Aluminum alloy component lightweight die casting equipment and process

Abstract

The application provides a die casting equipment and process of a lightweight aluminum alloy component, and relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy die casting. The die casting equipment of the lightweight aluminum alloy component comprises a rack, a die and a compression chamber, a pushing piece is arranged on an upper punch and a lower punch, and a plane where the pushing piece is located is perpendicular to the length direction of a nozzle; the upper punch and the lower punch are synchronously moved upward until the upper surface of the lower punch is beyond the nozzle, the accommodation cavity is separated from the nozzle, and the molten metal is poured into the accommodation cavity; the upper punch and the lower punch are synchronously moved downward until the accommodation cavity is communicated with the nozzle, the driving piece makes the pushing piece close to the nozzle, the molten metal in the accommodation cavity is pushed to the nozzle and the cavity, the injection direction of the molten metal is coincident with the length direction of the nozzle, the injection force loss is reduced, the filling flow rate and the filling pressure of the molten metal are ensured to a certain extent, the molten metal can be completely filled in the cavity in a short time, especially in thin-walled or complex structure parts, and the compactness and the forming quality of the casting are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy die casting technology, and in particular to a die casting equipment and process for lightweight aluminum alloy components. Background Technology

[0002] Die casting is a crucial method for pressure casting of non-ferrous metals, widely used in the formation of high-strength, lightweight structural components in aerospace, automotive, and high-speed rail industries. Depending on whether the pressure chamber is immersed in molten metal, commonly used equipment can be divided into hot chamber die casting and cold chamber die casting. In cold chamber die casting, the pressure chamber is separated from the holding furnace; the molten metal must first be transferred to the pressure chamber before injection. Based on the relative arrangement of the pressure chamber and the mold, it is further divided into horizontal, vertical, and fully vertical types. The vertical cold chamber die casting method uses a vertical injection approach, injecting molten metal such as aluminum alloy into the mold cavity through the lower gating gate in a direction perpendicular to the mold parting surface. During injection and filling, the flow direction of the molten metal changes at the connection with the gating gate. This process helps reduce the tendency for air entrapment during molten metal filling, offers greater flexibility in gating system design, facilitates the placement of a central gating gate, and has significant application value in the die casting production of lightweight components such as aluminum alloys.

[0003] The injection direction of a vertical cold chamber die casting machine is perpendicular to the extension direction of the mold gate, resulting in a large loss of injection force. This loss of injection force reduces the filling flow rate and filling pressure of the molten metal, making it difficult to completely fill the cavity in a short time, especially in thin-walled or complex structural parts, thus affecting the density and forming quality of the casting.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section of this invention is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this invention, and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a die-casting equipment and process for lightweight aluminum alloy components to address the problems existing in current vertical cold chamber die-casting machines.

[0006] The above objectives are achieved through the following technical solutions: A die-casting device for lightweight aluminum alloy components includes a frame and a mold and a pressure chamber mounted on the frame. The mold has a cavity, and a nozzle that connects the cavity and the pressure chamber and is horizontal in the longitudinal direction is provided. An upper punch and a lower punch are respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of the pressure chamber, and both the upper punch and the lower punch can move up and down relative to the pressure chamber. The pressure chamber located between the upper punch and the lower punch is called the first chamber. The upper punch and the lower punch are jointly provided with a plate-shaped pusher. The plane of the pusher is perpendicular to the length direction of the nozzle. The pusher divides the first chamber. The first chamber on the side of the pusher closer to the nozzle is called the receiving chamber, which is used to receive molten metal. The pusher is equipped with a driving member, which is used to move the pusher along the length direction of the nozzle to approach or move away from the nozzle. When the receiving chamber is connected to the nozzle, the driving member moves the pusher closer to the nozzle to push the molten metal in the receiving chamber towards the nozzle and the cavity.

[0007] Furthermore, the upper and lower ends of the pusher can move closer and further apart to change the vertical dimension of the pusher. The upper end of the pusher is slidably connected to the lower surface of the upper punch, and the lower end of the pusher is slidably connected to the upper surface of the lower punch. The drive is a compression spring. After the accommodating cavity is filled with molten metal, the upper punch moves downward to approach the lower punch, and the molten metal in the accommodating cavity is squeezed to exert a force on the pusher, so that the drive is compressed and stores power. When the accommodating cavity is connected to the nozzle, the stored power of the drive is released, causing the pusher to approach the nozzle. The pusher is equipped with a limiting member, which is used to keep the pusher and the nozzle spaced apart to form the accommodating cavity.

[0008] Furthermore, the lower surface of the upper punch is inclined from top to bottom and from near to far from the nozzle, while the upper surface of the lower punch is inclined from top to bottom and from far to near the nozzle. The driving member is located between the upper and lower ends of the pushing member, and the driving member is used to make the upper and lower ends of the pushing member tend to move away from each other. The limiting member is a tension spring, and one end of the limiting member is connected to both the upper and lower punches, while the other end is connected to the pushing member. The limiting member is used to make the pushing member tend to move away from the nozzle along the length direction of the nozzle.

[0009] Furthermore, the pusher includes two slides arranged opposite each other, which can move closer and further away from each other to change the size of the pusher in the vertical direction; the side surface of the upper slide near the nozzle is inclined from top to bottom and from away from the nozzle to close to the nozzle, and the side surface of the lower slide near the nozzle is inclined from bottom to top and from away from the nozzle to close to the nozzle.

