drill bit are controlled by a hydraulic drive mechanism.
[0051] As an example, the enlargement radius r is calculated using the following formula: r = r0 + k·(S - 1.0) Where r0 is the preset initial drilling radius, and k is the hole enlargement coefficient.
[0052] Based on the stress level determined by the comprehensive discrimination index S, the corresponding reaming radius parameters are adjusted to achieve a precise match between the stress level and the reaming strength. During the reaming process, high-pressure water or compressed air is injected simultaneously. This assists in the removal of drill cuttings from the hole, preventing the drill from getting stuck; furthermore, the penetration and impact of the water medium weakens the integrity of the coal body, reduces its strength, and promotes stress release. After reaming is completed, the cutter blades are retracted, and the drill rod is withdrawn at a uniform speed to the hole opening. The withdrawal speed is controlled within a preset range to avoid disturbing the surrounding coal body.
[0053] Understandably, by segmented rotary cutting and hole enlargement, a continuous annular weakening zone is formed in front of the tunnel excavation, thereby achieving stress release and transfer.
[0054] Step 103: After completing the enlargement construction of all boreholes, the pressure relief monitoring index value is obtained in real time during the tunnel excavation process. The pressure relief effect index is calculated based on the pressure relief monitoring index value. The tunneling speed and support parameters are dynamically adjusted based on the pressure relief effect index. When the pressure relief effect index is lower than the preset threshold, the drilling rig is controlled to perform dynamic reinforcement enlargement operation.
[0055] In this embodiment of the disclosure, after the borehole enlargement construction is completed, pressure relief monitoring index values, including microseismic energy, electromagnetic radiation intensity, and borehole stress gauge readings, are acquired in real time during the tunnel excavation process. The pressure relief effect index is calculated based on the pressure relief monitoring index values, and the tunneling speed and support parameters are adjusted in stages according to the value range of the pressure relief effect index. When the pressure relief effect index is lower than a preset threshold, the drilling rig is controlled to perform dynamic reinforcement enlargement operation. After the dynamic reinforcement enlargement is completed, the pressure relief effect index is recalculated until it recovers to above the preset safety threshold before the tunneling operation can be resumed.
[0056] It should be noted that by driving the linkage control of tunneling parameters and reinforcement and expansion through the pressure relief effect index, a closed-loop anti-impact system of monitoring, evaluation, decision-making and execution was constructed, realizing the synergistic optimization of pressure relief effect and tunneling efficiency.
[0057] In some embodiments of this disclosure, step 103 may specifically include the following sub-steps: Step c1: Obtain the pressure relief monitoring index values in real time.
[0058] Specifically, during the tunnel excavation process, a microseismic monitoring system, electromagnetic radiation monitoring equipment, and borehole stress gauges are used to collect real-time stress relief monitoring indicators such as microseismic energy, electromagnetic radiation intensity, and borehole stress gauge readings.
[0059] Step c2: Calculate the pressure relief effect index D based on the pressure relief monitoring index values.
[0060] As an example, the pressure relief effect index D is calculated using the following formula: D=α1·(E ref / E)+α2·(R ref / R)+α3·(P ref / P bore ) Where E is the average daily total energy of microseismic events, R is the electromagnetic radiation intensity, and P is the total energy of microseismic events. bore E represents the borehole stress gauge reading. ref For the safety threshold corresponding to E, R ref R represents the security threshold, and P represents the security threshold. ref For P bore The corresponding safety thresholds are: α1 is the weighting coefficient corresponding to E, α2 is the weighting coefficient corresponding to R, and α3 is the weighting coefficient corresponding to P. boreThe corresponding weighting coefficients are α1 + α2 + α3 = 1. It can be understood that the larger the pressure relief effect index D is, the better the pressure relief effect.
[0061] It should be noted that by calculating the pressure relief effect index by integrating multiple monitoring indicators, the pressure relief effect can be comprehensively and quantitatively evaluated, providing a scientific basis for adjusting tunneling parameters.
