A control system of a charging pile

Abstract

The application provides a charging pile control system, and particularly relates to the technical field of electric vehicle charging facilities, which comprises: a power grid state detection unit configured to obtain state information of a power grid; an electronic lock driving unit configured to drive an electronic lock of a charging gun to switch between a locking state and an unlocking state; an emergency energy storage unit configured to supply power to a main controller and the electronic lock driving unit in an enabled state; the main controller is configured to identify an abnormal type of the power grid according to the state information during a charging process; when it is identified that the abnormal type is transient fluctuation, the emergency energy storage unit is enabled, a charging main loop between the power grid and the charging gun is turned off, a locking instruction is sent to the electronic lock driving unit to make the electronic lock maintain locking, until the power grid returns to normal, the charging main loop is turned on, and the enabled state of the emergency energy storage unit is exited. The application solves the problem of complicated user operation caused by frequent interruption of the charging process, and improves the use convenience and operation efficiency of the charging pile.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electric vehicle charging facility technology, and in particular to a control system for a charging pile. Background Technology

[0002] As a refueling facility for electric vehicles, the continuity and convenience of the charging process directly impact the user experience. During charging, the external power grid may experience power outages due to load fluctuations, line switching, or faults. To ensure charging safety, existing charging stations are typically equipped with power failure detection circuits to monitor the power supply status in real time.

[0003] In existing technologies, when the power failure detection circuit detects a power supply anomaly, the charging station immediately implements an emergency response strategy that disconnects the main charging circuit, unlocks the charging gun, and interrupts the charging process. Therefore, after a power outage, users must repeatedly perform the operations of plugging in the charging gun, scanning the code, and starting charging if they wish to continue charging. This cumbersome process reduces the efficiency of the charging station and lowers user satisfaction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address at least one drawback of the prior art, this application provides a control system for a charging pile, comprising: The power grid status detection unit is configured to acquire the status information of the power grid connected to the charging pile; The electronic lock drive unit is configured to drive the electronic lock of the charging gun of the charging pile to switch between locked and unlocked states according to the instructions of the main controller; An emergency energy storage unit is configured to supply power to at least the main controller and the electronic lock drive unit when in the activated state; The main controller is configured to identify the abnormal type of the power grid based on the status information during the charging process; when the abnormal type is identified as transient fluctuation, the emergency energy storage unit is activated, the main charging circuit between the power grid and the charging gun is shut down, a locking command is sent to the electronic lock drive unit to keep the electronic lock locked until the power grid returns to normal, the main charging circuit is activated, and the activation state of the emergency energy storage unit is deactivated.

[0005] Optionally, the status information includes at least power quality parameters and power outage indication signals; the power grid status detection unit includes: The power quality detection unit is configured to monitor the power quality parameters of the power grid connected to the charging pile in real time. A power supply anomaly detection unit is configured to generate a power outage indication signal when a power outage occurs in the power grid. Accordingly, identifying the anomaly type of the power grid based on the status information includes: When the power quality parameter is characterized as a voltage sag event or a voltage swell event, and the power failure indication signal is not triggered or the duration of the triggering of the power failure indication signal is less than a preset duration threshold, the abnormal type is identified as the transient fluctuation.

[0006] Optionally, identifying the anomaly type of the power grid based on the status information further includes: When the duration of the power failure indication signal is greater than or equal to the preset duration threshold, or when the power quality parameter is characterized as a voltage interruption event, the abnormality type is identified as a continuous power failure.

[0007] Optionally, the main controller is further configured to: When the abnormality type is identified as continuous power loss, the emergency energy storage unit is activated and the charging main circuit is shut down. Send an unlock command to the electronic lock drive unit to place the electronic lock in the unlocked state; Upload the billing data and fault information for this charging session to the cloud platform; Deactivate the emergency energy storage unit.

[0008] Optionally, the electronic lock drive unit is further configured to feed back the actual state of the electronic lock to the main controller; The main controller is further configured to receive the actual status feedback from the electronic lock drive unit after issuing the unlock command, and confirm whether the electronic lock has been successfully unlocked based on the actual status; after confirming successful unlocking, it controls the emergency energy storage unit to stop supplying power to the electronic lock drive unit.

[0009] Optionally, uploading the billing data and fault information for this charging session to the cloud platform includes: If the current actual capacity of the emergency energy storage unit is lower than the preset energy threshold, the billing data and the fault information are stored in the local memory and then uploaded to the cloud platform after the power grid is restored.

[0010] Optionally, the main controller is further configured to: when the charging pile is a second type of charging terminal, and the current actual capacity of the emergency energy storage unit is lower than the capacity alarm threshold of the second type of charging terminal, but still higher than the capacity alarm threshold of the first type of charging terminal, forcibly restrict the working mode of the charging pile to only allow charging guns with a number less than or equal to a preset number threshold to charge, and send a maintenance request to the cloud platform. Wherein, the number of charging guns supported by the first type of charging terminal is less than or equal to the preset number threshold; the number of charging guns supported by the second type of charging terminal is greater than the preset number threshold; and the capacity alarm threshold of the second type of charging terminal is higher than the capacity alarm threshold of the first type of charging terminal.

[0011] Optionally, the main controller is further configured to: Obtain the number of charge / discharge cycles, charging voltage, and discharging voltage of the emergency energy storage unit; Based on the number of charge-discharge cycles, the charging voltage, and the discharging voltage, the current actual capacity of the emergency energy storage unit is estimated using a lifetime prediction model.

[0012] Optionally, the electronic lock drive unit includes a full-bridge drive chip, the power output terminal of which is connected to the drive motor of the electronic lock; the full-bridge drive chip is configured to output a voltage of a first polarity to drive the electronic lock to lock, and output a voltage of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity to drive the electronic lock to unlock, according to the instructions of the main controller.

[0013] Optionally, the power supply anomaly detection unit includes: A voltage divider sampling network, connected to the power grid, is used to divide the voltage of the power grid to obtain a sampling voltage; A voltage monitoring chip, connected to the voltage divider sampling network, is configured to output the power-down indication signal when the sampled voltage is lower than a preset threshold.

[0014] Optionally, the emergency energy storage unit includes: Supercapacitor module; A charging management chip, wherein the input terminal of the charging management chip is connected to the power supply terminal of the power grid, and the output terminal of the charging management chip is connected to the supercapacitor module, and is configured to charge the supercapacitor module using the electrical energy provided by the power grid when the power grid is normal; A boost converter circuit is provided, the input terminal of which is connected to the supercapacitor module, and the output terminal of which is connected to the first power supply input terminal of the electronic lock drive unit and the second power supply input terminal of the main controller, respectively. The circuit is configured to boost the voltage output by the supercapacitor module to a preset operating voltage before outputting it when the emergency energy storage unit is in the enabled state.

[0015] Optionally, the emergency energy storage unit further includes a power supply switching circuit, which is configured as follows: When the power supply voltage of the power grid is higher than the voltage output by the supercapacitor module through the boost converter circuit, the power supply terminal of the power grid is connected to the first power supply input terminal and the second power supply input terminal respectively. When the power supply voltage of the power grid is lower than the voltage output by the supercapacitor module through the boost converter circuit, the power supply terminal of the power grid is shut off from the first power supply input terminal and the second power supply input terminal respectively.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, this application has the following beneficial effects: This application provides a control system for a charging pile. By adding a power grid status detection unit and an emergency energy storage unit, and configuring the main controller to have the ability to identify power grid anomaly types, transient fluctuations and persistent faults can be distinguished and processed. When the main controller determines that the current anomaly is only a transient fluctuation based on the power grid status information, it activates the emergency energy storage unit to take over the power supply of the control system. At the same time, it only shuts down the main charging circuit to ensure safety, but sends a locking command to the electronic lock drive unit to maintain the physical locking state of the charging gun. Because the electronic lock remains locked during power grid fluctuations, the connection of the charging gun is not released, and the charging session information between the charging pile and the vehicle can be effectively maintained by the control system. After the power grid returns to normal, the main controller directly controls the main charging circuit to be reconnected, realizing the automatic and seamless recovery of the charging process. Users are unaware of the process and do not need any repetitive operations. This effectively solves the problem of cumbersome user operations caused by frequent interruptions in the charging process, and significantly improves the convenience and operational efficiency of the charging pile.

