Universal testing machine for testing the mechanical properties of modified plastics

Abstract

This invention relates to mechanical property testing, and more specifically to the field of solid material strength testing technology. It discloses a universal testing machine for testing the mechanical properties of modified plastics. The universal testing machine includes a functional section connected to a mounting section. The mounting section is sequentially connected to a positioning section, a control section, a compensation section, a locking section, and a detection section. The mounting section includes a mounting arm with a centrally located through-hole. The positioning section includes a wedge block one and a wedge block two, with the wedge surface of wedge block one and the wedge surface of wedge block two fitting together. Through the hydraulic linkage of a bidirectional hydraulic pump cylinder unit, a double-acting hydraulic rod, and a single-acting hydraulic rod, combined with real-time signal feedback from a pressure sensor, adaptive compensation of the clamping force with sample deformation is achieved. This differs from existing fixed clamping force structures, eliminating test deviations caused by clamping force fluctuations during testing and improving the accuracy and stability of mechanical property testing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to mechanical property testing, and more specifically to the field of solid material strength testing technology, specifically a universal material testing machine for testing the mechanical properties of modified plastics. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the polymer materials industry, modified plastics are widely used in many fields such as industrial manufacturing, electronics, and mechanical structural parts due to their excellent comprehensive properties. Their tensile, torsional, and compressive mechanical properties are the core indicators for evaluating material quality and reliability.

[0003] In actual production and R&D testing, the universal testing machine is the mainstream testing equipment. It mainly relies on clamps to fix the sample, the drive mechanism to apply the corresponding load, and then the force and displacement sensing unit to collect data to finally complete the evaluation of the mechanical properties of the material. It is a standardized testing method widely used in the industry.

[0004] Currently used universal testing machines in the industry mostly employ rigid clamping structures in the sample clamping and loading testing stages. Furthermore, they lack coordinated control logic between the sensing and clamping actuators, failing to achieve dynamic matching and adaptive adjustment of the clamping state based on real-time sensor signals. When clamping modified plastic samples, these devices typically use a preset clamping force to directly achieve rigid clamping, unable to respond in real-time to the sample contact state, clamping positioning information, and deformation during the testing process. This easily leads to stress concentration at the sample clamping end, causing localized crushing, deformation, or damage to the clamping area. Simultaneously, fluctuations in the clamping force directly affect the stability of the loading process, ultimately causing test data to deviate from the true values, making it difficult to meet the high-precision, non-destructive, stable, and reliable testing requirements for modified plastics. Therefore, this paper proposes a universal testing machine for testing the mechanical properties of modified plastics to address the aforementioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a universal testing machine for testing the mechanical properties of modified plastics. It solves the problems of traditional universal testing machines, such as the lack of coordinated control between the clamping structure and sensing detection, the inability to adaptively adjust the clamping state based on real-time sensing signals, and the tendency to cause stress concentration, damage, and distortion of test data at the sample clamping end.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a universal testing machine for testing the mechanical properties of modified plastics, comprising a universal testing machine, wherein the universal testing machine is provided with a functional part, and a mounting part is connected to the functional part. The mounting part is sequentially connected with a positioning part, a control part, a compensation part, a locking part, and a detection part. The mounting part includes a mounting arm, and a through hole is centrally located on the mounting arm. The positioning part includes a wedge block one and a wedge block two, the wedge surface of the wedge block one and the wedge surface of the wedge block two are fitted together, the wedge block one and the wedge block two are slidably connected in the through hole, and a mounting plate is fixedly connected between the inner walls of the through hole. A double-acting hydraulic rod is vertically mounted on the mounting plate, and a connecting plate is fixedly connected to the movable end of the double-acting hydraulic rod. The connecting plate is fixedly connected to the wedge block one. A corrugated clamp and a limiting frame are fixedly connected to one side of the wedge block two, and a flexible bladder is installed on the inner wall of the limiting frame.

