A two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining a drawer-type integrated structure and a flexible cold plate.

Abstract

This invention discloses a two-phase liquid cooling system combining a drawer-type integrated structure with a flexible cold plate, relating to the fields of thermal management and two-phase liquid cooling technology. It includes a microchannel plate module, in which an internal microchannel network is etched into the flexible cold plate, followed by microchannel processing and surface treatment to generate a microchannel flexible cold plate; a liquid path connection module, which connects the assembled cold plate assembly to the inlet and outlet pipes of the two-phase coolant and includes a liquid path monitor to obtain a liquid path cold plate assembly; and a flow rate balancing module, which, based on the liquid path monitoring data, adjusts the flow rate and local pressure of the two-phase coolant in each microchannel in real time to obtain a balanced cold plate assembly. By embedding the microchannel flexible cold plate into the drawer-type support structure and pressing it tightly together, the system achieves both efficient heat conduction and close contact while maintaining the flexibility of being removable and replaceable, significantly improving assembly reliability and heat exchange efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal management and two-phase liquid cooling technology, and in particular to a two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system that combines a drawer-type integrated structure with a flexible cold plate. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of high-performance computing, data centers, and power electronic devices, the heat flux density generated by chips and modules during operation has increased significantly, making traditional air cooling methods insufficient to meet heat dissipation requirements. Therefore, liquid cooling technology has gradually become an important approach to addressing the challenges of high heat flux density heat dissipation. Among these technologies, two-phase cooling utilizes the absorption of a large amount of latent heat during the phase change of a liquid, achieving efficient heat exchange within a limited volume. It has been widely applied in the cooling design of server processors, communication equipment, and high-performance power modules.

[0003] While existing two-phase cold plate liquid cooling technology demonstrates significant advantages in high heat flux density heat dissipation, there is still room for improvement in assembly flexibility and localized cooling uniformity. Traditional monolithic cold plates are limited by their fixed structure during processing and assembly, making modular extraction or replacement difficult and hindering equipment maintenance and expansion. Furthermore, the flow distribution of liquid within microchannels is prone to uneven localized cooling due to inlet pressure fluctuations or differences in channel resistance, thus affecting the overall heat exchange performance of the cold plate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the aforementioned existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system that combines a drawer-type integrated structure with a flexible cold plate to solve the problems of insufficient flexibility in cold plate assembly structure and uneven distribution of local coolant.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining a drawer-type integrated structure and a flexible cold plate, comprising a load-bearing structure module, which is formed by processing a metal high thermal conductivity material to form a drawer-type cold plate load-bearing structure;

[0008] The microchannel plate module involves carving an internal microchannel network into the interior of a flexible cold plate, followed by microchannel processing and surface treatment to generate a microchannel flexible cold plate.

[0009] The assembly and fixing module embeds the microchannel flexible cold plate into the drawer-type cold plate support structure and tightly fits it to the heat source surface through a pressing and fixing process to obtain the assembly cold plate assembly.

[0010] The liquid circuit connection module connects the assembled cold plate assembly to the inlet and outlet pipelines of the two-phase coolant, and sets up a liquid circuit monitor to obtain the liquid circuit cold plate assembly;

[0011] The flow rate equalization module combines the liquid circuit cooling plate assembly with liquid circuit monitoring data to adjust the flow rate and local pressure of the two-phase coolant in each microchannel in real time, thus obtaining the equalized cooling plate assembly.

[0012] The circulation control module uses a high-precision electronically controlled flow pump to pressurize the two-phase coolant and form a stable circulating flow in the equalization cold plate assembly. After microchannel flow and local pressure closed-loop optimization adjustment, the circulating cold plate bearing structure is obtained.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining the drawer-type integrated structure and the flexible cold plate described in this invention, the specific steps for processing the high thermal conductivity metal material to form the drawer-type cold plate load-bearing structure are as follows:

[0014] High-thermal-conductivity metal materials are milled with high precision to obtain drawer base plates, and then cavity milling is performed to generate flexible cold plate support cavities.

[0015] The flexible cold plate bearing cavity is pressed and its flatness is corrected to obtain a flexible cold plate fitting cavity. Then, the fluid interface reserved hole is drilled and the thread is processed to obtain a flow bearing structure.

[0016] The flow-support structure is processed with slide rails and integrated into a drawer-type cold plate support structure.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining the drawer-type integrated structure and the flexible cold plate described in this invention, the specific steps of carving an internal microchannel network into the flexible cold plate and performing microchannel processing and surface treatment to generate a microchannel flexible cold plate are as follows.

[0018] The flexible cold plate is cleaned and dried to obtain a steady-state flexible cold plate, and then microchannel path design and engraving process are carried out to obtain a microchannel network cold plate.

[0019] Microchannel network cold plates are subjected to microchannel depth and width deviation correction and surface optimization treatment to obtain microchannel flexible cold plates.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining the drawer-type integrated structure and the flexible cold plate described in this invention, the specific steps of embedding the microchannel flexible cold plate into the drawer-type cold plate bearing structure and tightly bonding it to the heat source surface through a pressing and fixing process to obtain the assembled cold plate assembly are as follows.