[0062] As an example, the determination of the safety threshold can be based on statistical analysis and field test verification of the stress state of the coal seam under normal tunneling conditions. Specifically, in the early stage of tunnel excavation or in a test area with similar geological conditions, the normal fluctuation range of microseismic energy E, electromagnetic radiation intensity R, and borehole stress gauge reading P_bore under stable tunneling conditions is obtained through continuous monitoring. The upper limit of this range is used as the initial safety threshold. Subsequently, through field fracturing tests or inversion of historical rockburst events, the correlation between different monitoring parameters and the occurrence of rockbursts is analyzed, and the initial threshold is corrected to ensure that the safety threshold can effectively distinguish between normal stress fluctuations and abnormal precursors of danger. In addition, the safety threshold can be dynamically adjusted according to the tunnel depth, geological conditions, and the impact of mining activities to adapt to the rockburst prevention requirements under different working conditions.
[0063] Step c3: Dynamically adjust the tunneling speed and support parameters based on the pressure relief effect index.
[0064] As an example, the tunneling speed and support parameters are adjusted in stages according to the range of the pressure relief effect index D: when D is above the first threshold, it indicates that the pressure relief effect is excellent, and the tunneling speed can be appropriately increased while keeping the support unchanged; when D is in the second threshold range, it indicates that the pressure relief effect is qualified, and the original tunneling speed is maintained; when D is in the third threshold range, it indicates that the pressure relief effect is poor, and the tunneling speed needs to be reduced and the support needs to be densified; when D is below the fourth threshold, it indicates that the pressure relief effect is not up to standard, and tunneling needs to be suspended and dynamic reinforcement and hole enlargement operation needs to be started.
[0065] For example, if D ≥ 1.2: the tunneling speed is increased by 10%~20%, and the support remains unchanged; if 0.8 ≤ D<1.2: the original tunneling speed is maintained; if 0.5 ≤ D<0.8: the speed is reduced by 20%~40%, and the support is densified (+20%); if D<0.5: tunneling is suspended, and dynamic reinforcement and hole enlargement are started.
[0066] Step c4: When the pressure relief effect index is lower than the preset threshold, control the drilling rig to perform dynamic reinforcement and hole enlargement operation.
[0067] Specifically, the dynamic reinforcement and enlargement operation includes two stages: In the first stage, within the first preset distance from the face of the tunneling head, the hole-reaming strength R is calculated using the following formula. t : R t=R0·(V ref / V t ) Where R0 is the reference hole expansion strength, V ref As the benchmark tunneling speed, V t The actual tunneling speed; based on the hole enlargement strength R t Dynamically expand the borehole.
[0068] It should be noted that the hole expansion strength is negatively correlated with the tunneling speed. The faster the tunneling speed, the lower the hole expansion strength, and the slower the tunneling speed, the higher the hole expansion strength. This coupling relationship enables the synergistic evolution of pressure relief and tunneling.
[0069] In the second stage, within a second preset distance from the face, the high stress concentration area in front of the face is subjected to hole filling and enlarging operations, which are carried out alternately with the tunneling process; wherein, the minimum value of the first preset distance range is greater than the maximum value of the second preset distance range, that is, the first stage covers a longer distance range, and the second stage covers a shorter distance range.
[0070] Understandably, by dynamically reinforcing and expanding the borehole in stages and at different distances, it is possible to respond promptly to new stress anomalies during the tunneling process and avoid stress shifting too quickly forward.
[0071] It should be noted that reaming strength refers to the density or degree of reaming operations per unit length of borehole, used to quantify the pressure relief input intensity during the dynamic reinforcement reaming stage. Specifically, reaming strength Rt is expressed by the formula R... t =R0·(V ref / V t The calculation determines the benchmark hole enlargement strength R0, which corresponds to the benchmark tunneling speed V. ref The standard borehole enlargement work volume and actual tunneling speed V t The ratio to the baseline tunneling speed reflects the dynamic impact of tunneling speed variations on pressure relief requirements: when the tunneling speed is high, stress evolution accelerates, requiring higher hole-reaming strength to enhance the pressure relief effect; when the tunneling speed is low, there is ample time for stress release, allowing for a suitable reduction in hole-reaming strength. By introducing hole-reaming strength as a quantitative indicator, a negative correlation between pressure relief input and tunneling speed is achieved, avoiding insufficient or excessive pressure relief caused by tunneling speed variations under fixed-parameter pressure relief methods.
