A wireless surgical handle for arthroscopic surgery

Abstract

The present application relates to a wireless surgical handle for arthroscopic surgery, comprising a handle body and a plurality of function modules, the handle body is provided with a module connecting interface, the function module is provided with a matching interface which matches the module connecting interface, only when the module connecting interface of the handle body is correctly connected to the matching interface of the function module, the wireless surgical handle starts to work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and more specifically to a wireless surgical handpiece for arthroscopic surgery. Background Technology

[0002] In arthroscopic surgery, surgeons need to alternate between various instruments with different functions, such as planing, grinding, and radiofrequency ablation. Currently, most of these instruments are independent wired devices, each with its own dedicated handle and main unit, resulting in a large number of devices and messy cables in the operating room. In recent years, although some manufacturers have launched products such as wireless planers, these products are single-function, with one handle corresponding to only one function. For example, existing wireless planer handles can only drive the planing blade; if radiofrequency ablation is required, a completely different radiofrequency instrument must be used. This single-use mode increases the frequency and time of instrument changes during surgery, raises the hospital's equipment procurement and sterilization management costs, and also affects the smoothness of surgical procedures. Although some manufacturers have proposed the concept of an integrated control console, they have not yet achieved substantial integration of a single handle driving multiple working ends by changing modules. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a wireless surgical handpiece for arthroscopic surgery, comprising: a handpiece body and several functional modules. The handpiece body is provided with a module connection interface, and the functional modules are provided with mating interfaces that match the module connection interface. The module connection interface and the mating interfaces together constitute a connection structure for realizing mechanical connection, electrical connection and / or identification between the functional modules and the handpiece body. The wireless surgical handpiece further includes a control unit, which is configured to: after detecting that the module connection interface and the mating interface are connected in place and confirming that preset safety enabling conditions are met, allow the wireless surgical handpiece to output power and / or therapeutic energy corresponding to the functional module. The control unit limits the corresponding power output mode and / or energy output mode for different types of functional modules. The wireless surgical handpiece only starts working when the module connection interface of the handpiece body is electrically and mechanically adapted to the mating interface of the functional module and identifies the functional module.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present invention, the functional module includes a planing head module and a radiofrequency ablation head module, and different functional modules correspond to different preset operating parameters. The control unit can automatically call the speed, torque, power, output mode and / or safety threshold corresponding to the functional module according to the identification result.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, the module connection interface is disposed at the front end of the handle body, the module connection interface includes a plurality of elastic electrical contacts and a rotary locking ring, the locking ring has a spiral groove inside, and the inner wall of the handle body adjacent to the locking ring includes a guide groove, the guide groove cooperating with the spiral groove so that the functional module is axially guided and circumferentially locked after insertion to complete the connection, thereby reducing intraoperative misinsertion and connection loosening.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, the mating interface is disposed at the tail end of the functional module, and the mating interface is provided with a contact piece corresponding to the elastic electrical contact, a locking key corresponding to the spiral groove, and a guide key corresponding to the guide groove. The guide key and the locking key are disposed on the outer wall of the connecting handle 21 at positions offset from each other in the circumferential and axial directions to prevent interference, and are arranged asymmetrically to form a foolproof structure, restricting the functional module to be assembled onto the handle body in a unique or predetermined posture.

[0007] According to one aspect of the invention, the inner wall of the locking ring and the outer wall of the handle body are provided with mating threads, the locking ring and the handle body are fixed together by the threads in a locking manner, and the locking ring is configured to generate perceptible tactile feedback and / or acoustic feedback when a predetermined locking position is reached.

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, the elastic electrical contacts of the module connection interface adopt a spring pin structure, which appears as several raised circular metal dots arranged in an arc or double row at the bottom of the module connection interface. When uncompressed, the spring pin structure extends outward; when compressed, the spring pin structure compresses the spring inward to generate a stable contact force, and at least some of the elastic electrical contacts have different axial lengths, so that a ground connection is established first and a signal and / or power supply connection is established later during the functional module connection process.

[0009] According to one aspect of the invention, each of the resilient contacts represents a binary bit, and the functional module causes the state of the resilient contacts to correspond to a high level, a low level, or an open state, thereby forming different binary codes. The control unit identifies the type of the functional module based on the binary codes and enables and / or disables the corresponding operating mode and / or incompatible operating modes accordingly.

