Method and system for suppressing single frequency interference

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of seismic signal processing, and particularly relates to a method and system for suppressing single-frequency interference, obtaining a seismic shot gather to be processed; performing frequency-wavenumber domain transformation on the seismic shot gather to obtain a first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum, and saving phase information of each time sampling point in the transformation process; performing 3*3 small-scale smoothing processing on the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to improve the signal-to-noise ratio; performing Hough transformation on the smoothed amplitude spectrum to identify the stripe position corresponding to the single-frequency interference; performing energy zeroing processing on the stripe and the surrounding area of the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum according to the stripe position and a preset blank band length to obtain a second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of suppression methods, and particularly relates to a method and system for suppressing single-frequency interference. Background Technology

[0002] In seismic shot gather data obtained from seismic exploration, there are generally strong linear single-frequency interference waves distributed vertically and obliquely. This type of interference can significantly mask the effective seismic signals of the subsurface medium response, reduce the data signal-to-noise ratio, and directly interfere with subsequent seismic data processing, imaging, and geological interpretation, becoming a problem affecting the quality and accuracy of exploration data analysis.

[0003] Existing interference suppression methods mostly employ conventional filtering and simple interpolation, which makes it difficult to accurately locate the position of single-frequency interference fringes in the frequency and wavenumber domains, resulting in poor interference removal. At the same time, traditional spectrum recovery methods are prone to damaging the effective signal spectrum, resulting in insufficient data fidelity. They cannot balance interference suppression efficiency with signal integrity preservation, making them unsuitable for the processing requirements of high-precision seismic exploration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the aforementioned problems, and in conjunction with the first aspect of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and system for suppressing single-frequency interference, the method comprising: Includes the following steps: Step S1: Obtain the seismic shot set to be processed; Step S2: Perform leaf frequency-wavenumber domain transformation on the seismic shot gather to obtain the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum, and save the phase information of each time sampling point during the transformation process; Step S3: Perform 3×3 small-scale smoothing on the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to improve the signal-to-noise ratio; Step S4: Perform Hough transform on the smoothed amplitude spectrum to identify the fringe positions corresponding to single-frequency interference; Step S5: Based on the stripe position and the preset blank band length, perform zero energy processing on the stripes and surrounding areas of the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to obtain the second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum. Step S6: Use compressed sensing to perform spectral recovery on the second amplitude spectrum to obtain the third frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum; Step S7: Based on the saved phase information, perform a two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform on the third amplitude spectrum to convert it to the time-space domain, and obtain the target seismic shot gather after interference suppression.

[0005] Preferably, the preset blank band length is 2-3 sample points extending before and after the stripe position to zero energy.

[0006] Preferably, when identifying the stripe position using Hough transform, the peak points in the Hough transform data that are related to the horizontal stripes are picked out, and the peak threshold value is the maximum value multiplied by a coefficient of 0.1-0.3.

[0007] Preferably, the frequency-wavenumber domain transformation is implemented using a two-dimensional Fourier transform algorithm.

[0008] Preferably, the time-space domain inverse transform is implemented using a two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform algorithm.

[0009] Preferably, the compressed sensing method is based on the sparsity of frequency-wavenumber domain data and completes spectrum recovery by solving the matrix through the entire data.

[0010] Preferably, the saved phase information is used exclusively for subsequent inverse time-space domain transform processing.

[0011] Preferably, the peak threshold value is a coefficient of 0.15 multiplied by the maximum value.

[0012] Preferably, 3×3 small-scale smoothing is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum without destroying the relative relationships of the original spectrum.

[0013] Preferably, the energy zeroing process only applies to the stripes and surrounding areas corresponding to single-frequency interference, preserving the effective signal spectrum area.

