A platformized absorption desorption experiment device and operation method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of chemical experiment equipment, and discloses a platformized absorption and desorption experiment device and an operation method, which comprises an absorption tower, a thermal desorption tower, a desorption tower, a tower kettle, a carbon dioxide buffer tank, a carbon dioxide gas cylinder, a tower kettle heat exchanger, a lean liquid cooler, a tower top condenser, a lean liquid tank, a rich liquid tank, a pump assembly, a flowmeter assembly, a valve assembly, a gas circuit assembly, a detection assembly, a control system, an aluminum alloy frame and various pipe fittings. The platformized absorption and desorption experiment device integrates the functions of physical absorption, chemical absorption and thermal desorption, can be adapted to various typical experimental systems such as water absorption of carbon dioxide and alcohol amine solution absorption of carbon dioxide, supports single system independent experiment and multi-system comparative experiment, has strong experimental flexibility, can meet the diversified exploration needs of chemical teaching and scientific research, and effectively solves the technical defects of single applicability of the existing device system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of chemical experimental equipment technology, specifically to a platform-based absorption and desorption experimental apparatus and its operating method. Background Technology

[0002] Absorption and desorption, as core unit operations in the chemical industry for substance separation, purification, and tail gas treatment, are widely used in many industries such as energy, environmental protection, and chemicals. Related experimental teaching and research are crucial for mastering the principles of this unit operation and optimizing process parameters; the performance of the experimental apparatus directly affects teaching effectiveness and research reliability.

[0003] Existing absorption and desorption experimental apparatuses have significant technical limitations in practical applications: First, most existing devices can only support a single type of absorption experiment and cannot simultaneously support physical absorption, chemical absorption and thermal desorption processes. They are difficult to cover mainstream experimental systems such as water absorption of carbon dioxide and amine solution absorption of carbon dioxide, thus limiting the scope of experimental research and failing to meet diverse teaching and research needs.

[0004] Second, the existing tower bodies are mostly integrated welded or fixed assembly structures, which cannot be quickly replaced with different types of towers such as packed towers, sieve plate towers, and ultragravity towers according to experimental needs. They lack versatility and are difficult to adapt to experimental requirements with different mass transfer efficiencies and different operating conditions.

[0005] Third, existing devices mostly rely on manual adjustment of key process parameters such as temperature, liquid level, flow rate, and pressure. Manual operation has large errors, parameter stability is poor, and there is a lack of automatic detection, closed-loop control and data recording functions. They also do not reserve hardware interfaces for intelligent upgrades, making it difficult to adapt to the development trend of automated and intelligent experiments.

[0006] Fourth, the existing device has a fixed overall structure and closed pipeline and interface design, which makes it difficult to flexibly connect with other experimental units and expand to complex experimental scenarios such as deep treatment of exhaust gas and development of new absorbents, resulting in a limited application scenario.

[0007] Fifth, the existing hardware architecture does not reserve space for intelligent upgrades, cannot support artificial intelligence-related functions such as automatic fault diagnosis and parameter prediction optimization, and is difficult to adapt to subsequent technology iterations, thus limiting the service life and application value of the equipment.

[0008] In summary, existing absorption and desorption experimental devices suffer from technical shortcomings such as a single system, fixed towers, low automation, poor scalability, and insufficient upgrade potential, failing to simultaneously meet the comprehensive needs of diverse experiments, universal adaptability, automated control, and intelligent upgrades. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a platform-based, modular, and automated absorption and desorption experimental device to overcome the deficiencies of existing technologies and adapt to the development needs of modern chemical teaching and research. Summary of the Invention

[0009] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a platform-based absorption and desorption experimental apparatus and operating method, which solves the problems of existing absorption and desorption experimental apparatus systems being singular, having fixed towers, and having low automation.

[0010] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a platform-based absorption and desorption experimental device, comprising an absorption tower, a thermal desorption tower, a desorption tower, a tower bottom, a carbon dioxide buffer tank, a carbon dioxide gas cylinder, a tower bottom heat exchanger, a lean liquid cooler, a tower top condenser, a lean liquid tank, a rich liquid tank, a pump assembly, a flow meter assembly, a valve assembly, a gas path assembly, a detection assembly, a control system, an aluminum alloy frame, and various pipe fittings; The lean solution tank is connected to the liquid inlet of the absorption tower via a pump assembly, and the bottom overflow port of the absorption tower is connected to the top of the rich solution tank. The rich solution tank is connected to the liquid inlets of the desorption tower and the thermal desorption tower via a pump assembly. The bottom outlet of the thermal desorption tower is connected to the top of the lean solution tank via a pump assembly, a tower bottom heat exchanger, and a lean solution cooler. The carbon dioxide gas cylinder is connected to the gas inlet of the absorption tower via a carbon dioxide buffer tank, a flow meter assembly, and a gas path assembly. The shell-side inlet of the condenser at the top of the tower is connected to the gas outlet at the top of the thermal desorption tower, and the shell-side outlet flows back to the top of the thermal desorption tower. The absorption tower, thermal desorption tower, and desorption tower all adopt standardized quick-release interfaces and detachable pipe fittings for connection, and can be replaced with packed towers, sieve plate towers, or ultragravity towers; the absorption tower, thermal desorption tower, and desorption tower all adopt DN100 sanitary quick-install flanges (quick-release interfaces) and detachable pipe fittings for connection, and the tower body and pipeline are locked together by quick-install clamps; the pump assembly includes a dual-pump structure adapted to different flow rates; the detection component and control system are electrically connected to the pump assembly, flow meter assembly, valve assembly, gas circuit assembly, tower body, and heat exchange components respectively to realize parameter monitoring and automatic control.

[0011] Preferably, the pump assembly includes a small absorption pump, a large absorption pump, a vortex pump, a large desorption pump, a small desorption pump, and a reflux pump; the inlet of the small absorption pump and the inlet of the large absorption pump are both connected to the bottom of the lean liquid tank; the outlet of the large absorption pump is connected to the liquid inlet of the absorption tower after merging with the outlet of the small absorption pump via an absorbent turbine flow meter; the outlet of the vortex pump is connected to the gas inlet of the absorption tower and the gas inlet of the desorption tower via an absorbent gas mass flow meter and a desorption tower gas mass flow meter, respectively; the inlet of the large desorption pump is connected to the bottom of the rich liquid tank, and the outlet is connected to the liquid inlet of the desorption tower via a desorption liquid turbine flow meter; the inlet of the small desorption pump is connected to the bottom of the rich liquid tank, and the outlet is connected to the cold source inlet of the tower bottom heat exchanger; the inlet of the reflux pump is connected to the bottom outlet of the thermal desorption tower, and the outlet is connected to the heat source inlet of the tower bottom heat exchanger.

