A wire-powder co-feed laser additive hybrid welding torch and method of use

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of laser additive manufacturing technology, specifically disclosing a laser additive composite welding torch and its usage method under extreme environments with co-feeding of wire and powder. The torch includes a first cylinder, a second cylinder, a wire feed tube, a heating coil, and a control system. The first cylinder contains a laser path, a powder feeding channel, and a water-cooling channel. The second cylinder forms an isolation structure for extreme environments. The wire feed tube provides off-axis wire feeding, the heating coil performs induction preheating, and the control system, in conjunction with temperature acquisition and powder utilization monitoring, achieves closed-loop control. During use, a dry environment under extreme conditions is first established, followed by simultaneous wire feeding, powder feeding, induction heating, and laser additive forming. This invention can create a stable drying processing zone under extreme conditions, achieving co-feeding of wire and powder and coordinated energy matching, improving the stability of the molten pool and the forming quality. It is suitable for in-situ additive manufacturing and repair operations under extreme environments such as marine engineering and nuclear power equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laser additive manufacturing technology, and specifically relates to a laser additive composite welding torch and its application method under extreme conditions of wire and powder co-feeding. Background Technology

[0002] In extreme service structures such as marine engineering, nuclear power equipment, and deep-sea pipelines, critical metal components are subjected to high pressure, low temperature, and strong corrosion environments for extended periods, making them prone to wear, cracks, and localized failures, seriously threatening structural safety and service reliability. Traditional repair methods typically rely on component transportation or environmental conversion, which is not only costly and time-consuming but also difficult to implement in deep-sea, open-sea, and space-constrained conditions.

[0003] Laser additive repair technology uses lasers as a high-energy-density heat source, offering advantages such as concentrated heat input, high forming precision, and strong controllability, showing promising application prospects in in-situ repair under extreme environments. While co-feeding filament and powder laser additive repair technology can balance material utilization and performance control, significant differences in the melting characteristics of filament and powder can lead to insufficient energy matching, unstable melt pools, and fluctuations in forming quality under extreme environmental conditions. Currently, effective technical means for coordinated energy control during co-feeding filament and powder laser additive repair under extreme environments remain relatively scarce.

[0004] In recent years, induction heating-assisted laser additive manufacturing technology has been proposed to improve the melting behavior of materials. However, how to achieve the synergistic effect of induction heating filament and laser energy in extreme environments and maintain a stable and controllable molten pool morphology remains a key technical problem that needs to be solved.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a laser additive welding torch and method that combines wire powder feeding and induction heating wire for extreme environments. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a laser additive composite welding torch and its application method under extreme conditions of wire and powder co-feeding.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is: a laser additive composite welding torch for extreme environments with wire and powder co-feeding, comprising a first cylinder, a second cylinder, a wire feed tube, a heating coil, and a control system.

[0008] The first cylinder is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends. One end is connected to an external laser emitting device, and the internal channels of the cylindrical structure form a laser path. A first channel is provided on the side wall of the first cylinder. The inlet end of the first channel is connected to an external protective gas source device, and the outlet end is connected to the laser path, which is used to deliver protective gas to the laser action area. A powder feeding channel is also provided on the side wall of the first cylinder. The inlet end of the powder feeding channel is connected to an external powder feeder, and the outlet end is located at the opening at the other end of the first cylinder, so as to realize the directional conveying of powder.

[0009] The second cylinder is a cylindrical structure that is closed at one end and open at the other. The closed end of the second cylinder is fitted onto the side wall of the first cylinder, and the open end of the second cylinder surrounds the opening at the other end of the first cylinder and forms an isolation structure. A second channel is provided on the side wall of the second cylinder. The inlet end of the second channel is connected to an external air compressor or high-pressure air pump, and the outlet end is connected to the internal channel of the second cylinder. This is used to form a local air curtain drying zone in extreme environments to prevent water from entering the processing area.

[0010] The wire feeding tube is fixed to the second cylinder by a positioning bracket. One end of the wire feeding tube extends through the side wall of the second cylinder to the opening at the other end of the first cylinder. Wire is placed inside the wire feeding tube to achieve stable off-axis feeding of the wire.

[0011] Heating coils are placed on the outside of the wire feeding tube or directly below the powder feeding channel to induction preheat the wire inside the wire feeding tube, or to regionally heat the outer periphery of the deposition layer directly below the powder feeding channel, thereby reducing the laser energy required for wire powder melting and stabilizing the molten pool morphology.