[0072] Step c5: After completing the dynamic reinforcement and hole enlargement, recalculate the pressure relief effect index D until D recovers to above the preset safety threshold, and resume tunneling operations; if D is still below the safety threshold after multiple reinforcements, repeat the dynamic reinforcement and hole enlargement until the standard is met.
[0073] It should be noted that the closed-loop verification mechanism ensures that the pressure relief effect is always in a safe and controllable state, providing continuous protection for the safety of tunnel excavation.
[0074] In this disclosure, the control strategy for the hole-reaming parameters is set differently depending on the hole-reaming stage. Specifically, in the segmented rotary cutting hole-reaming stage described in step 102, that is, the one-time hole-reaming operation performed before tunneling for the identified high-stress concentration area, the hole-reaming radius r is used as the core control parameter. This parameter is calculated and determined based on the comprehensive discrimination index S using the formula r = r0 + k·(S-1.0), and is used to determine the radial dimension of the pressure relief cavity. In the dynamic reinforcement hole-reaming stage described in step 103, that is, the supplementary hole-reaming operation initiated during tunneling when the pressure relief effect index is lower than the preset threshold, the hole-reaming strength R is used. t As a core control parameter, this parameter is determined by the current tunneling speed using the formula R. t =R0·(V ref / V t The calculations determine the construction density and scope for supplementary borehole enlargement. Through these differentiated settings, coordinated control of pre-tunneling depressurization and dynamic reinforcement during tunneling is achieved. This ensures both the initial depressurization effect of the depressurization cavity and the ability to adjust the reinforcement strength in real time according to stress evolution during tunneling.
[0075] In the embodiments of this application, such as Figure 2 As shown, before the tunnel excavation operation, advanced long-distance borehole groups are arranged on both sides of the tunneling area 1 and the tunneling face 2 respectively. The long-distance boreholes 3 are arranged along the direction of the tunnel 6, and the face boreholes are arranged perpendicular to the excavation direction, so that the borehole trajectory accurately covers the potential high stress concentration area in front. During the drilling process, after the location and interval length of the high stress concentration area 5 are identified by real-time monitoring, the high stress concentration area is enlarged in segments by rotary cutting without withdrawing the drill rod. The enlarged area 4 is formed in the corresponding section of the borehole. The pressure relief cavity formed by the enlarged hole forms a continuous weakening zone in front of the tunnel 6, realizing the release and transfer of stress.
[0076] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, the advanced long-distance segmented borehole expansion method for pressure relief and anti-scour in roadway excavation places the pressure relief process before excavation. By controlling the drilling rig to drill advanced long-distance borehole groups and collecting multi-dimensional monitoring parameters in real time to calculate a weighted comprehensive discrimination index, the accurate identification of high stress concentration areas and the quantitative determination of stress levels are achieved. On this basis, for the marked high stress concentration areas, the length of the expansion section and the elastic interval are dynamically adjusted according to the stress level, location and interval length, and then the drilling rig is controlled to perform segmented rotary expansion, forming a spatially adapted continuous weakening zone while avoiding excessive instability of the coal body. During the excavation process, the pressure relief effect index is calculated based on the real-time acquired pressure relief monitoring index values. The excavation speed and support parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the index, and dynamic reinforcement expansion operation is initiated in time when the index is lower than the preset threshold. This constructs a closed-loop anti-scour system with pre-depression, precise expansion and dynamic control, which effectively solves the technical problems of mutual interference between pressure relief and excavation processes, insufficient pressure relief in high stress concentration areas and rapid stress recovery, and significantly improves pressure relief efficiency and anti-scour effect.
[0077] Figure 3 This is a block diagram illustrating an advanced long-distance segmented borehole enlargement and pressure relief anti-surge device applied to tunnel excavation, according to an exemplary embodiment. (Refer to...) Figure 3 The device includes a discrimination unit 301, a hole enlargement unit 302, and a reinforcing hole enlargement unit 303.