[0010] According to one aspect of the invention, the different binary codes identify different functional modules, and at least a portion of the binary codes also correspond to one or more of the functional module's category, specification, and / or usage attributes.

[0011] According to one aspect of the present invention, a magnetic sensor is provided on the handle body, and a magnetic component is provided on the locking ring. When the locking ring approaches the handle body, the magnetic component rotates to a predetermined locking position near the magnetic sensor, thereby the magnetic sensor senses a change in the magnetic field and outputs a signal to unlock the functional component so that the functional component can work normally. When the locking ring rotates to the predetermined locking position, the magnetic component is near the magnetic sensor, so that the magnetic sensor outputs a locked-in signal. The control unit enables the functional module to work according to the locked-in signal, and the locked-in signal and the functional module identification signal together constitute a dual enable condition.

[0012] According to one aspect of the present invention, the wireless surgical handpiece further includes a module safety detection and interlocking system. The module safety detection and interlocking system includes a functional module in-situ electronic detection unit, a functional module identity authentication and response unit, a mechanical lock status detection unit, and a safety interlocking logic unit. The functional module in-situ electronic detection unit determines whether the module connection interface and the mating interface are correctly connected. The functional module identity authentication and response unit identifies the functional module according to a preset code and responds accordingly. The mechanical lock status detection unit detects the mechanical lock status of the functional module. The safety interlocking logic unit activates the wireless surgical handpiece only when both the "correct electronic connection" and "mechanical lock in place" conditions are met simultaneously, and immediately cuts off the power output and / or energy output when either condition is no longer met.

[0013] According to one aspect of the invention, the electronic detection unit uses electronic detection methods such as digital encoding, resistance identification, or chip identification to detect functional modules, and verifies whether the connected functional modules are authorized modules and / or compatible with the current handle body based on the detection results.

[0014] According to one aspect of the invention, the electronic detection unit uses waveform detection to detect functional modules, the waveform detection including detecting at least one of a preset pulse signal, frequency response, duty cycle characteristics, or timing characteristics to distinguish different functional modules.

[0015] According to one aspect of the present invention, the module connection interface and the mating interface are quick-connect structures such as magnetic, slider, or snap-fit.

[0016] According to one aspect of the invention, the functional module is sterilized by ethylene oxide, irradiation or other suitable sterilization methods and then aseptically packaged and delivered. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which illustrate various embodiments of the present invention, are described below. In the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, and some parts may be enlarged to show the details of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 1 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the various components of a wireless surgical handpiece for arthroscopic surgery according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is an internal control flowchart of the handle body and functional modules of the wireless surgical handle for arthroscopic surgery according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a waveform diagram of the planing module of the wireless surgical handpiece for arthroscopic surgery according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a waveform diagram of the radiofrequency ablation module of the wireless surgical handpiece for arthroscopic surgery according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure Labels 1-Handle body; 11-Battery; 12-Main control board; 121-Microcontroller; 122-Magnetic sensor; 13-Motor; 14-Display screen; 15-Composite interface; 151-Electrical contact; 152-Rotary locking ring; 1521-Helical groove; 153-Guide groove; 2-Planking head module; 21-Connecting handle; 211-Contact piece; 212-Locking key; 213-Guide key; 22-Planking head; 3-RF ablation head module; 31-Connecting handle; 32-RF generation circuit; 33-Electrode head Detailed Implementation

[0020] The embodiments of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The detailed description of the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings are used to illustrate the principles of this application by way of example, but should not be used to limit the scope of this application. This application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

[0021] These embodiments are provided to make the application thorough and complete, and to fully express the scope of the application to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of components and steps, material composition, numerical expressions, and values ​​illustrated in these embodiments should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limiting.

[0022] All terms used in this application have the same meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains, unless otherwise specifically defined. It should also be understood that terms defined in general dictionaries should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the relevant art, and not as idealized or highly formalized, unless expressly defined herein.

[0023] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, they should be considered part of the specification.

[0024] Before describing the various embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, for ease of understanding, the terms proximal end and distal end are defined, wherein the side closer to the holder is the proximal end, and the side closer to the working end is the distal end.