[0021] The microchannel flexible cold plate is embedded into the drawer-type cold plate support structure using a positioning clamp, and a uniform initial pressure is applied to the microchannel flexible cold plate to obtain a bonded pre-cooled plate.

[0022] Multi-point synchronous servo pressing and microchannel interface inspection are performed on the pre-assembled components to obtain the assembled cold plate assembly.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining the drawer-type integrated structure and flexible cold plate described in this invention, the steps of connecting the assembled cold plate assembly to the inlet and outlet pipes of the two-phase coolant and setting up a liquid path monitor to obtain the liquid path cold plate assembly are as follows:

[0024] Connect the cold plate assembly to the two-phase coolant pipeline, start the circulation and adjust the inlet pressure to the predetermined initial value, collect the inlet pressure data of each microchannel for preliminary pressure equalization correction, and obtain the initial pressure equalization fluid circuit board.

[0025] The flow meter, pressure sensor, and temperature sensor are fixed to the initial pressure equalization circuit board to generate the complete circuit board;

[0026] The flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the entire fluid circuit board were verified, and the sealing heat exchange data were integrated for comprehensive evaluation to obtain the fluid circuit cold plate assembly.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining the drawer-type integrated structure and flexible cold plate described in this invention, the specific steps for adjusting the flow rate and local pressure of the two-phase coolant in each microchannel in real time by combining the liquid channel cold plate assembly with liquid channel monitoring data to obtain a balanced cold plate assembly are as follows.

[0028] The inlet pressure of the liquid cooling plate assembly was set and the initial circulation was started. At the same time, the inlet pressure data of each microchannel was collected and the initial pressure was adjusted to obtain the initial balanced flow state.

[0029] Local pressure monitoring is performed on the initial equilibrium flow state, and liquid circuit monitoring data is collected and input into the closed-loop control algorithm for pressure optimization and adjustment to obtain the pressure equilibrium state. The initial pressure distribution is obtained through microchannel pressure monitoring and data recording.

[0030] The flow rate and local pressure of each microchannel are adjusted using the initial pressure distribution to generate a pressure equalization plate.

[0031] The microchannel flow rate, local pressure, and heat flow are adjusted and optimized in real time by using a pressure equalization plate to form a balanced cold plate assembly.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment of the two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining the drawer-type integrated structure and flexible cold plate described in this invention, the following steps are taken: The two-phase coolant is pressurized using an electrically controlled flow pump, forming a stable circulating flow state in the balanced cold plate assembly. After microchannel flow and local pressure closed-loop optimization adjustment, a circulating cold plate bearing structure is obtained.

[0033] A high-precision electronically controlled flow pump pressurizes the two-phase coolant at a set flow rate, allowing it to enter each microchannel of the equalization cold plate assembly from the inlet. At the same time, the inlet pressure data of the microchannels is collected for preliminary pressure equalization correction to obtain a stable circulating flow state.

[0034] By optimizing the microchannel flow rate and local pressure in a stable circulating flow state through closed-loop adjustment, a circulating cold plate bearing structure is obtained.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining the drawer-type integrated structure and flexible cold plate described in this invention, the specific steps for performing microchannel flow rate and local pressure closed-loop optimization adjustment on the stable circulating flow state to obtain the circulating cold plate bearing structure are as follows.

[0036] By using a pressure sensor to collect local pressure in a microchannel and perform preliminary closed-loop correction on a stable circulating flow state, a preliminary pressure-equalized microchannel flow state is generated, and the microchannel flow rate is then optimized and adjusted in a closed loop to obtain a closed-loop equalized flow state.

[0037] By performing microchannel local heat flow closed-loop compensation on the closed-loop equilibrium flow state, a heat flow equilibrium circulating cold plate is obtained.

[0038] By integrating and verifying the microchannel pressure, flow rate, and heat flow data of the heat flow balanced circulating cold plate, the load-bearing structure of the circulating cold plate was obtained.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining the drawer-type integrated structure and the flexible cold plate described in this invention, the sealed heat exchange data is obtained by collecting the pressure change, flow rate change, and inlet and outlet temperature change of the entire liquid circuit board, while simultaneously monitoring the leakage of the entire liquid circuit board.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of the two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining the drawer-type integrated structure and the flexible cold plate described in this invention, the local pressure is obtained by continuously measuring the pressure changes at different positions of each microchannel and analyzing the instantaneous pressure distribution of each microchannel under actual flow conditions.

[0041] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by embedding the microchannel flexible cold plate into the drawer-type support structure and pressing it tightly together, it achieves the flexibility of being removable and replaceable while maintaining efficient heat conduction and close contact, significantly improving assembly reliability and heat exchange efficiency; at the same time, by combining liquid circuit monitoring data to adjust the flow rate and local pressure of the two-phase coolant in real time, it achieves a balanced distribution of coolant in each microchannel, effectively avoiding local overcooling or overheating, thus taking into account both the structural maintainability of the system and the cooling balance during operation, ultimately improving the long-term stability and reliability of the overall liquid cooling system. Attached Figure Description

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system that combines a drawer-type integrated structure with a flexible cold plate.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the processing of a drawer-type cold-rolled steel plate load-bearing structure.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the microchannel flexible cold plate processing.

