Priority-based intelligent control multi-power automatic switching system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of priority-based intelligent control multi-power automatic switching system, belong to direct-current power supply management technical field.The system supports 3≤N≤9 power supply power way, contain N-1 normal direct-current input power way and 1 fixed lowest priority battery backup input power way;Voltage data is collected by isolation voltage acquisition module, power supply decision module is based on time weighted historical cumulative historical voltage data to calculate power supply quality evaluation value and dynamic sorting, combined with hard access check output circuit control instruction;Switching timing control module executes seamless instruction switching less than the maximum power supply maintenance time of load capacitance;Fault locking module executes only manual reset locking to continuous fault power supply power way;Display alarm module realizes circuit operating state display and alarm.The application can significantly improve power supply reliability, improve fault protection mechanism, suitable for high reliability direct-current power supply scene such as industrial control and medical equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of DC power supply management technology, and more specifically to a priority-based intelligent control system for automatic switching of multiple power supplies. Background Technology

[0002] With the deep integration of industrial automation and information technology, the requirements for power supply reliability of critical electrical equipment are becoming increasingly stringent. A single power supply can no longer meet the demand for 24 / 7 uninterrupted operation. Multi-power automatic switching systems, as core devices to ensure power supply continuity, have been widely used in these fields. Currently, most mainstream multi-power automatic switching systems adopt an architecture combining a PLC controller and an ATS automatic switch. For example, the utility model patent with authorization announcement number CN212627300U discloses a multi-power automatic switching device that, through the cooperation of a phase loss detection circuit, a Siemens S7-200 PLC controller, and an ATS automatic switch, achieves automatic switching of multiple power supplies in the event of undervoltage or phase loss faults. It also supports 24-hour timed cyclic switching, which to some extent solves the problem of power outages caused by single power supply failures and improves power distribution efficiency.

[0003] However, existing multi-power automatic switching systems, including the aforementioned patents, still suffer from numerous technical bottlenecks, making it difficult to meet the uninterrupted power supply requirements of high-precision loads: First, the priority strategy is rigid. The aforementioned patents use a switching logic with a fixed power supply number order, which cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the long-term power supply stability fluctuations of each input power supply. This easily leads to the problem of "power supplies that are momentarily normal but have poor long-term reliability being prioritized for conduction," resulting in a high risk of erroneous switching. Second, the power supply quality judgment is one-sided. It relies solely on real-time phase loss, overvoltage, and undervoltage detection data for status judgment, resulting in weak anti-interference capabilities and an inability to predict the long-term power supply reliability. It is susceptible to the effects of instantaneous fluctuations in the power grid and peak interference, leading to frequent switching. Third, the switching performance is insufficient. ATS mechanical switches are commonly used, resulting in slow switching response speeds and dead time of tens to hundreds of milliseconds, which easily leads to excessive output voltage drop or even brief power outages. Fourth, the fault handling mechanism is imperfect. Automatic switching occurs after a faulty power supply is restored, without a continuous fault lockout mechanism. This easily leads to repeated load impacts from faults. At the same time, it lacks battery backup protection logic adapted to the on-site maintenance cycle, making it difficult to guarantee system safety and maintenance needs under extreme fault conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a priority-based intelligent control multi-power automatic switching system to solve the technical problems of existing multi-power automatic switching systems, such as rigid priority strategies, one-sided power quality judgment, large switching dead zones that easily lead to power outages, and imperfect fault handling mechanisms.

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, a priority-based intelligent control multi-power automatic switching system is disclosed, comprising an isolation voltage acquisition module, a power supply decision module, a switching timing control module, a fault locking module, and a display alarm module.

[0006] The isolation voltage acquisition module acquires the voltage data of each power supply path in the multi-power automatic switching circuit in real time;

[0007] The power supply decision module calculates the power supply quality assessment value of each power supply path based on time-weighted historical cumulative voltage data, dynamically prioritizes the power supply paths according to the power supply quality assessment value, and outputs control commands to the circuit in conjunction with hard access verification.

[0008] The switching timing control module is used to execute circuit control commands;

[0009] The fault locking module is used to lock the power supply circuit that meets the continuous fault determination conditions, and the fault locking can only be released by manual operation reset.