[0007] Preferably, the mounting part further includes a right-angle groove, which is formed at the bottom of the mounting arm. A rod hole is formed on one side of the inner wall of the right-angle groove, and a guide plate is fixedly connected to the other side of the inner wall of the right-angle groove. A sliding hole is formed on both sides of the inner wall of the through hole. Limiting plates are fixedly connected to both sides of the outer wall of the mounting arm. The limiting plates and the guide plates are arranged parallel to each other. An equipment groove is formed at the top of the mounting arm.

[0008] Preferably, both sides of the wedge block are fixedly connected to sliding columns, and the sliding columns on both sides of the wedge block are slidably connected to the sliding holes on both sides of the through hole.

[0009] Preferably, the second wedge is a hollow structure, the control unit includes a miniature precision air pump, the miniature precision air pump is installed on the inner wall of the second wedge, a solenoid valve is installed on the air port of the miniature precision air pump, the solenoid valve is connected to the flexible bladder through a limiting frame, a photosensitive sensor is installed on the outer wall of the limiting frame, and one side of the first wedge is in contact with the photosensitive sensor.

[0010] Preferably, the compensation unit includes a bidirectional hydraulic pump cylinder unit, which is installed on the inner wall of the equipment tank. A second solenoid valve is connected to the cylinder body of the bidirectional hydraulic pump cylinder unit. An oil pipe is connected between the second solenoid valve and the double-acting hydraulic rod. A single-acting hydraulic rod is installed in the rod hole. An integrated pressure head is fixedly connected to the movable end of the single-acting hydraulic rod. A pressure sensor is embedded in the integrated pressure head. A return spring is elastically connected between the corrugated clamp and the inner wall of the right-angle groove. An oil pipe is connected between the single-acting hydraulic rod and the double-acting hydraulic rod.

[0011] Preferably, the locking part includes two locking arms, each of the two locking arms has a sliding hole, and the top of each of the two locking arms is fixedly connected to a limiting rod. The limiting rod slides through the limiting plate on the same side and is fixedly connected to a rod head. A tension spring is elastically connected between the rod head and the limiting plate, and an anti-slip pad is fixedly connected to the bottom of each of the two locking arms.

[0012] Preferably, each of the two locking arms has a slot, the inner wall of the slot has a groove, the inner wall of the groove and the surface of the locking arm are connected by a pry hole, the inner wall of the groove is slidably connected to a locking block, a pull rod is fixedly connected between the locking blocks on the two locking arms, and the two lugs of the pull rod are slidably connected to the inner walls of the two pry holes respectively.

[0013] Preferably, the detection unit includes an L-shaped plate, the inner wall of which is provided with a guide groove that slides with a guide plate, an L-shaped plate two is fixedly connected to the top side of the L-shaped plate, one end of the L-shaped plate two is provided with a slot that matches the card block, an arc-shaped pressure plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the L-shaped plate, and the L-shaped plate one is in contact with the mounting arm.

[0014] Preferably, the functional unit includes a hydraulic cylinder, the movable end of which is fixedly connected to a support plate, a rotary motor is embedded in the bottom of the support plate, and the output shaft of the rotary motor is fixedly connected to a rotating seat. The mounting part, positioning part, control part, compensation part, locking part, and detection part together form a single-sided testing mechanism. There are two single-sided testing mechanisms, which are symmetrically arranged. The mounting arms of the two single-sided testing mechanisms are symmetrically mounted on the rotating seat.

[0015] Preferably, a pressure sensor two is fixedly connected between the inner walls of the two mounting arms, and the pressure sensor two is in contact with the limiting frame. The functional part and the two single-sided testing mechanisms together form a plastic performance testing assembly. There are two plastic performance testing assemblies. The universal testing machine is equipped with a linear guide rail. The hydraulic cylinders in the two plastic performance testing assemblies are symmetrically installed on the moving ends on both sides of the linear guide rail.

