Method for monitoring deformation and cracking of face rockfill dam in whole life cycle

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for monitoring deformation and cracking of a rockfill dam throughout its entire life cycle, belonging to the field of water conservancy engineering safety monitoring technology. The method includes the following steps: collecting optical displacement measurement sequences of the dam surface, and organizing rainfall and illumination changes according to a unified time scale to form continuous observation records; establishing rain film illumination condition markers within these records. This invention establishes rain film illumination condition markers by fusing rainfall and illumination change information and extracting the offset profile caused by water film refraction, thereby identifying image position drift under rainy season conditions and improving the stability of dam surface optical displacement observation data. Simultaneously, by locating abrupt coordinate changes and identifying displacement direction reversal segments, a reversal trigger marker is formed, and the measurement rhythm is dynamically adjusted to adapt the observation process to changes in water film coverage, thus obtaining stable and reliable dam displacement measurement results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering safety monitoring technology, specifically to a method for monitoring deformation and cracking of panel rockfill dams throughout their entire life cycle. Background Technology

[0002] Deformation and cracking monitoring throughout the entire life cycle of a rockfill dam with concrete panels refers to the technical process of continuously tracking and dynamically monitoring changes in the dam's structural morphology and crack development throughout the entire process, from engineering construction and initial impoundment to normal operation and long-term service. This process utilizes multiple monitoring methods, including displacement observation, settlement observation, panel joint change observation, and crack monitoring, to continuously record and analyze settlement deformation during the dam filling stage, bending deformation of the panels under water pressure after impoundment, structural displacement caused by temperature changes or uneven foundation settlement during operation, and potential cracking phenomena at the panels or joints. By correlating and organizing various monitoring information within a unified time series, deformation development trends and crack propagation patterns can be identified, and abnormal changes that may affect the dam's seepage prevention performance and structural stability can be detected in a timely manner. This provides a reliable basis for the safe operation assessment, risk warning, and operation and maintenance decisions of rockfill dams with concrete panels.

[0003] The existing technology has the following shortcomings: In existing technologies, during continuous displacement observation of monitoring markers on the surface of rockfill dams using optical methods, a continuous water film easily forms on the dam panel surface during periods of heavy rainfall in the rainy season. When rainfall is prolonged and the thickness of the water film changes continuously, the water film refracts the light entering the optical acquisition device, causing a slight shift in the edge contour of the monitoring markers in the acquired images. Since existing optical recognition processes typically rely on image feature positions for displacement calculation, the position of the monitoring markers in the image is prone to drift under the refraction of the water film, resulting in abnormal changes in the displacement direction calculated by the system, or even reversal of the direction. Furthermore, under fluctuating rainfall intensity or continuous water film flow, the above-mentioned drift phenomenon will occur repeatedly, easily causing the monitoring data to exhibit oscillating characteristics, thus affecting the accurate judgment of the true deformation state of the dam body, and may even lead to misjudgments in the monitoring results.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for monitoring deformation and cracking of panel rockfill dams throughout their entire life cycle, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for monitoring the deformation and cracking of a panel rockfill dam throughout its entire life cycle, comprising the following steps: The optical displacement measurement sequence of the dam surface was collected, and the changes in rainfall and illumination were organized according to a unified time scale to form a continuous observation record. Rain film light condition markers were established in the continuous observation record. Based on the rain film light condition markings, brightness variation analysis was performed on continuous observation records. The offset change profile caused by water film refraction was extracted from the continuous observation records to form a refraction disturbance record. Based on the refraction disturbance record, the measurement coordinates of each frame in the continuous observation record are checked back, the coordinate abrupt change positions are located from the continuous observation record and connected in chronological order to form a list of drift suspicion points; By comparing the consistency of displacement change direction in continuous observation records based on the list of suspected drift points, the direction reversal segments are identified in the corresponding segments of the list of suspected drift points and the change conditions are summarized to form reversal trigger markers. The measurement rhythm of continuous observation records is dynamically adjusted based on the reversal trigger marker. During the water film coverage period, the exposure interval is extended and the tracking step is reduced. During the water film-free coverage period, the exposure interval is shortened and the tracking step is restored to obtain stable displacement measurement results.

[0007] Preferably, the steps for collecting the optical displacement measurement sequence of the dam surface, organizing the rainfall and illumination changes to form a continuous observation record, and establishing a rain film light condition marker are as follows: The observation area on the dam surface is continuously observed to obtain the optical displacement measurement sequence of the dam surface and the rainfall change information and illumination change information are recorded simultaneously. The image records, rainfall intensity records and ambient brightness records are arranged in time correspondence according to a unified time scale to form an observation information sequence. Based on the observation information sequence, images are read, records are compiled, and changes in brightness distribution are formed to create brightness change trajectories. Combined with rainfall intensity records, continuous rainfall time segments and no rainfall time segments are divided. By combining the brightness change trajectory, rainfall intensity records, and ambient brightness records, the changes in light conditions are organized to form a rain film light condition record; Rain film light condition markers are established around each time scale in the observation information sequence to form a continuous observation record.