[0046] Figure 4 Flowchart for the pressing and assembly of cold plate components. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0049] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0050] Reference Figures 1-4 As one embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides a two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining a drawer-type integrated structure and a flexible cold plate, comprising the following steps:

[0051] The load-bearing structural module is made of metal high thermal conductivity material to form a drawer-type cold plate load-bearing structure.

[0052] High-thermal-conductivity metal materials are milled with high precision to obtain drawer base plates, and then cavity milling is performed to generate flexible cold plate support cavities.

[0053] Furthermore, the processing control software loads the drawer base plate processing instructions and performs rough machining according to the milling program based on tool path planning to remove most of the excess material and preliminarily shape it. Then, the finishing machining is performed to meet the requirements of the drawer base plate's shape and position accuracy, flatness, and surface finish, thus completing the high-precision milling of the drawer base plate. The processing control software loads the cavity milling instructions, re-clamps the drawer base plate and corrects the reference surface. The step-by-step cavity milling program first rough mills the cavity outline to form the cavity volume, then finish mills the inner surface of the cavity and key geometric dimensions, and performs deburring and dimensional and flatness inspections to generate a flexible cold plate bearing cavity.

[0054] It should also be noted that the machining instructions for the drawer base plate are obtained from the machining process database, the workpiece material property table, and the tool parameter manual. At the same time, reasonable cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and tool path information are obtained by combining historical machining records and experimental experience. Then, the machining control software generates executable machining instructions for roughing and finishing of the drawer base plate on a milling machine.

[0055] The cavity milling instructions are obtained from the machining process database, drawer base plate geometry information, tool parameter manual and cavity machining strategy experience. At the same time, combined with historical machining records and simulation results, reasonable cutting paths, cutting depths and feed rates are determined, and then the machining control software generates executable cavity milling instructions.

[0056] The flexible cold plate bearing cavity is pressed and its flatness is corrected to obtain a flexible cold plate fitting cavity. Then, the fluid interface reserved hole is drilled and the thread is processed to obtain a flow bearing structure.

[0057] Furthermore, the flexible cold plate bearing cavity is placed on the positioning fixture using a positioning fixture placement command. The reference surface processed by the drawer base plate is aligned with the positioning features, and the flexible cold plate pressing and flatness correction command is loaded. The pressing control software applies uniform pressing force according to the preset pressing sequence and multi-point pressure distribution monitoring operation to eliminate the contact gap between the microchannel flexible cold plate and the cavity and achieve continuous bonding. After the flexible cold plate is bonded to the cavity, the fluid interface reserved hole drilling and thread processing command is loaded according to the fluid interface layout information. The processing control software executes the drilling depth, thread specification and position information operation to make the microchannel fluid interface and the reserved hole precisely aligned and form an assemblable flow bearing structure.

[0058] The positioning fixture placement command is generated by using the reference hole and reference surface data formed during the processing of the drawer-type cold plate bearing structure. This data is obtained through three-dimensional measurement equipment or laser scanning and compared with the standard reference in the design drawings to generate error correction parameters. During the command generation process, the actual reference coordinates are first extracted from the measurement data, and then a mapping relationship is established with the design coordinates to output the corrected reference point information. The corrected reference point information is then integrated into the positioning fixture placement command.

[0059] The flexible cold plate pressing and flatness correction command is obtained by using the geometric dimensions, fluid interface layout, and pressing requirements of the microchannel flexible cold plate and the flexible cold plate bearing cavity, as well as the geometric coordinates, reference surface position, and surface morphology data output from the flexible cold plate CAD design file and the cavity processing program. The processing control software generates the pressing sequence and pressure adjustment operation parameters based on these geometric coordinates, pressing sequence, and multi-point pressure monitoring requirements, thus forming the flexible cold plate pressing and flatness correction command.

[0060] The drilling and threading instructions for the reserved holes of the fluid interface are obtained by reading the fluid interface layout file of the microchannel flexible cold plate and the machining reference coordinate file of the flexible cold plate bearing cavity through the machining control software. The machining control software generates specific drilling and threading operation parameters based on the hole coordinates, drilling depth, thread specifications and machining sequence, thus forming the drilling and threading instructions for the reserved holes of the fluid interface.

[0061] The flow-support structure is processed with slide rails and integrated into a drawer-type cold plate support structure.

[0062] Furthermore, the flow-supporting structure is loaded with slide rail processing instructions through processing control software, and the slide rail position, depth, and guide angle are processed according to the assembly reference coordinates of the drawer-type cold plate support structure to ensure precise matching between the slide rail and the flow-supporting structure. The processing control software executes the structural integration instructions, aligns and fixes the flexible cold plate bonding cavity with the flow-supporting structure processed by the slide rail according to the assembly sequence, and achieves precise matching between components and overall stability to form the drawer-type cold plate support structure.