[0016] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a universal material testing machine for testing the mechanical properties of modified plastics, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. By using the hydraulic linkage of the bidirectional hydraulic pump cylinder unit, the double-acting hydraulic rod and the single-acting hydraulic rod, combined with the real-time signal feedback of the pressure sensor, the clamping force is adaptively compensated for as the sample deforms. This is different from the existing fixed clamping force structure, which eliminates the test deviation caused by the fluctuation of clamping force during the test and improves the accuracy and stability of mechanical property testing.

[0017] 2. By using a double-acting hydraulic rod in conjunction with the inclined surfaces of wedge block one and wedge block two, the sample end is centered and clamped. Combined with the flexible clamping structure of the corrugated clamping plate and the flexible capsule, the stress concentration and end damage of the sample caused by rigid clamping are avoided. Unlike traditional rigid clamps, this improves the reliability of clamping and the authenticity of test data, and achieves non-destructive and stable clamping of modified plastic samples.

[0018] 3. The rotating seat is driven by a rotary motor to drive the clamping mechanism to rotate synchronously in the opposite direction. Combined with the linear movement of the moving end of the linear guide rail, tensile, torsion and compression testing functions are integrated in a single tooling. This is different from dedicated testing equipment with single functions, reduces tooling change and equipment debugging steps, and realizes integrated and efficient testing of multiple mechanical properties of modified plastics.

[0019] 4. Through the mechanical locking cooperation of the locking arm, the locking block and the locking groove, combined with the guiding and positioning of the guide plate and the guide groove, the arc-shaped pressure plate can be quickly assembled to form a stable pressure bearing surface to achieve compression testing. This is different from the existing compression testing method that requires independent tooling, which simplifies the test mode switching process and improves the equipment's versatility and ease of operation.

[0020] 5. By linking the signals of the photosensitive sensor with the micro-precision air pump and solenoid valve one, the automatic triggering of the flexible bladder inflation action is realized. In conjunction with the pressure sensor two, the loading force is collected in real time, forming an integrated electromechanical-hydraulic-pneumatic detection and control system. This is different from the traditional discrete control structure and improves the automation level of the device and the consistency of the testing process. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the functional parts of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting part of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a connection diagram of the mounting arm and the locking part of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a connection diagram of the mounting arm and the detection unit of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a connection diagram of the positioning part and the compensation part of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the control unit of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flexible capsule of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the detection unit of the present invention; Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of A in the middle; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Universal testing machine; 2. Functional unit; 21. Hydraulic cylinder; 22. Support plate; 23. Rotary seat; 3. Mounting unit; 31. Mounting arm; 32. Through hole; 33. Right-angle slot; 34. Rod hole; 35. Guide plate; 36. Sliding hole one; 37. Limiting plate; 38. Equipment slot; 4. Positioning unit; 41. Wedge block one; 42. Sliding column; 43. Mounting plate; 44. Double-acting hydraulic rod; 45. Connecting plate; 46. Wedge block two; 47. Corrugated clamping plate; 48. Limiting frame; 49. Flexible bladder; 5. Control unit; 51. Miniature precision air pump; 52. Solenoid valve one; 53. Photosensitive sensor; 6. Compensation unit; 61. Two-way hydraulic pump cylinder unit; 62. Solenoid valve II; 63. Oil pipe I; 64. Single-acting hydraulic rod; 65. Integrated pressure head; 66. Return spring; 67. Oil pipe II; 7. Locking part; 71. Locking arm; 72. Sliding hole II; 73. Limiting rod; 74. Rod head; 75. Tension spring; 76. Anti-slip pad; 77. Slot; 78. Pulling hole; 79. Locking block; 710. Pull rod; 8. Detection unit; 81. L-shaped plate I; 82. Guide groove; 83. L-shaped plate II; 84. Slot; 85. Arc-shaped pressure plate; 9. Pressure sensor II. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 10 This invention provides a universal testing machine for testing the mechanical properties of modified plastics, including a universal testing machine 1 (single-column electronic universal testing machine). The universal testing machine 1 is provided with a functional part 2, and a mounting part 3 is connected to the functional part 2. The mounting part 3 is sequentially connected with a positioning part 4, a control part 5, a compensation part 6, a locking part 7, and a detection part 8. The mounting part 3 includes a mounting arm 31, with a through hole 32 centrally located on the mounting arm 31. The mounting part 3 also includes a right-angle groove 33, which is located at the bottom of the mounting arm 31. A rod hole 34 is provided on one side of the inner wall of the right-angle groove 33, and a guide plate 35 is fixedly connected to the other side of the inner wall of the right-angle groove 33. Sliding holes 36 are provided on both sides of the inner wall of the through hole 32. Limiting plates 37 are fixedly connected to both sides of the outer wall of the mounting arm 31. The limiting plates 37 and the guide plates 35 are arranged parallel to each other. An equipment groove 38 is provided on the top of the mounting arm 31.