[0010] Furthermore, the ends of the two sliding plates that are far apart from each other abut against the lower surface of the upper punch and the upper surface of the lower punch, respectively, and the ends of the two sliding plates that are far apart from each other are in contact with the lower surface of the upper punch and the upper surface of the lower punch, respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the pushing component also includes a first substrate, both slide plates are slidably connected to the first substrate, the upper punch and the lower punch are jointly provided with a second substrate, one end of the limiting component is connected to the first substrate, and the other end is connected to the second substrate.

[0012] Furthermore, the second substrate can slide simultaneously relative to the upper punch and the lower punch, and a third elastic member is provided between the second substrate and the upper punch, and between the second substrate and the lower punch. The third elastic member is used to center the second substrate between the upper punch and the lower punch.

[0013] Furthermore, the slide plate is provided with a guide rod, which is slidably connected to the first substrate; the side surface of the slide plate away from the nozzle contacts the side surface of the first substrate near the nozzle and can slide relative to each other.

[0014] This invention also provides the following technical solutions: A die-casting process for lightweight aluminum alloy components includes the following steps: S01. The upper punch and the lower punch move upward synchronously until the upper surface of the lower punch passes the nozzle, separating the receiving cavity from the nozzle, and pouring molten metal into the receiving cavity. S02. The upper punch and the lower punch move downwards synchronously until the lower surface of the upper punch is completely inside the pressure chamber. S03, the upper punch moves downward to approach the lower punch, the molten metal in the accommodating cavity is squeezed and exerts a force on the two slide plates, so that the driving component is compressed and stores power. S04. The upper punch and lower punch continue to move downward synchronously until the receiving cavity is connected to the nozzle. The stored driving force is released, causing the two slide plates to approach the nozzle, so as to push the molten metal in the receiving cavity to the nozzle and the cavity until the molten metal fills the cavity. S05, hold pressure for the first preset time, die-cast to form a casting in the cavity and the remaining material in the receiving cavity; S06. The upper and lower punches move upwards synchronously to cut off the casting and scrap. S07. The upper punch and lower punch continue to move upward synchronously until the upper surface of the lower punch is completely detached from the pressure chamber. The drive unit continues to release, causing the two slide plates to continue to approach the nozzle and move away from each other, so as to push the remaining material out of the receiving cavity. S08. The lower punch moves downward away from the upper punch, and the limiting member moves the two slide plates away from the nozzle along the length of the nozzle to reset the position of the two slide plates in the first chamber. S09. The upper punch and the lower punch move downwards synchronously to reset their positions in the pressure chamber. S10, after the casting has cooled and solidified for the second preset time, open the mold to remove the casting.

[0015] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The upper and lower punches move upwards synchronously until the upper surface of the lower punch passes the nozzle, separating the receiving cavity from the nozzle, and pouring molten metal into the receiving cavity. Then, the upper and lower punches move downwards synchronously until the receiving cavity connects with the nozzle. The driving component moves the pushing component closer to the nozzle to push the molten metal in the receiving cavity towards the nozzle and the mold cavity. The injection direction of the molten metal coincides with the length direction of the nozzle to reduce injection force loss and, to a certain extent, ensure the filling flow rate and filling pressure of the molten metal, so that the molten metal can completely fill the mold cavity in a short time, especially in thin-walled or complex structural parts, thereby ensuring the density and forming quality of the casting. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the die-casting equipment for lightweight aluminum alloy components provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Side view; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view along axis AA; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the pusher component in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 1 A partial structural diagram; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Side view; Figure 8 for Figure 7 CC-direction sectional view; Figure 9 for Figure 8 A magnified view of a section at point D; Figure 10 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the state of the upper and middle punches moving downwards to approach the lower punch; Figure 11 for Figure 10 A magnified view of a section at point E in the middle; Figure 12 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the state when the middle accommodating cavity is connected to the nozzle; Figure 13 for Figure 12 A magnified view of a section at point F in the middle; Figure 14 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the state when the upper surface of the lower punch is completely detached from the pressure chamber; Figure 15 for Figure 14 A magnified view of a section at point G in the middle; Figure 16 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the die-casting equipment for lightweight aluminum alloy components provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the pusher component in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0017] in: 100. Frame; 101. Mold; 102. Pressure chamber; 103. Nozzle; 104. Upper punch; 105. Lower punch; 106. Fixed mold; 107. Moving mold; 108. First telescopic cylinder; 109. Fixed arm; 110. Second telescopic cylinder; 111. Third telescopic cylinder; 201. Pushing component; 202. Receiving cavity; 203. Driving component; 204. Limiting component; 205. Slide plate; 206. First substrate; 207. Second substrate; 208. Guide rod. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0019] The component designations used in this document, such as "first" and "second," are merely for distinguishing the described objects and do not have any sequential or technical meaning. The terms "connection" and "linkage" used in this invention, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (linkages). It should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0020] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0021] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 15 As shown, Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a die-casting device for lightweight aluminum alloy components (hereinafter referred to as die-casting device), including a frame 100 and a mold 101 and a pressure chamber 102 disposed on the frame 100. The mold 101 has a cavity, and a nozzle 103 is provided between the cavity and the pressure chamber 102 to connect the two and is horizontal in the length direction. An upper punch 104 and a lower punch 105 are respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of the pressure chamber 102, and both the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 can move up and down relative to the pressure chamber 102. The pressure chamber 102 located between the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 is referred to as the first chamber. The upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 are provided with a common structure. The pusher 201 has a plate-like structure. The plane of the pusher 201 is perpendicular to the length direction of the nozzle 103. The pusher 201 divides the first chamber. The first chamber on the side of the pusher 201 closer to the nozzle 103 is called the receiving chamber 202. The receiving chamber 202 is used to receive molten metal. The pusher 201 is equipped with a drive 203. The drive 203 is used to move the pusher 201 along the length direction of the nozzle 103 to get closer to or away from the nozzle 103. When the receiving chamber 202 is connected to the nozzle 103, the drive 203 makes the pusher 201 closer to the nozzle 103 to push the molten metal in the receiving chamber 202 toward the nozzle 103 and the cavity.