[0012] Preferably, the flow meter assembly includes an absorber turbine flow meter, an absorber tower air mass flow meter, a carbon dioxide gas mass flow meter, a desorption tower air mass flow meter, a desorption liquid turbine flow meter, a tower top condenser cold source flow meter, and a lean liquid cooler cold source flow meter; the inlet of the carbon dioxide gas mass flow meter is connected to the outlet of the carbon dioxide buffer tank, and the outlet merges with the outlet of the absorber tower air mass flow meter and is then connected to the absorber tower gas inlet; the inlet of the tower top condenser cold source flow meter is connected to the tap water inlet pipe, and the outlet is connected to the tower top condenser tube side inlet; the inlet of the lean liquid cooler cold source flow meter is connected to the tap water inlet pipe, and the outlet is connected to the lean liquid cooler cold source inlet.

[0013] Preferably, the valve assembly includes a first drain valve, a second drain valve, a third drain valve, a fourth drain valve, a fifth drain valve, a first tap water inlet valve, a second tap water inlet valve, a first float switch, a second float switch, a bypass valve, a silencer, a filter, a first electric shut-off valve, a first manual shut-off valve, a second electric shut-off valve, a second manual shut-off valve, a third electric shut-off valve, and a fourth electric shut-off valve; the bottom of the lean liquid tank is connected to the drain pipe via the first drain valve, and the top of the tank is connected to the first tap water inlet valve and the first float switch; the bottom of the absorption tower is connected to the drain pipe via the second drain valve. The bottom of the rich liquid tank is connected to the drain pipe via a third drain valve, and the top of the tank is connected to the second tap water inlet valve and the second float switch. The bottom of the desorption tower is connected to the fourth and fifth drain valves. The outlet of the vortex pump is connected to a bypass valve and a silencer, and the inlet is connected to a filter. The outlet of the vortex pump is connected in parallel to the first electric shut-off valve, the first manual shut-off valve, the second electric shut-off valve, and the second manual shut-off valve. The inlet of the cold source flow meter of the condenser at the top of the tower is connected to the third electric shut-off valve. The inlet of the cold source flow meter of the lean liquid cooler is connected to the fourth electric shut-off valve. All drain valves and conventional operating valves are manual-automatic integrated valves.

[0014] Preferably, the detection assembly includes a U-tube differential pressure gauge, a carbon dioxide gas analyzer, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a third temperature sensor, a fourth temperature sensor, a fifth temperature sensor, a sixth temperature sensor, a seventh temperature sensor, an eighth temperature sensor, a ninth temperature sensor, a tenth temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a capacitive level sensor, and a second pressure transmitter; the U-tube differential pressure gauge is connected to the top and bottom of the absorption tower at both ends; the carbon dioxide gas analyzer is connected to the inlet and outlet of the absorption and desorption gases and the exhaust port at the top of the thermal desorption tower; the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are respectively mounted in the lean liquid tank, The rich liquid tank is located on the side; the third temperature sensor, pressure sensor, and capacitive level sensor are mounted on the bottom of the column; the fourth, fifth, and sixth temperature sensors are mounted on the top and middle sections of the thermal desorption column; the seventh temperature sensor is mounted between the shell outlet of the condenser at the top of the column and the reflux port of the thermal desorption; the eighth temperature sensor is mounted between the heat source outlet of the heat exchanger at the bottom of the column and the heat source inlet of the lean liquid cooler; the ninth temperature sensor is mounted between the heat source outlet of the lean liquid cooler and the reflux port of the lean liquid tank; the tenth temperature sensor is mounted between the cold source outlet of the heat exchanger at the bottom of the column and the inlet of the thermal desorption liquid; and the second pressure transmitter is mounted on the thermal desorption column body.

[0015] Preferably, the absorption tower and desorption tower are made of polyvinyl chloride, and the packing material is stainless steel or ceramic with a packing height of 650 mm; the thermal desorption tower and tower bottom are made of stainless steel, and the packing material is stainless steel with a packing height of 800 mm; the lean liquid tank and rich liquid tank are made of polyethylene; the carbon dioxide buffer tank, tower top condenser, tower bottom heat exchanger, and lean liquid cooler are made of stainless steel; all pipe fittings are stainless steel quick-release pipes, stainless steel sanitary pipes, or stainless steel compression fittings, and the connection method is quick-release pipe fittings, sanitary chucks, or compression fittings; the tap water supply pipe and sewage pipe are fixedly laid in the equipment pipe gallery area; the pressure sensor range is 0 to 20 kPa, the absorbent turbine flow metering range is 2 to 16 L / min, the air mass flow metering range is 3 to 300 L / min, and the carbon dioxide gas mass flow metering range is 0 to 150 L / min.

[0016] Preferably, the tower reactor is fixedly equipped with an electric heating device; the control system is a touch screen all-in-one machine, with a programmable logic controller (PLC) control unit fixedly installed inside. The PLC control unit is electrically connected to the pump assembly, valve assembly, detection assembly, and electric heating device, and has the functions of automatic recording of experimental data, background storage, and convenient query, and reserves an artificial intelligence access interface.

[0017] A method for operating a platform-based absorption-desorption experimental apparatus, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1: Preparation before the experiment: Check that all valves are closed, add the experimental medium to the lean liquid tank to the set level, turn on the main power and control power in sequence, run the control software, and check the sealing of the carbon dioxide gas cylinder and pipeline connection. S2: Absorption tower fluid dynamic performance test: Turn on the large absorption pump to establish a liquid seal, turn on the vortex air pump to dry the packing layer, adjust the air velocity and measure the pressure drop of the dry packing tower. S3: Wet packed tower pressure drop measurement: Adjust the absorbent flow rate and change the gas velocity to measure the pressure drop of the wet packed tower; repeat the measurement by changing the flow rate. S4: Preparation for single absorption experiment: Open the carbon dioxide gas cylinder and adjust the flow rate to a stable state; S5: Single absorption experiment operation: Turn on the corresponding pump group and gas path components. After the system stabilizes, detect the carbon dioxide concentration at the inlet and outlet of the absorption tower. S6: Combined absorption and desorption experiment: After the liquid level in the rich liquid tank reaches the standard, the large desorption pump is turned on, the desorbed liquid is circulated back, and the carbon dioxide concentration at each point is detected. S7: Chemical absorption and desorption preparation: Replace the alcohol amine absorption solution and turn on the small absorption pump and small desorption pump; S8: Start-up of thermal desorption system: After the liquid level in the bottom of the column reaches the target, turn on the electric heating device and the cooling water system of the condenser at the top of the column; S9: Chemical absorption and desorption data acquisition: After the system stabilizes, detect the carbon dioxide concentration at key points of the absorption tower and thermal desorption. S10: End of experiment: Close the carbon dioxide gas cylinder, then shut down the pump group, gas circuit components, and electric heating device in sequence, drain the liquid from the system, and turn off the main power supply.