[0025] In use, the mounting arm 31 provides a mounting and support base for the overall mechanism, the through hole 32 is used to accommodate wedge block 41 and wedge block 46 and limit their sliding path, the right angle groove 33 provides movement space for the corrugated clamp plate 47 and the integrated pressure head 65, the rod hole 34 is used to position and install the single-acting hydraulic rod 64, the guide plate 35 cooperates with the guide groove 82 of the L-shaped plate 81 to limit the sliding direction of the detection part 8, the sliding hole 36 cooperates with the sliding column 42 to limit the sliding direction of the wedge block 41, the limiting plate 37 is used to support the limiting rod 73 and provide guidance for the locking arm 71, and the equipment groove 38 is used to install the bidirectional hydraulic pump cylinder unit 61.

[0026] Furthermore, the positioning part 4 includes a first wedge block 41 and a second wedge block 46. The wedge surface of the first wedge block 41 fits against the wedge surface of the second wedge block 46. Both the first wedge block 41 and the second wedge block 46 are slidably connected within the through hole 32. A mounting plate 43 is fixedly connected between the inner walls of the through hole 32. A double-acting hydraulic rod 44 (YUKEN-CJT32L-FA10B-50, rated working pressure 21MPa) is vertically mounted on the mounting plate 43. A connecting plate 45 is fixedly connected to the movable end of the double-acting hydraulic rod 44. The connecting plate 45 is fixedly connected to the first wedge block 41. A corrugated clamping plate 47 and a limiting frame 48 are fixedly connected to one side of the second wedge block 46. A flexible bladder 49 is installed on the inner wall of the limiting frame 48. Both sides of wedge block 41 are fixedly connected to sliding columns 42. The sliding columns 42 on both sides of wedge block 41 are slidably connected to the sliding holes 36 on both sides of the through hole 32. Wedge block 46 is a hollow structure. The control unit 5 includes a miniature precision air pump 51 (F52P1-AP8EA). The miniature precision air pump 51 is installed on the inner wall of wedge block 46. A solenoid valve 52 (SMC-VX210AA, used for air circuit on / off control) is installed on the air port of the miniature precision air pump 51. The solenoid valve 52 is connected to the flexible bladder 49 through the limiting frame 48. A photosensitive sensor 53 (LS07-F, low power photosensitive detection element) is installed on the outer wall of the limiting frame 48. One side of wedge block 41 is in contact with the photosensitive sensor 53.

[0027] In use, the double-acting hydraulic rod 44 drives the wedge block 41 to slide vertically along the sliding hole 36 through the connecting plate 45. The wedge surface of the wedge block 41 pushes the second wedge block 46 to move horizontally, causing the corrugated clamping plate 47 and the limiting frame 48 to approach the plastic fiber sample to achieve clamping. The contact state between the wedge block 41 and the photosensitive sensor 53 changes, outputting a clamping position sensing signal, which causes the micro precision air pump 51 to inflate the flexible bladder 49 through the solenoid valve 52, causing the flexible bladder 49 to expand and assist in clamping the sample.