[0008] Preferably, the steps for forming the refractive perturbation record are as follows: Based on the rain film light condition markings, the time scale in the continuous observation records is divided into rain film covered observation sections and waterless film covered observation sections. In the rain film covered observation sections, the image records are read and the image brightness distribution is sorted to form brightness change records. The brightness change trajectory is formed by comparing and arranging the brightness distribution of images in adjacent time scales around the brightness change record, and the position of the monitoring mark in the image record is read to form the position change trajectory of the monitoring mark; By combining the brightness change trajectory with the monitoring mark position change trajectory, the position change path in the time scale is sorted to form the offset change trajectory, and then arranged to form the offset change outline; A description of the refraction perturbation is established around each time scale in the continuous observation record around the offset change profile, and the refraction perturbation record is formed by arranging them in chronological order.

[0009] Preferably, the steps for forming the list of suspected drift points are as follows: Based on the time scale in the refraction disturbance record, the corresponding time scale is located in the continuous observation record, and the image record is read to extract the monitoring marker measurement coordinates to form a measurement coordinate sequence; The horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​from adjacent time scales in the measurement coordinate sequence are read and organized to form a coordinate change trajectory, which is kept in correspondence with the time scale in the refraction disturbance record. By combining the coordinate change trajectory, the changes in horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​in the continuous time scale are compared, sorted, and the locations of coordinate abrupt changes are identified to form a coordinate abrupt change record sequence; The coordinate mutation record sequence is connected and arranged in chronological order, and a list of drift points is formed by combining time scale information and measurement coordinate information.

[0010] Preferably, the measurement coordinate records in the corresponding time scale are read around the list of suspected drift points, and the changes in the horizontal coordinate values ​​and the changes in the vertical coordinate values ​​are organized to form a displacement change record. The displacement change record is arranged in time correspondence with the time scale in the refraction disturbance record. The time scale information corresponding to the coordinate change position in the continuous time scale is marked with the measurement coordinate information to form a drift point identification sequence.

[0011] Preferably, the steps for comparing the direction of displacement change in continuous observation records based on the list of suspected drift points and identifying direction reversal segments to form reversal trigger markers are as follows: Based on the time scale in the list of suspected drift points, locate the corresponding time segment in the continuous observation record and read the measurement coordinate record to organize the horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​to form the displacement change trajectory. The changes in horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​at adjacent time points along the displacement trajectory are collected and organized to form horizontal and vertical displacement direction records, which are then arranged to form a displacement change direction sequence. By combining the displacement change direction sequence, the consistency of the transverse displacement direction record and the longitudinal displacement direction record in the continuous time scale is compared and identified to form the direction reversal segment record sequence; By organizing the horizontal and vertical coordinate values, rainfall variation information, illumination variation information, and refraction disturbance records around the direction-flipped section record sequence, a change condition record is formed and a reversal trigger mark sequence is established.

[0012] Preferably, the displacement change direction records in the continuous observation records are read around the reversal trigger mark sequence, and the direction reversal section is located by combining the time scale in the drift suspicion list. Within the direction reversal section, the displacement change direction records corresponding to the horizontal coordinate values ​​and the vertical coordinate values ​​are organized. At the same time, the rainfall change information, the illumination change information, and the refraction disturbance records are read and arranged according to time. The change condition records of the direction reversal section are formed around the time-corresponding arrangement results, and the reversal trigger mark association records are established.

[0013] Preferably, the steps for dynamically adjusting the measurement rhythm of continuous observation records based on the reversal trigger marker are as follows: Based on the time scale in the reversal trigger mark, locate the corresponding time segment in the continuous observation record and read the rain film light condition mark record, refraction disturbance record and drift suspicion list record to form an observation state sequence; The observation state sequence was divided into time segments with and without water film coverage based on the rain film light condition markings; By combining the image acquisition time scale of the water film coverage period, the exposure interval record is organized, and the measurement coordinate record is organized to form the tracking stride record, thus forming the exposure interval adjustment structure and the tracking stride adjustment structure. The exposure interval records and tracking stride records were compiled by reading the image acquisition time scale and measurement coordinate records around the time segment without water film coverage, and arranged in chronological order to form a dynamic measurement rhythm record.

[0014] The technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention in the above technical solution are as follows: This invention incorporates rainfall and illumination variation information into the optical displacement measurement sequence of the dam surface and organizes it using a unified time scale. This allows the dam surface observation data to form a continuous observation record within the same time structure. Simultaneously, rain film illumination markers are established within the continuous observation records, enabling accurate identification of the water film formation state on the dam surface under rainfall conditions. Furthermore, by analyzing the brightness variations in the continuous observation records and extracting the offset profile caused by water film refraction, the light path disturbance caused by water film refraction can be continuously recorded. This allows the image position shift caused by water film refraction to be clearly identified in the time series, thereby improving the stability of the dam surface optical displacement observation data under rainy season conditions and ensuring continuous and reliable recording of the dam deformation state under complex environmental conditions.