[0010] The display and alarm module displays the circuit operation status of each power supply circuit in real time and provides remote alarm prompts for power supply circuits in a fault-locked state.

[0011] Furthermore, the number of power supply paths in the multi-power automatic switching circuit is N, where 3≤N≤9, including N-1 conventional DC input power supply paths and 1 battery backup input power supply path; the battery backup input power supply path is manually set to a fixed lowest priority and does not participate in dynamic priority sorting.

[0012] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the power quality assessment value is as follows:

[0013] A sliding time window of duration T is set to accumulate and store historically sampled voltage data from each conventional DC input power supply path. The voltage data is a time sequence composed of the supply voltage. The sliding time window is evenly divided into m equal-length time sub-intervals. (satisfy Within each time sub-interval, k voltage sampling points are acquired through an isolated voltage acquisition module. , (Sampling frequency of the isolation voltage acquisition module).

[0014] Calculate the single-interval power quality score for each conventional DC input power supply path within each time sub-interval. The power supply quality score for a single interval is obtained by weighted summation of voltage qualification rate, voltage fluctuation coefficient, and voltage deviation. The calculation formula for the power supply quality score for a single interval is as follows:

[0015] ;

[0016] Where A, B, and C are preset weighting coefficients, satisfying , For the xth ( ) conventional DC input power supply in the i-th ( Voltage pass rate for ) time sub-intervals Let x be the voltage fluctuation coefficient of the x-th conventional DC input power supply in the i-th time sub-interval. Let x be the voltage deviation of the x-th conventional DC input power supply path in the i-th time sub-interval. Let i be the end time of the i-th time sub-interval;

[0017] The voltage qualification rate The calculation formula is: ;

[0018] in, For the x-th conventional DC input power supply, the supply voltage is within the voltage regulation range of the powered equipment during the i-th time sub-interval. The number of voltage sampling points within the area;

[0019] voltage fluctuation coefficient The calculation formula is:

[0020] ;

[0021] in, Let x be the j-th sampled supply voltage value of the x-th conventional DC input power supply line within the i-th time sub-interval. Let x be the average value of the sampled supply voltage of the x-th conventional DC input power supply path within the i-th time sub-interval. The nominal rated voltage of the xth conventional DC input power supply circuit itself;

[0022] The voltage deviation The calculation formula is: ;

[0023] The original weights for each time sub-interval are calculated using an exponentially decaying weighting function. The evaluation logic implements a system where historical voltage data closer to the current time carries higher weight. The exponential decay weighting function is as follows: ;

[0024] in, The preset attenuation coefficient ( );

[0025] Normalize all the original weights to obtain normalized weights. The normalization calculation formula is as follows: ;

[0026] The normalized weights of each time sub-interval are weighted and summed with the power quality scores of the corresponding time sub-intervals to obtain the power quality assessment value of the x-th conventional DC input power supply at the current time. The formula for calculating the power supply quality assessment value is as follows: .

[0027] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the power quality assessment value of the battery backup input power supply circuit is the same as the method for obtaining the power quality assessment value of the conventional DC input power supply circuit.

[0028] Furthermore, the rules for the dynamic priority sorting are as follows:

[0029] All conventional DC input power supply paths in the multi-power automatic switching circuit are included in the effective sorting pool, and the conventional DC input power supply paths in the effective sorting pool are sorted from high to low according to the power supply quality assessment value.

[0030] If the power quality assessment values ​​of two or more conventional DC input power supply lines are the same, they will be sorted according to the preset fixed initial priority to generate a dynamic priority list.

[0031] The dynamic priority list is updated periodically according to a preset update cycle, where the update cycle is a single time sub-interval. Integer multiples of.

[0032] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the circuit switching control command is as follows:

[0033] In real time, a hard admission check is performed on each conventional DC input power supply path in the dynamic priority list, and conventional DC input power supply paths that do not meet the hard admission check are removed. The hard admission check includes: the supply voltage of the current conventional DC input power supply path is within the voltage regulation range of the powered equipment. Within the specified range, and the power quality assessment value is not less than the preset power quality qualification threshold. The voltage regulation range is the input voltage range within which the voltage regulation circuit of the powered equipment can operate normally and stably without hardware overload damage. The power supply quality qualification threshold is... The value range is 0.3-0.5. A lower limit is set to relax the access conditions, reduce unnecessary activation of the battery backup input power circuit, and prevent the battery of the battery backup input power circuit from being damaged due to frequent discharge.

