Photovoltaic flexible grounding material construction device suitable for coal mining subsidence area

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of grounding, in particular to a photovoltaic flexible grounding material construction device suitable for coal mining subsidence area, which comprises a photovoltaic flexible grounding laid in a horizontal serpentine shape; an anchoring assembly comprising an anchor column driven into a stable stratum and a connecting piece connected with the end face of the photovoltaic flexible grounding, the anchor column and the connecting piece being connected through a sensing assembly, which is used for detecting the offset angle and the axial tension of the photovoltaic flexible grounding; a deformation sensing assembly comprising a plurality of brackets uniformly arranged along the extension direction of the photovoltaic flexible grounding, the plurality of brackets being connected through connecting steel wires, each bracket being provided with a take-up mechanism, and the end portions of the connecting steel wires being wound on the take-up mechanisms; an angular deviation assembly arranged in the bracket and connected with the connecting steel wires, which is used for detecting the two-dimensional plane displacement of the connecting steel wires; and a leveling assembly comprising a plurality of monitoring pieces arranged in the connecting steel wires and a detection assembly used for detecting the relative positions of the monitoring pieces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grounding technology, specifically to a construction device for photovoltaic flexible grounding materials suitable for coal mining subsidence areas. Background Technology

[0002] As the photovoltaic power generation industry expands into complex terrains such as coal mining subsidence areas where land use efficiency is higher, the long-term operational safety of power plants faces severe challenges. The continuous and uneven dynamic subsidence of the surface in coal mining subsidence areas poses a destructive threat to the grounding system of photovoltaic power plants that cannot be addressed by traditional designs.

[0003] Currently, photovoltaic power station grounding grids commonly use rigid metal materials such as hot-dip galvanized flat steel and flat copper. While these materials perform reliably under stable geological conditions, their physical properties are fundamentally incompatible with the dynamic environment of coal mining subsidence areas. When the surface collapses, cracks, or experiences uneven settlement, the rigid grounding electrode, unable to deform accordingly, will bend or even break under soil stress, disrupting the electrical path of the grounding grid. This not only prevents effective discharge of lightning or fault currents, seriously threatening the safety of power station electrical equipment and personnel, but may also trigger secondary accidents such as high-voltage backflashover. Although the industry has developed flexible grounding materials with certain tensile and bending capabilities (such as graphite-based composite cables and rare-earth alloy stranded wires), simply replacing the material itself does not solve the problem of its scientific installation and long-term reliable operation in complex dynamic environments.

[0004] For example, patent document CN217691688U discloses a graphite flexible grounding electrode, comprising two graphite flexible grounding electrodes. The two graphite flexible grounding electrodes have a common contact component at their adjacent ends. A connecting plate is fixedly connected to one side of the contact component, and clamping components are provided on both sides of the contact component. Limiting components are provided on the opposite sides of the two clamping components. The clamping components include a fixed slot plate and an eccentric movable slot plate. The fixed slot plate is fixedly connected to the front of the connecting plate, and the eccentric movable slot plate is rotatably connected to the front of the connecting plate. This technical solution solves the problem in the prior art where connecting two sections of a graphite flexible grounding electrode requires multiple bolts, and the installation and connection of multiple sections of graphite flexible grounding electrodes is very inconvenient.