[0063] The slide rail machining instructions are generated by reading and parsing the slide rail geometry, position coordinates, and guide angle information of the drawer-type cold plate bearing structure, as well as the assembly reference surface and positioning features of the microchannel flexible cold plate fitting cavity. This information is then used by the software to form the slide rail machining path, tool parameters, and machining sequence, thereby obtaining instructions for controlling the machine tool to perform slide rail machining.

[0064] The microchannel plate module involves carving an internal microchannel network into the interior of a flexible cold plate, followed by microchannel processing and surface treatment to generate a microchannel flexible cold plate.

[0065] The flexible cold plate is surface cleaned and dried to obtain a steady-state flexible cold plate, and then microchannel path design and engraving process are carried out to obtain a microchannel network cold plate.

[0066] Furthermore, the steady-state flexible cold plate is placed in the processing station after cleaning and drying. Surface residues are removed with cleaning agents or solvents, and the plate is then blown or baked to ensure uniform surface drying, resulting in a steady-state flexible cold plate. Subsequently, a microchannel path engraving instruction is loaded. The machining control software reads the microchannel path planning data and tool parameter information, and performs microchannel engraving on the steady-state flexible cold plate, causing the tool to cut along a predetermined path to form a microchannel network cold plate that meets the requirements for fluid flow.

[0067] The cleaning and drying placement instructions are derived from the steady-state flexible cold plate processing records and process documents. The processing control software reads the dimensions, reference surfaces, and positioning feature information of the steady-state flexible cold plate and generates the instructions by combining the station layout, fixture positioning parameters, and cleaning and drying specifications.

[0068] The microchannel path engraving instructions are derived from the microchannel path planning file and tool parameter library. The machining control software reads the geometry, reference plane, and microchannel fluid flow requirements of the steady-state flexible cold plate, and generates microchannel path engraving instructions by combining the prepared microchannel path planning file, tool diameter, depth of cut, and feed rate.

[0069] Microchannel network cold plates are subjected to microchannel depth and width deviation correction and surface optimization treatment to obtain microchannel flexible cold plates.

[0070] Furthermore, the microchannel network cold plate is loaded into the machining control software via microchannel deviation correction instructions. Based on the measurement results of microchannel depth and width, path correction and cutting parameters are adjusted, and local trimming and surface polishing operations are performed on the microchannels to ensure that the width, depth, and surface condition of the microchannels meet the fluid flow requirements. During the machining process, the microchannel contour information is acquired in real time through non-contact measurement or laser scanning, and the tool path or feed rate is corrected under software guidance based on the measurement results to complete the microchannel deviation correction and surface optimization treatment, thereby obtaining the microchannel flexible cold plate.

[0071] The microchannel deviation correction instruction is based on the actual microchannel contour measurement file exported by the contour measuring instrument or laser scanning equipment, the original microchannel path engraving instruction, the tool parameter library, and the machining reference coordinates. By importing and aligning the measurement file and the original tool path file in the machining control software, the deviation data of depth and width are generated. Then, the tool path is locally offset, the cutting depth is layered and adjusted, and the back cutting toolpath is trimmed in the machining control software. After the virtual simulation verification is qualified, the machine tool executable file is exported, and finally the microchannel deviation correction instruction that can be used to correct the microchannel contour is formed.

[0072] The assembly and fixing module embeds the microchannel flexible cold plate into the drawer-type cold plate support structure, and then uses a pressing and fixing process to tightly bond it to the heat source surface, thus obtaining the assembled cold plate assembly.

[0073] The microchannel flexible cold plate is embedded into the drawer-type cold plate support structure using a positioning fixture, and a uniform initial pressure is applied to the microchannel flexible cold plate to obtain a bonded pre-cooled plate.

[0074] Furthermore, the microchannel flexible cold plate is placed on a positioning fixture. The positioning features from the machining of the drawer-type cold plate support structure are used to determine the reference pins and reference surfaces, aligning the calibration reference of the microchannel flexible cold plate with the assembly reference of the drawer-type cold plate support structure. The drawer-type cold plate support structure is then positioned along the slide rail or guide towards the positioning fixture. During the machining stage of the drawer-type cold plate support structure, pre-drilled holes are formed according to the fluid interface layout plan, allowing the microchannel flexible cold plate to mate with the inner surface of the flexible cold plate support cavity, aligning the fluid interface with the pre-drilled holes. After the microchannel flexible cold plate and the drawer-type cold plate support structure are aligned, a flexible pressure distribution pad is used in conjunction with multi-point synchronous pressure... The process involves applying uniform initial pressure to eliminate contact gaps and promote continuous bonding between the microchannel flexible cold plate and the heat source contact surface. During the application of uniform initial pressure, distributed pressure sensors or pressure-sensitive films are used to monitor the pressure distribution at each measuring point, and the fixtures are fine-tuned or shims are added based on the measured pressure difference to correct uneven force. After the initial pressure is maintained to meet the predetermined uniformity, the bonding surface between the microchannel flexible cold plate and the drawer-type cold plate support structure is visually inspected and non-contact thickness or surface shape measurements are performed to confirm the planar bonding condition. The initial pressure parameters and bonding inspection results (such as initial pressure holding time, measured pressure distribution curve, and non-contact thickness measurement results) are recorded to obtain the bonding pre-cooled plate.