[0012] The control system includes a first acquisition module and a control module. The first acquisition module is used to acquire temperature data around the heating coil. The control module is electrically connected to the first acquisition module to receive the temperature data and is also electrically connected to the heating coil to adjust the heating power of the heating coil according to the temperature data, thereby realizing closed-loop temperature control.

[0013] Furthermore, the end of the first cylinder is connected to an external laser emitting device via a flange, and a transparent glass is provided at the opening of the flange to achieve laser transmission and cavity sealing and waterproofing.

[0014] Furthermore, the end of the first cylinder furthest from the external laser emitting device has a variable diameter structure, with the cylinder diameter gradually decreasing near the opening to optimize the protection of airflow and powder aggregation.

[0015] Furthermore, there are multiple powder feeding channels, which are evenly distributed circumferentially along the axis of the first cylinder. The extension lines of the axis of the outlet end of each powder feeding channel intersect at the laser focal point, thereby improving the powder gathering accuracy and utilization rate.

[0016] Furthermore, a water-cooling channel is also provided on the first cylinder body. The water-cooling channel is arranged inside the side wall of the first cylinder body, and its inlet and outlet are connected to the external circulating water cooling system to form a closed water-cooling circuit, so as to avoid high temperature damage to optical components and structural parts.

[0017] Furthermore, the positioning bracket includes a base and an adjusting block. The base is fixed on the outer wall of the second cylinder. The adjusting block has a U-shaped structure with a clamping groove. Its closed end is fixed to the base, and its open end is provided with a fastener. One end of the wire feeding tube is slidably disposed in the clamping groove. The fastener is used to adjust the width of the clamping groove to clamp the wire feeding tube, which can realize flexible adjustment of the wire feeding angle and the extension length.

[0018] Furthermore, a gasket is provided on the inner wall of the clamping groove to increase the clamping friction and protect the wire feed tube from being damaged.

[0019] Furthermore, the control system also includes a second acquisition module, which is electrically connected to the control module. The second acquisition module is used to acquire image data at the deposition layer. The control module is also used to receive the image data and calculate the powder utilization rate. The control module is also electrically connected to an external powder feeder, which is used to adjust the powder feeding speed of the external powder feeder according to the powder utilization rate.

[0020] A method for using a laser additive composite welding torch under extreme conditions with co-feeding wire and powder, the method comprising the following steps: Before use, connect the first cylinder to the external laser emitting device, connect the powder feeding channel to the external powder feeder, connect the first channel to the external protective air source device, and connect the second channel to the external air compressor.

[0021] During use, the welding torch is positioned above the area to be welded and continuously lowered until a sealed area is formed above it. During this process, an external protective gas source is used to introduce protective gas into the laser path through the first channel, and an external air compressor is used to introduce gas into the internal channel of the second cylinder through the second channel. Water inside the first and second cylinders enters with the gas and exits from below. Then, the external protective gas source is connected to the first channel and protective gas is introduced into the laser path. An external powder feeder is used to feed powder through the powder feeding channel, a wire feeder is used to feed wire, and an external laser emitter is used to input laser light through the laser path to achieve wire-powder eutectic. During this process, when the temperature exceeds the temperature threshold, the heating power of the heating coil is reduced; when the temperature is below the temperature threshold, the heating power of the heating coil is increased.

[0022] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention can effectively solve technical problems such as water interference, easy disturbance of the molten pool, poor wire-powder energy matching, and unstable forming quality in laser additive manufacturing under extreme environments. The first cylinder integrates a laser path, a first channel, and a powder feeding channel. The laser path ensures stable laser transmission to the processing area, the first channel introduces protective gas to prevent molten pool oxidation and water pollution, and the powder feeding channel realizes directional powder delivery, providing a stable material supply for wire-powder co-delivery. The second cylinder forms an isolation structure, which, together with the second channel, introduces high-pressure gas to quickly discharge water from the processing area, creating a stable local dry environment and structurally overcoming the core environmental obstacle of operation in extreme environments. The wire feeding pipe with a side axis realizes stable wire feeding, which is synchronously fed into the molten pool with the powder, taking into account both wire forming efficiency and powder composition control capability. The heating coil can inductively preheat the wire or deposition layer, reducing the laser energy required for wire-powder melting, alleviating the energy mismatch problem caused by differences in wire-powder melting characteristics, and stabilizing the molten pool morphology. Equipped with a temperature acquisition and closed-loop control system, the heating power is adjusted in real time to avoid overheating or insufficient preheating, reduce forming defects in extreme environments, improve the stability of the molten pool and the forming quality, and make the welding torch suitable for in-situ additive manufacturing and repair operations in extreme environments such as marine engineering and nuclear power equipment, greatly improving the applicability and reliability of laser additive manufacturing in extreme environments. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning bracket of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0024] Among them, 1-first cylinder, 10-laser path, 11-first channel, 12-powder feeding channel, 13-flange, 130-transparent glass, 14-water cooling channel, 2-second cylinder, 21-second channel, 3-wire feeding pipe, 30-positioning bracket, 31-base, 32-adjusting block, 320-clamping groove, 321-fastener, 322-gasket, 4-heating coil, 51-first acquisition module, 52-second acquisition module. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 5The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0026] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0027] It should be noted that the circuit connections involved in this invention all adopt conventional circuit connection methods and do not involve any innovation.