[0005] In existing technologies, connecting two sections of graphite flexible grounding electrode using clamping and limiting components can be maintained in static or stable soil environments. However, in the typical uneven and dynamic settlement environment of coal mining subsidence areas, with the continuous and differential settlement of the foundation, uncoordinated relative displacements will occur between the fixed sections of the graphite flexible grounding electrode, specifically manifested as horizontal misalignment and shearing, and vertical separation. This displacement not only causes the grounding electrode to bear additional mechanical stress at the connection point, accelerating material fatigue or damage, but more importantly, it can cause local sections of the grounding electrode to lose contact with the surrounding soil, forming "suspended sections." The suspended state drastically reduces the current dissipation area of ​​this section of the grounding electrode, significantly increases the grounding resistance, and severely hinders the discharge efficiency of lightning current and fault current. In subsidence areas with high soil resistivity, this problem will be further amplified, potentially leading to equipment damage or safety accidents in photovoltaic power plants when struck by lightning or experiencing short circuits due to substandard grounding system performance. Therefore, this application proposes a construction device for photovoltaic flexible grounding materials suitable for coal mining subsidence areas. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a construction device for photovoltaic flexible grounding materials suitable for coal mining subsidence areas, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a photovoltaic flexible grounding material construction device suitable for coal mining subsidence areas, comprising: Photovoltaic flexible grounding is laid in a horizontal serpentine shape; An anchoring assembly includes an anchor post driven into a stable stratum and a connector connected to the photovoltaic flexible grounding end face. The anchor post and the connector are connected by a sensing component, which is used to detect the offset angle and axial tension of the photovoltaic flexible grounding. A deformation sensing component includes multiple brackets evenly arranged along the extension direction of a photovoltaic flexible grounding system. The multiple brackets are connected by connecting steel wires. Each bracket is provided with a wire take-up mechanism, and the end of the connecting steel wire is wound around the wire take-up mechanism. An angular deviation component is disposed within a bracket and connected to a connecting steel wire. The angular deviation component is used to detect the two-dimensional planar displacement of the connecting steel wire. A leveling assembly includes multiple monitoring elements disposed within a connecting steel wire, and a detection assembly for detecting the relative position of each monitoring element.

[0008] Preferably, the sensing component includes a connecting rod, with a first universal joint and a second universal joint respectively provided at both ends of the connecting rod. The first universal joint is connected to the anchor post, and the second universal joint is connected to the connector. The first universal joint integrates a miniature force sensor for detecting the spatial offset angle of the connecting rod, and the second universal joint integrates an angle sensor for detecting the axial tension of the connecting rod.

[0009] Preferably, the take-up mechanism includes a take-up drum disposed within a bracket, the connecting steel wire being wound inside the take-up drum, and the bracket having an outlet on its side wall, through which the connecting steel wire passes.

[0010] Preferably, the angular deviation component includes a wire block slidably sleeved on the connecting steel wire, a scale grating fixedly connected inside the wire outlet, a reading slider slidably connected to the outer surface of the scale grating, a grating groove opened inside the reading slider, and the wire block slidably connected inside the grating groove.

[0011] Preferably, a magnetic rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bracket, and a base plate is sleeved on the magnetic rod and can slide along it. A Hall sensor is provided inside the base plate, and the Hall sensor is used to obtain the height of the base plate by sensing the relative position with the magnetic rod.

[0012] Preferably, the detection assembly includes a water storage pipe connected in series among multiple monitoring elements, the water storage pipe being filled with liquid, and a pressure sensor for detecting the water pressure inside the end face of the monitoring element being provided.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the bracket is fixedly connected to a clamp for supporting the photovoltaic flexible grounding.

[0014] Preferably, the take-up drum is equipped with an encoder for detecting the take-up and untake-up length of the connecting steel wire.

[0015] Preferably, the take-up drum has a built-in elastic reset element, which is a spiral spring.

[0016] Preferably, the take-up mechanism further includes a motor, the output end of which is connected to the take-up drum for driving it to rotate in order to take up and unwind the connecting steel wire.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The photovoltaic flexible grounding system employs a horizontal serpentine laying pattern using graphite-based composite cables. Its excellent flexibility and extensibility effectively absorb soil deformation energy, avoiding the breakage risk associated with traditional rigid grounding conductors during settlement. Anchors in the anchoring assembly penetrate deep into the stable bearing layer, providing reliable foundation support for the entire system, while the sensing components enable real-time and accurate monitoring of the grounding status. Specifically, the connecting rod, flexibly connected via a first and second universal joint, allows the photovoltaic flexible grounding system to freely adjust its posture during settlement. Simultaneously, a micro-force sensor integrated into the first universal joint accurately detects the spatial offset angle of the connecting rod, while an angle sensor integrated into the second universal joint captures changes in axial tension in real time. The data from both systems are fused to form a complete profile of the settlement status. This dual-parameter monitoring mechanism accurately distinguishes between uniform settlement and abnormal conditions: during normal uniform settlement, the angle sensor shows a slow deflection of the connecting rod while the micro-force sensor reading remains stable, indicating a safe state; when local obstruction or lateral compression occurs, the micro-force sensor reading rises sharply while the angle changes abnormally, allowing the system to provide early warning of potential risks.