[0078] Among them, the discrimination unit 301 is used to control the drilling rig to drill long-distance borehole groups on both sides and the face of the area to be excavated before the roadway excavation operation, and to collect multi-dimensional monitoring parameters in real time during the drilling process. The comprehensive discrimination index is calculated by weighting the change rate of each monitoring parameter relative to the normal coal body benchmark value, and the stress level is determined based on the comprehensive discrimination index. The location and interval length of the high stress concentration area are marked. The hole-reaming unit 302 is used to adjust the length and elastic interval of the hole-reaming section according to the stress level, location and interval length of the marked high stress concentration area, and control the drilling machine to perform segmented rotary hole-reaming based on the adjusted hole-reaming section length and elastic interval to form a pressure relief cavity. The reinforcing and enlarging unit 303 is used to acquire pressure relief monitoring index values in real time during the tunnel excavation process after all boreholes have been enlarged. Based on the pressure relief monitoring index values, it calculates the pressure relief effect index, dynamically adjusts the tunneling speed and support parameters based on the pressure relief effect index, and controls the drilling rig to perform dynamic reinforcing and enlarging operations when the pressure relief effect index is lower than a preset threshold.
[0079] In some embodiments of this application, the discrimination unit 301 may specifically be used for: The comprehensive discriminant index S is calculated using the following formula: S=ω1·(Q / Q0)+ω2·(P / P0)+ω3·(E / E0)+ω4·(R / R0) Where Q is the coal dust discharge rate, P is the drilling pressure, E is the micro-vibration energy, R is the electromagnetic radiation intensity, Q0 is the benchmark value corresponding to the coal dust discharge rate of normal coal body, P0 is the benchmark value corresponding to the drilling pressure of normal coal body, E0 is the benchmark value corresponding to the micro-vibration energy of normal coal body, R0 is the benchmark value corresponding to the electromagnetic radiation intensity of normal coal body, ω1 is the weighting coefficient of Q, ω2 is the weighting coefficient of P, ω3 is the weighting coefficient of E, ω4 is the weighting coefficient of R, and ω1 + ω2 + ω3 + ω4 = 1. Determine the target preset threshold range in which the S value is located, and determine the stress level corresponding to the target preset threshold range; the stress level includes low stress, medium stress, high stress, and extremely high stress.
[0080] In some embodiments of this application, the aperture enlargement unit 302 can specifically be used for: The hole radius r is calculated using the following formula: r = r0 + k·(S - 1.0) Where r0 is the preset initial drilling radius, and k is the hole enlargement coefficient; The drilling rig is controlled to perform segmented rotary reaming based on the reaming radius r, the adjusted reaming section length, and the elastic interval.
[0081] In some embodiments of this application, the aperture enlargement unit 302 can specifically be used for: Obtain the preset mapping table; the mapping table includes the mapping relationship between stress level, hole expansion section length, and elastic interval; The length of the reaming section and the elastic interval matching the stress level are determined from the mapping table, and the arrangement range of the reaming section in the borehole is determined according to the position and interval length; the ratio of the reaming section length to the elastic interval is proportional to the stress level.
[0082] In some embodiments of this application, the reinforcing and expanding hole unit 303 can specifically be used for: The pressure relief effect index D is calculated using the following formula: D=α1·(E ref / E)+α2·(R ref / R)+α3·(P ref / P bore ) Where E is the average daily total energy of microseismic events, R is the electromagnetic radiation intensity, and P is the total energy of microseismic events. bore E represents the borehole stress gauge reading. ref For the safety threshold corresponding to E, R ref R represents the security threshold, and P represents the security threshold. ref For P bore The corresponding safety thresholds are: α1 is the weighting coefficient corresponding to E, α2 is the weighting coefficient corresponding to R, and α3 is the weighting coefficient corresponding to P. boreThe corresponding weighting coefficients, and α1 + α2 + α3 = 1.