[0022] The upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 move upward synchronously until the upper surface of the lower punch 105 passes the nozzle 103, as shown. Figure 4 As shown, the receiving cavity 202 is separated from the nozzle 103, and molten metal is poured into the receiving cavity 202; then the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 move downwards synchronously until the receiving cavity 202 is connected to the nozzle 103, as shown. Figure 13 As shown, the driving component 203 brings the pushing component 201 closer to the nozzle 103 to push the molten metal in the accommodating cavity 202 toward the nozzle 103 and the mold cavity. The injection direction of the molten metal coincides with the length direction of the nozzle 103 to reduce injection force loss and to a certain extent ensure the filling flow rate and filling pressure of the molten metal, so that the molten metal can completely fill the mold cavity in a short time, especially thin-walled or complex structural parts, thereby ensuring the density and forming quality of the casting.

[0023] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3The mold 101 includes a fixed mold 106 and a movable mold 107. The fixed mold 106 is fixed on the frame 100. The frame 100 is equipped with a first telescopic cylinder 108. The output end of the first telescopic cylinder 108 is used to drive the movable mold 107 to move closer to or away from the fixed mold 106, so as to realize mold closing and mold opening. The fixed mold 106 and the movable mold 107 together form a cavity, the specific shape of which depends on the shape of the casting to be processed. The movable mold 107 is equipped with an ejection mechanism, which is used to eject the casting formed in the cavity from the cavity, thereby removing the casting. The specific structure and working principle of the ejection mechanism are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here. A fixed arm 109 is mounted on the frame 100, and a pressure chamber 102 is mounted on the fixed arm 109. A second telescopic cylinder 110 and a third telescopic cylinder 111 are also mounted on the fixed arm 109. The output ends of the second telescopic cylinder 110 and the third telescopic cylinder 111 are both vertically aligned and collinear. The second telescopic cylinder 110 is located above the pressure chamber 102, and its output end is used to drive the upper punch 104 to move up and down relative to the pressure chamber 102. The third telescopic cylinder 111 is located below the pressure chamber 102, and its output end is used to drive the lower punch 105 to move up and down relative to the pressure chamber 102. The first telescopic cylinder 108, the second telescopic cylinder 110, and the third telescopic cylinder 111 can be hydraulic cylinders or electric push rods, etc., and are equipped with corresponding power sources and control modules to control the start / stop and extension / retraction stroke of their telescopic ends. (See also...) Figure 4 The nozzle 103 is located on the lower side of the pressure chamber 102. The fixed mold 106 has a through hole corresponding to the nozzle 103 to connect the cavity to the pressure chamber 102. The horizontal cross-sectional shapes of the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 are matched with the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the pressure chamber 102. The upper punch 104 is equipped with an exhaust mechanism, specifically a vertically arranged and small-sized exhaust groove, to exhaust the gas in the pressure chamber 102. Additionally, the mold 101 also has an exhaust groove and an overflow groove, utilizing the natural escape of gas during the advancement of the molten metal to exhaust the gas in the cavity and pressure chamber 102. Of course, a vacuum exhaust system can also be additionally configured to ensure sufficient exhaust of gas from the molten metal, reducing internal porosity defects. The exhaust systems described above for exhausting gas during die casting are existing technologies and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0024] Furthermore, the molten metal used in this invention is aluminum alloy, enabling the die-casting production of aluminum alloy components. Taking the chassis crossbeam of a new energy vehicle or the connecting bracket of a high-speed rail car body as examples, these are both aluminum alloy die-cast parts, typical lightweight non-ferrous metal structural components. Using the die-casting equipment of this invention, the resulting die-cast parts, after subsequent processing, are assembled into the body structure of new energy vehicles and the connecting bracket of high-speed rail cars, respectively, to meet requirements such as high lightweighting, airtightness, and high fatigue strength.

[0025] Furthermore, the upper and lower ends of the pusher 201 can move closer and further apart to change the vertical dimension of the pusher 201. The upper end of the pusher 201 is slidably connected to the lower surface of the upper punch 104, and the lower end of the pusher 201 is slidably connected to the upper surface of the lower punch 105. The drive member 203 is a compression spring. After the accommodating cavity 202 is filled with molten metal, the upper punch 104 moves downward to approach the lower punch 105. The molten metal in the accommodating cavity 202 is squeezed and exerts a force on the pusher 201, so that the drive member 203 is compressed and stores power. When the accommodating cavity 202 is connected to the nozzle 103, the stored power of the drive member 203 is released, causing the pusher 201 to approach the nozzle 103. The pusher 201 is equipped with a limiting member 204, which is used to space the pusher 201 and the nozzle 103 to form the accommodating cavity 202.

[0026] After the molten metal is placed in the receiving cavity 202, the upper punch 104 moves downward to approach the lower punch 105, thereby compressing the first chamber and the receiving cavity 202 in the vertical direction. The molten metal in the receiving cavity 202 is squeezed in the vertical direction, exerting a force on the pushing member 201. Since the overall volume of the molten metal in the receiving cavity 202 remains unchanged, the pushing member 201 can only move in a direction away from the nozzle 103. Figure 9 and Figure 11 As shown, this causes the receiving cavity 202 to expand horizontally while simultaneously compressing the driving member 203 to store force. When the receiving cavity 202 is connected to the nozzle 103, as... Figure 13 As shown, since the nozzle 103 and the cavity are hollow, the stored driving member 203 is released, thereby causing the pushing member 201 to approach the nozzle 103 and push the molten metal in the accommodating cavity 202 toward the nozzle 103 and the cavity.