[0015] This invention involves reviewing the measurement coordinates in continuous observation records based on refraction disturbance records and locating abrupt coordinate changes to form a list of suspected drift points. Then, it compares the direction of displacement changes against this list to identify reversal zones and create reversal trigger markers. Based on these reversal trigger markers, the measurement rhythm in the continuous observation records is dynamically adjusted. This allows the exposure interval and tracking stride within the water film coverage time segment to be adjusted according to the water film state, ensuring the observation rhythm aligns with changes in the dam's optical environment. This maintains the continuity and stability of the displacement measurement process under different water film states, accurately reflecting the true deformation state of the dam and obtaining stable displacement measurement results. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for monitoring deformation and cracking of panel rockfill dams throughout their entire life cycle, as described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that the description of this disclosure will be more complete and fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art.

[0019] This invention provides, for example Figure 1 The method for monitoring the deformation and cracking of a panel rockfill dam throughout its entire life cycle, as shown, includes the following steps: The optical displacement measurement sequence of the dam surface was collected, and the changes in rainfall and illumination were organized according to a unified time scale to form a continuous observation record. Rain film light condition markers were established in the continuous observation record. During continuous observation of the dam surface, the optical displacement observation information and environmental change information of the dam surface are uniformly processed over time and rain film light condition markers are established to form a continuous observation record with complete environmental information correlation. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Continuous observation of the dam surface observation area was conducted to obtain the dam surface optical displacement measurement sequence. Simultaneously, rainfall and illumination variation information were recorded, and the information was organized using a unified time scale. The dam surface optical displacement measurement sequence was recorded as consecutive image frames, each frame accompanied by a precise time stamp. Rainfall variation information was expressed as continuously recorded rainfall intensity data, and illumination variation information was expressed as continuously recorded ambient brightness data. Subsequently, a time series table was established based on the unified time scale, binding each frame of the dam surface optical displacement measurement sequence to its corresponding time scale. Simultaneously, rainfall intensity records from the rainfall variation information were arranged according to the same time scale, and ambient brightness records from the illumination variation information were arranged synchronously, ensuring a correspondence between the dam surface optical displacement measurement sequence, rainfall variation information, and illumination variation information at the same time scale. In the above process, each time scale corresponds to a frame of dam surface image record, a rainfall intensity record, and an ambient brightness record. All time scales are arranged sequentially by time to form an observation information sequence with a unified time structure, so that the dam surface optical displacement measurement sequence, rainfall change information, and illumination change information maintain a synchronous correspondence within the same time frame.

[0020] Based on the observation information sequence formed under a unified time scale, the image records in the dam surface optical displacement measurement sequence are processed frame by frame to analyze brightness changes, and the time segments in the observation information sequence are divided in conjunction with rainfall change information. Specifically, the image records in the observation information sequence are read in chronological order, the overall brightness distribution in each frame is statistically analyzed, and the changes in brightness distribution between consecutive time scales are recorded. The brightness change data in the consecutive time scales are arranged sequentially to form a brightness change trajectory. Simultaneously, the rainfall intensity records corresponding to the same time scale are read, and the rainfall intensity records and brightness change trajectories are time-correlatedly organized, ensuring that each brightness change record has corresponding rainfall intensity information. During this process, the time scale in the observation information sequence is divided into continuous rainfall time segments and no-rainfall time segments based on the rainfall intensity records. Within each continuous rainfall time segment, the brightness change trajectory formed by the change in the dam surface image brightness distribution over time is continuously recorded. This ensures that each time scale in the observation information sequence simultaneously contains image brightness distribution information, brightness change trajectory information, and rainfall intensity information, thus forming a complete brightness change record under a unified time structure.

[0021] After recording brightness changes, the illumination change information is incorporated into the observation information sequence, and the illumination change information is temporally organized to maintain a consistent temporal correspondence between the illumination change information and the dam surface optical displacement measurement sequence and rainfall change information. Specifically, the environmental brightness records in the illumination change information are matched with the time scales in the observation information sequence according to chronological order, ensuring that each time scale has a corresponding environmental brightness record. Based on this, image brightness distribution information, brightness change trajectory information, rainfall intensity information, and environmental brightness records are comprehensively organized. By comparing and organizing the image brightness change trajectory, rainfall intensity changes, and environmental brightness changes in continuous time scales, the light condition change characteristics presented during periods of continuous water film coverage on the dam surface are identified in the observation information sequence. Based on these light condition change characteristics, rain film light condition records are established for each time scale in the observation information sequence, ensuring that each time scale forms a corresponding rain film light condition state description. These rain film light condition state descriptions are arranged chronologically, thus forming a continuously changing rain film light condition record structure in the observation information sequence.

[0022] After forming a rain film illumination record structure in the continuous observation information sequence, a rain film illumination marker is established for each time scale in the observation information sequence. This rain film illumination marker is then uniformly associated with the corresponding time scale's dam surface optical displacement measurement sequence image records, rainfall intensity records, and ambient brightness records. Specifically, a corresponding identifier is established at each time scale position, and the illumination state described in the rain film illumination record is written into this identifier, ensuring that each time scale contains complete rain film illumination marker information. Subsequently, the rain film illumination markers corresponding to all time scales are arranged sequentially according to time, ensuring that each frame of the dam surface optical displacement measurement sequence has a corresponding rain film illumination marker, while maintaining the association between rainfall intensity records and ambient brightness records within the same time scale. Through this process, a continuous observation record is formed that includes the dam surface optical displacement measurement sequence, rainfall variation information, illumination variation information, and rain film illumination marker information. This continuous observation record, under a unified time structure, fully reflects the correspondence between dam surface observation information and environmental change information, thus providing a continuous and complete observation basis for subsequent extraction of the offset change profile caused by water film refraction.