[0018] 2. The brackets, evenly distributed along the photovoltaic flexible grounding system, provide flexible support through clamping blocks, ensuring stable contact with the grounding body while avoiding small-scale contact that could affect conductivity. Connecting steel wires link adjacent brackets together, working in conjunction with the take-up drum and outlet in the take-up mechanism to achieve precise guidance and length adjustment of the connecting steel wires. The angular deviation component, through the precise coordination of the wire block, reading slider, grating groove, and scale grating, can detect the two-dimensional planar displacement of the connecting steel wires in real time. This allows the system to accurately capture minute settlement differences between adjacent brackets, enabling rapid response when localized soil collapse occurs below the bracket. When the base plate sinks rapidly with the soil surface while the bracket lags behind due to the connecting steel wire's pull, the relative height detected by the Hall sensor increases sharply, immediately determining suspension and triggering an alarm. The motor mode precisely controls the rotation of the take-up drum, maintaining optimal tension in the connecting steel wires and improving settlement measurement accuracy.

[0019] 3. Multiple monitoring components installed within the connecting steel wire, along with a water storage pipe and pressure sensor arranged in series, form a highly sensitive settlement sensing network. The special liquid filling the water storage pipe, under the influence of gravity, accurately transmits height changes at each monitoring point. The pressure sensor detects changes in water pressure at the end face and, using hydrostatic formulas, can calculate the settlement of any monitoring point relative to a reference point in real time. This allows for the plotting of a continuous settlement profile curve along the photovoltaic flexible grounding line, improving measurement accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic flexible grounding structure in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting rod in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting steel wire structure in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the bracket structure in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the winding drum in this invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the encoder structure in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the water storage pipe in this invention; Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B.

[0021] In the diagram: 100, photovoltaic flexible grounding; 200, anchor post; 201, connecting rod; 202, first universal joint; 203, second universal joint; 204, angle sensor; 205, miniature force sensor; 206, connector; 300, bracket; 301, connecting wire; 302, clamp; 303, cable outlet; 304, magnet rod; 305, base plate; 306, Hall sensor; 307, reading slider; 308, wire block; 309, grating groove; 310, scale grating; 311, winding drum; 312, encoder; 400, water storage pipe; 401, monitoring component; 402, pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 10 This invention provides a technical solution: a photovoltaic flexible grounding material construction device suitable for coal mining subsidence areas, comprising a photovoltaic flexible grounding 100, which is laid in a horizontal serpentine shape. The photovoltaic flexible grounding 100 is constructed as a graphite-based composite cable, composed of highly conductive graphite fibers and an elastomer matrix, possessing excellent flexibility and conductivity. Its horizontal laying and serpentine shape allow for expansion and contraction, effectively resisting soil deformation and settlement, and ensuring a stable grounding effect.

[0024] Anchoring components are installed at both ends or key turning points of the grounding grid. These components include anchor posts 200, which ensure that their bottoms are anchored to a stable bearing layer below the depth of settlement influence, and connectors 206 that connect to the end face of the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100. The anchor posts 200 and connectors 206 are connected by sensing components. The sensing components are used to detect the offset angle and axial tension of the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100. By setting the anchoring components, the two ends of the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100 can be supported and fixed, providing them with stable support force. The sensing components can be used to detect the settlement of the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100.

[0025] Furthermore, the sensing component includes a connecting rod 201, with a first universal joint 202 and a second universal joint 203 respectively provided at both ends of the connecting rod 201. The first universal joint 202 is connected to the anchor post 200, and the second universal joint 203 is connected to the connector 206. The first universal joint 202 integrates a miniature force sensor 205 for detecting the spatial offset angle of the connecting rod 201, and the second universal joint 203 integrates an angle sensor 204 for detecting the axial tensile force of the connecting rod 201. The anchor post 200 and the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100 are connected by the connecting rod 201. The second universal joint 203 and the miniature force sensor 205 allow the connecting rod 201 to freely change to use different angle changes. The miniature force sensor 205 determines the settlement pressure of the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100 by detecting the torque on the connecting steel wire 301, while the angle sensor 204 detects the angle change of the connecting rod 201 to know the settlement position of the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100.