[0075] It should also be noted that the predetermined uniformity is achieved by real-time monitoring of the pressure at each measuring point of the microchannel flexible cold plate using distributed pressure sensors or pressure-sensitive films, comparing the pressure difference at each measuring point with the pre-set allowable pressure difference range, and achieving the predetermined uniformity when the pressure difference at all measuring points is within the allowable pressure difference range and the overall pressure distribution is stable and continuous.

[0076] Multi-point synchronous servo pressing and microchannel interface inspection are performed on the pre-assembled components to obtain the assembled cold plate assembly.

[0077] Furthermore, before implementing multi-point synchronous servo pressing, the pre-assembled components are aligned and positioned with the reference surface using positioning fixtures; pre-pressing is applied to the pre-cooled plate to eliminate contact gaps, and distributed pressure sensors are used to monitor the pressure distribution at each measuring point in real time to assess the uniformity of force; during multi-point synchronous servo pressing, based on the material characteristics, thickness distribution, and target flatness of the microchannel flexible cold plate and drawer-type cold plate bearing structure, a curve is used to drive each servo actuator to synchronously close the loop by gradually increasing the pressing force while corresponding to the displacement change. In the main pressing stage, flatness and surface shape are measured by non-contact contour scanning or laser thickness measurement to obtain the bonding performance index; after the main pressing is completed, the pressure holding stage is entered. During the pressure holding phase, microchannel interface inspection is carried out. The microchannel interface inspection includes visible light microscopic inspection, interface fit measurement, and air pressure leakage test. A coordinate measuring machine is used to align and compare the position of the microchannel interface with the reserved hole of the fluid interface and record the interface fit. Based on the flatness measurement and microchannel interface inspection results, the pressing curve or local servo force is fine-tuned and the pressing and inspection cycle is repeated as needed until the flatness and interface fit meet the acceptance criteria. After pressing and inspection, the assembly surface is cleaned and the final appearance and functional inspection is performed through optical inspection and functional testing. Multi-point synchronous servo pressing parameters and microchannel interface inspection records are recorded to obtain the assembled cold plate assembly.

[0078] The liquid circuit connection module connects the assembled cold plate assembly to the inlet and outlet pipelines of the two-phase coolant, and sets up a liquid circuit monitor to obtain the liquid circuit cold plate assembly.

[0079] Connect the cold plate assembly to the two-phase coolant pipeline, start the circulation and adjust the inlet pressure to the predetermined initial value, collect the inlet pressure data of each microchannel for preliminary pressure equalization correction, and obtain the initial pressure equalization fluid circuit board.

[0080] Furthermore, the assembly of the cold plate component is reliably connected to the inlet and outlet pipelines of the two-phase coolant, and a sealing check is performed. The circulation pump is started to allow the two-phase coolant to flow in the loop and the inlet pressure is adjusted. Based on the characteristics of the two-phase coolant, the microchannel size, and the flow resistance of the cold plate bearing structure, the initial flow state is established using the inlet pressure determined through experimental experience. During the inlet pressure adjustment process, pressure sensors are placed at the inlet of each microchannel and the inlet pressure data of each microchannel is collected in real time. Difference analysis is performed based on the collected pressure data to identify pressure deviations between microchannels. According to the pressure deviation, local pressure adjustment is performed by adjusting the inlet flow distribution component or using a throttle valve. Short-term circulation is performed and the pressure inlet pressure of each microchannel is repeatedly collected and the opening of the inlet flow distribution component or throttle valve is adjusted until the inlet pressure of each microchannel tends to be consistent. The inlet pressure adjustment process and the final pressure distribution are recorded to obtain the initial pressure equalization fluid circuit board.

[0081] The flow meter, pressure sensor, and temperature sensor are fixed to the initial pressure equalization circuit board to form the complete circuit board.

[0082] Furthermore, the installation positions of the flow meter, pressure sensor, and temperature sensor are selected on the initial pressure equalization circuit board according to the fluid loop layout requirements. Positioning fixtures or reference surfaces are used to position the sensors, aligning each sensor interface with the microchannel inlet, outlet, and key measuring points. Sensors are then secured using methods including thread tightening, compression sealing, or adhesive bonding, ensuring they do not loosen or shift under cyclic operating pressure. After sensor placement and fixation, the flow meter, pressure sensor, and temperature sensor are connected to the recorder via wiring or piping to ensure reliable data acquisition. The installed sensors undergo flow testing and functional verification, including checking the flow rate of the flow meter, the response sensitivity of the pressure sensor, and the measurement accuracy of the temperature sensor, ensuring each measuring point can properly monitor the circulating flow. Finally, after sensor placement, fixation, and verification, the initial pressure equalization circuit board and all sensors are integrated to form a complete circuit board.

[0083] The flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the entire fluid circuit board were verified, and the sealing heat exchange data were integrated for comprehensive evaluation to obtain the fluid circuit cold plate assembly.