[0028] In this embodiment, the compensation unit 6 includes a bidirectional hydraulic pump cylinder unit 61 (composed of an HR080 miniature bidirectional hydraulic power unit and a CBS-D3 bidirectional gear pump, which can rotate in both directions to achieve bidirectional oil delivery). The bidirectional hydraulic pump cylinder unit 61 is installed on the inner wall of the equipment tank 38. A solenoid valve 62 (YUKEN-DVP-08, used for oil circuit on / off control) is connected to the cylinder body of the bidirectional hydraulic pump cylinder unit 61. An oil pipe 63 is connected between the solenoid valve 62 and the double-acting hydraulic rod 44. A single-acting hydraulic rod 64 (CX-SD25×20, rated working pressure 14MPa) is installed in the rod hole 34. An integrated pressure head 65 is fixedly connected to the movable end of the single-acting hydraulic rod 64. A pressure sensor 64 (burster8431) is embedded in the integrated pressure head 65. A return spring 66 is elastically connected between the corrugated clamp 47 and the inner wall of the right-angle groove 33. An oil pipe 67 is connected between the single-acting hydraulic rod 64 and the double-acting hydraulic rod 44.

[0029] In use, the bidirectional hydraulic pump cylinder unit 61 controls the extension and retraction of the double-acting hydraulic rod 44 via solenoid valve 2 62 and oil pipe 1 63. When the double-acting hydraulic rod 44 moves, it drives the single-acting hydraulic rod 64 to extend and retract synchronously via oil pipe 2 67, which drives the integrated pressure head 65 to push against the corrugated clamping plate 47. The pressure sensor 1 on the integrated pressure head 65 collects the clamping force signal in real time, and the return spring 66 provides the return force for the corrugated clamping plate 47.

[0030] It is worth noting that the locking part 7 includes two locking arms 71, each with a sliding hole 72. A limit rod 73 is fixedly connected to the top of each locking arm 71. The limit rod 73 slides through a limit plate 37 on the same side and is fixedly connected to a rod head 74. A tension spring 75 elastically connects the rod head 74 to the limit plate 37. Anti-slip pads 76 are fixedly connected to the bottom of each locking arm 71. A slot 77 is provided on each locking arm 71. A groove is provided on the inner wall of each slot 77. A pry hole 78 is provided between the inner wall of the groove and the surface of the locking arm 71. The inner wall of the groove is slidably connected with a locking block 79. A pull rod 710 is fixedly connected between the locking blocks 79 on the two locking arms 71. The two ears of the pull rod 710 are slidably connected to the inner wall of the two dial holes 78 respectively. The detection part 8 includes an L-shaped plate 81. The inner wall of the L-shaped plate 81 is provided with a guide groove 82 that slides with the guide plate 35. An L-shaped plate 83 is fixedly connected to the top side of the L-shaped plate 81. One end of the L-shaped plate 83 is provided with a locking groove 84 that matches the locking block 79. An arc-shaped pressure plate 85 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the L-shaped plate 81. The L-shaped plate 81 is in contact with the mounting arm 31.

[0031] In use, the tension spring 75 pulls the locking arm 71 downward via the rod head 74 and the limiting rod 73, causing the anti-slip pad 76 to press against the L-shaped plate 81 to lock the detection part 8. When the sliding column 42 rises with the wedge block 41, it pushes the locking arm 71 upward via the sliding hole 72 to release the lock on the detection part 8. After the L-shaped plate 83 is inserted into the slot 77, the locking block 79 is engaged in the slot 84 to position the detection part 8. When the pull rod 710 moves along the push hole 78, it drives the locking block 79 out of the slot 84 to release the positioning.