[0014] A single-frequency interference suppression system, characterized in that it comprises: The data acquisition unit is used to acquire the seismic shot sets to be processed. The frequency-wavenumber domain transformation unit is used to perform frequency-wavenumber domain transformation on the seismic shot gather to obtain the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum and save the phase information of each time sampling point during the transformation process; Small-scale smoothing unit is used to perform 3×3 small-scale smoothing on the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to improve the signal-to-noise ratio; The Hough transform identification unit is used to perform Hough transform on the smoothed amplitude spectrum and identify the stripe positions corresponding to single-frequency interference. The energy zeroing processing unit is used to perform energy zeroing processing on the stripes and surrounding areas of the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum according to the stripe position and the preset blank band length, so as to obtain the second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum. The compressed sensing recovery unit is used to perform spectrum recovery on the second amplitude spectrum using the compressed sensing method to obtain the third frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum. The inverse transform restoration unit is used to perform a two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform on the third amplitude spectrum based on the saved phase information, transforming it to the time-space domain to obtain the target seismic shot gather after interference suppression.

[0015] Based on the above, by converting the seismic shot gather to the frequency and wavenumber domains, combining Hough transform to accurately locate the position of single-frequency interference fringes, and then performing targeted energy zeroing and compressed sensing spectrum recovery, linear single-frequency interference in the seismic shot gather can be effectively suppressed, while completely preserving the effective signal of the subsurface medium response, significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio and clarity of the seismic data.

[0016] By leveraging 3×3 small-scale smoothing to optimize interference identification accuracy and setting the preset blank band to zero to enhance interference removal, coupled with an inverse transformation process that preserves phase information fidelity, the defects of traditional interpolation recovery are avoided, while ensuring the integrity and accuracy of data processing. This significantly improves the suppression efficiency and processing reliability of single-frequency interference in seismic exploration data. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This application provides a schematic diagram of an application data processing system architecture. Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the single-frequency interference suppression method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 1 ; Figure 3 The input seismic shot gather and its frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 The image shows the shot collection effect after single-frequency suppression and the noise removed, as provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 5 A magnified comparison of the processing before and after, and the noise, provided for embodiments of this application; Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating the single-frequency interference suppression method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 2 ; Figure 7 A comparison diagram of the frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum before and after compressed sensing processing provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating the single-frequency interference suppression method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 3 ; Figure 9 Hough transform and horizontal fringe identification of seismic shot sets provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of the single-frequency interference suppression device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the structure of a single-frequency interference suppression device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The method for suppressing linear interference waves from the seismic shot collection will be described in detail below.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an application data processing system architecture provided in an embodiment of this application. The application data processing system is a computer device. Figure 1 As shown, the above architecture includes at least one of a data acquisition device 101, a processing device 102, and a display device 103.

[0020] It is understood that the structures illustrated in the embodiments of this application do not constitute a specific limitation on the architecture of the application data processing system. In other feasible embodiments of this application, the above architecture may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or combine some components, or split some components, or arrange different components, which can be determined according to the actual application scenario and is not limited here. Figure 1 The components shown can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both.

[0021] In the specific implementation process, the data acquisition device 101 may include an input / output interface or a communication interface, and the data acquisition device 101 can be connected to the processing device through the input / output interface or the communication interface.

[0022] The processing device 102 can acquire the seismic shot gather to be processed; perform a frequency-wavenumber domain transformation on the seismic shot gather to obtain a first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum; perform a Hough transform on the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to identify the positions of multiple single-frequency interference fringes in the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum; perform energy zeroing processing on the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum according to the fringe positions to obtain a second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum; perform spectral recovery processing on the second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to obtain a third frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum; and perform time-space domain transformation processing on the frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to obtain the target seismic shot gather.

[0023] The display device 103 can also be a touch screen or the screen of a terminal device, used to receive user commands while displaying the above-mentioned content, so as to realize interaction with the user.

[0024] It should be understood that the aforementioned processing device can be implemented by a processor reading instructions from memory and executing those instructions, or it can be implemented by a chip circuit.

[0025] Furthermore, the network architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0026] Figure 2A flowchart illustrating the single-frequency interference suppression method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 1 ,like Figure 2 As shown, the single-frequency interference suppression method provided in this embodiment includes: S201. Obtain the seismic shot set to be processed; In this embodiment, the seismic shot collection is obtained through seismic exploration technology and contains information on the response of the subsurface medium to artificially induced seismic waves.

[0027] Obtain the seismic shot set that needs to be processed and use it as the starting dataset for subsequent single-frequency interference suppression processing.