[0026] When the end of the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100 shifts due to soil settlement, the attitude of the connecting rod 201 changes accordingly. The angle sensor 204, integrated within the first universal joint 202, measures its pitch and yaw angles in real time. For example, if the angle continuously increases in a certain direction, it indicates that the end is being continuously pulled.

[0027] Meanwhile, the tension or pressure applied to the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100 by the connecting rod 201 is captured by the miniature force sensor 205 integrated in the second universal joint 203. The tension value is a key indicator for determining whether the grounding electrode has been excessively stretched or compressed.

[0028] Data fusion example: In the initial stage of uniform settlement, angle sensor 204 shows that connecting rod 201 slowly deflects towards the settlement side, while the reading of micro force sensor 205 remains stable or only slightly increases. The data processing unit interprets this as "the grounding electrode is settling normally with the soil, and the stress state is stable." If the reading of micro force sensor 205 increases sharply while the angle change is small, it may indicate that the grounding electrode section is locally stuck or subjected to lateral compression.

[0029] Specifically, in use, the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100 is first made into a horizontal snake shape and laid horizontally in the soil. Before laying, the anchor column 200 is inserted into the soil, and it needs to be driven into a stable bearing layer below the depth of settlement influence. The lower end of the connecting rod 201 is connected to the top of the anchor column 200 through the first universal joint 202, and the upper end of the connecting rod 201 is connected to the connector 206 through the second universal joint 203. The connector 206 is connected to the end face of the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100. The first universal joint 202 is equipped with a miniature force sensor 205 to detect the offset angle of the connecting rod 201, and the second universal joint 203 is equipped with an angle sensor 204 to detect the tension on the connecting rod 201.

[0030] In summary, the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100 employs a horizontal serpentine laying method using graphite-based composite cables. Its excellent flexibility and extensibility effectively absorb soil deformation energy, avoiding the breakage risk associated with traditional rigid grounding electrodes during settlement. The anchoring components, including the anchor 200, penetrate deep into the stable bearing layer, providing reliable foundation support for the entire system. The sensing components enable real-time and accurate monitoring of the grounding status. Specifically, the connecting rod 201, flexibly connected via the first universal joint 202 and the second universal joint 203, allows the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100 to freely adjust its posture during settlement. Simultaneously, the miniature force sensor 205 integrated within the first universal joint 202 accurately detects the spatial offset angle of the connecting rod 201, while the angle sensor 204 integrated within the second universal joint 203 captures changes in axial tension in real time. The data from both components are fused to form a complete profile of the settlement status. This dual-parameter monitoring mechanism can accurately distinguish between uniform settlement and abnormal conditions: during normal uniform settlement, the angle sensor 204 shows that the connecting rod 201 deflects slowly while the reading of the micro force sensor 205 is stable, and the system determines that it is in a safe state; when local jamming or lateral compression occurs, the reading of the micro force sensor 205 rises sharply and the angle changes abnormally, and the system can warn of potential risks in advance.

[0031] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 10 The present invention also provides a technical solution, which differs from the technical solution of embodiment one as follows: The deformation sensing component includes multiple brackets 300 evenly arranged along the extension direction of the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100. A clamping block 302 for supporting the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100 is fixedly connected to the top of each bracket 300. The multiple brackets 300 are connected by connecting steel wires 301. Each bracket 300 is equipped with a winding mechanism, and the end of the connecting steel wire 301 is wound around the winding mechanism. The winding mechanism includes a winding drum 311 disposed within the bracket 300, and the connecting steel wire 301 is wound around the winding drum. Inside the wire reel 311, the bracket 300 has a wire outlet 303 on its side wall, and the connecting steel wire 301 passes through the wire outlet 303. The photovoltaic flexible grounding 100 can be supported by the clamp 302. At the same time, a small amount of contact with the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100 will not affect its grounding effect. The wire take-up mechanism can effectively release and tighten the connecting steel wire 301. The take-up reel 311 is wound with a sufficient amount of connecting steel wire 301, and the wire outlet 303 can guide the connecting steel wire 301.