[0034] If the dynamic priority list is not empty, the conventional DC input power supply path ranked first in the dynamic priority list is selected as the target power supply path.

[0035] If the power supply path currently in operation in the multi-power automatic switching circuit is different from the target power supply path, then a circuit control command to switch to the target power supply path will be output.

[0036] If the power supply path currently in operation in the multi-power automatic switching circuit is the same as the target power supply path, then output a circuit control command to maintain the target power supply path.

[0037] If the dynamic priority list is empty, output the circuit control command to switch to the battery backup input power supply.

[0038] Furthermore, the process of executing the circuit control instructions is as follows:

[0039] When the circuit switching control command is to maintain the target power supply path, the control unit corresponding to the power supply path that is currently in operation in the multi-power automatic switching circuit is kept in the on state, and the switch switching is not performed.

[0040] When switching to the target power supply circuit, the circuit switching control command immediately sends a shutdown command to the controlled unit corresponding to the power supply circuit that is currently in operation in the multi-power automatic switching circuit. After waiting for the preset switching dead time, the command is immediately sent to the controlled unit corresponding to the target power supply circuit to complete the switching.

[0041] When the circuit switching control command is to switch to the battery backup input power supply, if the power supply line currently in operation in the multi-power automatic switching circuit is the battery backup input power supply, then the on state of the controlled unit corresponding to the power supply line currently in operation in the multi-power automatic switching circuit is maintained; otherwise, a shutdown command is immediately sent to the controlled unit corresponding to the power supply line currently in operation in the multi-power automatic switching circuit. After waiting for the preset switching dead time, a turn-on command is immediately sent to the controlled unit corresponding to the battery backup input power supply to complete the switching.

[0042] The switching dead time is less than the maximum power supply duration of the load capacitor in the powered equipment, so as to achieve seamless switching and reduce output voltage drop.

[0043] Furthermore, the switching dead time is set to be greater than the rated shutdown time of the controlled unit. And less than the maximum power supply duration of the load capacitor. That is, satisfying the constraint relationship Among them, the rated turn-off time of the controlled unit This constraint is the inherent hardware time for a semiconductor switch with reverse blocking capability to switch from fully on to fully off. Setting this constraint ensures that the previous power supply path is completely turned off, preventing circulating current short circuits caused by multiple power supply paths being turned on simultaneously.

[0044] The maximum power supply duration of the load capacitor Discharge the load capacitor from its rated operating voltage to the minimum operating voltage of the powered equipment. The maximum power supply duration is the longest time that the powered equipment can be independently supported for normal operation. The duration is calculated using a formula based on the principle of energy conservation. Setting this constraint ensures that during the switching dead time, the powered equipment can be kept running stably by powering only the load capacitor, achieving seamless power switching and effectively reducing the output voltage drop.

[0045] The formula for the duration is:

[0046] ;

[0047] in, The capacitance of the load capacitor in the powered equipment. The rated operating voltage of the powered equipment. The minimum operating voltage of the powered equipment. The rated power of the powered equipment.

[0048] Furthermore, the persistent fault determination condition is as follows:

[0049] If the conventional DC input power supply circuit fails to meet the hard access verification within a continuously preset first fault judgment time, or if the supply voltage remains at 0, the first fault judgment time is the system-preset continuous abnormal identification time of the conventional DC power supply, which is used to filter out non-permanent faults such as instantaneous voltage fluctuations and electromagnetic interference, and to avoid the conventional DC input power supply being mistakenly locked. The continuous 0 supply voltage means that the conventional DC input power supply circuit has no effective voltage input, which is judged as a permanent fault such as power circuit break or power loss.

[0050] The backup power supply circuit continuously presets a second fault determination time during which the supply voltage is lower than the minimum operating voltage that supports the operation of the powered equipment. This is used to determine faults such as battery depletion and battery failure. The second fault determination time is a preset duration that matches the on-site maintenance cycle of the powered equipment.