[0028] S202. Perform frequency-wavenumber domain transformation on the seismic shot gather to obtain the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum; In this embodiment, frequency-wavenumber domain transformation is a mathematical method for converting seismic data from the time-space domain to the frequency-wavenumber domain.

[0029] Specifically, Figure 3 The input seismic shot gather and its frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum provided in the embodiments of this application are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, where, Figure 3 'a' represents the input seismic shot set. Figure 3 b is the frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum of the input shot gather; in Figure 3 There are multiple single-frequency interference signals on the input shot collection of a, some vertically distributed and some obliquely distributed, and the single-frequency interference is very serious. Figure 3 b is the frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum of the input shot collection. There are multiple distinct white horizontal stripes on the graph, and each stripe corresponds to the sum of the energy of a single-frequency interference signal.

[0030] Using two-dimensional Fourier transform or related algorithms, the seismic shot gather is transformed from the time-space domain to the frequency-wavenumber domain to obtain the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum.

[0031] S203. Perform Hough transform on the amplitude spectrum in the first frequency-wavenumber domain to identify the positions of multiple single-frequency interference fringes in the amplitude spectrum in the first frequency-wavenumber domain. In this embodiment, the Hough transform is an image processing technique used to detect straight lines or curves in an image.

[0032] In the frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum, single-frequency interference usually manifests as a series of parallel or approximately parallel fringes. By applying the Hough transform to the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum, the positions of multiple fringes caused by single-frequency interference can be identified.

[0033] S204. The energy of the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum is zeroed according to the fringe position to obtain the second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum. After determining the location of the single-frequency interference fringes, in order to eliminate these interferences, the amplitude values ​​at the corresponding positions in the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum are zeroed according to the fringe positions identified by the Hough transform. That is, the amplitude values ​​at these fringe positions are set to zero, thereby eliminating the influence of single-frequency interference and obtaining the second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum.

[0034] S205. Perform spectral recovery processing on the second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to obtain the third frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum; In this embodiment, spectrum recovery processing refers to compressed sensing processing.

[0035] While zeroing out direct energy effectively eliminates single-frequency interference, it may also affect other useful information in the seismic data. Therefore, after zeroing, since the frequency-wavenumber domain data becomes sparse, compressed sensing can be used to perform spectral recovery processing on the second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to restore the original spectral characteristics of the seismic data as much as possible, thus obtaining the third frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum.

[0036] S206. Perform time-space domain transformation on the frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to obtain the target seismic shot gather.

[0037] Using two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform or related algorithms, the amplitude spectrum in the third frequency-wavenumber domain is transformed back from the frequency-wavenumber domain to the time-space domain to obtain the final target seismic shot gather.

[0038] Figure 4 The image shows the effect of a single-frequency suppression shot collection provided in the embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 4 As shown, where, Figure 4 a represents the final processing result: the strong mixed single-frequency interference on the gun assembly was effectively suppressed. Figure 4 b is the noise profile that has been removed.

[0039] Figure 5 The following are magnified comparison images of the processing before and after, and the noise, provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 5 As shown, where, Figure 5 'a' represents the processing of the pre-gun set. Figure 5 b represents the processed shot collection. Figure 5 c represents the noise profile. Figure 5 There are clear valid signals within the white circles in b. Figure 5 The fact that a is completely covered by single-frequency interference indicates that the single-frequency interference suppression method provided in this application has a significant processing effect.

[0040] This application provides a method for suppressing single-frequency interference. First, the seismic shot gather to be processed is acquired, providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent processing. Next, frequency-wavenumber domain transformation is used to convert the seismic data from the time-space domain to the frequency-wavenumber domain, making the single-frequency interference characteristics stand out as stripes in the frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum, facilitating subsequent identification. Through Hough transform, the positions of these interference stripes are accurately located, providing a basis for subsequent energy zeroing processing. Energy zeroing processing directly weakens the energy of the interference stripes, effectively reducing the impact of single-frequency interference on the seismic data. Spectrum restoration processing ensures that the processed data maintains coherence and integrity in the frequency-wavenumber domain, avoiding data distortion. Finally, through time-space domain transformation, the processed data is converted back to the original time-space domain, resulting in a target seismic shot gather with a significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio and effectively suppressed interference, thus achieving the technical effect of improving the efficiency and accuracy of single-frequency interference suppression.