[0018] Preferably, in steps S2 and S3, the air flow rate can be adjusted in the range of 2 to 9 cubic meters per hour, the absorbent flow rate can be adjusted in the range of 200, 300, and 400 liters per hour, and the reading of the U-tube differential pressure gauge is recorded.

[0019] Preferably, in steps S5 and S9, the carbon dioxide flow rate can be adjusted to 1.5 liters per minute and the air flow rate to 0.7 cubic meters per hour in the physical absorption experiment; and the carbon dioxide flow rate can be adjusted to 10 liters per minute and the air flow rate to 5 cubic meters per hour in the chemical absorption experiment.

[0020] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a platform-based absorption and desorption experimental apparatus and operating method, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This platform-based absorption and desorption experimental device integrates physical absorption, chemical absorption and thermal desorption functions. It can be adapted to a variety of typical experimental systems such as water absorption of carbon dioxide and amine solution absorption of carbon dioxide. It supports independent experiments of a single system and comparative experiments of multiple systems. It has high experimental flexibility and can meet the diverse research needs of chemical teaching and scientific research. It effectively solves the technical defects of the existing device system with limited applicability.

[0021] 2. This platform-based absorption and desorption experimental device adopts a standardized quick-release interface design, which can quickly replace different types of towers such as packed towers, sieve plate towers, and ultragravity towers without complicated disassembly and assembly operations. It is suitable for experimental requirements with different mass transfer efficiencies and different operating conditions, significantly improving the versatility of the device, reducing the investment cost of experimental equipment, and overcoming the limitations of the fixed tower types in existing devices.

[0022] 3. This platform-based absorption and desorption experimental device adopts a platform-based and modular architecture, with reserved standardized expansion interfaces, which can flexibly connect to external experimental units to expand into complex experimental scenarios such as deep treatment of exhaust gas, research and development of new absorbents, and exploration of process optimization. It breaks through the limitations of existing devices with rigid structures and poor expandability, and adapts to the diversified expansion needs of scientific research experiments. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a platform-based absorption and desorption experimental apparatus and its operation method according to the present invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Absorption tower; 2. Thermal desorption tower; 3. Desorption tower; 4. Tower bottom; 5. Carbon dioxide buffer tank; 6. Carbon dioxide gas cylinder; 7. Tower bottom heat exchanger; 8. Lean liquid cooler; 9. Tower top condenser; 10. Lean liquid tank; 11. Rich liquid tank; 12. Small absorption pump; 13. Large absorption pump; 14. Vortex pump; 15. Large desorption pump; 16. Small desorption pump; 17. Reflux pump; 18. Absorbent liquid turbine flow meter; 19. Absorbent tower air mass flow meter; 20. Carbon dioxide gas mass flow meter; 21. Desorption tower air mass flow meter; 22. Desorption liquid turbine flow meter; 23. Tower top condenser cold source flow meter; 24. Lean liquid cooler cold source flow meter; 25. U-tube differential pressure gauge; 26. Carbon dioxide gas analyzer. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Please see Figure 1This invention provides a new technical solution: a platform-based absorption and desorption experimental device and operating method, including an absorption tower 1, a thermal desorption tower 2, a desorption tower 3, a tower bottom 4, a carbon dioxide buffer tank 5, a carbon dioxide gas cylinder 6, a tower bottom heat exchanger 7, a lean liquid cooler 8, a tower top condenser 9, a lean liquid tank 10, a rich liquid tank 11, a small absorption pump 12, a large absorption pump 13, a vortex pump 14, a large desorption pump 15, a small desorption pump 16, a reflux pump 17, various flow meters, a U-tube differential pressure gauge 25, a carbon dioxide gas analyzer 26, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a capacitive liquid level sensor, a control system, an aluminum alloy frame, and various valves and fittings.

[0027] The lean solution tank 10 is fixedly equipped with a feed port and a tap water inlet. An overflow port is fixedly connected to the side of the lean solution tank 10, and a drain pipe is fixedly connected to the overflow port. The bottom of the lean solution tank 10 is fixedly connected to the inlet of a large absorption pump 13 and the inlet of a small absorption pump 12, and is also fixedly connected to a drain pipe. A sampling port is also fixedly provided at the bottom of the lean solution tank 10. By setting up the large absorption pump 13 and the small absorption pump 12, experimental needs with different flow rates can be met. The large absorption pump 13 is suitable for physical absorption experiments, and the small absorption pump 12 is suitable for chemical absorption experiments.

[0028] The outlet of the large absorption pump 13 is fixedly connected to the inlet of the absorbent turbine flow meter 18. The outlet of the absorbent turbine flow meter 18 merges with the outlet of the small absorption pump 12 and is fixedly connected to the liquid inlet of the absorption tower 1. A bypass is fixedly installed at the inlet of the vortex pump 14. The outlet of the vortex pump 14 is fixedly connected to the air mass flow meter 19 of the absorption tower and the air mass flow meter 21 of the desorption tower, and is then fixedly connected to the gas inlets of the absorption tower 1 and the desorption tower 3, respectively. The vortex pump 14 provides the air carrier required for the experiment, and the air flow rate entering the absorption tower 1 and the desorption tower 3 is controlled by two independent gas mass flow meters.

[0029] Both the gas inlet and top of the absorption tower 1 and desorption tower 3 are fixedly connected to a carbon dioxide gas analyzer 26 for detecting the carbon dioxide concentration in the inlet and outlet gases. The top and bottom of the absorption tower 1 are fixedly connected to the two ends of a U-tube differential pressure gauge 25 for measuring the pressure drop of the absorption tower 1.

[0030] The outlet of carbon dioxide gas cylinder 6 is fixedly connected to the gas inlet of carbon dioxide buffer tank 5. The outlet of carbon dioxide buffer tank 5 is fixedly connected to the inlet of carbon dioxide gas mass flow meter 20. The outlet of carbon dioxide gas mass flow meter 20 merges with the outlet of absorption tower air gas mass flow meter 19 and is then fixedly connected to the gas inlet of absorption tower 1. Carbon dioxide buffer tank 5 is used to stabilize gas pressure and ensure the stability of carbon dioxide flow.