[0025] Reference Figure 1 This invention illustrates an exploded view of the various components of a wireless surgical handpiece for arthroscopic surgery according to the present invention. In arthroscopic surgery, instruments typically enter the joint cavity through a small operating channel and are used to perform operations such as cutting, grinding, ablation, or hemostasis in a continuous irrigation environment. Surgeons often need to quickly switch between different functional instruments while maintaining arthroscopic visualization. Therefore, the connection between the functional modules and the handpiece body must not only meet the requirements of rapid assembly but also ensure controllable assembly posture, identifiable connection, stable electrical contact, and prevention of accidental triggering. Based on these clinical needs, the present invention has co-designed the connection interface, locking structure, identification method, and safety interlocking logic.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the wireless surgical handpiece for arthroscopic surgery of the present invention includes a handpiece body 1 and functional modules. The functional modules may include a planer head module 2 and a radiofrequency ablation head module 3. In some other embodiments, the functional modules may also include a drill bit module, a laser fiber head module, etc. These modules work together to complete the various steps of arthroscopic surgery.

[0027] The handle body 1 is generally hollow cylindrical in shape and includes a battery 11, a main control board 12, a motor 13, and a display screen 14. The battery 11 is installed in the battery holder of the handle body 1 to power the wireless surgical handle. The main control board 12 and the motor 13 are located in the hollow cavity of the handle body. The motor 12 is connected to the rotating shaft of the handle body 1 to drive the shaft to rotate. The main control board 12 is equipped with a microcontroller 121 and a magnetic sensor 122. The magnetic sensor 122 is, for example, a Hall sensor or a magnetoresistive sensor, which can sense changes in the magnetic field and output a signal to the microcontroller 121. The display screen 14 is located on the outer side of the handle body 1, preferably in a position that is easy for the user to observe, so as to display necessary information to the user. A composite interface 15 is provided at the distal end of the handle body 1. The composite interface 15 includes multiple elastic electrical contacts 151 and a rotating locking ring 152. The locking ring 152 has a spiral groove 1521 inside, and the inner wall of the handle adjacent to the locking ring 152 includes a guide groove 153. The multiple elastic electrical contacts 151 can be arranged in a ring structure circumferentially. In some embodiments, at least one of annular seal, lip seal or labyrinth seal structure is provided between the composite interface 15 and the connecting handle of the functional module to reduce the risk of irrigation fluid, blood or tissue debris entering the electrical contact area, thereby improving the connection stability of the interface in arthroscopic irrigation environment.

[0028] The planing head module 2 has a connecting handle 21 at its tail end. A contact piece 211 is provided at the end of the connecting handle 21, corresponding to the electrical contact 151 of the composite interface 15 of the handle body 1. A locking key 212 is provided on the outer wall of the connecting handle 21, corresponding to the spiral groove 1521 on the locking ring 152 of the composite interface 15 of the handle body 1. A guide key 213 is also provided on the outer wall of the connecting handle 21, corresponding to the guide groove 153 of the composite interface 15 of the handle body 1. The locking key 212 and the guide key 213 are preferably positioned on the outer wall of the connecting handle 21 at a circumferential and axial offset to avoid unnecessary interference, for example, offset 180° circumferentially and offset by a certain distance axially. Figure 1 As shown. Preferably, the guide key 213 and / or locking key 212 are arranged asymmetrically to form a foolproof structure, thereby allowing only the planing head module 2 to be assembled with the handle body 1 in a unique or predetermined posture. This structure helps the operator to accurately complete the insertion even when wearing gloves, with limited vision, or when quickly changing modules during the operation, avoiding poor contact or deviation of the working end orientation caused by incorrect assembly posture. Through the mating connection between the locking key 212 and the spiral groove 1521, and between the guide key 213 and the guide groove 153, the planing head module 2 and the handle body 1 are mechanically connected, and at the same time, the contact piece 211 of the planing head module 2 is electrically connected to the electrical contact 151 of the handle body 1.

[0029] The connecting handle 21 contains a drive shaft, the far end of which is connected to the disposable planer head 22. When the planer head module 2 is connected to the handle body 1, the drive shaft of the connecting handle 21 is connected to the rotating shaft of the handle body 1. Thus, the power from the motor 13 is transmitted to the disposable planer head 22 via the rotating shaft of the handle body 1 and the drive shaft of the connecting handle 21 of the planer head module 2, so that the disposable planer head 22 rotates and works.

[0030] The tail end of the radiofrequency ablation head module 3 has a connecting handle 31 with a similar structure, but the radiofrequency ablation head module 3 internally contains a miniature radiofrequency generation circuit 32, and the front end is an electrode head 33. When the functional modules include a drill bit module and a laser fiber head module, the tail ends of these modules can also have a connecting handle 31 with a similar structure.