[0041] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating the single-frequency interference suppression method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 2 ,like Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment, based on the above embodiments, provides a detailed explanation of the acquisition process of the second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum and the third frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum, including: S601. The energy of the stripe positions on the amplitude spectrum in the first frequency-wavenumber domain is zeroed. The precise positions of each fringe on the amplitude spectrum in the first frequency-wavenumber domain are zeroed out.

[0042] S602. According to the preset blank band length, the energy around the stripe positions on the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum is zeroed to obtain the second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum. Specifically, based on the preset blank band length, 2 to 3 sample points are added before and after the accurate position of each stripe in the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum for zeroing, generating multiple blank bands with zero values, forming the corresponding second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum; among them, the multiple blank bands with zero values ​​are the positions corresponding to single-frequency interference.

[0043] S603. Using compressed sensing, the second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum is processed for spectral recovery to obtain the third frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum.

[0044] In this embodiment, compressed sensing (CS) is a signal processing method that breaks through the traditional Nyquist sampling theorem and allows signal recovery from samples at rates far below the Nyquist rate.

[0045] By using compressed sensing, the second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum after being zeroed is restored to obtain the complete third frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum. This process recovers the spectral information lost due to the zeroing process to a certain extent, reduces the impact on the effective signal spectrum, and makes the third frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum, excluding single-frequency interference, closer to the original effective signal spectrum.

[0046] It is important to note that the signal is sparse in a certain transform domain, meaning that some coefficients are zero or close to zero. This is a prerequisite for compressed sensing, because only with a sparse signal can a longer amount of data be recovered from fewer measurements. After removing multiple fringe values ​​to zero through the above steps, the frequency-wavenumber domain spectral data becomes sparse data. Although traditional interpolation methods can be used for recovery, the recovery effect cannot meet expectations. The values ​​interpolated by traditional methods are entirely determined by the two points on either side of the blank space. In contrast, compressed sensing obtains the value by solving the matrix of the entire data, resulting in a stronger recovery effect than traditional interpolation methods.

[0047] Figure 7 A comparison diagram of the frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum before and after compressed sensing processing provided in the embodiments of this application, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, where, Figure 7 a represents the frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum reconstructed by compressed sensing. Figure 7 b represents the frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum before compressed sensing reconstruction. After reconstruction, the suppression of horizontal fringes is greatly improved, and the resulting frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum is more natural with a certain improvement in signal-to-noise ratio. For sparse data in the frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum, which forms multiple zero values, conventional interpolation methods cannot effectively recover the frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum.

[0048] The single-frequency interference suppression method provided in this application firstly reduces the energy of the single-frequency interference by zeroing the energy of the fringe positions on the amplitude spectrum in the first frequency-wavenumber domain, effectively reducing its impact on seismic data. Next, it zeroes the energy around the fringe positions according to a preset blank band length. This step not only further eliminates the potential influence of the interference fringes but also improves the data purity and signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, it uses compressed sensing to perform spectral recovery processing on the zeroed amplitude spectrum, successfully restoring the spectral characteristics of the data and enhancing its noise resistance, making the processed data more complete and reliable. This organic combination of steps not only ensures the effective suppression of single-frequency interference but also provides a more accurate and reliable data foundation for subsequent seismic data processing and interpretation, achieving the technical effect of improving the suppression efficiency and accuracy of automatic single-frequency interference.

[0049] Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating the single-frequency interference suppression method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 3 ,like Figure 8As shown, this embodiment, based on the above embodiments, provides a detailed explanation of the process for identifying the positions of multiple single-frequency interference stripes, including: S801. Perform frequency-wavenumber domain transformation on the seismic shot gather to obtain the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum; Using two-dimensional Fourier transform or related algorithms, frequency-wavenumber domain transformation is performed on the seismic shot gather to obtain the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum.