[0023] Based on the rain film light condition markings, brightness variation analysis was performed on continuous observation records. The offset change profile caused by water film refraction was extracted from the continuous observation records to form a refraction disturbance record. Based on the rain film light condition markers already formed in the continuous observation records, the changes in image brightness and the position changes of monitoring markers in the continuous observation records are continuously processed to enable the changes in light paths caused by the water film coverage to form identifiable offset trajectories in the time series. Further processing is then used to form refraction disturbance records. The specific implementation steps are as follows: The observation data in the continuous observation record was read sequentially, one time point at a time. Based on the rain film illumination markers in the continuous observation record, the data was clearly divided into segments. All time points with rain film illumination markers were arranged consecutively to form rain-covered observation segments, while all time points without rain film illumination markers were arranged consecutively to form waterless film-covered observation segments. Within each rain-covered observation segment, the image records from the dam surface optical displacement measurement sequence were read frame by frame. Brightness distribution processing was performed on each frame, sequentially reading the brightness values ​​of all pixels in the image record and processing them according to the horizontal and vertical directions of the image. The brightness distribution is recorded row by row and column by column to form an image brightness distribution description for the corresponding time scale. At the same time, the image brightness distribution descriptions between adjacent time scales are arranged in chronological order, so that each time scale has a brightness distribution state record corresponding to the previous time scale and a brightness distribution state record corresponding to the current time scale. The above brightness distribution state records are kept in correspondence with the rainfall change information and illumination change information in the same time scale. This allows the brightness distribution state records to reflect the brightness change process of the dam surface image formed by the combined effect of rainfall change information and illumination change information in a unified time structure, thereby forming a complete and continuous brightness change record structure in the rain-covered observation section.

[0024] After forming the brightness change recording structure, the image brightness distribution description in the continuous time scale is compared and organized on a time-by-time scale. By continuously comparing and recording the image brightness distribution description between adjacent time scales, a brightness change relationship is formed for each group of adjacent time scales. All brightness change relationships are arranged sequentially according to time to form a brightness change trajectory. During the formation of the brightness change trajectory, the dam surface optical displacement measurement sequence image records in the continuous observation records are read simultaneously, and the image position corresponding to the monitoring mark is located in each frame of the image record. By recording the pixel position of the monitoring mark in the image frame by frame, the position change of the monitoring mark in the continuous time scale can form a continuous position change trajectory. The position change trajectory of the monitoring mark and the brightness change trajectory are correspondingly organized in the same time scale, so that each time scale contains both image brightness change information and monitoring mark position change information. By arranging the information corresponding to all time scales sequentially, a continuous correspondence structure between the brightness change trajectory and the monitoring mark position change trajectory is formed in the rain film covered observation section.

[0025] After establishing a correspondence between the brightness change trajectory and the monitoring marker position change trajectory, the correspondence is continuously organized on a time-scale basis, so that each time scale forms a complete information recording structure. This information recording structure simultaneously includes a description of image brightness distribution, brightness change relationship, and monitoring marker position change information. By continuously observing and organizing the above information recording structure, the image offset change trajectory caused by the change in light path due to the continuous water film coverage on the dam surface is identified in the rain film covered observation section. During the organization process, the monitoring marker position change trajectory is recorded on a time-scale basis, so that the pixel position change of the monitoring marker in the image can form a continuous position change path. This position change path is then organized with the brightness change trajectory in time correspondence. By continuously recording the direction and magnitude of the change in the monitoring marker position in the time series, the light path change caused by the water film coverage can form a continuous offset change trajectory in the continuous observation record. All offset change trajectories are then continuously arranged in time order, thereby forming an offset change contour that reflects the effect of water film refraction in the rain film covered observation section.

[0026] After organizing the offset change contours in the continuous observation records, these contours are recorded line by line according to a unified time scale. A corresponding refraction disturbance information record is established at each time scale position in the continuous observation records, ensuring that each time scale forms a corresponding refraction disturbance description. During the recording process, the refraction disturbance description is uniformly associated with the rain film light condition markers, image brightness distribution descriptions, and monitoring marker position change information at the same time scale. This ensures that the refraction disturbance description reflects the correspondence between changes in monitoring marker position and brightness. The refraction disturbance descriptions corresponding to all time scales are arranged sequentially in chronological order to form a continuous recording structure, thus creating a complete refraction disturbance record in the continuous observation records. This allows the refraction disturbance record to continuously reflect the offset change process caused by changes in the light path under the water film coverage state on the dam surface, maintaining a unified temporal correspondence with various types of observation information in the continuous observation records. This provides a continuous and complete data foundation for subsequently retrieving the measurement coordinates of each frame in the continuous observation records and locating coordinate abrupt change positions based on the refraction disturbance record.