[0027] Understandably, the pusher 201 divides the first chamber. The first chamber on the side of the pusher 201 closer to the nozzle 103 is the receiving chamber 202, which is used to receive molten metal. The first chamber on the side of the pusher 201 away from the nozzle 103 is the mounting chamber, which is used to mount related components and is not in contact with molten metal. The receiving chamber 202 and the mounting chamber together form the first chamber. In addition, before the upper punch 104 moves downward to approach the lower punch 105, the limiting member 204 applies a force to the pusher 201, thereby balancing the forces on the pusher 201, so that the pusher 201 and the nozzle 103 are spaced apart to form the receiving chamber 202.

[0028] In other embodiments not shown, the drive member 203 may be a fourth telescopic cylinder, the output end of which extends into the pressure chamber 102 and is directly fixed to the pusher 201. The telescopic direction of the output end of the fourth telescopic cylinder is parallel to the length direction of the nozzle 103, so that the pusher 201 moves along the length direction of the nozzle 103 to approach or move away from the nozzle 103. After the accommodating cavity 202 is filled with molten metal, the upper punch 104 moves downward to approach the lower punch 105 to compress the first chamber and the accommodating cavity 202 in the vertical direction. During this process, the output end of the fourth telescopic cylinder is in a follow-up state. The molten metal in the accommodating cavity 202 causes the pusher 201 to move away from the nozzle 103. When the accommodating cavity 202 is connected to the nozzle 103, the output end of the fourth telescopic cylinder causes the pusher 201 to approach the nozzle 103 to push the molten metal in the accommodating cavity 202 toward the nozzle 103 and the cavity.

[0029] Furthermore, the lower surface of the upper punch 104 is inclined from top to bottom and from near to far from the nozzle 103, and the upper surface of the lower punch 105 is inclined from top to bottom and from far to near the nozzle 103; the driving member 203 is disposed between the upper and lower ends of the pushing member 201, and the driving member 203 is used to make the upper and lower ends of the pushing member 201 tend to move away from each other; the limiting member 204 is a tension spring, and one end of the limiting member 204 is connected to both the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105, and the other end is connected to the pushing member 201, and the limiting member 204 is used to make the pushing member 201 tend to move away from the nozzle 103 along the length direction of the nozzle 103.

[0030] Before the upper punch 104 moves downward to approach the lower punch 105, as Figure 4 and Figure 9 As shown, the driving member 203 is a compression spring and applies a first elastic force to the pushing member 201. The first elastic force causes the lower surface of the upper punch 104 and the upper surface of the lower punch 105 to apply a first supporting force to the pushing member 201. The component of the first supporting force in the length direction of the nozzle 103 causes the pushing member 201 to tend to move closer to the nozzle 103. The limiting member 204 is a tension spring and applies a second elastic force to the pushing member 201. The second elastic force acts on the pushing member 201 and causes the pushing member 201 to tend to move away from the nozzle 103. The component of the first supporting force in the length direction of the nozzle 103 is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the second elastic force. Therefore, the pushing member 201 is in force balance and the pushing member 201 stays at a specific position in the first chamber. The pushing member 201 and the nozzle 103 are spaced apart to form a receiving cavity 202.

[0031] After the molten metal is placed in the receiving cavity 202, the upper punch 104 moves downward to approach the lower punch 105, as... Figure 9 and Figure 11As shown, the molten metal in the accommodating cavity 202 is squeezed and exerts a force on the pusher 201, so that the drive member 203 is compressed and stores power. During this process, the first elastic force increases due to the shortening of the length of the drive member 203, which increases the component of the first support force in the length direction of the nozzle 103. However, the second elastic force decreases due to the shortening of the length of the limiting member 204. The decrease in the second elastic force is supplemented by the force exerted by the molten metal on the pusher 201 until the component of the first support force in the length direction of the nozzle 103 increases to be equal to the sum of the second elastic force and the force exerted by the molten metal on the pusher 201. The pusher 201 is once again in equilibrium and stops moving away from the nozzle 103.

[0032] When the receiving cavity 202 is connected to the nozzle 103, such as Figure 13 As shown, the force exerted by the molten metal on the pusher 201 disappears, the stored force of the drive member 203 is released, and the component of the first support force in the length direction of the nozzle 103 causes the pusher 201 to move closer to the nozzle 103, thereby pushing the molten metal in the accommodating cavity 202 toward the nozzle 103 and the cavity.

[0033] In other embodiments not shown, the lower surface of the upper punch 104 and the upper surface of the lower punch 105 are both parallel to the horizontal plane, and both surfaces are connected to the upper and lower ends of the pusher 201 by a sliding fit between protrusions and recesses; two limiting members 204 are symmetrically arranged vertically and spaced apart from the nozzle 103, with the two limiting members located on the lower surface of the upper punch 104 and the upper surface of the lower punch 105, respectively, so that the pusher 201 and the nozzle 103 are spaced apart to form a receiving cavity 202; on the upper Before the punch 104 moves downward to approach the lower punch 105, the third elastic force applied by the drive member 203 to the push member 201 is parallel to the length direction of the nozzle 103, so that the push member 201 tends to approach the nozzle 103; the limiting member 204 applies a second supporting force opposite to the third elastic force to the push member 201, and the third elastic force and the second supporting force are balanced so that the push member 201 stays in a specific position in the first chamber, and the push member 201 and the nozzle 103 are spaced apart to form a receiving cavity 202. After the molten metal is placed in the receiving cavity 202, the upper punch 104 moves downward to approach the lower punch 105. The molten metal in the receiving cavity 202 is squeezed and exerts a force on the pusher 201, causing the drive member 203 to be compressed and stored. During this process, the second elastic force increases due to the shortening of the length of the drive member 203, the second support force disappears and is supplemented by the force exerted by the molten metal on the pusher 201, until the second elastic force increases to be equal to the force exerted by the molten metal on the pusher 201. The pusher 201 is once again balanced by force and stops moving away from the nozzle 103. When the receiving cavity 202 is connected to the nozzle 103, the force exerted by the molten metal on the pusher 201 disappears, the stored force of the drive member 203 is released, and the third elastic force causes the pusher 201 to approach the nozzle 103, thereby pushing the molten metal in the receiving cavity 202 towards the nozzle 103 and the cavity.