[0050] It should be noted that when converting a seismic shot gather to the frequency-wavenumber domain, the amount of data after the conversion is controlled by the number of time sampling points and the sampling interval. Generally, the amount of data after converting a seismic shot gather to the frequency-wavenumber domain will be reduced, which is more conducive to subsequent processing.

[0051] In the time domain, a Fourier transform is performed on the seismic shot gather to obtain the amplitude and phase of different frequency components. Spatially, a similar Fourier transform is performed on multiple seismic shot gathers to obtain the amplitude and phase of different wave numbers in space. For a shot gather with time t and offset x... Its frequency-wavenumber domain transform is defined as: in, For a complex number, its amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum are as follows: Where f is the frequency and k is the wave number.

[0052] S802, storing phase information at each time sampling point during frequency-wavenumber domain transformation; In this embodiment, phase information is used for time-space domain transformation processing.

[0053] After obtaining the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum, the phase information of each time sampling point during the frequency-wavenumber domain transformation is saved.

[0054] It is important to note that after saving the phase information, this information can be used to convert the subsequent third frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum back from the frequency-wavenumber domain to the time-space domain, obtaining the final target seismic shot gather. The specific formula is as follows: .

[0055] S803. Smooth the amplitude spectrum in the first frequency-wavenumber domain to obtain the smoothed amplitude spectrum in the first frequency-wavenumber domain. Specifically, a 3x3 small-scale smoothing of the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum is performed to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum.

[0056] It is important to note that the purpose of performing 3x3 small-scale smoothing on the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum is to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum so that the information of the horizontal stripes can be extracted more accurately during the Hough transform. The smoothing step size should not be too large, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum needs to be appropriately increased to avoid destroying the relative relationship of the original spectrum and losing effective signals. 3x3 is the minimum parameter for two-dimensional smoothing.

[0057] S804. Perform Hough transform on the smoothed first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to obtain the corresponding Hough transform data. A Hough transform is performed on the smoothed first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to obtain the transformed Hough transform data.

[0058] Figure 9 The Hough transform and horizontal fringe identification of the seismic shot set provided in the embodiments of this application are as follows: Figure 9 As shown, where, Figure 9 Hough transform diagram of a seismic shot collection. Figure 9 b represents horizontal stripes for image recognition. Figure 9 The white boxes in section 'a' mark the peak points with higher energy. Projecting these points back onto the frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum yields the positions of the horizontal stripes. The frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum with zero blank bands and sparse data (black represents 0) is shown in [reference needed]. Figure 9 b.

[0059] S805. Determine the peak points in the Hough transform data, and based on the peak points, determine the stripe positions of multiple single-frequency interferences.

[0060] Based on the Hough transform data, the peak points associated with the horizontal stripes are picked out; and the corresponding stripe positions of multiple single-frequency interferences on the frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum are found through the peak points.

[0061] It's important to note that the basic idea of ​​the Hough transform is to convert the curve in image space to parameter space, and then determine the curve's parameters by detecting the extrema in the parameter space. This is replaced by polar coordinate parametric equations, namely:

[0062] Where ρ is the distance from the origin to the line, The angle between the normal to the line and the x-axis. Discretize the data at a resolution (e.g., 1°), typically within the range [-900, 900]. Each line then corresponds to a point in the parameter space. Each point in the image space corresponds to a sine curve in the parameter space. Thus, when multiple points in the image lie on the same straight line, their sine curves in the parameter space will intersect at the same point. This intersection point corresponds to... These are the parameters of that straight line. The point with the strongest energy is the peak point. The threshold value for the peak is determined by multiplying the maximum value by a coefficient k. The smaller k is, the more peak points there are, corresponding to horizontal stripes with lower energy. If there are no horizontal stripes on the image, it is difficult to identify the peak points. In this application, k is set to 0.15, but this may vary depending on the input. For single-frequency interference on seismic shot gathers, a k value in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 is usually sufficient to identify most of the horizontal stripes in the frequency-wavenumber domain for single-frequency interference.