[0031] The bottom of the absorption tower 1 is fixedly connected to the top of the rich liquid tank 11 via an overflow method. The bottom of the absorption tower 1 is also fixedly provided with a sampling port and a drain pipe. The absorbed rich liquid flows into the rich liquid tank 11 by gravity.

[0032] The rich liquid tank 11 is fixedly equipped with a feed port and a tap water inlet. The bottom of the rich liquid tank 11 is fixedly connected to the inlet of a large desorption pump 15 and the inlet of a small desorption pump 16, and is also fixedly connected to a drain pipe. A sampling port is also fixedly located at the bottom of the rich liquid tank 11. The outlet of the large desorption pump 15 is fixedly connected to the inlet of a desorption liquid turbine flow meter 22, and the outlet of the desorption liquid turbine flow meter 22 is fixedly connected to the liquid inlet of the desorption tower 3. The outlet of the small desorption pump 16 is fixedly connected to the cold source inlet of the tower bottom heat exchanger 7, and the cold source outlet of the tower bottom heat exchanger 7 is fixedly connected to the liquid inlet of the thermal desorption tower 2. The large desorption pump 15 is used for room temperature desorption experiments, and the small desorption pump 16 is used for thermal desorption experiments.

[0033] The bottom outlet of the pyrolysis tower 2 is fixedly connected to the inlet of the reflux pump 17 and a drain pipe. A sampling port is also fixedly provided at the bottom of the pyrolysis tower 2. The outlet of the reflux pump 17 is fixedly connected to the heat source inlet of the tower bottom heat exchanger 7. The heat source outlet of the tower bottom heat exchanger 7 is fixedly connected to the heat source inlet of the lean liquid cooler 8. The heat source outlet of the lean liquid cooler 8 is fixedly connected to the top of the lean liquid tank 10. A sampling port is fixedly provided on the pipe connected to the top of the lean liquid tank 10. Heat exchange between the lean liquid and rich liquid is achieved through the tower bottom heat exchanger 7, improving energy utilization. The lean liquid cooler 8 cools the lean liquid to a suitable temperature and then returns it to the lean liquid tank 10 for recycling.

[0034] The bottom of the desorption tower 3 is fixedly connected to the drain pipe and the bottom of the lean liquid tank 10 to realize the recycling of the desorption liquid.

[0035] The lean liquid cooler 8 has a fixed connection between its cold source inlet and the outlet of the lean liquid cooler cold source flow meter 24. The inlet of the lean liquid cooler cold source flow meter 24 is also fixedly connected to a tap water inlet pipe, and the outlet of the lean liquid cooler 8 is directly and fixedly connected to a drain pipe.

[0036] The top outlet of thermal desorption tower 2 is fixedly connected to the shell-side inlet of top condenser 9, and the shell-side outlet of top condenser 9 is fixedly connected to the top of thermal desorption tower 2. The shell-side exhaust ports of top condenser 9 are fixedly connected to atmospheric and carbon dioxide gas analyzers 26. Top condenser 9 condenses and refluxes the water vapor generated during desorption, improving the purity of the desorbed gas. The tube-side inlet of top condenser 9 is fixedly connected to the outlet of top condenser cold source flow meter 23, and the inlet of top condenser cold source flow meter 23 is fixedly connected to a tap water inlet pipe. The tube-side outlet of top condenser 9 is directly and fixedly connected to a drain pipe.

[0037] Absorption tower 1, desorption tower 3, and thermal desorption tower 2 all use standardized quick-release interfaces for fixed connection with pipelines, allowing for rapid replacement with packed towers, sieve plate towers, or ultragravity towers. By changing different types of towers, the effects of different tower internals on mass transfer efficiency can be studied, meeting diverse experimental needs.

[0038] Furthermore, a first drain valve is fixedly connected between the bottom of the lean liquid tank 10 and the drain pipe; a first tap water inlet valve is fixedly installed on the top of the lean liquid tank 10, and a first float switch is also fixedly installed; a second drain valve is fixedly connected between the bottom of the absorption tower 1 and the drain pipe; a third drain valve is fixedly connected between the bottom of the rich liquid tank 11 and the drain pipe; a second tap water inlet valve is fixedly installed on the top of the rich liquid tank 11, and a second float switch is also fixedly installed; a fourth drain valve and a fifth drain valve are fixedly connected to the bottom of the desorption tower 3.

[0039] Furthermore, a bypass valve and a silencer are fixedly installed at the outlet of the vortex pump 14; a filter is fixedly installed at the inlet of the vortex pump 14; and a first electric shut-off valve, a first manual shut-off valve, a second electric shut-off valve, and a second manual shut-off valve, which are fixedly installed in parallel at the outlet of the vortex pump 14, for regulating the air flow entering the absorption tower 1 and the desorption tower 3.

[0040] Furthermore, the inlet of the cold source flow meter 23 of the tower top condenser is fixedly equipped with a third electric shut-off valve for regulating the cold source flow; the inlet of the cold source flow meter 24 of the lean liquid cooler is fixedly equipped with a fourth electric shut-off valve for regulating the tap water flow; all drain valves and conventional operation valves are manual-automatic integrated valves.

[0041] Furthermore, a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor are fixedly mounted on the sides of the lean liquid tank 10 and the rich liquid tank 11, respectively, for measuring the temperatures of the lean liquid and the rich liquid; a third temperature sensor, a second pressure sensor, and a capacitive liquid level sensor are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the column 4, for measuring the temperature, pressure, and liquid level of the bottom of the column 4, respectively; an eighth temperature sensor is fixedly mounted between the heat source outlet of the heat exchanger 7 and the heat source inlet of the lean liquid cooler 8, for measuring the temperature of the lean liquid after heat exchange; a ninth temperature sensor is fixedly mounted between the heat source outlet of the lean liquid cooler 8 and the reflux port of the lean liquid tank 10, for measuring... The reflux temperature of the lean liquid is measured; a tenth temperature sensor is fixedly installed between the cold source outlet of the heat exchanger 7 and the liquid inlet of the thermal desorption tower 2 to measure the inlet temperature of the thermal desorption tower 2; a fourth, fifth, and sixth temperature sensors are fixedly installed at the top and middle sections of the thermal desorption tower 2 to measure the temperature of each section of the thermal desorption tower 2; a seventh temperature sensor is fixedly installed between the shell outlet of the condenser 9 at the top of the tower and the reflux port of the thermal desorption tower 2 to measure the reflux temperature; a second pressure transmitter is fixedly installed on the body of the thermal desorption tower 2 to measure the pressure of the thermal desorption tower 2.