[0083] In some embodiments of this application, the reinforcing and expanding hole unit 303 can specifically be used for: Within the first predetermined distance from the face of the tunneling head, the hole enlargement strength R is calculated using the following formula. t : R t =R0·(V ref / V t ) Where R0 is the reference hole expansion strength, V ref As the benchmark tunneling speed, V t This refers to the actual tunneling speed; According to the hole expansion strength R t Dynamically supplement the enlarged hole; Within a second preset distance from the face of the tunneling head, hole filling and enlarging operations are performed in the high stress concentration area in front of the face, and this is carried out alternately with the tunneling process; wherein, the minimum value of the first preset distance range is greater than the maximum value of the second preset distance range.
[0084] In some embodiments of this application, the device may further include a verification unit, which may be used to: recalculate the pressure relief effect index D after completing dynamic reinforcement and hole enlargement until D recovers to above the preset safety threshold and the tunneling operation is resumed; if D is still below the safety threshold after multiple reinforcements, the dynamic reinforcement and hole enlargement is repeated until the standard is met.
[0085] Regarding the apparatus in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which each module performs its operation has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated upon here.
[0086] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, the advanced long-distance segmented borehole expansion and pressure relief anti-impact device for roadway excavation places the pressure relief process before excavation. By controlling the drilling rig to drill advanced long-distance borehole groups and collecting multi-dimensional monitoring parameters in real time to calculate a weighted comprehensive discrimination index, the device achieves accurate identification of high stress concentration areas and quantitative determination of stress levels. Based on this, for the marked high stress concentration areas, the length of the expansion section and the elastic interval are dynamically adjusted according to the stress level, location and interval length before controlling the drilling rig to perform segmented rotary expansion. This forms a spatially adapted continuous weakening zone while avoiding excessive instability of the coal body. During excavation, the pressure relief effect index is calculated based on the real-time acquired pressure relief monitoring index values. The excavation speed and support parameters are dynamically adjusted according to this index. When the index is lower than a preset threshold, dynamic reinforcement expansion operation is initiated in time. This constructs a closed-loop anti-impact system with pre-depression, precise expansion and dynamic control, effectively solving technical problems such as mutual interference between pressure relief and excavation processes, insufficient pressure relief in high stress concentration areas and rapid stress recovery, and significantly improving pressure relief efficiency and anti-impact effect.
[0087] Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for an advanced long-distance segmented borehole enlargement and pressure relief anti-impact method applied to tunnel excavation, according to an exemplary embodiment. For example, apparatus 400 may be an electronic device, such as a mobile phone, computer, digital broadcasting terminal, messaging device, tablet device, personal digital assistant, etc.
[0088] Reference Figure 4 The device 400 may include one or more of the following components: processing component 402, memory 404, power component 406, multimedia component 408, audio component 410, input / output I / O interface 412, sensor component 414, and communication component 416.
[0089] Processing component 402 typically controls the overall operation of device 400, such as operations associated with display, telephone calls, data communication, camera operation, and recording. Processing component 402 may include one or more processors 420 to execute instructions to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described above. Furthermore, processing component 402 may include one or more modules to facilitate interaction between processing component 402 and other components. For example, processing component 402 may include a multimedia module to facilitate interaction between multimedia component 408 and processing component 402.
[0090] Memory 404 is configured to store various types of data to support the operation of device 400. Examples of such data include instructions for any application or method operating on device 400, contact data, phonebook data, messages, pictures, videos, etc. Memory 404 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.
[0091] The power supply component 406 provides power to the various components of the device 400. The power supply component 406 may include a power management system, one or more power sources, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power to the device 400.
[0092] Multimedia component 408 includes a screen that provides an output interface between the device 400 and the user. In some embodiments, the screen may include a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a touch panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touchscreen to receive input signals from the user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touches, swipes, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensors may sense not only the boundaries of the touch or swipe action but also the duration and pressure associated with the touch or swipe operation. In some embodiments, multimedia component 408 includes a front-facing camera and / or a rear-facing camera. When the device 400 is in an operating mode, such as a shooting mode or a video mode, the front-facing camera and / or the rear-facing camera may receive external multimedia data. Each front-facing camera and rear-facing camera may be a fixed optical lens system or have focal length and optical zoom capabilities.