[0017] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. The same reference numerals usually represent the same components. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is an overall block diagram of the control system for the first type of charging pile provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is an overall block diagram of the control system for the second type of charging pile provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of the control system for the charging pile provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is an overall block diagram of the control system for the third type of charging pile provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of the power grid state detection unit provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a system overall block diagram of an integrated power quality detection unit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a system overall block diagram of another integrated power quality detection unit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of the power supply anomaly detection unit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a basic circuit diagram of a conventional electronic lock drive provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the full-bridge driver chip provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 11 This is a circuit diagram of an emergency energy storage unit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a circuit diagram of another emergency energy storage unit provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] The term "an embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of this application. In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Moreover, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0022] In industrial or remote environments, frequent power grid fluctuations and short-term voltage drops can easily lead to abnormal power supply to the main control module, causing communication interruptions, data loss, and even device damage. Furthermore, they can cause relay-type electronic locks to malfunction, interrupting charging without the user's knowledge. Traditional relay-driven solutions suffer from contact adhesion and electrolytic capacitor aging leading to unlocking failure after long-term use, increasing the burden of after-sales maintenance. In addition, while existing solutions incorporate supercapacitors as backup power, they lack refined management of their health status. When high-temperature aging causes capacity decay, or repeated power grid fluctuations result in insufficient capacitor charging, in the event of a power outage, the remaining power may not be sufficient to simultaneously meet the needs of unlocking the electronic lock and data preservation, ultimately leading to the charging gun failing to unlock and fault information being lost.

[0023] In view of this, this application systematically reconstructs the system architecture and control strategy of the charging pile. Specifically, a power grid status detection unit 110 is introduced, which consists of a power quality detection unit 111 and a power supply anomaly detection unit 112. The power supply anomaly detection unit 112 detects the power grid status through a voltage divider sampling network and a voltage monitoring chip, and uses optocouplers as isolation devices to ensure the isolation of internal and external signals. When a power grid failure is detected, a reliable power failure indication signal can be generated. The power quality detection unit 111 can monitor the power quality parameters of the power grid in real time. The main controller 140 integrates these two types of status information to accurately identify the type of power grid anomaly. The control logic of the main controller 140 is as follows: when an anomaly is identified as a transient fluctuation such as a voltage dip or swell, the system activates the emergency energy storage unit 130, which consists of a supercapacitor module, a charging management chip, and a boost converter circuit, to provide a stable backup power supply for the main controller 140 and the electronic lock drive unit 120. This supercapacitor has at least 100,000 cycles, fully meeting the requirements of frequent charging and discharging operations. Simultaneously, the main controller 140 shuts down the main charging circuit to ensure safety, but sends a locking command to the electronic lock drive unit 120 based on the full-bridge drive chip to maintain the physical connection of the charging gun and the continuity of the charging session. This full-bridge drive chip uses MOSFETs internally, which, compared to relays, achieves faster switching speeds, eliminates mechanical wear, has a longer lifespan, and is smaller in size. Using this solution effectively reduces the space occupied by relays on the board, miniaturizing the main control module and reducing production costs. Once the power grid returns to normal, the main circuit immediately conducts, and charging seamlessly resumes, without the user noticing anything. Only when the abnormality is confirmed to be a continuous power outage does the system execute the complete safety backup process: shutting down the main circuit, using the emergency energy storage unit 130 to supply power to the electronic lock drive unit 120 to unlock the electronic lock, and using the feedback signal from the electronic lock to determine whether the electronic lock has been successfully unlocked, ensuring normal gun removal in abnormal situations; simultaneously, using remaining power to upload bills and fault information to the platform or intelligently downgrading to local storage based on remaining capacity, and recording the fault and its location for real-time monitoring and timely resolution by the platform.

[0024] Furthermore, this application also endows the system with the ability to perform full lifecycle health management of the emergency energy storage unit 130. The main controller 140 obtains its charge-discharge cycle count and voltage data, and uses a lifespan prediction model to estimate its current actual capacity. This capacity assessment result is used to guide the system's dynamic degradation management strategy: when the charging pile is a Class II charging terminal that supports multiple charging guns, and the capacity of the emergency energy storage unit 130 drops below its specific high threshold due to aging, but is still higher than the low threshold of the Class I charging terminal, the system will actively limit the number of available charging guns and send a maintenance request to the cloud platform, thereby extending the available operating time of the equipment and reducing operation and maintenance costs while ensuring safe unlocking.

[0025] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The diagrams illustrate the overall block diagrams of the two-tiered charging pile control system provided in this application, demonstrating the collaborative relationships among the core modules. The system uses a main controller 140 (MCU) as its control core, with the power supply providing energy directly to the charging pile from the power grid. At the system perception level, the power failure detection module (corresponding to the power supply anomaly detection unit 112) monitors the power supply status in real time and notifies the main controller 140 upon detecting a power failure signal. The supercapacitor charging and discharging module (corresponding to the core component of the emergency energy storage unit 130) stores electrical energy under normal conditions and releases it as backup power during power failures. At the control execution level, the main controller 140 receives the power failure detection signal, processes the power grid status information, and controls the charging and discharging process of the supercapacitor, while also receiving status information from the electronic lock. Under the command of the main controller 140, the H-bridge drive module (corresponding to the electronic lock drive unit 120) uses the energy stored in the supercapacitor to drive the electronic lock to complete locking and unlocking actions. Furthermore, the main controller 140 can also control the DC contactor to switch on and off high-power circuits and communicate with the cloud platform to achieve data interaction and command reception.

[0026] Based on the above architecture, this application further develops a more complete system solution; please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3 This application provides a control system for a charging pile, including: a power grid status detection unit 110, configured to acquire status information of the power grid connected to the charging pile; an electronic lock drive unit 120, configured to drive the electronic lock of the charging gun of the charging pile to switch between locked and unlocked states according to the instructions of the main controller 140; and an emergency energy storage unit 130, configured to supply power to at least the main controller 140 and the electronic lock drive unit 120 when in the enabled state.

[0027] Among them, the power grid status detection unit 110 refers to a detection module that can sense the operating status of the power grid. The status information it acquires is a general term for various types of information that can reflect whether the power grid supply is normal and whether there are fluctuations. Transient fluctuations refer to brief abnormal changes in the power grid supply voltage, but their severity and duration do not constitute a continuous power outage, such as voltage dips and voltage swells.

[0028] When using supercapacitors as backup power, existing charging stations often face challenges due to supercapacitor degradation or insufficient charging capacity. This can lead to a failure to provide a stable and continuous power supply to the MCU and electronic lock after a power outage, resulting in issues such as inability to unlock properly and failure to upload fault reports to the platform. Specifically, when the main controller 140 detects a continuous power outage, the emergency energy storage unit 130 (supercapacitor) automatically discharges. The main controller 140 then controls the disconnection of the DC contactor to shut off the main charging circuit and controls the electronic lock drive unit 120 to unlock the electronic lock, stopping charging. However, the emergency energy storage unit 130 requires recharging after each discharge to restore its ability to continue supplying power after a power outage. Furthermore, the actual capacitance of the emergency energy storage unit 130 gradually decreases over time, shortening its discharge time. Since the electronic lock requires a high pulse current to unlock, insufficient power stored in the emergency energy storage unit 130 cannot meet the instantaneous power demand for unlocking, preventing automatic unlocking in abnormal situations.