[0034] Further, see Figure 5 The pusher 201 includes two slide plates 205 arranged opposite each other. The two slide plates 205 can move closer to each other and further away from each other to change the size of the pusher 201 in the vertical direction. The side surface of the upper slide plate 205 near the nozzle 103 is inclined from top to bottom and from further away to closer to the nozzle 103, and the side surface of the lower slide plate 205 near the nozzle 103 is inclined from bottom to top and from further away to closer to the nozzle 103.

[0035] In existing vertical cold chamber die-casting machines, after die casting, residual material adheres to the lower punch 105 during unloading. This requires manual operation to detach the residual material from the lower punch 105, which is complex and difficult, affecting die casting efficiency. In this invention, after die casting, the upper punch 104 and lower punch 105 move upwards synchronously to cut off the casting and residual material. At this time, the residual material still adheres to the two sliding plates 205. Because the side surface of the sliding plates 205 near the nozzle 103 is inclined, the adhered residual material also has the same inclined surface. Then, the upper punch 104 and lower punch 105 continue to move upward synchronously until the upper surface of the lower punch 105 is completely detached from the pressure chamber 102. The drive component 203 continues to release, causing the two slide plates 205 to move away from each other. Under the inclined sliding engagement between the slide plates 205 and the residual material, the residual material detaches from the two slide plates 205. While the two slide plates 205 move away from each other, they continue to move closer to the nozzle 103 to push the residual material out of the receiving cavity 202. This process is as follows: Figure 13 and Figure 15 As shown, this allows for the automatic removal of waste material from the slide plate 205 without manual operation, thus improving die-casting efficiency.

[0036] Understandably, after the upper punch 104 and lower punch 105 move upward synchronously to cut off the casting and excess material, since the first chamber is still compressed in the vertical direction and the drive member 203 is still compressed, when the upper surface of the lower punch 105 is completely detached from the pressure chamber 102, the drive member 203 can continue to release its stored first elastic force to make the slide plates 205 move away from each other until the first elastic force disappears. Afterwards, the upper punch 104 and lower punch 105 need to move away from each other so that the dimensions of the first chamber in the vertical direction return to their original state. Under the action of the limiting member 204, the two slide plates 205 move away from the nozzle 103 along the length direction of the nozzle 103 to reset the position of the two slide plates 205 within the first chamber.

[0037] Furthermore, the ends of the two sliding plates 205 that are far apart from each other abut against the lower surface of the upper punch 104 and the upper surface of the lower punch 105, respectively, and the ends of the two sliding plates 205 that are far apart from each other are in surface contact with the lower surface of the upper punch 104 and the upper surface of the lower punch 105, respectively.

[0038] The ends of the two sliding plates 205 that are far apart from each other are both inclined surfaces, and these inclined surfaces abut against and slide against the lower surface of the upper punch 104 and the upper surface of the lower punch 105, respectively. This increases the contact area between the ends of the two sliding plates 205 that are far apart from each other and the lower surface of the upper punch 104 or the upper surface of the lower punch 105, improves sliding stability, and ensures the sealing between the sliding plates 205 and the lower surface of the upper punch 104 or the upper surface of the lower punch 105.

[0039] Furthermore, the pusher 201 also includes a first substrate 206, both slide plates 205 are slidably connected to the first substrate 206, the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 are jointly provided with a second substrate 207, one end of the limiting member 204 is connected to the first substrate 206, and the other end is connected to the second substrate 207.

[0040] Furthermore, the second substrate 207 can slide simultaneously relative to the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105, and a third elastic member is provided between the second substrate 207 and the upper punch 104 and between the second substrate 207 and the lower punch 105. The third elastic member is used to center the second substrate 207 between the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105.

[0041] Furthermore, the slide plate 205 is provided with a guide rod 208, which is slidably connected to the first substrate 206; the side surface of the slide plate 205 away from the nozzle 103 contacts the side surface of the first substrate 206 near the nozzle 103 and can slide relative to each other.

[0042] The slide plate 205 slides in contact with the surface of the first substrate 206 to ensure the sealing between the slide plate 205 and the first substrate 206.