[0042] Furthermore, absorption tower 1 and desorption tower 3 are made of polyvinyl chloride, and the packing material is stainless steel or ceramic with a packing height of 650 mm; thermal desorption tower 2 and tower bottom 4 are made of stainless steel, and the packing material is stainless steel with a packing height of 800 mm; lean liquid tank 10 and rich liquid tank 11 are made of polyethylene; carbon dioxide buffer tank 5 and tower top condenser 9 are made of stainless steel; tower bottom heat exchanger 7 and lean liquid cooler 8 are made of stainless steel; all pipes are stainless steel quick-release pipes, stainless steel sanitary pipes, or stainless steel compression fittings, and the pipe connection method is quick-release fittings, sanitary chucks, or compression fittings; tap water supply pipes, sewage pipes, and some pipelines are fixedly laid in the equipment pipe gallery area.

[0043] Furthermore, the reboiler 4 is fixedly equipped with an electric heating device for controlling the temperature and heating amount of the reboiler 4; the control system is a touch screen all-in-one machine, and a programmable logic controller (PLC) control unit is fixedly installed inside the touch screen all-in-one machine. The PLC control unit is fixedly electrically connected to each pump, electric heating device, and valve. The PLC control unit can realize automatic recording, background storage, and convenient query of experimental data. The control system has reserved an artificial intelligence access interface; the pressure sensor has a range of 0 to 20 kPa, the absorbent turbine flow meter has a range of 2 to 16 L / min, the air mass flow meter has a range of 3 to 300 L / min, and the carbon dioxide gas mass flow meter has a range of 0 to 150 L / min.

[0044] This invention also provides a method for operating the above-mentioned platform-based absorption and desorption experimental apparatus, comprising the following steps: S1: Preparation before the experiment: Check that all valves are closed, add the experimental medium to the lean liquid tank 10 to 75% of the liquid level, turn on the main power supply and control power supply of the experimental device in sequence, turn on the computer and run the control software, and check whether the connection between the carbon dioxide gas cylinder 6 and the carbon dioxide flow meter on the equipment is sealed.

[0045] S2: Fluid dynamic performance test of absorption tower 1: Open the large absorption pump 13 to form a liquid seal at the bottom of absorption tower 1, fully open the bypass valve of vortex air pump 14 and the air flow regulating valve of absorption tower 1, and turn on vortex air pump 14 to dry the moisture in the packing layer of absorption tower 1; adjust the air flow regulating valve of absorption tower 1 to make the air volume 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 cubic meters per hour in sequence, and record the reading of U-tube differential pressure gauge 25, that is, the pressure drop of the dry packing tower; if the experimental air volume cannot be met even with the regulating valve fully open, the bypass regulating valve of the blower can be closed to increase the air flow.

[0046] S3: Wet packed tower pressure drop measurement: Turn on the large absorption pump 13 and adjust the speed to stabilize the absorbent flow rate at 200 liters per hour; adjust the fan flow rate to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 cubic meters per hour in sequence, and record the reading of the U-tube differential pressure gauge 25, which is the pressure drop of the wet packed tower; then adjust the absorbent flow rate to 300 liters per hour and 400 liters per hour, repeat the above experiment and record the data; after the measurement is completed, first fully open the fan bypass valve, then close the regulating valve, and turn off the vortex air pump 14 after the air flow rate is zero.

[0047] S4: Preparation for single absorption experiment: Turn on the carbon dioxide flow meter of absorption tower 1 and set the carbon dioxide inlet flow rate of absorption tower 1 to 1.5 liters per minute; after confirming that the pressure reducing valve is in the closed state, open the main valve of carbon dioxide gas cylinder 6, slightly open the pressure reducing valve, and it will take about 30 minutes for the carbon dioxide flow rate released from the cylinder to stabilize. It is recommended to start the experiment half an hour in advance and keep the flow rate constant during the experiment.

[0048] S5: Single Absorption Experiment Operation: After the carbon dioxide flow rate stabilizes, turn on the large absorption pump 13. Once the liquid level at the bottom of absorption tower 1 stabilizes, adjust the speed of the large absorption pump 13 to stabilize the absorption liquid flow rate at 200 liters per hour. Fully open the blower bypass valve and the air flow regulating valve of absorption tower 1, start the blower, and finely adjust the air flow regulating valve to make the air volume 0.7 cubic meters per hour. Maintain the air volume unchanged. At this time, the carbon dioxide inlet concentration is 10% to 15%. After each flow rate stabilizes, open the inlet sampling valve of absorption tower 1, i.e., the solenoid valve, and analyze the carbon dioxide concentration at the inlet of absorption tower 1 online. Wait 2 to 5 minutes and collect the data after it stabilizes. Then open the outlet sampling valve of absorption tower 1, i.e., the solenoid valve, and wait 2 to 5 minutes and collect the data after it stabilizes. Adjust the water flow rate to 200, 300, and 400 liters per hour in sequence, and repeat the sampling after each flow rate stabilizes. After the experiment is completed, first close the main valve of carbon dioxide gas cylinder 6. After the carbon dioxide flow meter has no flow, close the pressure reducing valve, stop the blower, and turn off the water pump. For other experimental systems, a suitable absorption pump can be selected to match the flow requirements.

[0049] S6: Combined Absorption and Desorption Experiment: Turn on the carbon dioxide flow meter of absorption tower 1 and set the inlet carbon dioxide flow rate of absorption tower 1 to 1.5 liters per minute; after confirming that the pressure reducing valve is closed, open the main valve of carbon dioxide gas cylinder 6, slightly open the pressure reducing valve, and wait for the flow rate to stabilize; turn on the large absorption pump 13, and after the liquid level at the bottom of absorption tower 1 stabilizes, adjust the speed to make the absorption liquid flow rate 200 liters per hour; after the rich liquid tank 11 reaches the set liquid level, turn on the large desorption pump 15, adjust the speed to make the desorption liquid flow rate 200 liters per hour, open the bottom overflow valve of desorption tower 3, and the liquid from desorption tower 3 overflows to the lean liquid tank 10 for recycling; fully open the blower bypass valve and... Start the air flow regulating valve of absorption tower 1, start the fan, and fine-tune the air flow regulating valves of absorption tower 1 and desorption tower 3 to make the air volume of both towers 0.7 cubic meters per hour, keeping the air volume of absorption tower 1 constant, and the carbon dioxide inlet concentration 10% to 15%. After the flow stabilizes, open the sampling valves in sequence to analyze the carbon dioxide concentration online, and collect the data after it stabilizes. Adjust the speed of the large absorption pump 13 and the large desorption pump 15 to make the flow rate 300 and 400 liters per hour, respectively, repeat the operation and record the data. After the experiment is completed, close the main valve of carbon dioxide gas cylinder 6, and close the pressure reducing valve after the flow meter stops flowing. Stop the fan and turn off the water pump.