[0032] It is worth noting that functional unit 2 includes a hydraulic cylinder 21, the movable end of which is fixedly connected to a support plate 22. A rotary motor (42BYGH24-1704A stepper motor, rated power 24W, DC 24V power supply) is embedded in the bottom of the support plate 22. The output shaft of the rotary motor is fixedly connected to a rotating seat 23. The mounting unit 3, positioning unit 4, control unit 5, compensation unit 6, locking unit 7, and detection unit 8 together form a single-sided testing mechanism. There are two single-sided testing mechanisms, symmetrically arranged. The mounting unit 3, positioning unit 4, control unit 5, compensation unit 6, locking unit 7, and detection unit 8 together form a single-sided testing mechanism. The mounting arms 31 are symmetrically mounted on the rotating seat 23. A pressure sensor 29 (DYLY-103 spoke-type force sensor) is fixedly connected between the inner walls of the two mounting arms 31. The pressure sensor 29 is in contact with the limit frame 48. The functional part 2 and the two single-sided testing mechanisms together form a plastic performance testing assembly. There are two plastic performance testing assemblies. The universal testing machine 1 is equipped with a linear guide rail (HIWIN-MGN15H, mechanical guide component). The hydraulic cylinders 21 in the two plastic performance testing assemblies are symmetrically mounted on the moving ends on both sides of the linear guide rail.

[0033] In use, the hydraulic cylinder 21 drives the support plate 22, the rotating seat 23 and the mounting arm 31 to move axially. The rotary motor drives the rotating seat 23 to rotate the mounting arms 31 on both sides synchronously, so as to achieve sample torsion. The moving end of the linear guide rail drives the plastic performance testing components on both sides to move relative to each other, so as to complete the tensile and compression tests. The pressure sensor 29 collects the force signal transmitted by the limit frame 48 for test data monitoring.

[0034] Working principle: The modified plastic sample is inserted into the gap between the corresponding mounting arms 31 at both ends. The bidirectional hydraulic pump cylinder unit 61 is started. The oil circuit is switched by the solenoid valve 62, and the oil is introduced into the rod cavity of the double-acting hydraulic rod 44 through the oil pipe 63. The piston rod of the double-acting hydraulic rod 44 retracts and drives the wedge block 41 to move vertically downward along the inner wall of the through hole 32 and the sliding hole 36 through the connecting plate 45. The wedge surface of the wedge block 41 and the wedge surface of the wedge block 46 form an inclined transmission pair, which pushes the wedge block 46 to move horizontally towards the sample side, so that the corrugated clamp 47 and the limiting frame 48 approach each other synchronously and initially clamp the end of the sample.

[0035] During the downward movement of wedge block 41, its side surface disengages from the photosensitive sensor 53. The photosensitive sensor 53 outputs an electrical signal indicating that the sample is in place to the control system. The control system then activates the micro precision air pump 51, which injects a fixed amount of gas into the flexible capsule 49 inside the limiting frame 48 via the solenoid valve 52. The flexible capsule 49 expands and forms a flexible fit with the sample end face, improving the uniformity of clamping and preventing stress concentration from damaging the sample clamping area.

[0036] When the linear guide of the universal testing machine 1 drives the plastic performance testing components on both sides to make opposite linear displacements, axial tensile testing can be performed on the sample. When the rotary motor drives the rotating seat 23 to rotate, it drives the respective single-sided testing mechanisms to rotate synchronously in opposite directions, and torsional mechanical property testing can be performed on the sample.

[0037] During the tensile and torsion tests, when the double-acting hydraulic rod 44 retracts, the oil in its rod cavity is introduced into the single-acting hydraulic rod 64 through oil pipe 67, pushing the piston rod of the single-acting hydraulic rod 64 to extend, causing the integrated pressure head 65 to continuously press against the corrugated clamping plate 47. The pressure sensor embedded in the integrated pressure head 65 collects the clamping force signal in real time and uploads it to the control system. When the clamping force fluctuation exceeds the set threshold due to the deformation of the sample, the control system drives the bidirectional hydraulic pump cylinder unit 61 to supply oil in reverse. The oil circuit is switched by solenoid valve 62, causing the piston rod of the double-acting hydraulic rod 44 to tend to extend. At the same time, the return spring 66 provides... The elastic restoring force pulls the corrugated clamp 47 and the wedge block 46 to a slight reset, pushing the integrated pressure head 65 and the single-acting hydraulic rod 64 to retract. The oil in the single-acting hydraulic rod 64 flows back to the double-acting hydraulic rod 44 through the oil pipe 67, providing power for the piston rod of the double-acting hydraulic rod 44 to extend. In conjunction with the solenoid valve 52, the air path is switched to achieve a slight exhaust, so that the volume of the flexible bladder 49 is adaptively reduced, realizing dynamic unloading compensation of the clamping force. Conversely, when the clamping force is insufficient, the control system controls the positive action of each actuator to achieve adaptive pressure compensation of the clamping force, maintaining a stable clamping force throughout the process without damaging the sample.