[0031] The working process of the wireless surgical handpiece of the present invention is described below.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the planing head module 2 is connected to the handle body 1 in the following manner: a rotating locking ring 152 is sleeved on the far end of the handle body 1. Specifically, the inner wall of the locking ring 152 is provided with an internal thread on the near end, and the outer wall of the handle body 1 is provided with an external thread that mates with it on the far end. Thus, the locking ring 152 and the handle body 1 are fixed together by a threaded locking method.

[0033] Locking key 212 and guide key 213 are located on the proximal outer wall of the planer head module 2. Locking key 212 is a raised block-shaped or spherical locking key, and guide key 213 is a raised axial guide key. Locking key 212 engages with the spiral groove 1521 inside the locking ring 152, and guide key 213 engages with the guide groove 153 inside the fixed interface at the distal end of the handle body. Before the procedure, the nurse inserts the sterilized connecting handle 21 of the planer head module 2 into the composite interface 15 of the handle body 1, causing guide key 213 to insert into the guide groove 153 and locking key 212 to enter the end of the spiral groove 1521. Then, tightening the locking ring 152 causes it to move proximally towards the handle body 1. Simultaneously, the spiral groove 1521 pushes the locking key 212. However, since the connecting handle 21 is restricted from rotation by the guide key 153, this thrust is converted into an axial force, causing the planing head module 2 to gradually approach the handle body 1, eventually bringing the contact piece 211 into contact with the elastic electrical contact 151. During the locking process, the planing head module 2 does not rotate circumferentially relative to the handle body 1, but mainly approaches and presses closer along the axial direction, facilitating operator control of the head direction.

[0034] In arthroscopic surgery, the orientation of the shaving head's window and the electrode head's working surface both affect their contact with the target tissue. If the functional module rotates circumferentially during the locking process, the surgeon's intended working end orientation may deviate, increasing the need to readjust the instrument's posture after insertion into the joint cavity. Therefore, this invention employs a circumferential limiting structure where guide key 213 engages with guide groove 153, establishing a predetermined posture for the functional module upon insertion. Simultaneously, the spiral groove 1521 of the rotating locking ring 152 engages with the locking key 212, converting the rotational motion of the locking ring 152 into an axial pressing motion of the functional module relative to the handle body 1. Because the circumferential freedom of the functional module body is restricted, the working end essentially does not rotate during locking, thus maintaining a stable working end orientation while achieving reliable mechanical locking. Preferably, the circumferential position of guide key 213 is pre-established with a fixed correspondence to the window opening direction of the shaving head 22 or the effective working direction of the electrode head 33, ensuring that the working end maintains a predictable orientation relative to the handle body 1 after the functional module is assembled. Furthermore, the guide key 213 and guide groove 153 preferably complete the posture limitation before the contact piece 211 and electrical contact 151 are fully pressed into contact, thereby completing the orientation of the working end first, and then completing the mechanical locking and electrical connection establishment. The locking action is completed by an independently set locking ring 152, rather than by directly screwing in the rotating functional module body. Therefore, during the locking process, the functional module body basically does not rotate circumferentially, but is only gradually pressed along the axial direction. This design helps to maintain the stability of the working end orientation and also improves the repeatability and intuitiveness of operation during rapid intraoperative garment changes.

[0035] Therefore, the orientation of the window of the planer head 22 remains stable during the assembly process, which is especially suitable for arthroscopic surgery where the direction of action of the instrument working end is critical, and helps to reduce the need for readjustment of the instrument posture during the operation.

[0036] The flexible electrical contact 151 can adopt a spring-loaded pin structure, which appears as several raised circular metal dots arranged in an arc or double row at the bottom of the composite interface.

[0037] In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of resilient electrical contacts 151 has a free length greater than that of the signal contact and / or the power supply contact, thereby preferentially establishing a grounding loop during the insertion of the functional module, and then establishing the signal and power supply connections upon further compression. This design helps to improve electrical stability during the connection process.