[0084] Furthermore, the entire fluid circuit board is connected to the circulation pump, and the two-phase coolant circulation is started, allowing the liquid to flow within each microchannel. Simultaneously, the flow meter, pressure sensor, and temperature sensor are calibrated, arranged, signal-conditioned, and sampled in real time. The flow, pressure, and temperature values ​​measured at each measuring point are compared with the allowable ranges determined based on coolant characteristics, microchannel dimensions, flow resistance calculations, and experimental experience. Based on the physical properties of the two-phase coolant, the microchannel geometry, and the flow resistance characteristics of the supporting structure, combined with experimental calibration and design operating conditions, the predetermined operating parameter ranges for flow, pressure, and temperature are determined. It is also determined whether each measuring point meets the predetermined operating parameter ranges. For the collected flow, pressure, and temperature data, the time series of each microchannel or measuring point is first processed and statistically analyzed, for example, by calculating the average value. The system measures the standard deviation, maximum and minimum values, and fluctuation range. It compares the data at each measurement point with adjacent microchannels or historical reference data, identifying points that significantly deviate from the average level or exhibit abnormal trends to determine abnormal fluctuations. Simultaneously, it analyzes the location and extent of local differences or uneven flow patterns by considering the spatial distribution of flow rate, pressure, and temperature between microchannels, eliminating imbalances through local throttling, interface adjustments, or pipeline fine-tuning. After flow rate, pressure, and temperature verification, it conducts sealing and heat exchange tests. By simultaneously monitoring the inlet and outlet temperature difference of the complete liquid circuit board, the flow rate and pressure balance of each microchannel, and leakage, it comprehensively assesses heat exchange efficiency and reliability. After confirming that the flow rate, pressure, temperature, and sealing heat exchange performance all meet the requirements through comprehensive evaluation, the complete liquid circuit board is finally assembled into a liquid circuit cold plate assembly.

[0085] The flow rate balancing module combines the liquid circuit cooling plate assembly with liquid circuit monitoring data to adjust the flow rate and local pressure of the two-phase coolant in each microchannel in real time, thus obtaining a balanced cooling plate assembly.

[0086] The inlet pressure of the liquid cooling plate assembly is set and the initial circulation is started. At the same time, the inlet pressure data of each microchannel is collected and the initial pressure is adjusted to obtain the initial balanced flow state.

[0087] Furthermore, an initial circulation pressure is set at the inlet of the liquid cooling plate assembly through pressure regulation, and the initial circulation of the two-phase coolant is initiated, allowing the liquid to flow through each microchannel. At the same time, pressure sensors are used to collect the inlet pressure data of each microchannel in real time, and microchannels that deviate from the target pressure are finely adjusted by adjusting the inlet valves, so that the inlet pressure of each microchannel tends to be balanced, thereby forming a preliminary balanced flow state.

[0088] Local pressure monitoring is performed on the initial equilibrium flow state. At the same time, liquid path monitoring data (including inlet pressure, outlet pressure and flow information of each microchannel) are collected and input into the closed-loop control algorithm for pressure optimization and adjustment to obtain the pressure equilibrium state. The initial pressure distribution is obtained through microchannel pressure monitoring and data recording operations.

[0089] Furthermore, under initial flow equilibrium, the local pressure of each microchannel is continuously monitored by pressure sensors. Simultaneously, flow rate, pressure, and temperature data of the liquid cooling plate assembly are collected. The collected liquid monitoring data is input into a closed-loop control algorithm. The pressure deviation is calculated by comparing the real-time pressure data collected by each microchannel with the target pressure value. Based on the pressure deviation, the opening of the inlet flow distribution component is dynamically adjusted using proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control or other known closed-loop control methods. This continuously regulates the local pressure of each microchannel, optimizing and adjusting the pressure in real time to achieve a balanced state. The initial pressure distribution is obtained through microchannel pressure monitoring and data recording.

[0090] The initial pressure distribution is used to regulate the flow rate and local pressure of each microchannel, thereby generating a pressure equalization plate.

[0091] Furthermore, by utilizing the initial pressure distribution information, the flow rate and local pressure of each microchannel in the liquid cooling plate assembly are individually adjusted. Through the adjustment of valves, pump control, and fluid channel resistance, the pressure and flow rate of each microchannel are brought into a balanced state, thereby generating a pressure equalization plate.

[0092] The microchannel flow rate, local pressure, and heat flow are adjusted and optimized in real time by using a pressure equalization plate to form a balanced cold plate assembly.

[0093] Furthermore, by utilizing a pressure equalization plate, the flow rate, local pressure, and heat flow of each microchannel in the liquid cooling plate assembly are monitored in real time. Through valve adjustment, pump control operation, and fluid resistance optimization, the pressure distribution, flow distribution, and heat transfer of each microchannel are made to reach a stable and balanced state, forming a balanced cooling plate assembly.

[0094] The circulation control module uses an electronically controlled flow pump to pressurize the two-phase coolant and form a stable circulating flow in the equalization cold plate assembly. After microchannel flow and local pressure closed-loop optimization adjustment, the circulating cold plate bearing structure is obtained.