[0051] Furthermore, the fault locking of the power supply circuit that meets the continuous fault determination conditions is specifically as follows: the fault locking module generates a fault locking status identifier for the power supply circuit, permanently removes it from the effective sorting pool of dynamic priority sorting, and no longer participates in subsequent power quality assessment calculations and dynamic priority sorting; at the same time, during the entire process of the power supply decision module generating circuit control commands, the power supply circuit will be excluded from the next switching power supply circuit target. Only after the fault is manually repaired and the fault locking status identifier is cleared through a physical reset button or a remote reset command from the host computer can the power supply circuit be reinstated into the effective sorting pool and the switching candidate qualification.

[0052] Furthermore, the circuit operating status includes real-time power supply voltage, power supply quality assessment value, current priority, and fault lockout status.

[0053] Furthermore, each power supply circuit in the multi-power automatic switching circuit is equipped with a controlled unit. The controlled unit adopts a semiconductor switching device with reverse blocking capability. The semiconductor switching device is connected in series between the output terminal of the power supply circuit and the input terminal of the powered device to prevent the voltage on the powered device side from being fed back into the power supply circuit.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0055] 1. This invention adopts a dynamic priority sorting mechanism based on time-weighted historical voltage data to replace the traditional fixed priority strategy, which solves the problem of power supply priority conduction that is normal in an instant but has poor long-term reliability, and significantly reduces the risk of false switching.

[0056] 2. This invention constructs a multi-dimensional power supply quality assessment model, which integrates voltage qualification rate, fluctuation coefficient and deviation, and combines exponential decay weight to achieve long-term power supply reliability prediction. It has strong anti-interference ability and effectively avoids frequent erroneous switching.

[0057] 3. This invention uses a semiconductor switch with reverse blocking capability, combined with precise switching dead time constraints, to achieve seamless switching and eliminate the output voltage drop and brief power interruption problems caused by traditional mechanical switch switching.

[0058] 4. This invention sets up a continuous fault lockout mechanism that requires only manual reset, and the faulty power supply automatically exits the sorting and switching candidate, avoiding repeated impacts of the load by the fault; at the same time, by relaxing the access of conventional power supplies through a low qualification threshold, unnecessary battery discharge is reduced and the battery life is extended. Attached Figure Description

[0059] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0060] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall architecture of the system of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main components of the multi-power automatic switching circuit in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0062] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0063] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a priority-based intelligent control multi-power automatic switching system includes an isolation voltage acquisition module, a power supply decision module, a switching timing control module, a fault locking module, and a display and alarm module. Together, they complete the functions of multi-power supply quality assessment, dynamic priority sorting, seamless automatic switching, fault locking protection, and operation status display and alarm.

[0064] In this embodiment, the multi-power automatic switching circuit adopts... Figure 2 The hardware architecture shown is Figure 2 In this configuration, N=3 power supply circuits are set up. IN1 and IN2 are conventional DC input power supply circuits, and IN3 is a battery backup power supply circuit. The battery backup power supply circuit (IN3) is manually set to a fixed lowest priority and does not participate in dynamic priority ranking. The rated voltage of each power supply circuit is 24V. Controlled U1, controlled U2, and controlled U3 are semiconductor switches with reverse blocking capability, i.e., controlled units, connected in series with IN1, IN2, and IN3 respectively. K1, K2, and K3 are controlled unit status feedback ports, K4, K5, and K6 are voltage acquisition input ports, and K7... K8 and K9 are the status control ports of the controlled unit; voltage acquisition UC1, voltage acquisition UC2 and voltage acquisition UC3 are isolated voltage acquisition units, connected in parallel to IN1, IN2 and IN3 respectively; the main controller is the core control unit of the system, integrating all the functions of the power supply decision module, the switching timing control module and the fault lockout module; OUT is the system's total output terminal, connected to the DC power input terminal of the powered equipment. The powered equipment is an industrial control PLC system with a voltage regulation range of [18V, 30V], a rated power of 50W, and a load capacitor capacity of 1000μF.

[0065] The isolation voltage acquisition module is obtained through... Figure 2 The voltage acquisition units UC1, UC2, and UC3 are three linear optocoupler-isolated voltage acquisition units that acquire voltage data from the corresponding power supply circuits. The sampling frequency is... The frequency is set to 10Hz with a sampling accuracy of ±0.1V. The digital voltage data is transmitted to the main control via wires. The use of a linear optocoupler-isolated voltage acquisition unit can effectively block common-mode interference between power supply circuits, thereby improving the accuracy of voltage acquisition and the system's anti-interference capability.