[0029] The main controller 140 is configured to identify the type of grid anomaly based on status information during charging. When a transient fluctuation is identified, the emergency energy storage unit 130 is activated, the main charging circuit between the grid and the charging gun is shut down, and a locking command is sent to the electronic lock drive unit 120 to keep the electronic lock locked until the grid returns to normal. Then, the main charging circuit is activated, and the emergency energy storage unit 130 is deactivated. The main charging circuit refers to the power circuit that draws power from the grid, transmits power to the charging gun through the power conversion module inside the charging pile, and is distinct from the auxiliary power supply circuit that supplies power to the control system.

[0030] The main controller 140 is also configured to, when the abnormality type is identified as continuous power outage, activate the emergency energy storage unit 130, control the main charging circuit to shut down; send an unlocking command to the electronic lock drive unit 120 to put the electronic lock in the unlocked state; upload the billing data and fault information of this charging to the cloud platform; and deactivate the emergency energy storage unit 130. Continuous power outage refers to an abnormal state in which the grid power supply is interrupted for a long time or the voltage drops severely and cannot be restored on its own.

[0031] Furthermore, the electronic lock drive unit 120 is also configured to feed back the actual state of the electronic lock to the main controller 140; the main controller 140 is also configured to receive the actual state fed back by the electronic lock drive unit 120 after issuing an unlocking command, and confirm whether the electronic lock has been successfully unlocked based on the actual state; after confirming successful unlocking, it controls the emergency energy storage unit 130 to stop supplying power to the electronic lock drive unit 120. Here, the actual state refers to the current physical position or working state of the electronic lock, such as the locked position, unlocked position, or intermediate transition state.

[0032] Furthermore, if the current actual capacity of the emergency energy storage unit 130 is lower than a preset energy threshold, the billing data and fault information will be stored in the local memory and uploaded to the cloud platform after the power grid is restored. The preset energy threshold is a comparison benchmark between the current actual capacity of the emergency energy storage unit 130 and the minimum energy required to upload the data.

[0033] In this way, even if the emergency energy storage unit 130 experiences capacity decay or insufficient charging, the reliable execution of the core unlocking function and the complete recording of fault information can still be guaranteed.

[0034] Please see Figure 4 The diagram shown is an overall block diagram of the control system for a third type of charging pile provided in this application embodiment. Figure 3 Based on the system scheme shown, a more specific implementation method is given, and a DC contactor and platform interaction module are added. In this specific implementation, a 12V power supply powers the entire system, and the power failure detection module (corresponding to the power supply anomaly detection unit 112) monitors the power status; the supercapacitor charging and discharging module (corresponding to the core component of the emergency energy storage unit 130) stores electrical energy under normal conditions and releases electrical energy when the power is off; the MCU acts as the main controller 140, receiving the power failure detection signal, controlling the operation of the supercapacitor, and simultaneously receiving status feedback from the electronic lock. Specifically, the electronic lock drive unit 120 is implemented using a BL5612 H-bridge driver chip. Under the control of the MCU, this chip uses the electrical energy of the supercapacitor to output ±12V drive signals to the electronic lock. When the charging pile starts charging, it outputs +12V to control the electronic lock to lock; when charging ends, it outputs -12V to control the electronic lock to unlock. The MCU can also control the DC contactor (a high-current switching element used to control the on / off of high-power circuits) and communicate with the platform (such as a host computer or server) to report system status and receive instructions.

[0035] When an abnormal situation occurs, the MCU first uses a power-down detection circuit to determine if there is insufficient external power supply. If insufficient external power is confirmed, the H-bridge driver chip is powered by a voltage booster from a supercapacitor. The MCU controls the H-bridge chip to output -12V, unlocking the electronic lock. Simultaneously, feedback from the electronic lock is used to check if it has unlocked correctly. In other words, the MCU first controls the disconnection of the DC contactor inside the charging pile to shut off the main charging circuit, stopping the charging process before unlocking the electronic lock. Charging ends at this point, and the charging gun can be unplugged. The MCU continues to supply power, uploading charging abnormality information to the platform and displaying the charging fault, informing the user of the charging pile's real-time status. Once the external power grid returns to normal, the charging pile will return to usable status. No manual intervention is needed for specific fault situations; the MCU automatically determines the charging status, reducing after-sales workload and lowering charging pile maintenance costs. Stopping charging in the event of an external power grid abnormality greatly prevents damage to internal components due to abnormal grid fluctuations, avoids abnormal voltage and current output from the charging pile, protects vehicle safety, and increases service life and charging pile reliability.

[0036] In practical implementation, the power quality detection unit 111 in the power grid status detection unit 110 can be implemented using a 380V three-phase power detection circuit. Specifically, the RN7306E three-phase SOC chip from Ruineng Microelectronics can be selected for real-time monitoring of 380V power quality. This allows for the detection of power quality parameters such as three-phase imbalance, harmonics, interharmonics, voltage sags, voltage interruptions, voltage transient events, voltage fluctuations, and flicker. The power quality parameters are directly transmitted to the main controller 140 via SPI communication, eliminating the need for separate calculations and judgments by the main controller 140 and avoiding the use of its threads. Based on this hardware foundation, the main controller 140 intelligently allocates charging strategies according to the problems occurring in the power grid and the status of the emergency energy storage unit 130, preventing the charging process from being interrupted due to brief voltage fluctuations. When a power supply anomaly is detected, the cause of the anomaly is first determined, and it is assessed whether the anomaly affects charging. If it does, the charging process is interrupted, and the electronic lock is unlocked. If the anomaly is transient or short-lived and does not affect the charging process, the DC contactor can be disconnected to shut off the main charging circuit. The emergency energy storage unit 130 is then used to power the main control board, while the charging gun connection is maintained to keep the electronic lock locked. Once the three-phase power supply is confirmed to be normal, the DC contactor is closed to reconnect the main charging circuit, and charging continues. During this process, the charging pile automatically switches to the emergency energy storage unit 130 for power supply and resumes charging automatically after the power grid returns to normal, without user intervention. Seamless charging is also possible even in abnormal situations. When an external power grid failure is detected, the emergency energy storage unit 130 automatically switches to power supply, prioritizes unlocking the electronic lock, and reports the fault. Once the power grid is restored, charging of the supercapacitor immediately begins.

[0037] Regarding the capacity management of the emergency energy storage unit 130, the main controller 140 utilizes its built-in 12-bit ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) to sample and detect the voltage and current during the charging and discharging of the supercapacitor. Based on the supercapacitor lifespan prediction model, it estimates the real-time capacitance value of the supercapacitor and adjusts the charging disconnection time in abnormal situations in real time according to the supercapacitor's lifespan. For dual-gun charging terminals (i.e., the second type of charging terminal), more energy is needed to unlock the electronic locks of both guns and upload charging data during power outages. When the supercapacitor's capacitance value drops to a level insufficient for unlocking and data upload, the electronic locks of both guns are unlocked first, the 4G module or network port is turned off, and the data is recorded locally, prioritizing the disconnection of the charging guns so that customers can unplug them. Alternatively, dual-gun charging can be replaced with single-gun charging to ensure that the charging station remains operational, while the fault is uploaded to the platform for after-sales maintenance. This increases the utilization rate of the charging station and reduces losses caused by the charging station being left idle due to malfunction. When the capacitance of the supercapacitor is insufficient to transmit all data to the platform, the data is first stored locally and the electronic lock is unlocked. Once the power grid is restored, the data is uploaded again, improving the utilization rate of the charging pile and reducing maintenance costs. Instead of directly replacing the supercapacitor after its capacitance drops, the usage strategy is adjusted, and the charging pile can still be used normally.