[0043] Embodiment 1 of the present invention also provides a die-casting process for lightweight aluminum alloy components, comprising the following steps: S01, the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 move upward synchronously until the upper surface of the lower punch 105 passes the nozzle 103, so that the accommodating cavity 202 is separated from the nozzle 103, and molten metal is poured into the accommodating cavity 202. S02, the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 move downwards synchronously until the lower surface of the upper punch 104 is completely inside the pressure chamber 102; S03, the upper punch 104 moves downward to approach the lower punch 105, the molten metal in the accommodating cavity 202 is squeezed and exerts a force on the two sliding plates 205, so that the driving member 203 is compressed and stores power. S04, the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 continue to move downward synchronously until the accommodating cavity 202 is connected to the nozzle 103. The power-accumulated drive component 203 is released, causing the two slide plates 205 to approach the nozzle 103, so as to push the molten metal in the accommodating cavity 202 to the nozzle 103 and the cavity until the molten metal fills the cavity. S05, hold pressure for the first preset time, die-cast to form a casting in the cavity and the remaining material in the receiving cavity 202; S06, the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 move upwards simultaneously to cut off the casting and the remaining material; S07, the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 continue to move upward synchronously until the upper surface of the lower punch 105 is completely separated from the pressure chamber 102. The drive unit 203 continues to release, causing the two slide plates 205 to continue to approach the nozzle 103 and move away from each other, so as to push the remaining material out of the receiving cavity 202. S08, the lower punch 105 moves downward away from the upper punch 104, and the limiting member 204 causes the two slide plates 205 to move away from the nozzle 103 along the length direction of the nozzle 103, so as to reset the position of the two slide plates 205 in the first chamber. S09, the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 move downwards synchronously to reset their positions in the pressure chamber 102; S10, after the casting has cooled and solidified for the second preset time, open mold 101 to remove the casting.

[0044] The working principle of Embodiment 1 of the present invention is as follows: The upper punch 104 is driven to move up and down relative to the pressure chamber 102 by the second telescopic cylinder 110, and the lower punch 105 is driven to move up and down relative to the pressure chamber 102 by the third telescopic cylinder 111. The moving mold 107 is driven to approach the fixed mold 106 by the first telescopic cylinder 108 to close the mold and form the cavity; the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 move upward synchronously until the upper surface of the lower punch 105 passes the nozzle 103, as shown. Figure 4 As shown, the receiving cavity 202 is separated from the nozzle 103. At this time, the pusher 201 is under balanced force and stops at a specific position in the first cavity. The pusher 201 and the nozzle 103 are spaced apart to form the receiving cavity 202. Then, molten metal is poured into the receiving cavity 202. The upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 move downward synchronously until the lower surface of the upper punch 104 is completely inside the pressure chamber 102. Figure 9 As shown; the upper punch 104 moves downward to approach the lower punch 105, so as to compress the first chamber and the receiving cavity 202 in the vertical direction, as... Figure 11 As shown, the molten metal in the accommodating cavity 202 is squeezed in the vertical direction and exerts a force on the pushing member 201. Since the overall volume of the molten metal in the accommodating cavity 202 remains unchanged, the pushing member 201 can only move away from the nozzle 103, so that the accommodating cavity 202 expands in the horizontal direction, while the driving member 203 is compressed and stores force until the pushing member 201 is once again balanced by force and stops moving away from the nozzle 103.

[0045] The upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 continue to move downward synchronously until the receiving cavity 202 is connected to the nozzle 103, as shown. Figure 13As shown, since the nozzle 103 and the cavity are hollow, the force exerted by the molten metal on the pusher 201 disappears, and the stored force of the drive 203 is released, causing the two slide plates 205 to approach the nozzle 103, so as to push the molten metal in the accommodating cavity 202 towards the nozzle 103 and the cavity until the molten metal fills the cavity; the injection direction of the molten metal coincides with the length direction of the nozzle 103 to reduce the injection force loss, and to a certain extent ensure the filling flow rate and filling pressure of the molten metal, so that the molten metal can completely fill the cavity in a short time, especially thin-walled or complex structural parts, thereby ensuring the density and forming quality of the casting.

[0046] After a first preset pressure holding time, die casting is performed, resulting in a casting in the mold cavity and excess material in the receiving cavity 202. The upper punch 104 and lower punch 105 move upwards synchronously, cutting off the casting and excess material. At this point, the excess material still adheres to the two sliding plates 205. Because the side surfaces of the sliding plates 205 near the nozzle 103 are inclined, the adhered excess material also has the same inclined surface. Then, the upper punch 104 and lower punch 105 continue to move upwards synchronously until the upper surface of the lower punch 105 is completely detached from the pressure chamber 102. The drive unit 203 continues to release, causing the two sliding plates 205 to move away from each other. Under the inclined sliding cooperation between the sliding plates 205 and the excess material, the excess material detaches from the two sliding plates 205, and while the two sliding plates 205 move away from each other, they continue to move closer to the nozzle 103. This process is as follows: Figure 13 and Figure 15 As shown, the excess material is pushed out from the receiving cavity 202, thereby automatically removing the waste material on the slide plate 205 without manual operation, thus improving the die-casting efficiency.

[0047] The lower punch 105 moves downward away from the upper punch 104, and the limiting member 204 causes the two slide plates 205 to move away from the nozzle 103 along the length direction of the nozzle 103, thereby resetting the position of the two slide plates 205 in the first chamber; the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 move downward synchronously, thereby resetting the position of the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 in the pressure chamber 102, as follows. Figure 4 As shown, after the casting cools and solidifies for a second preset time, the moving mold 107 is driven away from the fixed mold 106 by the first telescopic cylinder 108 to open the mold and remove the casting.

[0048] Example 2 like Figure 16 and Figure 17As shown, Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a die-casting device for lightweight aluminum alloy components. The difference between this device and Embodiment 1 is that: the lower surface of the upper punch 104 is inclined from top to bottom and from away from to near the nozzle 103, and the upper surface of the lower punch 105 is inclined from top to bottom and from near to away from the nozzle 103; one end of the driving member 203 is connected to both the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105, and the other end is connected to the pushing member 201. The driving member 203 is used to make the pushing member 201 tend to move closer to the nozzle 103 along the length direction of the nozzle 103; the limiting member 204 is a compression spring and is disposed between the upper and lower ends of the pushing member 201. The limiting member 204 is used to make the upper and lower ends of the pushing member 201 tend to move away from each other.