[0027] Based on the refraction disturbance record, the measurement coordinates of each frame in the continuous observation record are checked back, the coordinate abrupt change positions are located from the continuous observation record and connected in chronological order to form a list of drift suspicion points; Based on the refraction disturbance records already formed in the continuous observation records, the optical displacement measurement coordinates of the dam surface in the corresponding time intervals of the refraction disturbance records are reviewed frame by frame to ensure that the abnormal coordinate changes caused by the water film refraction can be continuously identified in the continuous observation records. A list of suspected drift points is then formed by connecting them in chronological order. The specific implementation steps are as follows: The process involves reading each time scale in the refraction disturbance record in chronological order and establishing a corresponding positioning relationship in the continuous observation record based on the time scale in the refraction disturbance record. After establishing this relationship, the process proceeds step by step to the corresponding time scale position in the continuous observation record, reading the image record corresponding to that time scale in the dam surface optical displacement measurement sequence, and extracting the measurement coordinate information of the monitoring marker from the image record. While reading the measurement coordinate information, the horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​corresponding to that time scale are recorded simultaneously. The horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​are then written into the coordinate record sequence in chronological order, ensuring that each time scale forms a complete measurement coordinate record. At the same time, the measurement coordinate record maintains a correspondence with the time scale in the refraction disturbance record. By continuously reading all time scales within the time segment covered by the refraction disturbance record, the measurement coordinates in the continuous observation record form a continuously arranged measurement coordinate sequence in chronological order, thus forming a complete and continuous measurement coordinate record structure within the corresponding time segment of the refraction disturbance record.

[0028] After forming the measurement coordinate sequence, each time scale in the measurement coordinate sequence is processed by time-scale coordinate change. During the processing, the measurement coordinate records of adjacent time scales are read in chronological order. The horizontal coordinate values ​​of the previous time scale and the horizontal coordinate values ​​of the next time scale are recorded sequentially. At the same time, the vertical coordinate values ​​of the previous time scale and the vertical coordinate values ​​of the next time scale are recorded sequentially. This ensures that each set of adjacent time scales has both horizontal and vertical coordinate change records. These horizontal and vertical coordinate change records are then arranged continuously in chronological order. During the arrangement process, each coordinate change record is kept consistent with the corresponding time scale in the refraction disturbance record. This results in a complete coordinate change trajectory in the continuous observation record. This coordinate change trajectory can continuously reflect the position change path of the monitoring marker in the image record and maintain the temporal correlation with the refraction disturbance record.

[0029] After the coordinate change trajectory is formed, it is observed and organized on a time-scale basis. During the organization process, each set of coordinate change records in the coordinate change trajectory is read in chronological order. The horizontal coordinate value of the current time scale is continuously compared with the horizontal coordinate value of the previous time scale, and the vertical coordinate value of the current time scale is continuously compared with the vertical coordinate value of the previous time scale. When the horizontal or vertical coordinate value of a certain time scale changes position relative to the previous time scale and deviates from the continuous coordinate path, a coordinate abrupt change record is established at that time scale position. This coordinate abrupt change record is associated with the measurement coordinate record of the corresponding time scale, and also associated with the corresponding time scale in the refraction disturbance record. This ensures that each coordinate abrupt change record contains time scale information, horizontal coordinate value, and vertical coordinate value. All the identified coordinate abrupt change records are arranged in chronological order to form a complete sequence of coordinate abrupt change position records in the continuous observation record.

[0030] After organizing the coordinate abrupt change location record sequence, the sequence is connected one by one according to the time scale. During the connection process, a corresponding time marker is established for each coordinate abrupt change location, and the time marker is uniformly recorded with the horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​of the corresponding time scale. This ensures that each coordinate abrupt change location forms a complete anomalous location record, while maintaining the time correspondence between the anomalous location record and the measurement coordinate records and refraction disturbance records in the continuous observation records. By continuously arranging all coordinate abrupt change locations in chronological order, a drift suspicion list is formed in the continuous observation records. This drift suspicion list can continuously record the coordinate abrupt change locations that appear in the corresponding time segment of the refraction disturbance records, and maintains that each coordinate abrupt change location has corresponding time scale information and measurement coordinate information. This provides a continuous and complete time series basis for subsequent consistency comparison of the displacement change direction in the continuous observation records based on the drift suspicion list.

[0031] By comparing the consistency of displacement change direction in continuous observation records based on the list of suspected drift points, the direction reversal segments are identified in the corresponding segments of the list of suspected drift points and the change conditions are summarized to form reversal trigger markers. Based on the list of suspected drift points already formed in the continuous observation records, the displacement change direction in the corresponding time segment of the list of suspected drift points is sorted out time-by-time to ensure that the displacement direction change of the monitoring markers in the continuous time series can be continuously recorded. In this continuous record, the direction reversal segment is identified and a reversal trigger mark is formed. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Read each time scale in the list of suspected drift points in chronological order, and locate the corresponding time segment in the continuous observation record based on the time scale in the list of suspected drift points. After locating the time segment, read the measurement coordinate records within that time segment in the continuous observation record one by one. During the reading process, record the horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​in each time scale, and arrange the horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​in chronological order to form a continuous coordinate sequence. After the continuous coordinate sequence is formed, organize the displacement change path according to the coordinate change relationship between adjacent time scales. In the displacement change path, record the horizontal and vertical movement changes of the monitoring mark in the continuous time scale in sequence, so that the position change of the monitoring mark in the continuous time scale forms a complete and continuous displacement change trajectory. At the same time, maintain the correspondence between the displacement change trajectory and the time scale in the list of suspected drift points, thereby forming a displacement change record structure in the continuous observation record that corresponds to the list of suspected drift points.