[0095] The two-phase coolant is pressurized at a set flow rate by an electronically controlled flow pump, so that it enters each microchannel of the equalization cold plate assembly from the inlet. At the same time, the inlet pressure data of the microchannels is collected for preliminary pressure equalization correction to obtain a stable circulating flow state.

[0096] Furthermore, the two-phase coolant is pressurized by an electronically controlled flow pump at a set flow rate, allowing the coolant to enter each microchannel of the equalization cold plate assembly from the inlet. At the same time, pressure sensors collect the inlet pressure data of the microchannels, and preliminary pressure equalization correction is performed through valve or pump control operations, so that the pressure distribution and flow distribution of each microchannel tend to be stable, thereby forming a stable circulating flow state.

[0097] By using a pressure sensor to collect local pressure in a microchannel and perform preliminary closed-loop correction on a stable circulating flow state, a preliminary pressure-equilibrium microchannel flow state is generated. Then, the microchannel flow rate is optimized and adjusted in a closed loop to obtain a closed-loop equilibrium flow state.

[0098] Furthermore, local pressure is collected from the microchannels in a stable circulating flow state using pressure sensors, and preliminary closed-loop correction is implemented using valve regulation or pump control to make the pressure in each microchannel tend to be balanced, generating a preliminary pressure-balanced microchannel flow state. Subsequently, combined with the liquid circuit monitoring data, closed-loop optimization regulation is performed on the flow rate of each microchannel to achieve a coordinated balance between the microchannel flow rate and local pressure, thereby obtaining a closed-loop balanced flow state.

[0099] By performing microchannel local heat flow closed-loop compensation on the closed-loop equilibrium flow state, a heat flow equilibrium circulating cold plate is obtained.

[0100] Furthermore, by using heat flux sensors to collect local heat flux data from each microchannel in the closed-loop equilibrium flow state, the heat flux value of each microchannel is matched with the target equilibrium heat flux value, and the direction and magnitude of the deviation are observed. If the heat flux of a certain microchannel is less than the target equilibrium heat flux, it indicates that the heat transfer of that channel is insufficient, and the pump flow rate or valve opening needs to be increased; if the heat flux is greater than the target equilibrium heat flux, it indicates that the heat transfer of that channel is too high, and the pump flow rate or valve opening needs to be reduced. This deviation judgment can be accomplished by observing whether the heat flux at each measuring point deviates from the target value in real time for each channel, and the deviation can be used to directly guide the pump flow rate control or valve adjustment, so that the heat flux of each microchannel gradually approaches the target equilibrium value, resulting in a heat flux-equilibrium circulating cold plate.

[0101] By integrating and verifying the microchannel pressure, flow rate, and heat flow data of the heat flow balanced circulating cold plate, the load-bearing structure of the circulating cold plate was obtained.

[0102] Furthermore, the microchannel pressure, flow rate, and heat flow of the heat flow balanced circulating cold plate are simultaneously collected and integrated. Through channel-by-channel performance analysis and overall circulation verification, the local pressure fluctuations, flow distribution uniformity, and heat transfer effect of the microchannel are detected. Based on the verification results, necessary fine-tuning operations are performed to finally obtain the circulating cold plate load-bearing structure.

[0103] In summary, this invention achieves a balance between efficient heat conduction and close contact, while maintaining the flexibility of being removable and replaceable. This significantly improves assembly reliability and heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, by integrating liquid circuit monitoring data to adjust the flow rate and local pressure of the two-phase coolant in real time, a balanced distribution of coolant is achieved in each microchannel, effectively preventing localized overcooling or overheating. This balances the system's structural maintainability with balanced cooling during operation, ultimately enhancing the long-term stability and reliability of the overall liquid cooling system.

[0104] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining a drawer-type integrated structure with a flexible cold plate, characterized in that: include, The load-bearing structural module is made of metal high thermal conductivity material to form a drawer-type cold plate load-bearing structure; The microchannel plate module involves carving an internal microchannel network into the interior of a flexible cold plate, followed by microchannel processing and surface treatment to generate a microchannel flexible cold plate. The assembly and fixing module embeds the microchannel flexible cold plate into the drawer-type cold plate support structure and tightly fits it to the heat source surface through a pressing and fixing process to obtain the assembly cold plate assembly. The liquid circuit connection module connects the assembled cold plate assembly to the inlet and outlet pipelines of the two-phase coolant, and sets up a liquid circuit monitor to obtain the liquid circuit cold plate assembly; The flow rate balancing module combines the liquid channel cooling plate assembly with liquid channel monitoring data to adjust the flow rate and local pressure of the two-phase coolant in each microchannel in real time, resulting in a balanced cooling plate assembly. The specific steps are as follows. The inlet pressure of the liquid cooling plate assembly was set and the initial circulation was started. At the same time, the inlet pressure data of each microchannel was collected and the initial pressure was adjusted to obtain the initial balanced flow state. Local pressure monitoring is performed on the initial equilibrium flow state, and liquid circuit monitoring data is collected and input into the closed-loop control algorithm for pressure optimization and adjustment to obtain the pressure equilibrium state. The initial pressure distribution is obtained through microchannel pressure monitoring and data recording. The flow rate and local pressure of each microchannel are adjusted using the initial pressure distribution to generate a pressure equalization plate. The microchannel flow rate, local pressure, and heat flow are adjusted and optimized in real time by using a pressure equalization plate to form a balanced cold plate assembly; The circulation control module uses an electronically controlled flow pump to pressurize the two-phase coolant and create a stable circulating flow within the equalization cold plate assembly. Through microchannel flow and local pressure closed-loop optimization, a circulating cold plate support structure is obtained. The specific steps are as follows. By using a high-precision pressure sensor to collect local pressure in a microchannel and perform preliminary closed-loop correction on a stable circulating flow state, a preliminary pressure-equalized microchannel flow state is generated, and the microchannel flow rate is optimized and adjusted in a closed loop to obtain a closed-loop equalized flow state. By performing microchannel local heat flow closed-loop compensation on the closed-loop equilibrium flow state, a heat flow equilibrium circulating cold plate is obtained. By integrating and verifying the microchannel pressure, flow rate, and heat flow data of the heat flow balanced circulating cold plate, the load-bearing structure of the circulating cold plate was obtained.