[0050] S7: Preparation for chemical absorption and desorption experiment: Turn on the carbon dioxide flow meter of absorption tower 1 and set the carbon dioxide inlet flow rate of absorption tower 1 to 10 liters per minute; after confirming that the pressure reducing valve is closed, open the main valve of carbon dioxide gas cylinder 6, slightly open the pressure reducing valve, and wait for the flow rate to stabilize; turn on the small absorption pump 12, and wait for the liquid level at the bottom of absorption tower 1 to stabilize, then adjust the speed to make the absorption liquid flow rate 10 liters per hour; fully open the blower bypass valve and the air flow regulating valve of absorption tower 1, start the blower, and finely adjust the air flow regulating valve to make the air volume of absorption tower 1 5 cubic meters per hour, maintain the air volume unchanged, and the carbon dioxide inlet concentration is 10% to 15%.

[0051] S8: Thermal desorption system start-up: After the rich liquid tank 11 reaches the set liquid level, the small desorption pump 16 is turned on and the speed is adjusted to make the desorption liquid flow rate 10 liters per hour; after the column bottom 4 reaches the set liquid level, the electric heating device of column bottom 4 is turned on, the tap water inlet valve of column top condenser 9 is turned on and set to automatic mode; after the system stabilizes, the liquid level of column bottom 4 reaches the standard, the reflux pump 17 is turned on automatically, the lean liquid is refluxed and heat exchanged with the desorption liquid; the tap water flow regulating valve of the cooler is turned on and set to automatic mode, the lean liquid is cooled and then refluxed back to the lean liquid tank 10 for circulation.

[0052] S9: Data acquisition for chemical absorption and desorption experiments: After the flow rate stabilizes, open the sampling valves sequentially, analyze the concentration of carbon dioxide produced by desorption online, and collect the data after the data stabilizes; adjust the speed of small absorption pump 12 and small desorption pump 16 to make the flow rate 15 and 20 liters per hour, respectively, repeat the operation and record the data.

[0053] S10: End of experiment: Close the main valve of carbon dioxide gas cylinder 6, and after the flow meter stops flowing, close the pressure reducing valve, stop the fan and turn off the water pump; turn off all heating devices, and after the system cools to room temperature, close all pumps and valves, drain the liquid in the system, and turn off the main power supply.

[0054] Example 1: Experiment on the hydrodynamic performance characteristics of absorption tower 1 Before the experiment, check that all valves are closed. Add distilled water to the lean liquid tank 10 until the liquid level reaches 75%. Then, turn on the main power supply and control power supply of the device and run the control software. Turn on the large absorption pump 13 to form a liquid seal at the bottom of the absorption tower 1. Fully open the bypass valve of the vortex air pump 14 and the air flow regulating valve of the absorption tower 1, and start the vortex air pump 14 to dry the moisture in the packing layer of the absorption tower 1. Adjust the air flow regulating valve of the absorption tower 1 to make the air volume 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 cubic meters per hour, and simultaneously record the reading of the U-tube differential pressure gauge 25 to obtain the pressure drop data of the dry packing tower. If the experimental air volume cannot be achieved even with the regulating valve fully open, the bypass regulating valve of the blower can be closed to increase the air flow. Then, turn on the large absorption pump 13 and adjust its speed to stabilize the absorbent liquid flow at 200 liters per hour. Then, measure the pressure drop of the wet packing tower at the same air velocity. After that, adjust the absorbent liquid flow to 300 liters per hour and 400 liters per hour, repeat the measurement and record the data. After the experiment, first fully open the blower bypass valve, then close the regulating valve. After the air flow rate returns to zero, turn off the vortex pump 14 and the large absorption pump 13. Open the drain valve to drain the system liquid, turn off the power, and finally plot the relationship curve between the empty tower gas velocity and the pressure drop per unit height on logarithmic coordinate paper.

[0055] Example 2: Water Absorption of Carbon Dioxide Single Absorption Experiment Before the experiment, valve checks were completed, distilled water was added to lean liquid tank 10 to 75% of its capacity, and power and software were started. The connection between carbon dioxide gas cylinder 6 and the flow meter was confirmed to be sealed. The carbon dioxide mass flow meter 20 was turned on, and the flow rate was set to 1.5 liters per minute. After confirming the pressure reducing valve was closed, the main valve of carbon dioxide gas cylinder 6 was opened, and the pressure reducing valve was slightly opened. The system was allowed to stand for approximately 30 minutes until the carbon dioxide flow rate stabilized. Then, the large absorption pump 13 was turned on. Once the liquid level at the bottom of absorption tower 1 stabilized, the pump speed was adjusted to stabilize the absorbent flow rate at 200 liters per hour. The blower bypass valve and the air flow regulating valve of absorption tower 1 were fully opened. The vortex pump 14 was started, and the air flow rate was finely adjusted to 0.7 cubic meters per hour. At this point, the inlet carbon dioxide concentration was approximately 10% to 15%. After the system stabilized, the inlet and outlet sampling solenoid valves of absorption tower 1 were opened sequentially. After waiting 2 to 5 minutes for the detection data to stabilize, the inlet and outlet concentration data were collected using the carbon dioxide gas analyzer 26. The absorbent flow rate was then adjusted sequentially to 300 liters per hour and 400 liters per hour, and the sampling and recording were repeated. After the experiment is completed, first close the main valve of carbon dioxide gas cylinder 6, and after the flow meter stops flowing, close the pressure reducing valve. Then, turn off the vortex pump 14 and the large absorption pump 13 in sequence, drain the liquid from the system and turn off the power. Calculate the absorption efficiency at different flow rates based on the collected data and plot the corresponding curves.