[0038] Specifically, in this embodiment, at the system architecture level, the main controller 140 accurately distinguishes between transient fluctuations and continuous power outages in the power grid based on the status information obtained by the power grid status detection unit 110. When the abnormality type is identified as a transient fluctuation, the main controller 140 activates the emergency energy storage unit 130 to supply power to itself and the electronic lock drive unit 120, shuts off the main charging circuit to ensure safety, and simultaneously sends a locking command to the electronic lock drive unit 120 to keep the electronic lock locked. Thus, during brief power grid fluctuations, the physical connection of the charging gun and the charging session are completely maintained, and the user is completely unaware of the process; once the power grid returns to normal, the main controller 140 controls the main charging circuit to be reconnected, and the charging process is seamlessly and automatically restored, fundamentally avoiding the cumbersome operations of repeatedly plugging in the charging gun, scanning the code, and starting charging due to power grid fluctuations. When a continuous power outage is identified as an anomaly, the main controller 140 activates the emergency energy storage unit 130, shuts down the main charging circuit, and sends an unlocking command to the electronic lock drive unit 120 to place the electronic lock in the unlocked state. Simultaneously, it uses the power provided by the emergency energy storage unit 130 to upload the charging billing data and fault information to the cloud platform for data preservation. Furthermore, the electronic lock drive unit 120 also reports the actual status of the electronic lock to the main controller 140. After issuing the unlocking command, the main controller 140 receives this feedback and confirms whether the electronic lock has been successfully unlocked, forming a closed-loop verification of the unlocking action. This ensures that the user can still remove the charging gun under abnormal conditions, eliminating the risk of the user being unable to leave due to unlocking failure. Further, if the current actual capacity of the emergency energy storage unit 130 is lower than a preset energy threshold, the billing data and fault information are stored in local storage and uploaded to the cloud platform after the power grid is restored. This prioritizes the reliable execution of the core unlocking function under extreme conditions where the emergency energy storage unit 130's capacity is insufficient, while ensuring that fault information is not lost, providing complete data for subsequent maintenance. While ensuring charging safety, it significantly improves user convenience and the operational reliability of charging stations.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the main controller 140 is further configured to: control the electronic lock drive unit 120 to drive the electronic lock in a high-frequency pulse width modulation mode during the period when the abnormality type is identified as transient fluctuation and the emergency energy storage unit 130 is activated, so that the drive motor of the electronic lock is in a micro-vibration holding state; wherein, the frequency of the high-frequency pulse width modulation is higher than the mechanical response cutoff frequency of the drive motor, and the duty cycle is set such that the generated average drive current is sufficient to maintain the current locked position of the electronic lock, but insufficient to drive the electronic lock to complete the complete locking or unlocking stroke.

[0040] This embodiment switches the driving mode from continuous DC holding to high-frequency micro-vibration holding while maintaining the lock. Specifically, during the power supply period of the emergency energy storage unit 130, if the electronic lock drive unit 120 continuously outputs a stable DC voltage to maintain the electronic lock, it will consume a continuous static current. This current accumulates throughout the waiting period for the grid to be restored, constituting the main energy consumption of the emergency energy storage unit 130. The drive motor of the electronic lock is an inductive load, and its mechanical response has a cutoff frequency. When the frequency of the drive signal is much higher than this cutoff frequency, the motor rotor cannot follow the signal change and only generates a slight vibration at its current position. The average torque is sufficient to overcome the reset spring force and maintain the lock, but the instantaneous current returns to zero or reverses in each pulse cycle. The average current consumption at the power supply end is much lower than that of the continuous DC power supply method. This embodiment utilizes this physical characteristic and uses high-frequency pulse width modulation drive to significantly reduce the energy consumption rate of the emergency energy storage unit 130 while still ensuring that the electronic lock reliably maintains its locked state. Thus, under the same emergency energy storage capacity, the system can maintain a longer waiting time for the grid to recover, thereby increasing the success rate of seamless charging; or, under the premise of meeting the same waiting time, a smaller capacity emergency energy storage unit can be used to further reduce hardware costs.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the main controller 140 is further configured to: before charging is started, control the emergency energy storage unit 130 to perform a simulated discharge of a preset duration and record the voltage drop curve during the discharge process; compare the voltage drop curve with the reference voltage drop curve of the emergency energy storage unit 130 in the factory state, and determine the current available effective energy of the emergency energy storage unit 130 based on the comparison result; when the available effective energy is lower than a preset safety threshold, when the power grid experiences transient fluctuations, the main controller 140 will no longer perform the operation of keeping the electronic lock locked and waiting for the power grid to recover, but will directly treat the transient fluctuation as a continuous power outage and control the electronic lock drive unit 120 to perform unlocking.

[0042] This embodiment directly obtains the dynamic voltage response characteristics of the emergency energy storage unit 130 under real load conditions by conducting actual short-term simulated discharge tests before each charge. The measured characteristics are then compared with the factory baseline characteristics to derive the physical quantity of usable effective energy. Specifically, the aging of supercapacitors is not only manifested in capacitance decay but also in increased internal resistance. Increased internal resistance leads to the actual usable energy during high-current pulse discharges (such as the instant an electronic lock unlocks) being far lower than the theoretical value calculated based on capacitance. If lifetime prediction relies solely on the number of charge-discharge cycles and terminal voltage, the true discharge capacity of the supercapacitor under high-current pulse conditions cannot be accurately determined, potentially leading to incorrect system judgments at critical moments (i.e., mistakenly believing that the remaining energy is sufficient to sustain the wait, when in fact the voltage collapses at the moment of unlocking). This embodiment obtains dynamic response characteristics through actual discharge testing, directly reflecting the impact of increased internal resistance on usable energy, giving the system a measured-level understanding of its emergency response capabilities. Based on this, when the actual usable energy drops below the safety threshold, the system actively abandons the seamless charging strategy and directly unlocks even in the face of transient fluctuations, sacrificing one user experience in exchange for absolute safety.

[0043] Traditional solutions relying solely on power failure detection have significant drawbacks when the power grid experiences brief fluctuations. Power failure detection typically only monitors the 12V or 24V power supply within the input board. This voltage, converted from 220V via a DC-DC power module, often exhibits a lag when a power failure occurs, failing to be immediately pulled down. Furthermore, this 12V power supply is frequently shared by other devices; sudden heavy loads or malfunctions in these devices can also pull down the 12V supply, leading to false power failure detection and incorrect disconnection of the charging process. If the power grid fluctuates continuously within a short period, it will cause repeated charging interruptions and electronic lock unlocking. Users must restart the charging process and wait for the supercapacitor to fully charge before the lock can automatically unlock upon another power outage, severely impacting the user experience. To this end, this application adds 380V three-phase power grid detection and real-time supercapacitor status detection. During the charging process, the external power grid is monitored in real time, and the charging threshold of the charging pile is adjusted according to the external power grid status and the supercapacitor status. Furthermore, the supercapacitor's capacitance value is tracked based on the supercapacitor's lifespan prediction model, and the supercapacitor's energy management strategy is dynamically adjusted in response to capacitance value changes to improve the reliability of the charging pile.

[0044] Please see Figure 5In one possible implementation, the status information includes at least power quality parameters and a power outage indication signal. The power grid status detection unit 110 includes: a power quality detection unit 111, configured to monitor the power quality parameters of the power grid connected to the charging pile in real time; and a power supply anomaly detection unit 112, configured to generate a power outage indication signal when a power outage occurs in the power grid. Accordingly, the anomaly type of the power grid is identified based on the status information, including: when the power quality parameters represent a voltage sag event or a voltage swell event, and the power outage indication signal is not triggered or the trigger duration of the power outage indication signal is less than a preset duration threshold, the anomaly type is identified as transient fluctuation; when the trigger duration of the power outage indication signal is greater than or equal to the preset duration threshold, or when the power quality parameters represent a voltage interruption event, the anomaly type is identified as continuous power outage. Through the above dual detection and comprehensive judgment mechanism, the charging process is effectively avoided due to power supply lag or false triggering, and accurate identification and differentiated processing of power grid anomalies are achieved.