[0028] Example 1 like Figure 1 , Figure 2 The laser additive composite welding torch shown is designed for extreme environments with wire and powder co-feeding, and includes a first cylinder 1, a second cylinder 2, a wire feed tube 3, a heating coil 4, and a control system.

[0029] The first cylinder 1 is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends. One end of the cylinder is connected to an external laser emitting device, and the internal channel of the cylindrical structure forms a laser path 10. A first channel 11 is provided on the side wall of the first cylinder 1. The inlet end of the first channel 11 is connected to an external protective gas source device, and the outlet end is connected to the laser path 10. A powder feeding channel 12 is also provided on the side wall of the first cylinder 1. The inlet end of the powder feeding channel 12 is connected to an external powder feeder, and the outlet end is located at the opening at the other end of the first cylinder 1.

[0030] The second cylinder 2 is a cylindrical structure that is closed at one end and open at the other end. The closed end of the second cylinder 2 is fitted onto the side wall of the first cylinder 1, and the open end of the second cylinder 2 surrounds the opening at the other end of the first cylinder 1 and forms an isolation structure. A second channel 21 is provided on the side wall of the second cylinder 2. The inlet end of the second channel 21 is connected to an external air compressor, and the outlet end is connected to the internal channel of the second cylinder 2.

[0031] The wire feeding tube 3 is fixed to the second cylinder 2 by the positioning bracket 30. One end of the wire feeding tube 3 extends through the side wall of the second cylinder 2 to the opening at the other end of the first cylinder 1. Wire is placed inside the wire feeding tube 3.

[0032] Heating coil 4 is arranged on the outside of wire feeding tube 3 to heat the outer periphery of wire feeding tube 3.

[0033] The control system includes a first acquisition module 51 and a control module. The first acquisition module 51 is used to acquire temperature data around the heating coil 4. The control module is electrically connected to the first acquisition module to receive the temperature data and is also electrically connected to the heating coil 4 to adjust the heating power of the heating coil 4 according to the temperature data.

[0034] It should be noted that the first channel 11 is connected to the external protective air source device, the powder feeding channel 12 is connected to the external powder feeder, and the second channel 21 is connected to the external air compressor through air guide pipes. The powder feeding channel 12 is connected to the external powder feeder through air guide pipes mainly because the powder is transported with the help of protective gas, that is, the powder feeder provides protective gas carrying powder to the powder feeding channel 12.

[0035] The second cylinder 2 introduces high-pressure gas through the second channel 21 and cooperates with the first cylinder 1 to introduce protective gas through the first channel 11. This allows for the rapid discharge of water from the processing area and prevents moisture intrusion. The introduction of protective gas through the first channel 11 prevents oxidation of the molten pool and water pollution. Structurally, this overcomes the core problems of water interference, laser scattering, and rapid cooling of the molten pool in extreme environments, ensuring the stability of the laser additive manufacturing process.

[0036] The first cylinder 1 has a laser path 10 inside to ensure stable laser transmission, and a powder feeding channel 12 is opened on the side wall to realize the directional delivery of powder. In conjunction with the wire feeding tube 3, the wire and powder are fed simultaneously, taking into account the wire forming efficiency and the flexibility of powder composition control, thereby improving material utilization and additive manufacturing efficiency.

[0037] Heating coil 4 is arranged on the outside of wire feeding tube 3, which can perform induction preheating on wire or deposited layer, reduce the laser energy required for wire powder melting, alleviate the energy mismatch problem caused by the difference in melting characteristics between wire and powder, stabilize the molten pool morphology, and reduce defects such as incomplete fusion and powder burn-off.