[0038] Since functional modules are typically replaced rapidly in humid environments during arthroscopic surgery, establishing signal or power connections before the reference ground is stable can cause identification level drift, momentary misjudgments, or abnormal enabling. Therefore, in some embodiments, the multiple flexible electrical contacts 151 in the composite interface 15 employ a graded contact design, where at least one ground contact has a free length greater than the signal and / or power supply contacts, or the corresponding module-side contact piece enters the contact position earlier along the axial direction. This prioritizes establishing a mechanical connection during functional module insertion, followed by the identification signal and power supply circuits, thereby improving electrical stability and safety during module switching.

[0039] When uncompressed, the probe head extends outward; when compressed, the probe head compresses the spring inward, generating a stable contact force. Each electrical contact represents a binary bit. The planer head module 2 connects these contacts to a high level, low level, or disconnection via internal circuitry, forming a unique binary code. When contact piece 211 contacts the elastic electrical contact 151, the main control board 12 identifies the connected module as planer head module 2 through a pre-set digital code, and then displays "planing mode" on the display screen 14 and loads the corresponding control program.

[0040] Closed-loop surgery is typically performed in a continuous irrigation environment, where the interface area may contain a liquid film, blood residue, or tissue debris. If electrical contact relies solely on static pressing, increased contact resistance, unstable identification, or intermittent conduction may occur. Therefore, in some embodiments, during the assembly and locking of the functional module, a predetermined slight relative slippage is formed between the contact piece 211 and the elastic electrical contact 151 in addition to axial pressing. This creates a wiping effect on the contact interface, thereby breaking the liquid film trapped between the two contact surfaces and reducing the impact of surface contamination, improving the conductivity stability of the interface in humid environments. Preferably, the head of the elastic electrical contact 151 can be arc-shaped or hemispherical to balance concentrated contact pressure and smooth wiping action.

[0041] Since arthroscopic surgery is typically performed in a continuous irrigation fluid environment, liquid may seep into the interface along the connection gap between the functional module and the handle body, thus affecting the stability and long-term reliability of the electrical contact. Therefore, in some embodiments, a sealing structure is provided between the composite interface 15 and the connecting handles 21 and 31. This sealing structure is preferably located outside the electrical contact area to prevent liquid from reaching the resilient electrical contact 151. The sealing structure can be an annular sealing ring, a lip seal, a labyrinth seal, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the locking ring 152, while axially compressing the functional module, also brings the sealing structure to a predetermined compression state, thereby improving the liquid-resistant performance of the interface without significantly affecting the rapid insertion and removal of the module.

[0042] In some embodiments, to improve the connection reliability of the interface between the functional module and the handle body in an arthroscopic fluid environment, the composite interface 15 adopts a multi-layered electrical connection protection design. First, a sealing structure is provided between the composite interface 15 and the connecting handles 21 and 31. This sealing structure may include an annular sealing ring, a lip seal, a labyrinth seal structure, or a combination thereof, to reduce the risk of irrigation fluid, blood, or tissue debris entering the electrical contact area. Second, the free length of at least one grounding contact among the multiple elastic electrical contacts 151 is greater than the free length of the signal contact and / or power supply contact, ensuring that a grounding connection is established first during functional module insertion, followed by the identification signal connection and power supply connection, thereby improving electrical stability during the connection process. Third, during the process of the locking ring 152 axially pressing the functional module towards the handle body 1, a predetermined small relative sliding occurs between the contact piece 211 and the elastic electrical contact 151 to wipe the contact interface, thereby reducing the impact of liquid film, oxide layer, or micro-contaminants on conductivity stability. Through the above design, the identification reliability and safety of the module in rapid replacement and humid environments can be improved.

[0043] In some embodiments, after identifying the planer head module 2, the microcontroller 121 automatically calls the default operating parameters corresponding to the module, including preset speed range, torque limit, and start / stop logic. Preferably, an upper limit can also be set for the operator-adjustable parameters to reduce operating states that exceed the safe operating range of the corresponding module. Simultaneously, when the locking ring 152 approaches the handle body 1, its internal magnetic component (not shown) is located directly above (or very close to) the magnetic sensor 122 on the main control board 12. The magnetic sensor 122 senses the change in magnetic field, outputs a signal, unlocks the instrument, and allows it to be used normally. Simultaneously, when the locking ring 152 rotates to the predetermined locking position, its internal magnetic component (not shown) is located directly above or within the effective sensing range of the magnetic sensor 122 on the main control board 12. The magnetic sensor 122 senses the change in magnetic field and outputs a locked-in signal. The microcontroller 121 only allows the corresponding functional module to enter the working state when it confirms that the locked-in signal and the module identification result are both valid.