[0056] Example 3: Experiment on the absorption and desorption of carbon dioxide by monoethanolamine solution Before the experiment, close all valves and add 30% monoethanolamine solution to lean liquid tank 10 until the liquid level reaches 75%. Turn on the main power and control power of the apparatus and run the software. Check the sealing of the carbon dioxide gas cylinder connection. Turn on carbon dioxide gas mass flow meter 20, set the flow rate to 10 liters per minute, open the main valve of carbon dioxide gas cylinder 6 and slightly open the pressure reducing valve, and let it stand for 30 minutes until the flow rate stabilizes. Turn on small absorption pump 12. After the liquid level at the bottom of absorption tower 1 stabilizes, adjust the speed to make the absorption liquid flow rate 10 liters per hour. Start vortex pump 14 and adjust the air flow rate to 5 cubic meters per hour to maintain the inlet carbon dioxide concentration in the range of 10% to 15%. When the liquid level in the rich liquid tank 11 reaches 50%, the small desorption pump 16 is turned on, and the speed is adjusted to make the desorption liquid flow rate 10 liters per hour. When the liquid level in the bottom 4 of the tower reaches 60%, the electric heating device is turned on, and the temperature is set to 105℃. Simultaneously, the tap water valves of the top condenser 9 and the lean liquid cooler 8 are turned on and set to automatic mode. After the bottom temperature reaches the standard, the reflux pump 17 starts automatically, and the lean liquid is refluxed for heat exchange and then recycled. After the system stabilizes, the carbon dioxide concentration data at the inlet and outlet of the absorption tower and the top of the thermal desorption tower are collected sequentially. Then, the flow rates of the absorption liquid and the desorption liquid are adjusted to 15 liters per hour and 20 liters per hour, and the sampling and recording are repeated. After the experiment, the main valve of the carbon dioxide gas cylinder 6 is closed. After the flow meter stops flowing, the pressure reducing valve is closed, and the electric heating device is turned off. After the bottom temperature drops below 50 degrees Celsius, the vortex pump 14, the small absorption pump 12, the small desorption pump 16, and the reflux pump 17 are turned off sequentially. The system liquid is drained and the power is turned off. Finally, the absorption and desorption loads at different flow rates are calculated, and the experimental performance of the monoethanolamine solution is analyzed.

[0057] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A platform-based absorption and desorption experimental apparatus, characterized in that: Includes absorption tower (1), thermal desorption tower (2), desorption tower (3), tower bottom (4), carbon dioxide buffer tank (5), carbon dioxide gas cylinder (6), tower bottom heat exchanger (7), lean liquid cooler (8), tower top condenser (9), lean liquid tank (10), rich liquid tank (11), pump assembly, flow meter assembly, valve assembly, gas circuit assembly, detection assembly, control system, aluminum alloy frame and various pipe fittings; The lean liquid tank (10) is connected to the liquid inlet of the absorption tower (1) through the pump assembly. The overflow port at the bottom of the absorption tower (1) is connected to the top of the rich liquid tank (11). The rich liquid tank (11) is connected to the liquid inlet of the desorption tower (3) and the liquid inlet of the thermal desorption tower (2) through the pump assembly. The bottom outlet of the thermal desorption tower (2) is connected to the top of the lean liquid tank (10) through the pump assembly, the tower bottom heat exchanger (7), and the lean liquid cooler (8). The carbon dioxide gas cylinder (6) is connected to the gas inlet of the absorption tower (1) through the carbon dioxide buffer tank (5), the flow meter assembly, and the gas path assembly. The shell side inlet of the tower top condenser (9) is connected to the gas outlet at the top of the thermal desorption tower (2). The shell side outlet flows back to the top of the thermal desorption tower (2). The absorption tower (1), thermal desorption tower (2), and desorption tower (3) all adopt standardized quick-release interfaces and detachable pipe connections, and can be replaced with packed towers, sieve plate towers, or ultra-gravity towers. The pump assembly includes a dual-pump structure adapted to different flow rates. The detection assembly and control system are electrically connected to the pump assembly, flow meter assembly, valve assembly, gas path assembly, tower body, and heat exchange components, respectively, to realize parameter monitoring and automatic control.

2. The platform-based absorption-desorption experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pump assembly includes a small absorption pump (12), a large absorption pump (13), a vortex pump (14), a large desorption pump (15), a small desorption pump (16), and a reflux pump (17). The inlet of the small absorption pump (12) and the inlet of the large absorption pump (13) are both connected to the bottom of the lean liquid tank (10). The outlet of the large absorption pump (13) is connected to the liquid inlet of the absorption tower (1) after merging with the outlet of the small absorption pump (12) via the absorption liquid turbine flow meter (18). The outlet of the vortex pump (14) is connected to the gas inlet of the absorption tower (1) and the desorption tower (3) via the absorption tower air mass flow meter (19) and the desorption tower air mass flow meter (21), respectively. The inlet of the large desorption pump (15) is connected to the bottom of the rich liquid tank (11), and the outlet is connected to the liquid inlet of the desorption tower (3) via the desorption liquid turbine flow meter (22). The inlet of the small desorption pump (16) is connected to the bottom of the rich liquid tank (11), and the outlet is connected to the cold source inlet of the tower bottom heat exchanger (7). The inlet of the reflux pump (17) is connected to the bottom outlet of the thermal desorption tower (2), and the outlet is connected to the heat source inlet of the tower bottom heat exchanger (7).

3. The platform-based absorption-desorption experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow meter assembly includes an absorber turbine flow meter (18), an absorber air mass flow meter (19), a carbon dioxide gas mass flow meter (20), a desorption tower air mass flow meter (21), a desorption liquid turbine flow meter (22), a tower top condenser cold source flow meter (23), and a lean liquid cooler cold source flow meter (24). The inlet of the carbon dioxide gas mass flow meter (20) is connected to the outlet of the carbon dioxide buffer tank (5), and the outlet merges with the outlet of the absorber air mass flow meter (19) and then connects to the gas inlet of the absorber (1). The inlet of the cold source flow meter (23) of the tower top condenser is connected to the tap water inlet pipe, and the outlet is connected to the tube side inlet of the tower top condenser (9). The inlet of the cold source flow meter (24) of the lean liquid cooler is connected to the tap water inlet pipe, and the outlet is connected to the cold source inlet of the lean liquid cooler (8).