2. The two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining a drawer-type integrated structure and a flexible cold plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for processing the high thermal conductivity metal material to form a drawer-type cold plate support structure are as follows. High-thermal-conductivity metal materials are milled with high precision to obtain drawer base plates, and then cavity milling is performed to generate flexible cold plate support cavities. The flexible cold plate bearing cavity is pressed and its flatness is corrected to obtain a flexible cold plate fitting cavity. Then, the fluid interface reserved hole is drilled and the thread is processed to obtain a flow bearing structure. The flow-support structure is processed with slide rails and integrated into a drawer-type cold plate support structure.

3. The two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining a drawer-type integrated structure and a flexible cold plate as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The process involves carving an internal microchannel network into the flexible cold plate, followed by microchannel processing and surface treatment to generate a microchannel flexible cold plate. The specific steps are as follows: The flexible cold plate undergoes surface cleaning and drying to obtain a stable flexible cold plate, and then undergoes microchannel path design and engraving to obtain a microchannel network cold plate. Microchannel network cold plates are subjected to microchannel depth and width deviation correction and surface optimization treatment to obtain microchannel flexible cold plates.

4. The two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining a drawer-type integrated structure and a flexible cold plate as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The process involves embedding a microchannel flexible cold plate into a drawer-type cold plate support structure and then using a pressing and fixing process to ensure close contact with the heat source surface, resulting in an assembled cold plate assembly. The specific steps are as follows: The microchannel flexible cold plate is embedded into the drawer-type cold plate support structure using a positioning clamp, and a uniform initial pressure is applied to the microchannel flexible cold plate to obtain a bonded pre-cooled plate. Multi-point synchronous servo pressing and microchannel interface inspection are performed on the pre-assembled components to obtain the assembled cold plate assembly.

5. The two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining a drawer-type integrated structure and a flexible cold plate as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The process of connecting the assembled cold plate assembly to the inlet and outlet pipes of the two-phase coolant, and installing a liquid circuit monitor to obtain the liquid circuit cold plate assembly, is as follows: Connect the cold plate assembly to the two-phase coolant pipeline, start the circulation and adjust the inlet pressure to the predetermined initial value, collect the inlet pressure data of each microchannel for preliminary pressure equalization correction, and obtain the initial pressure equalization fluid circuit board. The flow meter, pressure sensor, and temperature sensor are fixed to the initial pressure equalization circuit board to generate the complete circuit board; The flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the entire fluid circuit board were verified, and the sealing heat exchange data were integrated for comprehensive evaluation to obtain the fluid circuit cold plate assembly.

6. The two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining a drawer-type integrated structure and a flexible cold plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The process involves pressurizing the two-phase coolant using an electronically controlled flow pump and creating a stable circulating flow within the balanced cold plate assembly. Through microchannel flow and local pressure closed-loop optimization, a circulating cold plate support structure is obtained. The specific steps are as follows: A high-precision electronically controlled flow pump pressurizes the two-phase coolant at a set flow rate, allowing it to enter each microchannel of the equalization cold plate assembly from the inlet. At the same time, the inlet pressure data of the microchannels is collected for preliminary pressure equalization correction to obtain a stable circulating flow state. By optimizing the microchannel flow rate and local pressure in a stable circulating flow state through closed-loop adjustment, a circulating cold plate bearing structure is obtained.

7. The two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining a drawer-type integrated structure and a flexible cold plate as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The sealed heat exchange data is obtained by collecting pressure changes, flow rate changes, and inlet and outlet temperature changes of the entire fluid manifold, while simultaneously monitoring for leakage in the entire fluid manifold.

8. The two-phase cold plate liquid cooling system combining a drawer-type integrated structure and a flexible cold plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The local pressure is obtained by continuously measuring the pressure changes at different locations in each microchannel and analyzing the instantaneous pressure distribution of each microchannel under actual flow conditions.

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