[0038] During compression performance testing, the control system drives the double-acting hydraulic rod 44 to extend fully, causing the wedge block 41 to rise to its upper limit. The sliding column 42 moves upward along the sliding hole 36 and the sliding hole 72, pushing the locking arm 71 upward and stretching the tension spring 75. The anti-slip pad 76 is released from its clamping state with the L-shaped plate 81, and the L-shaped plate 81 slides in along the guide plate 35, so that the L-shaped plate 83 is inserted into the slot 77 of the locking arm 71. The locking block 79 slides into the slot 84 of the L-shaped plate 83 under its own weight, realizing the mechanical locking of the testing unit 8. The two arc-shaped pressure plates 85 are joined together to form a stable pressure bearing surface. The sample is placed between the upper and lower pressure bearing surfaces. The hydraulic cylinders 21 on both sides synchronously drive the test components to make relative displacement and compress the sample. The pressure is transmitted to the pressure sensor 9 through the arc-shaped pressure plate 85, the corrugated clamp 47, and the limit frame 48, so as to realize the real-time acquisition and monitoring of the compression force. After the test is completed, the pull rod 710 is pulled upward, so that its ear end slides along the push hole 78 to drive the locking block 79 out of the slot 84, releasing the locking state of the detection part 8 and allowing for quick switching of the test mode.

[0039] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

Claims

1. A universal testing machine for testing the mechanical properties of modified plastics, comprising a universal testing machine (1), characterized in that: The universal testing machine (1) is provided with a functional part (2), and a mounting part (3) is connected to the functional part (2). The mounting part (3) is connected in sequence with a positioning part (4), a control part (5), a compensation part (6), a locking part (7) and a detection part (8). The mounting part (3) includes a mounting arm (31), which has a through hole (32) in the center. The positioning part (4) includes a wedge block one (41) and a wedge block two (46). The wedge surface of the wedge block one (41) is in contact with the wedge surface of the wedge block two (46). The wedge block one (41) and the wedge block two (46) are slidably connected in the through hole (32). A mounting plate (43) is fixedly connected between the inner walls of the through hole (32). A double-acting hydraulic rod (44) is vertically mounted on the mounting plate (43). A connecting plate (45) is fixedly connected to the movable end of the double-acting hydraulic rod (44). The connecting plate (45) is fixedly connected to the wedge block one (41). A corrugated clamp plate (47) and a limiting frame (48) are fixedly connected to one side of the wedge block two (46). A flexible bladder (49) is installed on the inner wall of the limiting frame (48). The mounting part (3) also includes a right-angle groove (33), which is located at the bottom of the mounting arm (31). A rod hole (34) is provided on one side of the inner wall of the right-angle groove (33), and a guide plate (35) is fixedly connected to the other side of the inner wall of the right-angle groove (33). A sliding hole (36) is provided on both sides of the inner wall of the through hole (32). A limiting plate (37) is fixedly connected to both sides of the outer wall of the mounting arm (31). The limiting plate (37) and the guide plate (35) are arranged in parallel. An equipment groove (38) is provided at the top of the mounting arm (31). The second wedge (46) is a hollow structure. The control unit (5) includes a miniature precision air pump (51). The miniature precision air pump (51) is installed on the inner wall of the second wedge (46). A solenoid valve (52) is installed on the air port of the miniature precision air pump (51). The solenoid valve (52) is connected to the flexible capsule (49) through a limiting frame (48). A photosensitive sensor (53) is installed on the outer wall of the limiting frame (48). One side of the first wedge (41) is in contact with the photosensitive sensor (53). The compensation unit (6) includes a bidirectional hydraulic pump cylinder unit (61), which is installed on the inner wall of the equipment slot (38). A second solenoid valve (62) is connected to the cylinder body of the bidirectional hydraulic pump cylinder unit (61). An oil pipe (63) is connected between the second solenoid valve (62) and the double-acting hydraulic rod (44). A single-acting hydraulic rod (64) is installed in the rod hole (34). An integrated pressure head (65) is fixedly connected to the movable end of the single-acting hydraulic rod (64). A pressure sensor is embedded in the integrated pressure head (65). A return spring (66) is elastically connected between the corrugated clamp (47) and the inner wall of the right-angle slot (33). An oil pipe (67) is connected between the single-acting hydraulic rod (64) and the double-acting hydraulic rod (44).