[0044] The doctor can then perform the planing operation. In addition, during the process of the locking ring 152 pressing the functional module against the handle body 1, a predetermined micro-sliding can be formed between the contact piece 211 and the elastic electrical contact 151 to generate a wiping effect on the contact interface, thereby removing liquid film, oxide layer or micro-contaminants, and improving the reliability of electrical connection in humid environments.

[0045] It should be noted that in this invention, a light sensor can be used to replace a magnetic sensor, and a signal can be output to unlock the device based on changes in the amount of light. Such modifications also fall within the scope of this invention.

[0046] When switching to radiofrequency ablation is required, the doctor rotates the locking ring 152 to unlock, removes the planer head module 2, and replaces it with the radiofrequency ablation head module 3. The handle body 1 automatically recognizes and switches to "radiofrequency mode," allowing the doctor to continue the ablation operation. The battery 11 of the handle body 1 provides power for this mode. In some embodiments, when the radiofrequency ablation head module 3 is recognized, the microcontroller 121 disables the motor 13 from outputting mechanical rotational drive force to the module and enables the treatment energy output path corresponding to the radiofrequency ablation head module 3; while when the planer head module 2 or the drill bit module is recognized, mechanical power output is enabled and incompatible treatment energy output is disabled. This avoids applying the wrong type of output to incompatible modules.

[0047] Now Figure 1 Based on reference Figure 2 The workflow of the module safety detection and interlocking system for the wireless surgical handpiece of the present invention is described.

[0048] To ensure surgical safety and prevent accidental activation when the module is not installed correctly, this invention integrates a module safety detection and interlocking system in the handle body 1.

[0049] The module's safety detection and interlocking system includes: The in-situ electronic detection unit for the module has at least one set of electrical contacts 151 inside the composite interface 15 of the handle body 1. When the functional modules 2 and 3 are inserted into the composite interface 15 and reach a preset mechanical position, the electrical contacts 151 make tight contact with the contact pieces 211 on the functional modules 2 and 3, thereby forming a closed loop. The microcontroller 121 of the main control board 12 identifies the module information through this closed loop, or first sends a specific detection signal. It should be noted that the electronic detection unit can also use electronic detection methods such as digital encoding, resistance identification, or chip identification.

[0050] Module authentication and response unit: Assuming low level is 0 and high level is 1, because the circuit board inside the module has a pre-set connection method for the electrical contacts, the microcontroller 121 can read the digital status by recognizing the high and low levels of different electrical contacts. Based on the preset encoding, this digital information is mapped to different modules.

[0051] Mechanical locking state detection unit: A micro switch or magnetic sensor 122 is set on the main control board 12 near the composite interface 15. When the locking ring 152 is fully locked in place, the magnet inside it will trigger the magnetic sensor 122, outputting a high / low level signal to the microcontroller 121.

[0052] Safety interlock logic unit: The microcontroller 121 has a built-in safety interlock logic. Its operation is as follows: a. Once a module insertion is detected and the mechanical initial sensing is triggered, the detection process is automatically started.

[0053] b. The microcontroller 121 automatically identifies the connection or sends a detection signal and waits for a return signal from the receiving module. Only after receiving a correct signal is the "electronic connection correct" determined.

[0054] c. At the same time, the microcontroller 121 reads the signal from the mechanical locking status detection unit and determines that "mechanical locking is in place".

[0055] d. The microcontroller 121 will only allow power supply to the drive circuit (such as the motor drive chip or the radio frequency generator circuit) of the functional module or enable the output control signal when both conditions of "correct electronic connection" and "mechanical lock in place" are met simultaneously. If either condition is not met, the system will send an error alarm through the display screen 14 on the handle body 1 and forcibly disable the energy output of the motor 13 or the radio frequency, achieving double protection at both the hardware and software levels. In some embodiments, the microcontroller 121 continuously monitors the electronic connection status, identification status, and mechanical lock status during module operation. If a connection interruption, lock loosening, abnormal identification signal, or return waveform exceeding a preset threshold range is detected during operation, the microcontroller 121 will stop the output of the motor 13 and / or stop the therapeutic energy output within a predetermined time and display fault information on the display screen 14.