[0032] After forming the displacement change record structure, the displacement change trajectory in the continuous time scale is organized in a time-scale direction. During the organization process, the horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​in adjacent time scales are read in chronological order. The horizontal displacement direction record is formed by recording the horizontal coordinate change between the current time scale and the previous time scale, and the vertical displacement direction record is formed by recording the vertical coordinate change between the current time scale and the previous time scale. After forming the horizontal and vertical displacement direction records, the horizontal and vertical displacement direction records corresponding to each time scale are arranged in chronological order to form a displacement change direction sequence. The displacement change direction sequence is kept consistent with the time scale in the drift suspicion list, so that each time scale in the continuous observation record contains the corresponding displacement change direction record and the corresponding measurement coordinate record, thus forming a complete displacement change direction sequence in the continuous observation record.

[0033] After forming the displacement change direction sequence, the direction consistency of each time scale in the displacement change direction sequence is compared. During the comparison, the direction records in the displacement change direction sequence are read in chronological order, and the lateral displacement direction record in the current time scale is compared with the lateral displacement direction record in the previous time scale. At the same time, the longitudinal displacement direction record in the current time scale is compared with the longitudinal displacement direction record in the previous time scale. When the lateral displacement direction record or the longitudinal displacement direction record in a certain time scale shows an opposite change state relative to the previous time scale, a direction reversal record is established at that time scale position. The lateral coordinate value, longitudinal coordinate value, and lateral displacement direction change information and longitudinal displacement direction change information corresponding to that time scale are recorded in the direction reversal record. At the same time, the direction reversal record is associated with the corresponding time scale in the drift suspicion list, and all direction reversal records are arranged in chronological order, thereby forming a direction reversal segment record sequence in the continuous observation record.

[0034] After the direction reversal segment recording sequence is formed, the time segment of the direction reversal segment recording sequence is organized. During the organization process, the time scales in the direction reversal records are read in chronological order, and the direction reversal records appearing in consecutive time scales are connected to form a complete direction reversal segment. In each direction reversal segment, the horizontal coordinate values, vertical coordinate values, horizontal displacement direction change information, and vertical displacement direction change information corresponding to each time scale within the segment are recorded. At the same time, the rainfall change information, illumination change information, and refraction disturbance record information in the continuous observation records within the segment are also recorded. By uniformly organizing the above information, each direction reversal segment forms a corresponding change condition record. After completing the organization of the change condition records, a reversal trigger mark is established for each direction reversal segment, and the reversal trigger mark is linked to the displacement change direction record, measurement coordinate record, drift suspicion list record, and refraction disturbance record in the corresponding time scale in a unified time relationship. By arranging all the reversal trigger marks in chronological order, a reversal trigger mark sequence is formed in the continuous observation records, thereby providing a continuous time basis for subsequent adjustments to the measurement rhythm in the continuous observation records based on the reversal trigger marks.

[0035] The measurement rhythm of continuous observation records is dynamically adjusted based on the reversal trigger marker. During the water film coverage period, the exposure interval is extended and the tracking step is reduced. During the water film-free period, the exposure interval is shortened and the tracking step is restored to obtain stable displacement measurement results. Based on the reversal trigger markers already formed in the continuous observation records, the observation status in the time intervals corresponding to the reversal trigger markers is processed on a time-by-time scale. This allows the image acquisition rhythm and displacement tracking rhythm in the continuous observation records to be dynamically adjusted according to the water film coverage status, thereby maintaining the stability and continuity of the displacement measurement process under different observation states. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Read the reversal trigger markers in the continuous observation records in chronological order, and locate the corresponding time segment in the continuous observation records according to the time scale in the reversal trigger markers. After the location is completed, read the rain film light condition marker records, refraction disturbance records, and drift suspicion list records in the time segment one by one. Organize the above records by using a unified time scale so that each time scale forms a complete observation status record. In the observation status record, record the rain film light condition status, refraction disturbance change status, and drift suspicion occurrence status of the corresponding time scale. Arrange all observation status records in chronological order to form an observation status sequence. After the observation status sequence is formed, divide the time scale in the continuous observation records into segments according to the rain film light condition markers. Arrange the time scales that indicate the presence of water film in the rain film light condition markers to form water film coverage time segments. At the same time, arrange the time scales that indicate the absence of water film in the rain film light condition markers to form no water film coverage time segments. This makes each time scale in the continuous observation records have a clear observation status segment identifier.

[0036] After dividing the time periods into those with and without water film coverage, the image acquisition time intervals in the continuous observation records are processed on a time-by-time scale. Within the water film coverage time period, the image acquisition time scales in the continuous observation records are read in chronological order, and the time intervals between adjacent image acquisition time scales are recorded. By rearranging adjacent image acquisition time scales in the water film coverage time period, the new image acquisition time scales are arranged in the continuous time series according to extended time intervals. During the rearrangement process, a fixed time interval record is added between every two adjacent image acquisition time scales, so that the image acquisition time series in the water film coverage time period forms a new exposure interval record. The new exposure interval record is written into the corresponding time scale position in the continuous observation records in chronological order, so that each water film coverage time scale corresponds to a clear exposure interval record, thereby forming an exposure interval adjustment structure corresponding to the water film coverage time period in the continuous observation records.