[0049] It is understood that the driving component 203 in Embodiment 2 is actually the limiting component 204 in Embodiment 1, and the limiting component 204 in Embodiment 2 is actually the driving component 203 in Embodiment 1. Therefore, in Embodiment 2, the relative connection relationship between the driving component 203 and the limiting component 204 is also different from that in Embodiment 1.

[0050] Before the upper punch 104 moves downward to approach the lower punch 105, the driving member 203 is a compression spring and applies a fourth elastic force to the pushing member 201 parallel to the length direction of the nozzle 103, so that the pushing member 201 tends to approach the nozzle 103; the limiting member 204 is a compression spring to apply a fifth elastic force to the pushing member 201. The fifth elastic force causes the lower surface of the upper punch 104 and the upper surface of the lower punch 105 to apply a third supporting force to the pushing member 201. The component of the third supporting force in the length direction of the nozzle 103 causes the pushing member 201 to tend to move away from the nozzle 103. The component of the third supporting force in the length direction of the nozzle 103 is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the fourth elastic force. Therefore, the pushing member 201 is in force balance and the pushing member 201 stays at a specific position in the first chamber. The pushing member 201 and the nozzle 103 are spaced apart to form a receiving cavity 202.

[0051] After the molten metal is placed in the accommodating cavity 202, the upper punch 104 moves downward to approach the lower punch 105. The molten metal in the accommodating cavity 202 is squeezed and exerts a force on the pusher 201, so that the drive member 203 is compressed and stores power. During this process, the fourth elastic force increases due to the shortening of the length of the drive member 203, and the fifth elastic force increases due to the compression of the limiting member 204. This increases the component of the third supporting force in the length direction of the nozzle 103, but this component is still small. It is supplemented by the force exerted by the molten metal on the pusher 201 until the fourth elastic force increases to the sum of the component of the third supporting force in the length direction of the nozzle 103 and the force exerted by the molten metal on the pusher 201. The pusher 201 is once again in equilibrium and stops moving away from the nozzle 103.

[0052] When the accommodating cavity 202 is connected to the nozzle 103, the force exerted by the molten metal on the pusher 201 disappears, the stored force of the drive member 203 is released, and the components of the fourth elastic force and the third support force in the length direction of the nozzle 103 together make the pusher 201 approach the nozzle 103, thereby pushing the molten metal in the accommodating cavity 202 toward the nozzle 103 and the cavity.

[0053] It is worth noting that in this embodiment, after die casting, the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 move upward synchronously to cut off the casting and the remaining material. At this time, the remaining material still adheres to the two sliding plates 205. Then, the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 are controlled to continue moving upward synchronously until the upper surface of the lower punch 105 is completely detached from the pressure chamber 102. If the fourth elastic force of the drive component 203 can continue to be released at this time, the two slide plates 205 will continue to approach the nozzle 103 while approaching each other. However, since the left side of the first chamber between the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 is smaller than the right side, the remaining material is restricted and cannot move to the left and detach from the two slide plates 205. Therefore, the fourth elastic force of the drive component 203 cannot continue to be released at this time, and the remaining material cannot be automatically pushed out from the receiving cavity 202. Manual operation is still required. Specifically, the lower punch 105 and the upper punch 104 are controlled to move away from each other. The limiting component 204 makes the two slide plates 205 and the remaining material move away from the nozzle 103 along the length direction of the nozzle 103 at the same time. At the same time, the two slide plates 205 move away from each other and move relative to the remaining material, so that the remaining material automatically detaches from the slide plates 205 until the left side of the first chamber between the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 increases to be larger than the size of the remaining material. At this time, the remaining material can be manually removed from the receiving cavity 202.

[0054] Embodiment 2 of the present invention also provides a die-casting process for lightweight aluminum alloy components, which differs from Embodiment 1 in steps S07 and S08, specifically: S07, the upper punch 104 and the lower punch 105 continue to move upward synchronously until the upper surface of the lower punch 105 is completely separated from the pressure chamber 102; S08, the lower punch 105 moves downward away from the upper punch 104, the limiting member 204 causes the two slide plates 205 to move away from the nozzle 103 along the length direction of the nozzle 103 and the two slide plates 205 to move away from each other, the excess material automatically detaches from the slide plates 205, and the excess material is manually removed from the receiving cavity 202, and at the same time the position of the two slide plates 205 in the first cavity is reset.

[0055] The difference between the working principle of Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 is as follows: The upper punch 104 and lower punch 105 move upwards synchronously to cut off the casting and excess material. At this time, the excess material still adheres to the two sliding plates 205. Then, the upper punch 104 and lower punch 105 are controlled to continue moving upwards synchronously until the upper surface of the lower punch 105 is completely detached from the pressure chamber 102. Then, the lower punch 105 is controlled to move downwards away from the upper punch 104. The limiting member 204 causes the two sliding plates 205 to move away from the nozzle 103 along the length direction of the nozzle 103 and the two sliding plates 205 to move away from each other. The excess material automatically detaches from the sliding plates 205 until the left side of the first chamber between the upper punch 104 and lower punch 105 increases to be larger than the size of the excess material. The excess material can then be manually removed from the receiving chamber 202, and the positions of the two sliding plates 205 in the first chamber are reset at the same time.