[0056] In another method for module electronic detection according to the present invention, after the electrical contact establishes a path with the contact piece, the microcontroller sends an enable signal (e.g., a high level) to the functional module through the contact circuit. The RC oscillation circuit inside the module operates upon receiving the enable signal and returns a square wave signal of a fixed frequency. In this embodiment, different frequencies or duty cycles can be set for the planing module and the radio frequency module. The handle uniquely determines the module type by detecting the frequency (i.e., the number of pulse repetitions per unit time) or duty cycle (i.e., the ratio of the duration of the high level to the entire signal period) of these pulses and comparing it with internally stored frequency thresholds. Preferably, the microcontroller 121 only confirms the corresponding functional module type after detecting frequencies and / or duty cycles falling within the corresponding threshold range for multiple consecutive sampling periods, thereby reducing the risk of misidentification due to contact jitter, liquid interference, or transient noise. Figure 3 This is a waveform diagram of the planing module of the wireless surgical handpiece for arthroscopic surgery according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a waveform diagram of the radiofrequency ablation module of the wireless surgical handpiece for arthroscopic surgery according to the present invention. From Figure 3 and Figure 4 As can be seen, their frequencies and duty cycles are different, and the electronic detection unit can identify the corresponding functional modules based on these different frequencies and duty cycles.

[0057] The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above description. For example, the composite interface can also be a quick-connect structure such as a magnetic, slider, or snap-on type. The disposable working end module can be sterilized by ethylene oxide, irradiation, or other suitable sterilization methods and then delivered in aseptic packaging. Various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments of the present invention according to various application scenarios without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. In some embodiments, the functional module is a disposable sterile part that comes into direct contact with patient tissue, while the handle body 1 is a reusable part. The functional module can be sterilized by ethylene oxide, irradiation, or other suitable sterilization methods and delivered in sterile individual packaging. By retaining the high-value drive and control components within the reusable handle body 1, while modularizing and independently sterilizing the working end that comes into contact with the patient, the impact of repeated sterilization on the main electronic components and mechanical structure can be reduced while meeting clinical sterility requirements.

[0058] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Multi-functional and highly integrated: Through modular design, a single universal handle body can be adapted to a variety of working ends, achieving a high degree of integration of multiple surgical functions such as shaving and radiofrequency, significantly reducing the number of basic handles required for surgery and the impact of main unit and cables used when using wired instruments.

[0059] Reduced costs and easier management: Expensive drive and control components (handle body) are reusable, and the working end that only comes into contact with the patient is disposable or can be sterilized separately, reducing the cost of consumables per surgery and simplifying the cleaning, sterilization and inventory management process of instruments.

[0060] Improved surgical efficiency: The entire handpiece device can be replaced intraoperatively; only the working end module needs to be quickly changed to switch functions, significantly reducing surgical preparation and step-by-step transition time, resulting in a smoother surgical procedure. The working end does not rotate during module assembly, making it easier for the surgeon to determine the orientation of the instrument's working end, enhancing usability.

[0061] The embodiments of this application have now been described in detail. To avoid obscuring the concept of this application, some details known in the art have not been described. Those skilled in the art can fully understand how to implement the technical solutions disclosed herein based on the above description.

[0062] While specific embodiments of this application have been described in detail by way of examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the above examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can be made to the above embodiments or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the scope and spirit of this application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any manner.

Claims

1. A wireless surgical handpiece for arthroscopic surgery, comprising: The controller body comprises a main body and several functional modules, with module connection interfaces provided on the main body. The functional module is provided with a mating interface that matches the module connection interface. The module connection interface and the mating interface together constitute a connection structure for realizing mechanical connection, electrical connection and / or identity recognition between the functional module and the handle body. The wireless surgical handpiece also includes a control unit, which is configured to: after detecting that the module connection interface and the mating interface are connected in place and confirming that the preset safety enable conditions are met, allow the wireless surgical handpiece to output power and / or energy corresponding to the functional module. The control unit limits the corresponding power output mode and / or energy output mode for different types of functional modules. The wireless surgical handpiece only starts working when the module connection interface of the handpiece body is electrically and mechanically adapted to the mating interface of the functional module and the functional module is identified.

2. The wireless surgical handpiece as described in claim 1, wherein, The functional modules include a planing head module and a radiofrequency ablation head module, and different functional modules correspond to different preset working parameters. The control unit is configured to automatically call the speed, torque, power, output mode and / or safety threshold corresponding to the functional module according to the identification result.