[0066] The power supply decision module is integrated into the main controller (using an STM32F103RCT6 32-bit ARM microcontroller). Its core function is to calculate the power quality assessment value based on time-weighted historical cumulative voltage data, generate a dynamic priority list, and output circuit control commands. In this embodiment, the sliding time window duration is set to T=60 minutes, which is evenly divided into m=6 equal time sub-intervals. =10 minutes, therefore k can be collected within each time sub-interval. · =10 × 600 = 6000 voltage sampling points. In the calculation of the power supply quality assessment value, the preset weighting coefficients are A = 0.5 (voltage qualification rate weight), B = 0.3 (voltage fluctuation coefficient weight), C = 0.2 (voltage deviation weight), and the exponential attenuation coefficient α = 0.5. The power supply quality qualification threshold is... =0.4, the update cycle of the dynamic priority list is set to 10 minutes, which is the length of a single time sub-interval.

[0067] The switching timing control module is also integrated into the main controller. It receives circuit control commands from the power supply decision module and executes the turn-on and turn-off of each controlled unit. In this embodiment, controlled units U1, U2, and U3 all adopt a combination structure of N-channel enhancement-mode MOSFET (model IRF540N) in series with a Schottky diode, which has excellent reverse blocking capability and can effectively prevent the voltage on the powered equipment side from being fed back into the power supply circuit. Actual measurements show that the rated turn-off time of the controlled unit with this combination structure is... The value is 10μs. Based on the formula for the maximum power supply duration of the load capacitor, the following can be calculated: Therefore, in this embodiment, the dead time will be switched. Set to 50μs, which satisfies < < The constraint relationship ensures that the previous power supply is completely shut off to avoid circulating short circuits, and also ensures that the load capacitor can independently maintain the normal operation of the powered equipment during the switching process, thus achieving seamless switching.

[0068] The fault locking module is integrated inside the main control unit. In this embodiment, the first fault determination time is preset to 30 seconds and the second fault determination time is preset to 8 hours. When a power supply line meets the continuous fault determination condition, the fault locking module generates a unique fault locking status identifier and permanently removes the power supply line from the effective sorting pool. It will no longer participate in subsequent power quality assessment and priority sorting. The fault locking status can only be cleared by receiving a remote reset command from the host computer via the physical reset button on the main control unit or the RS485 bus. This ensures that the power supply line in the fault locking status will not be reconnected to the powered equipment before the maintenance is completed.

[0069] The display alarm module consists of a 1.8-inch TFT-LCD display screen, an active buzzer, and an RS485 communication interface. The TFT-LCD display screen shows the real-time voltage, power quality assessment value, current priority, and fault lockout status of each power supply circuit in real time. When a fault lockout occurs, the active buzzer emits an intermittent audible and visual alarm, and at the same time, it sends an alarm message containing the faulty power supply circuit number and the time of occurrence to the host computer via the RS485 bus, so that maintenance personnel can handle it in a timely manner.

[0070] Furthermore, the complete working process of this system will be described below using a three-way power supply circuit as an example:

[0071] 1. System power-on initialization: The main controller completes the initialization of internal registers, timers and peripherals, reads the fault lock status information stored in the internal registers, and excludes the locked power supply lines from the effective sorting pool; the isolation voltage acquisition module begins to acquire the voltage data of each power supply line.

[0072] 2. Power supply quality assessment: The power supply decision module stores the collected voltage data according to time sub-intervals. It updates the voltage data within the sliding time window every 10 minutes, calculates the single-interval power supply quality score of each conventional DC input power supply, and calculates the current power supply quality assessment value by combining the exponential decay weight.

[0073] 3. Dynamic priority sorting: Every 10 minutes, the regular DC input power supply circuits in the effective sorting pool are sorted from high to low according to the power quality assessment value. If the power quality assessment values ​​are the same, they are sorted according to the preset fixed initial priority (IN1>IN2) to generate the latest dynamic priority list.