[0045] Among them, power quality parameters refer to electrical parameters that characterize the power supply quality of the power grid, including voltage amplitude, frequency, harmonic content, and three-phase imbalance. The power outage indication signal is an indication signal generated by the power supply anomaly detection unit 112 when it detects that the grid voltage has dropped below a preset threshold. The preset duration threshold is the time criterion for distinguishing between transient fluctuations and continuous power outages.

[0046] Based on the structure and anomaly type identification logic of the aforementioned power grid status detection unit 110, this application further provides a specific embodiment of an integrated power quality detection unit. Please refer to... Figure 6 The diagram shows the overall system block diagram of an integrated power quality detection unit provided in this application embodiment, which adds a power grid quality detection module (corresponding to power quality detection unit 111) to the basic system. This module is responsible for monitoring parameters such as voltage and current of the power supply to determine whether the power supply is stable; the main controller 140, as the control core, receives the power grid quality detection signal and simultaneously reads the voltage state of the supercapacitor in the emergency energy storage unit 130 through analog-to-digital conversion, and controls the charging and discharging of the supercapacitor; the emergency energy storage unit 130 releases electrical energy when there is a power outage or poor power grid quality to provide driving energy for the electronic lock drive unit 120; the main controller 140 can also control the DC contactor and communicate with the cloud platform to report the power grid status, capacitor status and electronic lock status, and receive platform instructions.

[0047] Please see Figure 7The diagram shows an overall system block diagram of another integrated power quality detection unit provided in this application embodiment. This embodiment is adapted to 380V three-phase power supply scenarios and is suitable for industrial or high-power power supply environments. 380V three-phase power is the system's power supply; the power quality detection unit 111 is specifically implemented using the RN7306E three-phase power metering chip, which detects parameters such as voltage, current, and power of the three-phase power to determine the grid quality; the main controller 140 receives the detection signal from the RN7306E and simultaneously reads the state of the supercapacitor in the emergency energy storage unit 130 through analog-to-digital conversion, controlling the charging and discharging of the supercapacitor; the emergency energy storage unit 130 releases electrical energy when the grid is interrupted or abnormal, providing driving energy for the electronic lock drive unit 120; the main controller 140 can also control the DC contactor to realize the switching of high-power circuits, and communicate with the cloud platform to report grid status, capacitor status, and equipment status, and receive platform instructions.

[0048] The power supply anomaly detection unit 112 includes: a voltage divider sampling network connected to the power grid, used to divide the voltage of the power grid to obtain a sampled voltage; and a voltage monitoring chip connected to the voltage divider sampling network, configured to output a power failure indication signal when the sampled voltage is lower than a preset threshold.

[0049] Among them, the voltage divider sampling network refers to the resistor network that reduces the grid voltage proportionally, and the voltage monitoring chip refers to the integrated circuit that can monitor the sampled voltage and output an indication signal when it is below a threshold.

[0050] Please see Figure 8 The diagram shows a circuit diagram of a power supply anomaly detection unit provided in this application embodiment. This circuit is used to monitor the power supply status and transmit a power failure indication signal to the main controller 140. Specifically, a resistor divider module (corresponding to a voltage divider sampling network) proportionally reduces the mains voltage to obtain a sampling voltage suitable for the detection range of subsequent circuits. The SGM809 chip (corresponding to a voltage monitoring chip) continuously monitors the sampled voltage after voltage division. When the mains voltage falls below a set threshold, i.e., a power failure occurs, a power failure indication signal is output. This power failure indication signal is transmitted to the main controller 140 via a signal isolation and amplification link composed of a transistor and an optocoupler. The optocoupler provides electrical isolation between circuits, avoiding signal interference and ensuring that the main controller 140 can obtain power supply status changes in a timely and accurate manner.

[0051] To address the power supply anomaly issue caused by grid fluctuations during charging, this application adds a power supply anomaly detection unit 112 and an emergency energy storage unit 130 to the control system. This ensures that when a grid anomaly is detected, the emergency energy storage unit 130 maintains power supply to the main controller 140 and promptly provides unlocking energy to the electronic lock drive unit 120. To ensure stable and reliable locking and unlocking of the electronic lock, the power supply anomaly detection unit 112 can detect whether an external grid anomaly has caused a prolonged power outage. Upon detecting a power outage, the main controller 140 controls the electronic lock drive unit 120 to unlock the electronic lock in real time and accurately determines whether the electronic lock is unlocking stably based on the actual status feedback from the electronic lock drive unit 120, ensuring reliable unlocking of the electronic lock when the charging pile experiences anomalies.

[0052] In the specific circuit implementation, the voltage divider sampling network in the power supply anomaly detection unit 112 adopts a resistor voltage divider method, and the voltage monitoring chip uses an SGM809B-SXN3G / TR chip. When the sampled voltage is lower than a preset threshold (e.g., the input voltage is lower than 10V), the reset pin of the chip changes from high level to low level. This low-level signal is transmitted to the main controller 140 after optocoupler isolation. Upon receiving this signal, the main controller 140 determines that an external power supply failure has occurred. The electronic lock drive unit 120 is controlled by an H-bridge driver chip. Since the electronic lock requires 12V power for unlocking, the emergency energy storage unit 130 needs to control the discharge of the supercapacitor and also needs to be equipped with a boost chip to ensure that the charging and discharging section outputs 12V to meet the voltage requirements for unlocking the electronic lock.

[0053] Furthermore, the power quality detection unit 111 is implemented using the Raytron Technology RN7306E three-phase SOC chip to monitor 380V power quality. It can detect power quality parameters such as three-phase imbalance, harmonics, interharmonics, voltage sags, voltage interruptions, voltage transient events, voltage fluctuations, and flicker. These parameters are directly transmitted to the main controller 140 via SPI communication, eliminating the need for separate calculations and judgments by the main controller 140 and avoiding the use of its threads. The main controller 140 utilizes the detection circuits of the power quality detection unit 111 and the emergency energy storage unit 130 to monitor the external power grid status and the performance of the supercapacitor. Based on the external power grid status and the voltage and capacitance of the supercapacitor, it adjusts the charging status in real time.

[0054] Specifically, in this embodiment, a dual-sensor architecture is constructed, consisting of a power quality detection unit 111 and a power supply anomaly detection unit 112 working collaboratively. This allows the main controller 140 to simultaneously acquire power quality parameters and power outage indication signals, and to comprehensively analyze the information from both. When the power quality parameters represent a voltage dip or rise event, but the power outage indication signal is not triggered or only briefly triggered, the system identifies it as a transient fluctuation and executes a seamless charging strategy that maintains the electronic lock, shuts off the charging main circuit, and waits for the grid to recover. Only when the power outage indication signal is continuously triggered for a preset duration threshold, or when the power quality parameters directly represent a voltage interruption event, is it determined to be a continuous power outage, and a complete security unlocking and data preservation process is executed. This multi-dimensional information fusion judgment mechanism fundamentally avoids misjudgments caused by power supply lag or interference, and achieves accurate classification and differentiated handling of grid anomalies. In addition, the power supply anomaly detection unit 112 itself adopts a circuit structure of voltage divider sampling network and voltage monitoring chip. Its detection point is directly taken from the power grid side. Compared with the subsequent solution for detecting low-voltage DC power supply, the response is faster and more accurate, which further improves the real-time performance and reliability of the system's perception of the power grid status.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the main controller 140 is further configured to: obtain the current actual capacity of the emergency energy storage unit 130; dynamically adjust a preset duration threshold according to the current actual capacity; wherein the preset duration threshold is positively correlated with the current actual capacity, so that the lower the current actual capacity of the emergency energy storage unit 130, the shorter the time required for the main controller 140 to determine the abnormality type as continuous power outage.