[0037] After forming the exposure interval adjustment structure corresponding to the water film coverage time segment, the monitoring marker displacement tracking path in the continuous observation record is organized on a time-by-time scale. Within the water film coverage time segment, the measurement coordinate records in the continuous observation record are read in chronological order, and the changes in the horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​in adjacent time scales are recorded. After recording, a tracking step record is formed based on the coordinate change path in the continuous time scale. By rearranging the tracking step records in the continuous time scale, the tracking step records in the water film coverage time segment are distributed according to the extended time scale, so that the tracking step records in the continuous time scale form an intermittent arrangement structure, thereby reducing the tracking step density in the continuous time series. The rearranged tracking step records are written into the corresponding time scale position in the continuous observation record in chronological order, so that each water film coverage time scale has a corresponding tracking step record, thus forming a tracking step adjustment structure corresponding to the exposure interval adjustment structure in the continuous observation record.

[0038] After completing the recording and tracking stride records for the water film-covered time period, the observation rhythm for the water film-free time period was restored. During this restoration process, the image acquisition time scales for the water film-free time period were read sequentially, and the exposure intervals between adjacent time scales were restored to the original time arrangement in the continuous observation records. Simultaneously, the measurement coordinate records for the water film-free time period were read sequentially, and the changes in horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​between adjacent time scales were arranged in the original time arrangement to form the tracking stride records. The restored exposure interval records and tracking stride records were then written into the continuous observation records in chronological order. The corresponding time scale positions in the measurement records ensure that the image acquisition rhythm and displacement tracking rhythm remain continuous and stable during the waterless film coverage time segment. After completing the organization of all time scales for both the water-covered and waterless film coverage time segments, all exposure interval records and tracking step length records are continuously arranged in chronological order. This ensures that each time scale in the continuous observation records contains corresponding exposure interval and tracking step length information, thereby forming a measurement rhythm structure that is dynamically adjusted according to the water film coverage state throughout the continuous observation process. This allows the displacement changes of the monitoring marker in the continuous time scale to be recorded stably under different observation conditions, thus obtaining stable displacement measurement results.

[0039] This invention incorporates rainfall and illumination variation information into the optical displacement measurement sequence of the dam surface and organizes it using a unified time scale. This allows the dam surface observation data to form a continuous observation record within the same time structure. Simultaneously, rain film illumination markers are established within the continuous observation records, enabling accurate identification of the water film formation state on the dam surface under rainfall conditions. Furthermore, by analyzing the brightness variations in the continuous observation records and extracting the offset profile caused by water film refraction, the light path disturbance caused by water film refraction can be continuously recorded. This allows the image position shift caused by water film refraction to be clearly identified in the time series, thereby improving the stability of the dam surface optical displacement observation data under rainy season conditions and ensuring continuous and reliable recording of the dam deformation state under complex environmental conditions.

[0040] This invention involves reviewing the measurement coordinates in continuous observation records based on refraction disturbance records and locating abrupt coordinate changes to form a list of suspected drift points. Then, it compares the direction of displacement changes against this list to identify reversal zones and create reversal trigger markers. Based on these reversal trigger markers, the measurement rhythm in the continuous observation records is dynamically adjusted. This allows the exposure interval and tracking stride within the water film coverage time segment to be adjusted according to the water film state, ensuring the observation rhythm aligns with changes in the dam's optical environment. This maintains the continuity and stability of the displacement measurement process under different water film states, accurately reflecting the true deformation state of the dam and obtaining stable displacement measurement results.

[0041] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring deformation and cracking throughout the entire life cycle of a panel rockfill dam, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The optical displacement measurement sequence of the dam surface was collected, and the changes in rainfall and illumination were organized according to a unified time scale to form a continuous observation record. Rain film light condition markers were established in the continuous observation record. Based on the rain film light condition markings, brightness variation analysis was performed on continuous observation records. The offset change profile caused by water film refraction was extracted from the continuous observation records to form a refraction disturbance record. Based on the refraction disturbance record, the measurement coordinates of each frame in the continuous observation record are checked back, the coordinate abrupt change positions are located from the continuous observation record and connected in chronological order to form a list of drift suspicion points; By comparing the consistency of displacement change direction in continuous observation records based on the list of suspected drift points, the direction reversal segments are identified in the corresponding segments of the list of suspected drift points and the change conditions are summarized to form reversal trigger markers. The measurement rhythm of continuous observation records is dynamically adjusted based on the reversal trigger marker. During the water film coverage period, the exposure interval is extended and the tracking step is reduced. During the water film-free coverage period, the exposure interval is shortened and the tracking step is restored to obtain displacement measurement results.