2. The universal testing machine for testing the mechanical properties of modified plastics according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both sides of the wedge block (41) are fixedly connected to sliding columns (42), and the sliding columns (42) on both sides of the wedge block (41) are slidably connected to the sliding holes (36) on both sides of the through hole (32).

3. The universal testing machine for testing the mechanical properties of modified plastics according to claim 2, characterized in that: The locking part (7) includes two locking arms (71), each of the two locking arms (71) has a sliding hole (72), and the top of each of the two locking arms (71) is fixedly connected to a limiting rod (73). The limiting rod (73) slides through the limiting plate (37) on the same side and is fixedly connected to a rod head (74). A tension spring (75) is elastically connected between the rod head (74) and the limiting plate (37). The bottom of each of the two locking arms (71) is fixedly connected to an anti-slip pad (76).

4. The universal testing machine for testing the mechanical properties of modified plastics according to claim 3, characterized in that: Both locking arms (71) are provided with slots (77), and the inner walls of the slots (77) are provided with grooves. The inner walls of the grooves are connected to the surfaces of the locking arms (71) and are provided with pry holes (78). The inner walls of the grooves are slidably connected with locking blocks (79). Pull rods (710) are fixedly connected between the locking blocks (79) on the two locking arms (71). The two ears of the pull rods (710) are slidably connected to the inner walls of the two pry holes (78).

5. The universal testing machine for testing the mechanical properties of modified plastics according to claim 4, characterized in that: The detection unit (8) includes an L-shaped plate (81), the inner wall of which is provided with a guide groove (82) that slides with the guide plate (35), an L-shaped plate (83) is fixedly connected to the top side of the L-shaped plate (81), one end of which is provided with a slot (84) that matches the card block (79), and an arc-shaped pressure plate (85) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the L-shaped plate (81). The L-shaped plate (81) is in contact with the mounting arm (31).

6. The universal testing machine for testing the mechanical properties of modified plastics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional part (2) includes a hydraulic cylinder (21), the movable end of which is fixedly connected to a support plate (22), a rotary motor is embedded at the bottom of the support plate (22), and the output shaft of the rotary motor is fixedly connected to a rotating seat (23). The mounting part (3), positioning part (4), control part (5), compensation part (6), locking part (7) and detection part (8) together form a single-sided testing mechanism. There are two single-sided testing mechanisms, which are symmetrically arranged. The mounting arms (31) of the two single-sided testing mechanisms are symmetrically mounted on the rotating seat (23).

7. The universal testing machine for testing the mechanical properties of modified plastics according to claim 6, characterized in that: Pressure sensor 2 (9) is fixedly connected between the inner walls of the two mounting arms (31). Pressure sensor 2 (9) is in contact with the limiting frame (48). The functional part (2) and the two single-sided testing mechanisms together form a plastic performance testing assembly. There are two plastic performance testing assemblies. The universal testing machine (1) is equipped with a linear guide rail. The hydraulic cylinders (21) in the two plastic performance testing assemblies are symmetrically installed on the moving ends of the linear guide rail on both sides.

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