3. The wireless surgical handpiece as described in claim 1, wherein, The module connection interface is located at the front end of the handle body. The module connection interface includes multiple elastic electrical contacts and a rotating locking ring. The locking ring has a spiral groove inside. The inner wall of the handle body adjacent to the locking ring has a guide groove. The guide groove cooperates with the spiral groove so that the functional module is axially guided and circumferentially locked after insertion to complete the connection, thereby reducing misinsertion and loosening during the operation.

4. The wireless surgical handpiece as described in claim 3, wherein, The mating interface is located at the tail end of the functional module. The mating interface is provided with a contact piece corresponding to the elastic electrical contact, a locking key corresponding to the spiral groove, and a guide key corresponding to the guide groove. The guide key and the locking key are located on the outer wall of the connecting handle 21 at positions that are offset from each other in the circumferential and axial directions to prevent interference. They are also arranged asymmetrically to form a foolproof structure, restricting the functional module to be assembled onto the handle body in a unique or predetermined posture.

5. The wireless surgical handpiece as described in claim 3, wherein, The inner wall of the locking ring and the outer wall of the handle body are provided with mating threads. The locking ring and the handle body are fixed together by the threads in a locking manner. The locking ring is configured to generate perceptible tactile feedback and / or audible feedback when a predetermined locking position is reached.

6. The wireless surgical handpiece as described in claim 3, wherein, The elastic electrical contacts of the module connection interface adopt a spring pin structure, which appears as several raised circular metal dots arranged in an arc or double row at the bottom of the module connection interface. When uncompressed, the spring pin structure extends outward; when compressed, the spring pin structure compresses the spring inward to generate a stable contact force. At least some of the elastic electrical contacts have different axial lengths, so that a mechanical connection is established first and then a signal and / or power supply connection is established during the functional module connection process.

7. The wireless surgical handpiece as described in claim 6, wherein, Each of the elastic contacts represents a binary bit. The functional module causes the state of the elastic contacts to correspond to a high level, a low level, or an open state, thereby forming different binary codes. The control unit identifies the type of the functional module based on the binary code and enables the corresponding working mode and / or disables incompatible working modes accordingly.

8. The wireless surgical handpiece as described in claim 7, wherein, The different binary codes identify different functional modules, and at least a portion of the binary codes also correspond to one or more of the functional module's category, specification, and / or usage attributes.

9. The wireless surgical handpiece as described in claim 3, wherein, The handle body is equipped with a magnetic sensor, and the locking ring is equipped with a magnetic component. When the locking ring is rotated to a predetermined locking position, the magnetic component is located near the magnetic sensor, thereby outputting a locking signal. The control unit enables the functional module according to the locking signal to make the functional module work normally, and the locking signal and the functional module identification signal together constitute a dual enabling condition.

10. The wireless surgical handpiece as described in claim 1 further includes a module safety detection and interlocking system, the module safety detection and interlocking system including a functional module in-situ electronic detection unit, a functional module identity authentication and response unit, a mechanical lock status detection unit, and a safety interlocking logic unit. The functional module in-situ electronic detection unit determines whether the module connection interface and the mating interface are correctly connected. The functional module identity authentication and response unit identifies the functional module according to a preset code and responds accordingly. The mechanical lock status detection unit detects the mechanical lock status of the functional module. The safety interlocking logic unit only starts the wireless surgical handpiece when both the "correct electronic connection" and "mechanical lock in place" conditions are met simultaneously, and immediately cuts off the power output and / or energy output when either condition is no longer met.

11. The wireless surgical handpiece as claimed in claim 10, wherein, The electronic detection unit uses digital encoding, resistance identification, or chip identification methods to detect functional modules and verifies whether the connected functional modules are authorized modules and / or compatible with the current handle body based on the detection results.

12. The wireless surgical handpiece as claimed in claim 10, wherein, The electronic detection unit uses waveform detection to detect functional modules. The waveform detection includes detecting at least one of preset pulse signals, frequency response, duty cycle characteristics, or timing characteristics to distinguish different functional modules.

13. The wireless surgical handpiece as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The module connection interface and the mating interface are quick-connect structures such as magnetic, slider, or snap-on.

14. The wireless surgical handpiece of claim 1, wherein the functional module is sterilized by ethylene oxide, irradiation or other suitable sterilization methods and then delivered in aseptic packaging.

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