[0074] 4. Hard Access Verification and Control Command Generation: Perform hard access verification on each power supply path in the dynamic priority list in real time, eliminating power supply paths whose supply voltage is not within the [18V, 30V] range or whose power quality assessment value is less than 0.4; if the dynamic priority list after hard access verification is not empty, select the power supply path ranked first as the target power supply path; if the dynamic priority list is empty, select the battery backup power supply path IN3 as the target power supply path; if the currently active power supply path is inconsistent with the target power supply path, output a switching control command; otherwise, output a maintenance command.

[0075] 5. Switching Timing Execution: When a switching control command is received, the switching timing control module first sends a shutdown command to the controlled unit corresponding to the currently active power supply path. After waiting for a 50μs switching dead time, it then sends a turn-on command to the controlled unit corresponding to the target power supply path, completing the power supply path switching. For example, if the currently active power supply path is IN1 (controlled U1 is active) and the target power supply path is IN2, then a shutdown command is first sent to controlled U1 via K7. After waiting for a preset 50μs switching dead time, a turn-on command is immediately sent to controlled U2 via K8, and the turn-on status feedback of controlled U2 is received via K2 to confirm that the switch switching is complete.

[0076] 6. Fault Detection and Locking: The fault locking module monitors the circuit operation status of each power supply circuit in real time. If IN1 fails to meet the hard access check or its voltage remains at 0 for 30 consecutive seconds, it is determined to be a continuous fault. A fault locking status identifier is generated and written to the internal register. At the same time, IN1 is removed from the valid sorting pool, and the system automatically switches to IN2 power supply. If IN2 also subsequently experiences a continuous fault, the system will switch to the battery backup power supply IN3. If IN3 subsequently experiences a continuous fault, and IN1 and IN2 do not reset, the three controlled units are shut down. At the same time as the power supply circuit fault locking occurs, audible and visual alarms and remote alarms are triggered.

[0077] 7. Fault Reset and Recovery: After maintenance personnel complete the repair of a power supply circuit in a fault-locked state, they can press the physical reset button or send a remote reset command through the host computer. The fault-locking module will clear the corresponding fault-locking status identifier in its internal register, and the power supply circuit will be reinstated into the effective sorting pool to participate in subsequent power quality assessment and priority sorting.

[0078] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A priority-based intelligent control system for automatic switching of multiple power sources, characterized in that, include: An isolation voltage acquisition module is used to acquire voltage data of each power supply path in a multi-power automatic switching circuit in real time. The power supply decision module is used to calculate the power supply quality assessment value of each power supply circuit based on time-weighted historical cumulative voltage data, dynamically prioritize the power supply circuits according to the power supply quality assessment value, and output circuit control commands in combination with hard access verification. Switch the timing control module to execute circuit control commands; The fault locking module is used to lock the power supply circuit that meets the continuous fault determination conditions, and the fault locking can only be released by manual operation reset. The display alarm module is used to display the circuit operation status of each power supply circuit in real time, and to provide remote alarm prompts for power supply circuits in a fault-locked state. The number of power supply paths in the multi-power automatic switching circuit is N, where 3≤N≤9, including N-1 conventional DC input power supply paths and 1 battery backup input power supply path; the battery backup input power supply path is manually set to a fixed lowest priority and does not participate in dynamic priority sorting. The method for obtaining the power quality assessment value is as follows: Set a sliding time window and divide the sliding time window into m equal time sub-intervals. Calculate the single-interval power supply quality score for each conventional DC input power supply circuit in each time sub-interval. The single-interval power supply quality score is obtained by weighted summation of voltage qualification rate, voltage fluctuation coefficient and voltage deviation, with the sum of weighting coefficients being 1. The original weights for each time sub-interval are calculated using an exponentially decaying weighting function; After normalizing the original weights, the weighted sum of the power supply quality scores of the corresponding time sub-intervals is obtained to get the current power supply quality assessment value of the conventional DC input power supply circuit. The formula for calculating the power supply quality score for a single interval is: ； Where A, B, and C are preset weighting coefficients, satisfying , For the xth ( ) conventional DC input power supply in the i-th ( Voltage pass rate for ) time sub-intervals Let x be the voltage fluctuation coefficient of the x-th conventional DC input power supply in the i-th time sub-interval. Let x be the voltage deviation of the x-th conventional DC input power supply path in the i-th time sub-interval. Let be the end time of the i-th time sub-interval.