[0038] The first acquisition module 51 collects real-time temperature data around the heating coil 4. The control module automatically adjusts the power of the heating coil 4 according to the temperature to avoid insufficient preheating or overheating, maintain the thermal balance of the molten pool, improve the stability of additive forming and the quality of metallurgical bonding under extreme conditions, and reduce the probability of defects such as cracks and pores.

[0039] The wire feeding tube 3 is fixed to the second cylinder 2 by the positioning bracket 30. The feeding angle and extension length can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to the repair position and working conditions under different extreme environments, thereby improving the adaptability and positioning accuracy of the welding torch operation.

[0040] Preferably, the end of the first cylindrical body 1 is connected to an external laser emitting device via a flange 13, and a transparent glass 130 is provided at the opening of the flange 13. The connection between the end of the first cylindrical body 1 and the external laser emitting device via the flange 13, with the transparent glass 130 at the opening of the flange 13, enables the laser path 10 to be sealed and waterproof, ensuring efficient and stable laser transmission, protecting the internal optical path and optical components from water immersion, splashing, and high-temperature damage, while also achieving standardized connection to improve installation accuracy and structural reliability.

[0041] Preferably, the end of the first cylinder 1 furthest from the external laser emitting device has a variable diameter structure, with the cylinder diameter gradually decreasing near the opening. This variable diameter structure at the end of the first cylinder 1 furthest from the external laser emitting device, with the cylinder diameter gradually decreasing near the opening, optimizes the protective gas flow field distribution, improves powder aggregation accuracy and utilization, reduces the working size of the welding torch tip to enhance accessibility in confined spaces under extreme conditions, reduces water disturbance and improves the stability of the molten pool, and simultaneously improves the field of view in the processing area, facilitating stable monitoring of the molten pool and deposition state by the second acquisition module 52.

[0042] Preferably, there are multiple powder feeding channels 12, which are evenly distributed circumferentially along the axis of the first cylinder 1, and the extension lines of the outlet ends of each powder feeding channel 12 intersect. The even distribution of multiple powder feeding channels 12 along the circumferential axis of the first cylinder 1, and the intersection of the extension lines of the outlet ends of each powder feeding channel 12 at the laser focal region, enables the powder flow to form a uniform and symmetrical annular converging field. This ensures consistent powder heating, improves the matching degree between the powder and the laser action, reduces powder splashing and waste, significantly improves powder utilization, and simultaneously allows the wire and powder to stably eutecticly melt in the molten pool, improving forming uniformity and metallurgical quality.

[0043] Preferably, a water-cooling channel 14 is also provided on the first cylinder 1. The water-cooling channel 14 is arranged inside the side wall of the first cylinder 1, and its inlet and outlet are connected to the external circulating water cooling system to form a closed water-cooling loop. The water-cooling channel 14 on the first cylinder 1, which is arranged inside the side wall of the first cylinder 1 and forms a closed water-cooling loop with the external circulating water cooling system, can continuously remove the heat generated by the laser action and the processing, and prevent the first cylinder 1 and the internal laser path 10, powder feeding channel 12, first channel 11 and other structures from deforming or being damaged due to high temperature. It effectively protects the light-transmitting glass 130 and internal optical components, stabilizes the overall working performance of the welding torch, and ensures the reliability and safety of long-term continuous operation in extreme environments.

[0044] Preferred, such as Figure 3As shown, the positioning bracket 30 includes a base 31 and an adjusting block 32. The base 31 is fixed on the outer side wall of the second cylinder 2. The adjusting block 32 has a U-shaped structure and a clamping groove 320. Its closed end is fixed to the base 31, and its open end is provided with a fastener 321. One end of the wire feeding tube 3 is slidably disposed in the clamping groove 320. The fastener 321 is used to adjust the width of the clamping groove 320 to clamp the wire feeding tube 3. The positioning bracket 30 consists of a base 31 and a U-shaped adjusting block 32. The base 31 is fixed to the outer wall of the second cylinder 2. The adjusting block 32 has a clamping groove 320 and is equipped with a fastener 321. The wire feeding tube 3 can slide and adjust within the clamping groove 320 and be clamped and fixed by the fastener 321. This allows for flexible adjustment of the feeding angle, extension length, and position of the wire feeding tube 3, adapting to different laser focal points and molten pool position requirements. It ensures that the wire is accurately fed into the processing area, improves the stability of wire powder feeding and forming quality, and is also firmly and reliably clamped and conveniently adjusted, meeting the requirements for rapid debugging and stable operation under complex working conditions in extreme environments.