[0056] This embodiment dynamically links the health status (current actual capacity) of the emergency energy storage unit 130 with the threshold for determining the type of power grid anomaly. During the long-term operation of the charging pile, the supercapacitor in the emergency energy storage unit 130 will gradually age and its capacitance will decrease. If a fixed preset duration threshold is used to distinguish between transient fluctuations and continuous power outages, when the supercapacitor is severely aged and its capacity drops significantly, the system will still maintain the electronic lock for the original duration to wait for the power grid to recover. This poses a safety hazard that the supercapacitor may run out of energy during the waiting process and ultimately fail to unlock. This embodiment establishes a dynamic correlation between the current actual capacity and the preset duration threshold. That is, the lower the capacity, the shorter the duration threshold for determining continuous power outages. This allows the system to maintain the electronic lock for a longer period of time to wait for the power grid to recover when the supercapacitor is in good health, fully leveraging the advantages of seamless charging. When the supercapacitor is severely aged and its capacity is critically low, the system will determine continuous power outages earlier and perform unlocking and data preservation operations to ensure that all safety backup actions are completed before the remaining energy is exhausted.

[0057] Please see Figure 9The diagram shows a basic principle circuit diagram of a conventional electronic lock drive provided in this application embodiment. This conventional drive circuit relies on various electrical components to achieve bidirectional voltage output for the electronic lock: 12V+ and 12V- serve as the positive and negative terminals for the entire circuit, providing basic electrical energy; diodes prevent reverse current flow and protect components; a supercapacitor labeled EC1 stores electrical energy and acts as an emergency power source during power outages; the relay coil winding generates magnetic force to close the switch when energized, and its contacts are used to switch circuit connections. Its typical operating logic is as follows: when the system power supply is normal, the relay coil is energized and closes, causing the circuit to output a first polarity voltage (e.g., +12V) to drive the electronic lock into a locked state; when a power outage occurs, the coil of the non-magnetically latching relay loses power, the contacts automatically open and switch to another path, at which time the supercapacitor EC1 releases electrical energy, and the circuit outputs a second polarity voltage (e.g., -12V), thereby driving the electronic lock to automatically unlock. However, this relay drive scheme has inherent defects such as easy contact sticking, lack of unlocking status feedback, and aging of the electrolytic capacitor leading to a decrease in capacitance and causing unlocking abnormalities.

[0058] In one possible implementation, the electronic lock drive unit 120 includes a full-bridge drive chip, the power output terminal of which is connected to the drive motor of the electronic lock. The full-bridge drive chip is configured to output a voltage of a first polarity to drive the electronic lock to lock, and to output a voltage of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity to drive the electronic lock to unlock, according to instructions from the main controller 140. This replaces the traditional relay switching scheme with a contactless, feedback-enabled, and long-life solid-state drive method.

[0059] Among them, a full-bridge driver chip refers to an integrated circuit that integrates four power switching transistors to form a full-bridge topology, and can directly output bidirectional drive voltage. The first polarity and the second polarity refer to the forward drive voltage and the reverse drive voltage, respectively.

[0060] Please see Figure 10The diagram shows the internal structure of the full-bridge driver chip provided in this embodiment, which is used to drive loads such as electronic locks. Inside the chip, control commands from the main controller 140 are input through two control signal input terminals, INA and INB. These signals are first converted into voltage signals recognizable by the chip's internal circuitry by a level shifter. The converted signals then enter the high-side / low-side driver module, which controls the on / off state of the H-bridge circuit composed of four power switches (MG1 to MG4). The chip's VM terminal is the power input terminal, the GND terminal is the ground terminal, and the H-bridge output terminals OUTA and OUTB serve as drive signal output terminals, used to connect to the drive motor of the electronic lock, thereby outputting a voltage of either the first polarity or the second polarity according to the commands from the main controller 140. In addition, the full-bridge driver chip also integrates an overcurrent protection (OCP) module and an overheat protection (TSD) module as a safety protection mechanism. When the circuit current is too large or the chip temperature is too high, the drive will automatically stop to prevent component damage.

[0061] Specifically, in this embodiment, the electronic lock drive unit 120 uses a full-bridge drive chip instead of a relay. The chip internally consists of four power switching transistors forming a full-bridge topology. It can directly output a first polarity voltage and a second polarity voltage according to the instructions of the main controller 140, driving the electronic lock motor to lock in the forward direction and unlock in the reverse direction, respectively. Its advantages are: the full-bridge drive chip is a solid-state device, with no mechanical contact wear, fast switching speed, and a much longer service life than relays; it does not rely on the discharge characteristics of electrolytic capacitors to generate reverse voltage, as the drive voltage is actively output by the chip, resulting in higher reliability; the chip can integrate overcurrent protection and overheat shutdown protection, further improving the safety of the drive circuit; and the chip's small size effectively reduces the space occupied by a single board, lowers production costs, and facilitates the miniaturization design of the charging pile main control module. Overall, this embodiment, with its contactless, actively controllable, and highly integrated electronic lock drive method, fundamentally overcomes the multiple shortcomings of relay solutions in terms of reliability, lifespan, and size.

[0062] In one possible implementation, the emergency energy storage unit 130 includes: a supercapacitor module; a charging management chip, the input terminal of which is connected to the power supply terminal of the power grid, and the output terminal of which is connected to the supercapacitor module, configured to charge the supercapacitor module using the power provided by the power grid when the power grid is normal; and a boost converter circuit, the input terminal of which is connected to the supercapacitor module, and the output terminal of which is connected to the first power supply input terminal of the electronic lock drive unit 120 and the second power supply input terminal of the main controller 140, configured to boost the voltage output by the supercapacitor module to a preset operating voltage before outputting it when the emergency energy storage unit 130 is in the activated state. Here, a supercapacitor module refers to an energy storage component composed of one or more supercapacitor cells connected in series or parallel. A boost converter circuit refers to a DC-DC converter circuit that can boost the input voltage to a preset operating voltage.

[0063] Furthermore, the emergency energy storage unit 130 also includes a power supply switching circuit, configured such that: when the grid supply voltage is higher than the voltage output by the supercapacitor module via the boost converter circuit, the path between the grid supply terminal and the first power supply input terminal and the second power supply input terminal is opened; when the grid supply voltage is lower than the voltage output by the supercapacitor module via the boost converter circuit, the path between the grid supply terminal and the first power supply input terminal and the second power supply input terminal is closed. Here, the power supply switching circuit refers to a circuit structure that automatically switches between grid power supply and emergency energy storage power supply.