2. The method for monitoring the deformation and cracking of a panel rockfill dam throughout its entire life cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for collecting optical displacement measurement sequences on the dam surface, organizing rainfall and illumination changes to form continuous observation records, and establishing rain film illumination condition markers are as follows: The observation area on the dam surface is continuously observed to obtain the optical displacement measurement sequence of the dam surface and the rainfall change information and illumination change information are recorded simultaneously. The image records, rainfall intensity records and ambient brightness records are arranged in time correspondence according to a unified time scale to form an observation information sequence. Based on the observation information sequence, images are read, records are compiled, and changes in brightness distribution are formed to create brightness change trajectories. Combined with rainfall intensity records, continuous rainfall time segments and no rainfall time segments are divided. By combining the brightness change trajectory, rainfall intensity records, and ambient brightness records, the changes in light conditions are organized to form a rain film light condition record; Rain film light condition markers are established around each time scale in the observation information sequence to form a continuous observation record.

3. The method for monitoring the deformation and cracking of a panel rockfill dam throughout its entire life cycle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps for forming a refraction perturbation record are as follows: Based on the rain film light condition markings, the time scale in the continuous observation records is divided into rain film covered observation sections and waterless film covered observation sections. In the rain film covered observation sections, the image records are read and the image brightness distribution is sorted to form brightness change records. The brightness change trajectory is formed by comparing and arranging the brightness distribution of images in adjacent time scales around the brightness change record, and the position of the monitoring mark in the image record is read to form the position change trajectory of the monitoring mark; By combining the brightness change trajectory with the monitoring mark position change trajectory, the position change path in the time scale is sorted to form the offset change trajectory, and then arranged to form the offset change outline; A description of the refraction perturbation is established around each time scale in the continuous observation record around the offset change profile, and the refraction perturbation record is formed by arranging them in chronological order.

4. The method for monitoring the deformation and cracking of a panel rockfill dam throughout its entire life cycle according to claim 3, characterized in that, The steps to create the list of suspected drift points are as follows: Based on the time scale in the refraction disturbance record, the corresponding time scale is located in the continuous observation record, and the image record is read to extract the monitoring marker measurement coordinates to form a measurement coordinate sequence; The horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​from adjacent time scales in the measurement coordinate sequence are read and organized to form a coordinate change trajectory, which is kept in correspondence with the time scale in the refraction disturbance record. By combining the coordinate change trajectory, the changes in horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​in the continuous time scale are compared, sorted, and the locations of coordinate abrupt changes are identified to form a coordinate abrupt change record sequence; The coordinate mutation record sequence is connected and arranged in chronological order, and a list of drift points is formed by combining time scale information and measurement coordinate information.

5. The method for monitoring the deformation and cracking of a panel rockfill dam throughout its entire life cycle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The measurement coordinate records in the corresponding time scale are read from the list of suspected drift points, and the changes in the horizontal coordinate values ​​and the vertical coordinate values ​​are organized to form displacement change records. The displacement change records are arranged in time correspondence with the time scale in the refraction disturbance records. The time scale information corresponding to the coordinate change position in the continuous time scale is marked with the measurement coordinate information to form a drift point identification sequence.

6. The method for monitoring the deformation and cracking of a panel rockfill dam throughout its entire life cycle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steps for comparing the consistency of displacement change directions in continuous observation records based on the list of suspected drift points and identifying direction reversal segments to form reversal trigger markers are as follows: Based on the time scale in the list of suspected drift points, locate the corresponding time segment in the continuous observation record and read the measurement coordinate record to organize the horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​to form the displacement change trajectory. The changes in horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​at adjacent time points along the displacement trajectory are collected and organized to form horizontal and vertical displacement direction records, which are then arranged to form a displacement change direction sequence. By combining the displacement change direction sequence, the consistency of the transverse displacement direction record and the longitudinal displacement direction record in the continuous time scale is compared and identified to form the direction reversal segment record sequence; By organizing the horizontal and vertical coordinate values, rainfall variation information, illumination variation information, and refraction disturbance records around the direction-flipped section record sequence, a change condition record is formed and a reversal trigger mark sequence is established.

7. The method for monitoring the deformation and cracking of a panel rockfill dam throughout its entire life cycle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The displacement change direction records in the continuous observation records are read around the reversal trigger mark sequence, and the direction reversal section is located by combining the time scale in the drift suspicion list. Within the direction reversal section, the displacement change direction records corresponding to the horizontal coordinate values ​​and the vertical coordinate values ​​are organized. At the same time, the rainfall change information, the illumination change information, and the refraction disturbance records are read and arranged according to time correspondence. The change condition records of the direction reversal section are formed based on the time correspondence arrangement results, and the reversal trigger mark association records are established.

8. The method for monitoring the deformation and cracking of a panel rockfill dam throughout its entire life cycle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The steps for dynamically adjusting the measurement rhythm of continuous observation records based on the reversal trigger marker are as follows: Based on the time scale in the reversal trigger mark, locate the corresponding time segment in the continuous observation record and read the rain film light condition mark record, refraction disturbance record and drift suspicion list record to form an observation state sequence; The observation state sequence was divided into time segments with and without water film coverage based on the rain film light condition markings; By combining the image acquisition time scale of the water film coverage period, the exposure interval record is organized, and the measurement coordinate record is organized to form the tracking stride record, thus forming the exposure interval adjustment structure and the tracking stride adjustment structure. The exposure interval records and tracking stride records were compiled by reading the image acquisition time scale and measurement coordinate records around the time segment without water film coverage, and arranged in chronological order to form a dynamic measurement rhythm record.

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