2. The priority-based intelligent control multi-power automatic switching system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rules for dynamic priority sorting are as follows: All conventional DC input power supply paths in the multi-power automatic switching circuit are included in the effective sorting pool, and the conventional DC input power supply paths in the effective sorting pool are sorted from high to low according to the power supply quality assessment value. If the power quality assessment values ​​of two or more conventional DC input power supply lines are the same, they will be sorted according to the preset fixed initial priority to generate a dynamic priority list. The dynamic priority list is updated periodically according to a preset update cycle, which is an integer multiple of a single time sub-interval.

3. The priority-based intelligent control multi-power automatic switching system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control command for the combined hard access verification output circuit is specifically as follows: In real time, a hard admission check is performed on each conventional DC input power supply path in the dynamic priority list, and conventional DC input power supply paths that do not meet the hard admission check are removed. The hard admission check includes: the supply voltage of the current conventional DC input power supply path is within the voltage regulation range of the powered equipment. Within the specified range, and the power quality assessment value is not less than the preset power quality qualification threshold. ; If the dynamic priority list is not empty, the conventional DC input power supply path ranked first in the dynamic priority list is selected as the target power supply path. If the power supply path currently in operation in the multi-power automatic switching circuit is different from the target power supply path, then a circuit control command to switch to the target power supply path will be output. If the power supply path currently in operation in the multi-power automatic switching circuit is the same as the target power supply path, then output a circuit control command to maintain the target power supply path. If the dynamic priority list is empty, output the circuit control command to switch to the battery backup input power supply.

4. The priority-based intelligent control multi-power automatic switching system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of executing the circuit control instructions is as follows: When the circuit switching control command is to maintain the target power supply path, the control unit corresponding to the power supply path that is currently in operation in the multi-power automatic switching circuit is kept in the on state, and the switch switching is not performed. When switching to the target power supply circuit, the circuit switching control command immediately sends a shutdown command to the controlled unit corresponding to the power supply circuit that is currently in operation in the multi-power automatic switching circuit. After waiting for the preset switching dead time, the command is immediately sent to the controlled unit corresponding to the target power supply circuit to complete the switching. When the circuit switching control command is to switch to the battery backup input power supply, if the power supply line currently in operation in the multi-power automatic switching circuit is the battery backup input power supply, then the on state of the controlled unit corresponding to the power supply line currently in operation in the multi-power automatic switching circuit is maintained; otherwise, a shutdown command is immediately sent to the controlled unit corresponding to the power supply line currently in operation in the multi-power automatic switching circuit. After waiting for the preset switching dead time, a turn-on command is immediately sent to the controlled unit corresponding to the battery backup input power supply to complete the switching. The switching dead time is less than the maximum power supply duration of the load capacitor in the powered equipment, so as to achieve seamless switching and reduce output voltage drop.

5. The priority-based intelligent control multi-power automatic switching system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The switching dead time is set to be greater than the rated shutdown time of the controlled unit and less than the maximum power supply sustaining time of the load capacitor. The maximum power supply sustaining time of the load capacitor is calculated by the sustaining time formula, which is used to ensure that the load capacitor can independently maintain the normal operation of the powered equipment during the switching dead time.

6. The priority-based intelligent control multi-power automatic switching system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The condition for determining persistent fault is: If the conventional DC input power supply circuit fails to meet the hard access verification within the preset first fault judgment time, or the supply voltage remains at 0; The backup battery power supply circuit continuously supplies power at a voltage lower than the minimum operating voltage that supports the operation of the powered equipment during the second fault determination time.

7. The priority-based intelligent control multi-power automatic switching system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The circuit operating status includes real-time power supply voltage, power supply quality assessment value, current priority, and fault lockout status.

8. The priority-based intelligent control multi-power automatic switching system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each power supply circuit in the multi-power automatic switching circuit is equipped with a controlled unit. The controlled unit uses a semiconductor switching device with reverse blocking capability. The semiconductor switching device is connected in series between the output terminal of the power supply circuit and the input terminal of the powered device to prevent the voltage on the powered device side from being fed back into the power supply circuit.

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