[0093] Audio component 410 is configured to output and / or input audio signals. For example, audio component 410 includes a microphone (MIC) configured to receive external audio signals when device 400 is in an operating mode, such as call mode, recording mode, and voice recognition mode. The received audio signals may be further stored in memory 404 or transmitted via communication component 416. In some embodiments, audio component 410 also includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.
[0094] I / O interface 412 provides an interface between processing component 402 and peripheral interface modules, such as keyboards, click wheels, buttons, etc. These buttons may include, but are not limited to, home buttons, volume buttons, power buttons, and lock buttons.
[0095] Sensor assembly 414 includes one or more sensors for providing status assessments of various aspects of device 400. For example, sensor assembly 414 may detect the on / off state of device 400, the relative positioning of components such as the display and keypad of device 400, changes in the position of device 400 or a component of device 400, the presence or absence of user contact with device 400, the orientation or acceleration / deceleration of device 400, and temperature changes of device 400. Sensor assembly 414 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. Sensor assembly 414 may also include a light sensor, such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor, for use in imaging applications. In some embodiments, sensor assembly 414 may also include an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, a pressure sensor, or a temperature sensor.
[0096] Communication component 416 is configured to facilitate wired or wireless communication between device 400 and other devices. Device 400 can access wireless networks based on communication standards, such as WiFi, 2G, or 3G, or combinations thereof. In one exemplary embodiment, communication component 416 receives broadcast signals or broadcast-related information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In one exemplary embodiment, communication component 416 also includes a near-field communication (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communication. For example, the NFC module may be implemented based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, Infrared Data Association (IrDA) technology, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology, and other technologies.
[0097] In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus 400 may be implemented by one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or other electronic components to perform the methods described above.
[0098] In an exemplary embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions is also provided, such as a memory 404 including instructions, which can be executed by a processor 420 of the device 400 to perform the above-described method. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be a ROM, random access memory (RAM), CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, and optical data storage device, etc.
[0099] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is also provided, including a computer program that implements the above-described method when executed by a processor 420 of the device 400.
[0100] Other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the invention are indicated by the following claims.
[0101] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A method for advanced long-distance segmented borehole enlargement for pressure relief and anti-scour in tunnel excavation, characterized in that, include: Before tunnel excavation, the drilling rig is controlled to drill long-distance borehole groups on both sides and the face of the area to be excavated. During the drilling process, multi-dimensional monitoring parameters are collected in real time. The comprehensive discrimination index is calculated by weighting the rate of change of each monitoring parameter relative to the normal coal body benchmark value. The stress level is determined based on the comprehensive discrimination index, and the location and interval length of the high stress concentration area are marked. For the marked high stress concentration area, the length of the hole expansion section and the elastic interval are adjusted according to the stress level, location and interval length. Based on the adjusted hole expansion section length and elastic interval, the drilling rig is controlled to perform segmented rotary hole expansion to form a pressure relief cavity. After completing the enlargement of all boreholes, pressure relief monitoring index values are acquired in real time during the tunnel excavation process. The pressure relief effect index is calculated based on the pressure relief monitoring index values. The tunneling speed and support parameters are dynamically adjusted based on the pressure relief effect index. When the pressure relief effect index is lower than a preset threshold, the drilling rig is controlled to perform dynamic reinforcement enlargement operation.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The comprehensive discrimination index is calculated by weighting the rate of change of each monitoring parameter relative to the benchmark value of normal coal seam, including: The comprehensive discriminant index S is calculated using the following formula: S=ω1·(Q / Q0)+ω2·(P / P0)+ω3·(E / E0)+ω4·(R / R0) Where Q is the coal dust discharge rate, P is the drilling pressure, E is the micro-vibration energy, R is the electromagnetic radiation intensity, Q0 is the benchmark value corresponding to the coal dust discharge rate of normal coal body, P0 is the benchmark value corresponding to the drilling pressure of normal coal body, E0 is the benchmark value corresponding to the micro-vibration energy of normal coal body, R0 is the benchmark value corresponding to the electromagnetic radiation intensity of normal coal body, ω1 is the weighting coefficient of Q, ω2 is the weighting coefficient of P, ω3 is the weighting coefficient of E, ω4 is the weighting coefficient of R, and ω1 + ω2 + ω3 + ω4 = 1. The determination of stress level based on the comprehensive discrimination index includes: Determine the target preset threshold range in which the S value is located, and determine the stress level corresponding to the target preset threshold range; the stress level includes low stress, medium stress, high stress, and extremely high stress.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method of controlling the drilling rig to perform segmented rotary reaming based on the adjusted reaming section length and elastic interval includes: The hole radius r is calculated using the following formula: r = r0 + k·(S - 1.0) Where r0 is the preset initial drilling radius, and k is the hole enlargement coefficient; Based on the reaming radius r, the adjusted reaming section length, and the elastic interval, the drilling rig is controlled to perform segmented rotary reaming.