[0045] Preferably, a gasket 322 is also provided on the inner wall of the clamping groove 320. The gasket 322 on the inner wall of the clamping groove 320 can increase the contact friction between the gasket and the wire feeding tube 3, prevent the wire feeding tube 3 from slipping and shifting during feeding, and at the same time avoid the fastener 321 directly clamping and causing damage or deformation to the tube wall, ensuring a stable and smooth wire feeding path, and improving the reliability and consistency of wire feeding when operating in extreme environments.

[0046] Preferably, the control system further includes a second acquisition module 52, which is electrically connected to the control module. The second acquisition module 52 is used to acquire image data at the deposition layer. The control module is also used to receive the image data and calculate the powder utilization rate. The control module is also electrically connected to an external powder feeder, and is used to adjust the powder feeding speed of the external powder feeder according to the powder utilization rate. The second acquisition module 52 uses a commercially available image acquisition device. This enables online real-time monitoring and closed-loop control of the powder utilization rate, automatically optimizing powder feeding parameters to reduce splashing, improve material utilization and forming stability. Using mature commercially available components reduces development costs, improves system reliability, and enhances maintenance convenience.

[0047] A method for using a laser additive composite welding torch under extreme conditions with co-feeding of wire and powder, implemented using the composite welding torch proposed in this embodiment, includes the following steps: Before use, bolt the flange 13 at the end of the first cylinder 1 to the bottom adapter plate of the external laser emitting device, connect the first channel 11 to the external protective gas source device, connect the powder feeding channel 12 to the external powder feeder through the second air guide pipe, and connect the second channel 21 to the external air compressor through the third air guide pipe. It should be noted that the external laser emitting device is mounted on a six-axis linkage robotic arm. The welding path of the laser additive composite welding torch under extreme conditions of wire and powder co-feeding is planned by setting a welding program in the robotic arm's control system. The heat input during the welding process is controlled by adjusting the laser power and the robotic arm scanning speed through the external laser emitting device.

[0048] During use, the welding torch is positioned above the area to be welded and continuously lowered until a sealed area is formed above it. During this process, an external protective gas source is used to introduce protective gas into the laser path 10 through the first channel 11, and an external air compressor is used to introduce gas into the internal channel of the second cylinder 2 through the second channel 21. Water inside the first cylinder 1 and the second cylinder 2 enters with the gas and exits from below. An external powder feeder is used to feed powder through the powder feeding channel 12, wire is fed in through the wire feeding tube 3, and a laser is input through the laser path 10 using an external laser emitting device to achieve wire-powder eutectic. During this process, when the temperature exceeds the temperature threshold, the heating power of the heating coil 4 is reduced; when the temperature is below the temperature threshold, the heating power of the heating coil 4 is increased.

[0049] In addition, when the powder utilization rate is lower than the preset value, a command is sent to increase the carrier gas flow rate to improve the powder feeding speed; when the powder utilization rate is higher than the preset value, a command is sent to decrease the carrier gas flow rate to slow down the powder feeding speed.

[0050] Example 2 Unlike Example 1, preferred embodiment, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the heating coil 4 is arranged directly below the powder feeding channel 12 to heat the outer periphery of the deposition layer directly below the powder feeding channel 12.

[0051] Compared to Example 1, by resetting the relative positions of the heating coils 4, the heating area of ​​the heating coils 4 is changed from the wire to the workpiece to be repaired, and the heat treatment of the additive metal is achieved by using the heating coils 4.

[0052] The heating coil 4 preferably adopts a multi-turn spiral structure, with its coil axis coaxial with the laser path 10. The heating coil 4 is made of copper tubing, with one end connected to the induction heating machine via a waterproof cable. The waterproof cable is fixed to the second cylinder 2 to maintain the relative stability of the induction heating coil's position. In terms of coil spatial arrangement, the heating coil 4 is positioned above the area to be repaired and on the outer periphery of the deposited additive layer, and is arranged around the wire feeding path and the outlet of the powder feeding channel 12, maintaining a preset safe distance between the heating coil 4 and the outlet of the wire feeding pipe 3 and the outlet of the powder feeding channel 12. Through this structural layout, the alternating magnetic field generated by the heating coil 4 can uniformly cover the laser molten pool and the surrounding deposited metal area without interfering with the continuous feeding of the wire and the stable aggregation of the powder, thereby avoiding magnetic disturbance or thermal interference to the wire and powder conveying trajectory.

[0053] The specific models of the above electronic components are not specifically specified; any commercially available ordinary products can be selected, as long as they can meet the usage requirements of this invention.