[0063] The single-frequency interference suppression method provided in this application firstly smooths the amplitude spectrum in the first frequency-wavenumber domain. This step effectively reduces the impact of noise and random fluctuations on the amplitude spectrum, making the fringe features clearer and more prominent. Secondly, it performs a frequency-wavenumber domain transformation on the seismic shot gather, converting the seismic data from the time-space domain to the frequency-wavenumber domain. This step allows the single-frequency interference features to appear as fringes in the amplitude spectrum, providing a clear and intuitive image basis for subsequent identification. Simultaneously, the phase information during the transformation process is preserved, providing key parameters for the final recovery of the original data. Next, a Hough transform is performed on the smoothed amplitude spectrum, converting the fringe features into peak points in Hough space. This step greatly simplifies the identification of fringe positions. By determining the peak points in the Hough transform data, the fringe positions can be accurately located, thereby achieving accurate automatic identification of multiple single-frequency interferences. This series of steps not only improves the identification accuracy but also ensures the accuracy and reliability of subsequent processing, providing solid technical support for effectively suppressing single-frequency interference and achieving the technical effect of improving the suppression efficiency and accuracy of single-frequency interference.

[0064] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a single-frequency interference suppression device provided in an embodiment of this application. The device in this embodiment can be in software and / or hardware form. Figure 10 As shown in the embodiment of this application, the single-frequency interference suppression device 1000 includes: a first acquisition module 1001, a first conversion module 1002, a second conversion module 1003, a first processing module 1004, a second processing module 1005, and a third conversion module 1006. The first acquisition module 1001 is used to acquire the seismic shot set to be processed; The first transformation module 1002 is used to perform frequency-wavenumber domain transformation on the seismic shot gather to obtain the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum. The second transformation module 1003 is used to perform Hough transform on the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum in order to identify the positions of multiple single-frequency interference fringes in the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum. The first processing module 1004 is used to perform energy zeroing processing on the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum according to the fringe position to obtain the second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum. The second processing module 1005 is used to perform spectral recovery processing on the second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to obtain the third frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum. The third transformation module 1006 is used to perform time-space domain transformation processing on the frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to obtain the target seismic shot gather.

[0065] In one possible implementation, the second processing module 1005 is further configured to: The compressed sensing method is used to perform spectral recovery processing on the second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to obtain the third frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum.

[0066] In one possible implementation, the first processing module 1004 is further configured to: The energy of the fringe positions on the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum is zeroed out, and the energy around the fringe positions on the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum is zeroed out according to the preset blank band length, so as to obtain the second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum.

[0067] In one possible implementation, the second transformation module 1003 is further configured to: The amplitude spectrum in the first frequency-wavenumber domain is smoothed to obtain the smoothed amplitude spectrum in the first frequency-wavenumber domain. A Hough transform is performed on the smoothed first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to identify the positions of multiple single-frequency interference fringes in the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum.

[0068] In one possible implementation, the first transformation module 1002 is further configured to: Phase information at each time sampling point during frequency-wavenumber domain transformation is stored; Phase information is used for time-space domain transformation processing.

[0069] In one possible implementation, the second transformation module 1003 is further configured to: Perform a Hough transform on the amplitude spectrum in the first frequency-wavenumber domain to obtain the corresponding Hough transform data; Determine the peak points in the Hough transform data; Based on the peak points, the positions of the stripes for multiple single-frequency interferences are determined.

[0070] The single-frequency interference suppression device provided in this embodiment can perform the method provided in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, and will not be described in detail here.

[0071] Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-frequency interference suppression device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 11 As shown, the single-frequency interference suppression device 1100 provided in this embodiment includes at least one processor 1101 and a memory 1102. Optionally, the device 1100 further includes a communication component 1103. The processor 1101, memory 1102, and communication component 1103 are connected via a bus.

[0072] In a specific implementation, at least one processor 1101 executes computer execution instructions stored in memory 1102, causing at least one processor 1101 to perform the above-described method.

[0073] The specific implementation process of processor 1101 can be found in the above method embodiments, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar. It will not be repeated here.

[0074] In the above embodiments, it should be understood that the processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in this invention can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor.

[0075] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device.