4. The platform-based absorption-desorption experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The valve assembly includes a first drain valve, a second drain valve, a third drain valve, a fourth drain valve, a fifth drain valve, a first tap water inlet valve, a second tap water inlet valve, a first float switch, a second float switch, a bypass valve, a silencer, a filter, a first electric shut-off valve, a first manual shut-off valve, a second electric shut-off valve, a second manual shut-off valve, a third electric shut-off valve, and a fourth electric shut-off valve. The bottom of the lean liquid tank (10) is connected to the drain pipe via the first drain valve, and the top of the tank is connected to the first tap water inlet valve and the first float switch. The bottom of the absorption tower (1) is connected to the second drain valve between the tower bottom and the drain pipe, the bottom of the rich liquid tank (11) is connected to the third drain valve between the drain pipe, the top of the tank is connected to the second tap water inlet valve and the second float switch, the bottom of the desorption tower (3) is connected to the fourth drain valve and the fifth drain valve, the outlet of the vortex pump (14) is connected to the bypass valve and the silencer, the inlet is connected to the filter, the outlet of the vortex pump (14) is connected to the first electric shut-off valve, the first manual shut-off valve, the second electric shut-off valve and the second manual shut-off valve in parallel, and the inlet of the condenser cold source flow meter (23) at the top of the tower is connected to the third electric shut-off valve; The inlet of the lean liquid cooler cold source flow meter (24) is connected to the fourth electric shut-off valve. All drain valves and conventional operation valves are manual and automatic integrated valves.

5. The platform-based absorption-desorption experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection components include a U-tube differential pressure gauge (25), a carbon dioxide gas analyzer (26), a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a third temperature sensor, a fourth temperature sensor, a fifth temperature sensor, a sixth temperature sensor, a seventh temperature sensor, an eighth temperature sensor, a ninth temperature sensor, a tenth temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a capacitive liquid level sensor, and a second pressure transmitter. The U-tube differential pressure gauge (25) is connected to the top and bottom of the absorption tower (1) at both ends. The carbon dioxide gas analyzer (26) is connected to the gas inlet and outlet of the absorption tower (1) and the desorption tower (3) and the exhaust port at the top of the thermal desorption tower (2). The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are respectively mounted on the side of the lean liquid tank (10) and the rich liquid tank (11). The third temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the capacitive liquid level sensor are mounted on the bottom of the tower (4). The fourth, fifth, and sixth temperature sensors are installed at the top and middle sections of the thermal desorption tower (2), and the seventh temperature sensor is installed between the shell outlet of the condenser (9) at the top of the tower and the reflux port of the thermal desorption tower (2). The eighth temperature sensor is installed between the heat source outlet of the heat exchanger (7) and the heat source inlet of the lean liquid cooler (8), the ninth temperature sensor is installed between the heat source outlet of the lean liquid cooler (8) and the reflux port of the lean liquid tank (10), the tenth temperature sensor is installed between the cold source outlet of the heat exchanger (7) and the liquid inlet of the thermal desorption tower (2), and the second pressure transmitter is installed on the tower body of the thermal desorption tower (2).

6. The platform-based absorption-desorption experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The absorption tower (1) and desorption tower (3) are made of polyvinyl chloride, the packing material is stainless steel or ceramic, and the packing height is 650 mm. The thermal desorption tower (2) and tower bottom (4) are made of stainless steel, the packing material is stainless steel, and the packing height is 800 mm. The lean liquid tank (10) and rich liquid tank (11) are made of polyethylene. The carbon dioxide buffer tank (5), the top condenser (9), the bottom heat exchanger (7), and the lean liquid cooler (8) are made of stainless steel; all pipe fittings are stainless steel quick-release pipes, stainless steel sanitary pipes, or stainless steel compression fittings, and the connection method is quick-release pipe fittings, sanitary chucks, or compression fittings; the tap water supply pipe and the sewage pipe are fixedly laid in the equipment pipe gallery area; the pressure sensor range is 0 to 20 kPa, the absorbent turbine flow meter range is 2 to 16 liters per minute, the air mass flow meter range is 3 to 300 liters per minute, and the carbon dioxide gas mass flow meter range is 0 to 150 liters per minute.

7. The platform-based absorption-desorption experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tower (4) is fixedly equipped with an electric heating device; the control system is a touch screen all-in-one machine, with a programmable logic controller control unit fixedly installed inside. The programmable logic controller control unit is electrically connected to the pump assembly, valve assembly, detection assembly and electric heating device respectively, and has the functions of automatic recording of experimental data, background storage and convenient query, and reserves an artificial intelligence access interface.

8. An operating method for a platform-based absorption-desorption experimental apparatus, characterized in that: S1: Preparation before the experiment: Check that all valves are closed, add the experimental medium to the lean liquid tank (10) to the set liquid level, turn on the main power supply and control power supply in sequence, run the control software, and check the sealing of the carbon dioxide gas cylinder (6) and the pipeline connection. S2: Absorption tower (1) Fluid dynamic performance test: Turn on the large absorption pump (13) to establish a liquid seal, turn on the vortex air pump (14) to dry the packing layer, and measure the pressure drop of the dry packing tower at different air velocities. S3: Measurement of pressure drop in wet packed tower: Adjust the absorbent flow rate and measure the pressure drop in wet packed tower at different gas velocities. Repeat the measurement by changing the flow rate. S4: Preparation for single absorption experiment: Turn on the carbon dioxide gas mass flow meter (20), set the experimental flow rate, turn on the carbon dioxide gas cylinder (6), and wait for the gas flow to stabilize; S5: Single absorption experiment operation: Turn on the corresponding absorption pump and vortex pump (14), and after the system stabilizes, detect the carbon dioxide concentration at the inlet and outlet of the absorption tower (1); S6: Combined absorption and desorption experiment: After the rich liquid tank (11) reaches the set liquid level, the large desorption pump (15) is turned on, the desorbed liquid is circulated back, and the carbon dioxide concentration at each point is detected. S7: Chemical absorption and desorption preparation: Replace the alcohol amine absorption solution and turn on the small absorption pump (12) and the small desorption pump (16). S8: Start-up of thermal desorption system: After the bottom (4) of the tower reaches the set liquid level, start the electric heating and cooling water system of the top condenser (9); S9: Chemical absorption and desorption data acquisition: After the system stabilizes, detect the carbon dioxide concentration at key points in the absorption tower (1) and thermal desorption tower (2); S10: End of experiment: Close the carbon dioxide gas cylinder (6), turn off the fan, pump and heating device in sequence, drain the liquid in the system and turn off the main power.

9. The operating method of the platform-based absorption-desorption experimental apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that: In steps S2 and S3, the air flow rate can be adjusted according to the preset range, the absorbent flow rate can be adjusted according to different levels, and the reading of the U-tube differential pressure gauge (25) is recorded.

10. The operating method of the platform-based absorption-desorption experimental apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that: In steps S5 and S9, the flow rates of carbon dioxide, air, and absorbent can be adjusted according to the requirements of the experimental system to suit physical or chemical absorption experiments.

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