[0064] Please see Figure 11The diagram shows a circuit diagram of an emergency energy storage unit provided in an embodiment of this application. The circuit diagram illustrates a scheme for charging a supercapacitor module and providing backup power during power outages. The supercapacitor module consists of two 2.7V supercapacitors connected in series. The charging management chip is implemented using both BL8033 and MAX38889, and the boost converter circuit is implemented using MPS3437. Specifically, in this circuit, a 12V power supply serves as the input power for the entire circuit. It is first converted to a stable 5V voltage by the BL8033 step-down regulator chip to power subsequent circuits. The MAX38889, as the supercapacitor charging management chip, receives the 5V input and is responsible for safely charging the supercapacitor module and monitoring its status. This chip is specifically designed for backup power applications, with a maximum supply voltage of 5.5V. When the system voltage is higher than a set threshold, a linear charging regulator is used to charge the supercapacitor; when the system voltage is lower than the preset threshold, a boost regulator is used to charge the supercapacitor. The voltage of the first-stage capacitor is boosted to a predetermined value. After connecting two 2.7V supercapacitors in series, the boost regulator can maintain a 5V output power supply even at a minimum voltage of 0.27V, greatly extending the power supply time of the supercapacitors. The MPS3437, as the core chip of the boost converter circuit, boosts the 5V output power from the supercapacitor module to 12V when the emergency energy storage unit 130 is activated. Its peak current reaches 9.5A, which can meet the pulse current requirements during electronic lock unlocking. The boosted 12V is then output to the power input terminals of the electronic lock drive unit 120 and the main controller 140. This solution uses two 2.7V supercapacitors for power supply, requiring two-stage boosting to 12V, which affects power supply efficiency to some extent. However, in situations where prolonged high-power supply is not required, this solution can automatically charge and discharge according to changes in system voltage, making it simpler to use.

[0065] In applications requiring higher power and longer supply time, the aforementioned two-section 2.7V supercapacitor solution may not meet the needs for extended power supply. Therefore, this application provides another specific circuit implementation scheme for the emergency energy storage unit 130. Please refer to... Figure 12The diagram shows another emergency energy storage unit provided in this application embodiment, which is also used to manage the charging and discharging of supercapacitors. The supercapacitor module consists of 1 to 8 supercapacitors connected in series. The charging management chip is implemented by a BQ24640, the boost converter circuit by an MPS3437, and the power supply switching circuit is composed of an input reverse connection protection diode and an output reverse current protection diode. In this circuit, a 12V power supply is used as the input power supply. The diodes in the circuit act as reverse connection protection to prevent damage to components. The BQ24640, as a dedicated supercapacitor charging management chip, supports charging up to 8 supercapacitors and can be directly powered by an external 12V power supply. It is responsible for controlling the charging current and voltage to ensure charging safety. The MPS3437, as the core chip of the boost converter circuit, boosts the energy stored in the supercapacitor module to 12V and outputs it to the load when the emergency energy storage unit 130 is activated, ensuring that a stable 12V output can still be achieved even after the supercapacitor voltage drops. Since the BQ24640 cannot discharge autonomously based on external voltage conditions, this solution adds diodes to both the 12V power supply terminal and the boost chip output terminal to form the specific implementation of the power supply switching circuit: When the grid power supply is normal, the 12V power supply directly supplies power to the subsequent stage through the diodes, while the BQ24640 charges the supercapacitor module; when the external voltage drops and the grid power supply voltage is lower than the output voltage of the supercapacitor module after being boosted by the MPS3437, the diodes at the power supply terminal automatically turn off, and the supercapacitor module supplies power to the subsequent stage after being boosted by the MPS3437, while preventing current backflow during charging, thereby achieving automatic and seamless switching between grid power supply and emergency energy storage power supply.

[0066] Specifically, in this embodiment, the emergency energy storage unit 130 is composed of a supercapacitor module, a charging management chip, a boost converter circuit, and a power supply switching circuit. When the power grid is normal, the charging management chip charges the supercapacitor module safely and efficiently. When the power grid fails and emergency power supply is activated, the boost converter circuit steadily boosts the voltage output from the supercapacitor module, which decreases continuously with discharge, to a preset operating voltage before outputting it. This ensures that the downstream power supply voltage remains constant throughout the entire discharge process, thereby fully extracting the residual energy from the supercapacitor, greatly extending the effective power supply time, and ensuring the smooth completion of core operations such as electronic lock unlocking and data uploading. A power supply switching circuit is provided so that when the grid supply voltage is higher than the boosted output voltage of the supercapacitor, the grid directly supplies power to the downstream unit; when the grid voltage drops below the output voltage, the power source seamlessly switches to the supercapacitor module. This ensures the continuity of power supply to the main controller 140 and the electronic lock drive unit 120 during power grid failures, avoiding system resets or data loss due to switching gaps. Overall, a simple and reliable circuit topology achieves high-efficiency and uninterrupted emergency power supply protection.

[0067] In one possible implementation, the main controller 140 is further configured to: when the charging pile is a second type of charging terminal, and the current actual capacity of the emergency energy storage unit 130 is lower than the capacity alarm threshold of the second type of charging terminal, but still higher than the capacity alarm threshold of the first type of charging terminal, forcibly restrict the working mode of the charging pile to only allow charging guns with a number less than or equal to a preset number threshold to charge, and send a maintenance request to the cloud platform; wherein, the number of charging guns supported by the first type of charging terminal is less than or equal to the preset number threshold; the number of charging guns supported by the second type of charging terminal is greater than the preset number threshold; and the capacity alarm threshold of the second type of charging terminal is higher than the capacity alarm threshold of the first type of charging terminal.

[0068] The current actual capacity refers to the remaining charge storage capacity of the emergency energy storage unit 130 after long-term use and aging. The lifetime prediction model is an algorithm or mathematical model that estimates the current actual capacity based on historical operating data such as charge-discharge cycle count and voltage. The capacity alarm threshold is the capacity criterion for triggering the degradation management strategy.

[0069] The main controller 140 is also configured to: acquire the number of charge-discharge cycles, charging voltage and discharging voltage of the emergency energy storage unit 130; and, based on the number of charge-discharge cycles, charging voltage and discharging voltage, use a lifetime prediction model to estimate the current actual capacity of the emergency energy storage unit 130.

[0070] To achieve the aforementioned degradation management and prediction functions, this application embodiment adds a supercapacitor detection and charge / discharge control circuit. Utilizing the detected voltage and current during supercapacitor charging and discharging, as well as the number of charge / discharge cycles, the supercapacitor's capacitance value is estimated using a supercapacitor lifespan prediction model; this is the current actual capacity of the emergency energy storage unit 130. Considering that the number of each component and the number of supporting charging guns in a charging pile are not entirely the same, the main controller 140 adjusts the minimum capacity threshold of the emergency energy storage unit 130 in real time according to the different types of charging piles. For example, taking a dual-gun charging terminal as a second-type charging terminal and a single-gun charging terminal as a first-type charging terminal, a single-gun charging terminal only needs to unlock one electronic lock when power is off, requiring relatively less data to be uploaded to the platform. Even if the supercapacitor's capacitance value decreases to a certain extent, it can still be used as long as the current required for discharge is sufficient. For a dual-gun charging terminal, more energy is needed to unlock both guns and upload data when power is off; therefore, its capacity alarm threshold is higher than that of a single-gun charging terminal. When the supercapacitor capacity of a dual-gun charging terminal drops to a level insufficient to meet the requirements for dual-gun unlocking and data upload, but still sufficient for single-gun charging, the electronic locks of both guns are unlocked first, the 4G module or network port is turned off, and data is recorded locally, prioritizing the disconnection of the charging guns. Alternatively, dual-gun charging can be switched to single-gun charging to ensure the charging station remains operational, while simultaneously reporting the fault to the platform for after-sales maintenance. After the power grid is restored, for dual-gun charging terminals, when the supercapacitor's charge is sufficient for single-gun electronic lock unlocking, single-gun charging is prioritized. Dual-gun charging is only permitted after the supercapacitor has reached a certain charge level. This improves the utilization rate of the charging station, avoiding idle charging stations due to supercapacitor charging and ensuring sufficient supercapacitor charge for automatic electronic lock unlocking. Furthermore, predictive models are used to assess the supercapacitor's capacitance in advance; if a low capacitance is predicted, the supercapacitor is replaced proactively.