[0076] The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of illustration, the buses shown in the accompanying drawings are not limited to a single bus or a single type of bus.

[0077] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0078] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described method.

[0079] The aforementioned readable storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. The readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0080] An exemplary readable storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the readable storage medium. Of course, the readable storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the readable storage medium can reside in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Alternatively, the processor and the readable storage medium can exist as discrete components in the device.

[0081] The division of units is merely a logical functional division; in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0082] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0083] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0084] If a function is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0085] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above-described method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the program performs the steps of the above-described method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0086] It should be noted that, in order to simplify the description of the present invention and thus help to understand one or more embodiments of the invention, multiple features may sometimes be grouped into one embodiment, drawing or description thereof in the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0087] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for suppressing single-frequency interference, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step S1: Obtain the seismic shot gather to be processed; Step S2: Perform frequency-wavenumber domain transformation on the seismic shot gather to obtain the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum, and save the phase information of each time sampling point during the transformation process; Step S3: Perform 3×3 small-scale smoothing on the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to improve the signal-to-noise ratio; Step S4: Perform Hough transform on the smoothed amplitude spectrum to identify the fringe positions corresponding to single-frequency interference; Step S5: Based on the stripe position and the preset blank band length, perform zero energy processing on the stripes and surrounding areas of the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to obtain the second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum. Step S6: Use compressed sensing to perform spectral recovery on the second amplitude spectrum to obtain the third frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum; Step S7: Based on the saved phase information, perform a two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform on the third amplitude spectrum to convert it to the time-space domain, and obtain the target seismic shot gather after interference suppression.

2. The method for suppressing single-frequency interference according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset blank band length is 2-3 sample points extended before and after the stripe position to set the energy to zero.

3. The method for suppressing single-frequency interference according to claim 1, characterized in that: When identifying the position of stripes using Hough transform, the peak points corresponding to the horizontal stripes in the Hough transform data are picked out, and the peak threshold value is the maximum value multiplied by a coefficient of 0.1-0.

3.

4. The method for suppressing single-frequency interference according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frequency-wavenumber domain transformation is implemented using a two-dimensional Fourier transform algorithm.

5. The method for suppressing single-frequency interference according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inverse time-space domain transform is implemented using a two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform algorithm.

6. The method for suppressing single-frequency interference according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compressed sensing method is based on the sparsity of frequency-wavenumber domain data and completes spectrum recovery by solving the matrix of the entire data.

7. The method for suppressing single-frequency interference according to claim 1, characterized in that: The saved phase information is dedicated to subsequent inverse time-space domain transformation processing.

8. The method for suppressing single-frequency interference according to claim 3, characterized in that: The peak threshold value is calculated by multiplying the maximum value by a coefficient of 0.

15.

9. The method for suppressing single-frequency interference according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3×3 small-scale smoothing is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the frequency-wavenumber domain spectrum without destroying the relative relationships of the original spectrum; The zero-energy processing only applies to the stripes and surrounding areas corresponding to single-frequency interference, preserving the effective signal spectrum area.

10. A single-frequency interference suppression system, characterized in that: include: The data acquisition unit is used to acquire the seismic shot sets to be processed. The frequency-wavenumber domain transformation unit is used to perform frequency-wavenumber domain transformation on the seismic shot gather to obtain the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum and save the phase information of each time sampling point during the transformation process; Small-scale smoothing unit is used to perform 3×3 small-scale smoothing on the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum to improve the signal-to-noise ratio; The Hough transform identification unit is used to perform Hough transform on the smoothed amplitude spectrum and identify the stripe positions corresponding to single-frequency interference. The energy zeroing processing unit is used to perform energy zeroing processing on the stripes and surrounding areas of the first frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum according to the stripe position and the preset blank band length, so as to obtain the second frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum. The compressed sensing recovery unit is used to perform spectrum recovery on the second amplitude spectrum using the compressed sensing method to obtain the third frequency-wavenumber domain amplitude spectrum. The inverse transform restoration unit is used to perform a two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform on the third amplitude spectrum based on the saved phase information, transforming it to the time-space domain to obtain the target seismic shot gather after interference suppression.

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