[0056] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0057] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A die-casting equipment for lightweight aluminum alloy components, characterized in that, The device includes a frame and a mold and a pressure chamber mounted on the frame. The mold has a cavity, and a nozzle that connects the cavity and the pressure chamber and is horizontal in the longitudinal direction is provided. An upper punch and a lower punch are respectively provided on the upper and lower sides of the pressure chamber, and both the upper and lower punches can move up and down relative to the pressure chamber. The pressure chamber located between the upper and lower punches is called the first chamber. The upper and lower punches are jointly provided with a plate-shaped pusher. The plane of the pusher is perpendicular to the length direction of the nozzle. The pusher divides the first chamber. The first chamber on the side of the pusher closer to the nozzle is called the receiving chamber, which is used to receive molten metal. The pusher is equipped with a driving member, which is used to move the pusher along the length direction of the nozzle to approach or move away from the nozzle. When the receiving chamber is connected to the nozzle, the driving member moves the pusher closer to the nozzle to push the molten metal in the receiving chamber towards the nozzle and the cavity. The upper and lower ends of the pusher can move closer and further apart to change the vertical dimension of the pusher. The upper end of the pusher is slidably connected to the lower surface of the upper punch, and the lower end of the pusher is slidably connected to the upper surface of the lower punch. The drive component is a compression spring. After the accommodating cavity is filled with molten metal, the upper punch moves downward to approach the lower punch. The molten metal in the accommodating cavity is squeezed and exerts a force on the pusher, so that the drive component is compressed and stores power. When the accommodating cavity is connected to the nozzle, the stored power of the drive component is released, causing the pusher to approach the nozzle. The pusher is equipped with a limiting component, which is used to keep the pusher and the nozzle spaced apart to form the accommodating cavity.

2. The die-casting equipment for lightweight aluminum alloy components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower surface of the upper punch is inclined from top to bottom and from near to far from the nozzle, while the upper surface of the lower punch is inclined from top to bottom and from far to near the nozzle. The driving member is located between the upper and lower ends of the pushing member, and the driving member is used to make the upper and lower ends of the pushing member tend to move away from each other. The limiting member is a tension spring, and one end of the limiting member is connected to both the upper and lower punches, while the other end is connected to the pushing member. The limiting member is used to make the pushing member tend to move away from the nozzle along the length direction of the nozzle.

3. The die-casting equipment for lightweight aluminum alloy components according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pusher includes two slides arranged opposite each other, which can move closer and further away from each other to change the size of the pusher in the vertical direction; the side surface of the upper slide near the nozzle is inclined from top to bottom and from away from the nozzle to close to the nozzle, and the side surface of the lower slide near the nozzle is inclined from bottom to top and from away from the nozzle to close to the nozzle.

4. The die-casting equipment for lightweight aluminum alloy components according to claim 3, characterized in that, The two sliding plates, with their ends far apart, abut against the lower surface of the upper punch and the upper surface of the lower punch, respectively, and the ends of the two sliding plates, with their ends far apart, are in contact with the lower surface of the upper punch and the upper surface of the lower punch, respectively.

5. The die-casting equipment for lightweight aluminum alloy components according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pusher also includes a first base plate, both slide plates are slidably connected to the first base plate, the upper punch and the lower punch are jointly provided with a second base plate, one end of the limiting member is connected to the first base plate, and the other end is connected to the second base plate.

6. The die-casting equipment for lightweight aluminum alloy components according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second substrate can slide simultaneously relative to the upper punch and the lower punch, and a third elastic member is provided between the second substrate and the upper punch, and between the second substrate and the lower punch. The third elastic member is used to center the second substrate between the upper punch and the lower punch.

7. The die-casting equipment for lightweight aluminum alloy components according to claim 5, characterized in that, The slide plate is equipped with a guide rod, which is slidably connected to the first substrate; the side surface of the slide plate away from the nozzle contacts the side surface of the first substrate near the nozzle and can slide relative to each other.

8. The die-casting equipment for lightweight aluminum alloy components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower surface of the upper punch is inclined from top to bottom and from away from to near the nozzle, while the upper surface of the lower punch is inclined from top to bottom and from near to away from the nozzle. One end of the drive member is connected to both the upper and lower punches, and the other end is connected to the push member. The drive member is used to make the push member tend to move closer to the nozzle along the length direction of the nozzle. The limiting member is a compression spring and is located between the upper and lower ends of the push member. The limiting member is used to make the upper and lower ends of the push member tend to move away from each other.

9. A die-casting process for lightweight aluminum alloy components, applied to the die-casting equipment for lightweight aluminum alloy components according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S01. The upper punch and the lower punch move upward synchronously until the upper surface of the lower punch passes the nozzle, separating the receiving cavity from the nozzle, and pouring molten metal into the receiving cavity. S02. The upper punch and the lower punch move downwards synchronously until the lower surface of the upper punch is completely inside the pressure chamber. S03, the upper punch moves downward to approach the lower punch, the molten metal in the accommodating cavity is squeezed and exerts a force on the two slide plates, so that the driving component is compressed and stores power. S04. The upper punch and lower punch continue to move downward synchronously until the receiving cavity is connected to the nozzle. The stored driving force is released, causing the two slide plates to approach the nozzle, so as to push the molten metal in the receiving cavity to the nozzle and the cavity until the molten metal fills the cavity. S05, hold pressure for the first preset time, die-cast to form a casting in the cavity and the remaining material in the receiving cavity; S06. The upper and lower punches move upwards synchronously to cut off the casting and scrap. S07. The upper punch and lower punch continue to move upward synchronously until the upper surface of the lower punch is completely detached from the pressure chamber. The drive unit continues to release, causing the two slide plates to continue to approach the nozzle and move away from each other, so as to push the remaining material out of the receiving cavity. S08. The lower punch moves downward away from the upper punch, and the limiting member moves the two slide plates away from the nozzle along the length of the nozzle to reset the position of the two slide plates in the first chamber. S09. The upper punch and the lower punch move downwards synchronously to reset their positions in the pressure chamber. S10, after the casting has cooled and solidified for the second preset time, open the mold to remove the casting.

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