[0054] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser additive composite welding torch for extreme environments with co-feeding wire and powder, characterized in that, include: The first cylinder is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends. One end of the cylinder is connected to an external laser emitting device, and the internal channels of the cylindrical structure form a laser path. A first channel is provided on the side wall of the first cylinder. The inlet end of the first channel is connected to an external protective gas source device, and the outlet end is connected to the laser path. A powder feeding channel is also provided on the side wall of the first cylinder. The inlet end of the powder feeding channel is connected to an external powder feeder, and the outlet end is located at the opening at the other end of the first cylinder. The second cylinder is a cylindrical structure that is closed at one end and open at the other end. The closed end of the second cylinder is fitted onto the side wall of the first cylinder, and the open end of the second cylinder surrounds the opening at the other end of the first cylinder and forms an isolation structure. A second channel is provided on the side wall of the second cylinder. The inlet end of the second channel is connected to an external air compressor, and the outlet end is connected to the internal channel of the second cylinder. The wire feeding tube is fixed to the second cylinder by a positioning bracket. One end of the wire feeding tube extends through the side wall of the second cylinder to the opening at the other end of the first cylinder. Wire is placed inside the wire feeding tube. Heating coils are placed on the outside of the wire feed pipe or directly below the powder feeding channel to heat the outer periphery of the deposited layer below the wire feed pipe or the powder feeding channel. The control system includes: a first acquisition module for acquiring temperature data around the heating coil; and a control module electrically connected to the first acquisition module for receiving the temperature data and electrically connected to the heating coil for adjusting the heating power of the heating coil according to the temperature data.

2. The laser additive composite welding torch for extreme environments with co-feeding wire and powder as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the first cylinder is connected to an external laser emitting device via a flange, and a transparent glass is provided at the opening of the flange.

3. The laser additive composite welding torch for extreme environments with co-feeding wire and powder as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the first cylinder away from the external laser emitting device has a variable diameter structure, with the cylinder diameter gradually decreasing near the opening.

4. The laser additive composite welding torch for extreme environments with co-feeding wire and powder as described in claim 3, characterized in that, There are multiple powder feeding channels, which are evenly distributed circumferentially along the axis of the first cylinder, and the extension lines of the axis of the outlet end of each powder feeding channel intersect.

5. The laser additive composite welding torch for extreme environments with co-feeding wire and powder as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first cylinder is also provided with a water-cooling channel, which is arranged inside the side wall of the first cylinder. Its inlet and outlet are connected to the external circulating water cooling system and form a closed water-cooling loop.

6. The laser additive composite welding torch for extreme environments with co-feeding wire and powder as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning bracket includes: The base is fixed to the outer wall of the second cylinder; The adjusting block has a U-shaped structure and a clamping groove. Its closed end is fixed to the base, and the open end is equipped with a fastener. One end of the wire feed tube is slidably disposed in the clamping groove. The fastener is used to adjust the width of the clamping groove to clamp the wire feed tube.

7. The laser additive composite welding torch for extreme environments with co-feeding wire and powder as described in claim 6, characterized in that, A gasket is also provided on the inner wall of the clamping groove.

8. The laser additive composite welding torch for extreme environments with co-feeding wire and powder as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control system further includes a second acquisition module, which is electrically connected to the control module. The second acquisition module is used to acquire image data at the deposition layer. The control module is also used to receive the image data and calculate the powder utilization rate. The control module is also electrically connected to an external powder feeder, which is used to adjust the powder feeding speed of the external powder feeder according to the powder utilization rate.

9. A method for using a laser additive composite welding torch under extreme conditions with wire and powder co-feeding, characterized in that, The process, performed using the composite welding torch described in any one of claims 1 to 8, includes the following steps: The welding torch cover is placed above the area to be welded and continuously moved down until a sealed area is formed above the area to be welded. During this process, the external protective gas source device is used to introduce protective gas into the laser path through the first channel, and the external air compressor is used to introduce gas into the internal channel of the second cylinder through the second channel. Water inside the first cylinder and the second cylinder enters with the gas and is discharged from below. The process involves feeding powder through an external powder feeder via a powder feeding channel, feeding wire through a wire feeding tube, and inputting laser light through a laser path using an external laser emitting device to achieve wire-powder co-fusion. During this process, when the temperature exceeds the temperature threshold, the heating power of the heating coil is reduced, and when the temperature is below the temperature threshold, the heating power of the heating coil is increased.

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