[0071] Specifically, in this embodiment, the health status prediction of the emergency energy storage unit 130 is organically combined with the operation and management strategy of the charging pile terminal. The main controller 140 obtains the number of charge-discharge cycles, charging voltage, and discharging voltage of the emergency energy storage unit 130, and uses a life prediction model to estimate its current actual capacity, thus realizing a quantitative assessment of the capacitor's health status. Based on this, the charging pile terminal is divided into a first type of charging terminal and a second type of charging terminal according to the number of charging guns it supports, and differentiated capacity alarm thresholds are set for the two types of terminals. When the charging pile is a second type of charging terminal that supports multiple guns, and the actual capacity of the emergency energy storage unit 130 has decayed to below its higher threshold but is still higher than the lower threshold of the first type of charging terminal, the main controller 140 actively downgrades the working mode to allow only charging guns with a number not exceeding a preset threshold to charge, and sends a maintenance request to the cloud platform. Under the premise of ensuring a safety baseline (the energy required for unlocking a single gun is always guaranteed), the available operating time of the charging pile is extended to the maximum extent, and the equipment idleness and operational losses caused by capacitor capacity decay are reduced.

[0072] In summary, this application adds a power grid status detection unit and an emergency energy storage unit, and configures the main controller to have the ability to identify power grid anomaly types, thereby distinguishing between transient fluctuations and persistent faults. When the main controller determines that the current anomaly is only a transient fluctuation based on the power grid status information, it activates the emergency energy storage unit to take over the power supply of the control system. At the same time, it only shuts down the main charging circuit to ensure safety, but sends a locking command to the electronic lock drive unit to maintain the physical locking state of the charging gun. Because the electronic lock remains locked during power grid fluctuations, the connection of the charging gun is not released, and the charging session information between the charging pile and the vehicle can be effectively maintained under the control system. After the power grid returns to normal, the main controller directly controls the main charging circuit to be reconnected, realizing the automatic and seamless recovery of the charging process. Users are unaware of the process and do not need any repetitive operations, thus effectively solving the problem of cumbersome user operations caused by frequent interruptions in the charging process, and significantly improving the convenience of use and operational efficiency of the charging pile.

[0073] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the connection within two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0074] It should be noted that the order of the embodiments described above is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. Furthermore, while this specification describes specific embodiments, other embodiments are also within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps described in the claims can be performed in the order shown in different embodiments and still achieve the desired results. Additionally, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require a specific order or sequence of connections to achieve the desired results; in some implementations, parallel processing of multiple tasks is possible or may be advantageous.

[0075] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. The focus of each embodiment is to describe the differences from other embodiments.

[0076] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A control system for a charging pile, characterized in that, include: The power grid status detection unit is configured to acquire the status information of the power grid connected to the charging pile; The electronic lock drive unit is configured to drive the electronic lock of the charging gun of the charging pile to switch between locked and unlocked states according to the instructions of the main controller; An emergency energy storage unit is configured to supply power to at least the main controller and the electronic lock drive unit when in the activated state; The main controller is configured to identify the type of abnormality in the power grid based on the status information during the charging process; When the abnormality type is identified as transient fluctuation, the emergency energy storage unit is activated, the main charging circuit between the power grid and the charging gun is shut down, a locking command is sent to the electronic lock drive unit to keep the electronic lock locked until the power grid returns to normal, the main charging circuit is turned on, and the activation state of the emergency energy storage unit is deactivated. The main controller is further configured to: acquire the number of charge-discharge cycles, charging voltage, and discharging voltage of the emergency energy storage unit; and, based on the number of charge-discharge cycles, the charging voltage, and the discharging voltage, use a lifetime prediction model to estimate the current actual capacity of the emergency energy storage unit. The main controller is further configured to: when the charging pile is a second type of charging terminal, and the current actual capacity of the emergency energy storage unit is lower than the capacity alarm threshold of the second type of charging terminal, but still higher than the capacity alarm threshold of the first type of charging terminal, forcibly restrict the working mode of the charging pile to only allow charging guns with a number less than or equal to a preset number threshold to charge, and send a maintenance request to the cloud platform; wherein, the number of charging guns supported by the first type of charging terminal is less than or equal to the preset number threshold; the number of charging guns supported by the second type of charging terminal is greater than the preset number threshold; and the capacity alarm threshold of the second type of charging terminal is higher than the capacity alarm threshold of the first type of charging terminal.

2. The control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The status information includes at least power quality parameters and power failure indication signals; the power grid status detection unit includes: The power quality detection unit is configured to monitor the power quality parameters of the power grid connected to the charging pile in real time. A power supply anomaly detection unit is configured to generate a power outage indication signal when a power outage occurs in the power grid. Accordingly, identifying the anomaly type of the power grid based on the status information includes: When the power quality parameter is characterized as a voltage sag event or a voltage swell event, and the power failure indication signal is not triggered or the duration of the triggering of the power failure indication signal is less than a preset duration threshold, the abnormal type is identified as the transient fluctuation.

3. The control system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of identifying the anomaly type of the power grid based on the status information further includes: When the duration of the power failure indication signal is greater than or equal to the preset duration threshold, or when the power quality parameter is characterized as a voltage interruption event, the abnormality type is identified as a continuous power failure.

4. The control system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The main controller is also configured to: When the abnormality type is identified as continuous power loss, the emergency energy storage unit is activated and the charging main circuit is shut down. Send an unlock command to the electronic lock drive unit to place the electronic lock in the unlocked state; Upload the billing data and fault information for this charging session to the cloud platform; Deactivate the emergency energy storage unit.

5. The control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The electronic lock drive unit is also configured to feed back the actual state of the electronic lock to the main controller; The main controller is further configured to receive the actual status feedback from the electronic lock drive unit after issuing the unlock command, and confirm whether the electronic lock has been successfully unlocked based on the actual status; after confirming successful unlocking, control the emergency energy storage unit to stop supplying power to the electronic lock drive unit.

6. The control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of uploading the billing data and fault information for this charging session to the cloud platform includes: If the current actual capacity of the emergency energy storage unit is lower than the preset energy threshold, the billing data and the fault information are stored in the local memory and then uploaded to the cloud platform after the power grid is restored.

7. The control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electronic lock drive unit includes a full-bridge drive chip, the power output terminal of which is connected to the drive motor of the electronic lock. The full-bridge drive chip is configured to output a voltage of a first polarity to drive the electronic lock to lock, and to output a voltage of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity to drive the electronic lock to unlock, according to the instructions of the main controller.

8. The control system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power supply anomaly detection unit includes: A voltage divider sampling network, connected to the power grid, is used to divide the voltage of the power grid to obtain a sampling voltage; A voltage monitoring chip, connected to the voltage divider sampling network, is configured to output the power-down indication signal when the sampled voltage is lower than a preset threshold.

9. The control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The emergency energy storage unit includes: Supercapacitor module; A charging management chip, wherein the input terminal of the charging management chip is connected to the power supply terminal of the power grid, and the output terminal of the charging management chip is connected to the supercapacitor module, and is configured to charge the supercapacitor module using the electrical energy provided by the power grid when the power grid is normal; A boost converter circuit is provided, the input terminal of which is connected to the supercapacitor module, and the output terminal of which is connected to the first power supply input terminal of the electronic lock drive unit and the second power supply input terminal of the main controller, respectively. The circuit is configured to boost the voltage output by the supercapacitor module to a preset operating voltage before outputting it when the emergency energy storage unit is in the enabled state.

10. The control system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The emergency energy storage unit also includes a power supply switching circuit, which is configured as follows: When the power supply voltage of the power grid is higher than the voltage output by the supercapacitor module through the boost converter circuit, the power supply terminal of the power grid is connected to the first power supply input terminal and the second power supply input terminal respectively. When the power supply voltage of the power grid is lower than the voltage output by the supercapacitor module through the boost converter circuit, the power supply terminal of the power grid is shut off from the first power supply input terminal and the second power supply input terminal, respectively.

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