4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjustment of the hole expansion section length and elastic interval according to the stress level, location, and interval length includes: Obtain a preset mapping table; the mapping table includes the mapping relationship between stress level, hole expansion section length, and elastic interval; The length of the reaming section and the elastic interval matching the stress level are determined from the mapping table, and the arrangement range of the reaming section in the borehole is determined according to the position and interval length; the ratio of the reaming section length to the elastic interval is proportional to the stress level.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the pressure relief effect index based on the pressure relief monitoring index values includes: The pressure relief effect index D is calculated using the following formula: D=α1·(E ref / E)+α2·(R ref / R)+α3·(P ref / P bore ) Where E is the average daily total energy of microseismic events, R is the electromagnetic radiation intensity, and P is the total energy of microseismic events. bore E represents the borehole stress gauge reading. ref For the safety threshold corresponding to E, R ref R represents the security threshold, and P represents the security threshold. ref For P bore The corresponding safety thresholds are: α1 is the weighting coefficient corresponding to E, α2 is the weighting coefficient corresponding to R, and α3 is the weighting coefficient corresponding to P. bore The corresponding weighting coefficients, and α1 + α2 + α3 = 1.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control of the drilling rig to perform dynamic reinforcement and reaming operations includes: Within the first predetermined distance from the face of the tunneling head, the hole enlargement strength R is calculated using the following formula. t : R t =R0·(V ref / V t ) Where R0 is the reference hole expansion strength, V ref As the benchmark tunneling speed, V t This refers to the actual tunneling speed; According to the hole expansion strength R t Dynamically supplement the enlarged hole; Within a second preset distance from the face of the tunneling head, hole filling and enlarging operations are performed in the high stress concentration area in front of the face, and this is carried out alternately with the tunneling process; wherein, the minimum value of the first preset distance range is greater than the maximum value of the second preset distance range.
7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method also includes: After completing the dynamic reinforcement and hole enlargement, the pressure relief effect index D is recalculated until D recovers to above the preset safety threshold, and the tunneling operation is resumed; if D is still below the safety threshold after multiple reinforcements, the dynamic reinforcement and hole enlargement is repeated until the standard is met.
8. A pre-extension, long-distance segmented borehole expansion and pressure relief anti-impact device for tunnel excavation, characterized in that, include: The discrimination unit is used to control the drilling rig to drill long-distance borehole groups on both sides and the face of the area to be excavated before the tunnel excavation operation, and to collect multi-dimensional monitoring parameters in real time during the drilling process. The comprehensive discrimination index is calculated by weighting the change rate of each monitoring parameter relative to the normal coal body benchmark value. The stress level is determined based on the comprehensive discrimination index, and the location and interval length of the high stress concentration area are marked. The hole-reaming unit is used to adjust the length and elastic interval of the hole-reaming section according to the stress level, location and interval length of the marked high stress concentration area, and to control the drilling machine to perform segmented rotary hole-reaming based on the adjusted hole-reaming section length and elastic interval to form a pressure relief cavity. The reinforcement and enlargement unit is used to acquire pressure relief monitoring index values in real time during the tunnel excavation process after all boreholes have been enlarged. Based on the pressure relief monitoring index values, the pressure relief effect index is calculated. Based on the pressure relief effect index, the tunneling speed and support parameters are dynamically adjusted. When the pressure relief effect index is lower than a preset threshold, the drilling rig is controlled to perform dynamic reinforcement and enlargement operations.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.