[0032] An angular deviation component is installed inside the bracket 300 and connected to the connecting steel wire 301. The angular deviation component is used to detect the two-dimensional planar displacement of the connecting steel wire 301. The angular deviation component includes a wire block 308 slidably sleeved on the connecting steel wire 301, a scale grating 310 fixedly connected inside the outlet 303, a reading slider 307 slidably connected to the outer surface of the scale grating 310, and a grating groove 309 opened inside the reading slider 307. The wire block 308 is slidably connected inside the grating groove 309. By setting the angular deviation component, the angle of the connecting steel wire 301 passing through the outlet 303 can be detected. When the angle of the connecting steel wire 301 changes, it will be detected by the angular deviation component. The cooperation between the wire block 308 and the grating groove 309 can detect the lateral angular deviation of the connecting steel wire 301, while the cooperation between the reading slider 307 and the scale grating 310 can detect the longitudinal angular deviation of the connecting steel wire 301.

[0033] The angle deviation component connected to both ends of the connecting steel wire 301 can detect the tilt angle of the connecting steel wire 301, and thus determine the settlement difference of the brackets 300 at both ends.

[0034] Specifically, when the two brackets 300 experience relative settlement (ΔH) and horizontal displacement (ΔL), the shape of the connecting wire 301 changes, the wire block 308 moves within the grating groove 309, and the reading slider 307 moves on the scale grating 310.

[0035] The scales on the grating groove 309 and the scale grating 310 directly output the two-dimensional displacement coordinates (ΔL) and (ΔH) of the line block 308.

[0036] At the same time, the encoder 312 on the take-up drum 311 records the change in length (ΔS) of the connecting wire 301 being pulled out in real time. (ΔS) should match the change in chord length calculated by two-dimensional displacement. The data processing unit will continuously compare (ΔS) with the calculated value.

[0037] Furthermore, a magnetic rod 304 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bracket 300, and a base plate 305 is sleeved on the magnetic rod 304 and can slide along it. A Hall sensor 306 is installed inside the base plate 305. The Hall sensor 306 is used to obtain the height of the base plate 305 by sensing the relative position with the magnetic rod 304. When the bracket 300 settles uniformly, it will drive the base plate 305 to move with it. At this time, the distance between the base plate 305 and the bracket 300 should be the same. However, when the sliding distance of the Hall sensor 306 on the magnetic rod 304 is greater than the settlement distance of the bracket 300, the distance between the base plate 305 and the bracket 300 will increase. This indicates that there is a suspended state below the bracket 300, which may cause this section of photovoltaic flexible grounding 100 to be in an overhead state.

[0038] Under normal circumstances, the bracket 300 and the base plate 305 settle together with the soil, and the relative height H_hall between the two detected by the Hall sensor 306 remains constant.

[0039] When the soil beneath the bracket 300 experiences rapid localized erosion or collapse, the base plate 305 will sink rapidly with the soil surface. However, the bracket 300, due to the traction of the connecting steel wire 301, will sink later. At this time, the H_hall value detected by the Hall sensor 306 will increase sharply. For example, if H_hall increases from a normal contact state of 10mm to 80mm within 1 hour, the system will immediately determine that the point is "suspended" and trigger the highest level alarm.

[0040] Preferably, the take-up mechanism also includes a motor, the output end of which is connected to the take-up drum 311 for driving its rotation to take up and unwind the connecting steel wire 301. The take-up drum 311 is equipped with an encoder 312 for detecting the length of the connecting steel wire 301. By further configuration, the motor can automatically interfere with the take-up of the take-up drum 311 and effectively stretch the connecting steel wire 301 to keep it in a taut state, thereby more accurately judging the height difference between two adjacent brackets 300. The encoder 312 can determine the length of the connecting steel wire 301 and thus determine the change in the distance difference between two adjacent brackets 300.

[0041] As another implementation, the take-up drum 311 has a built-in elastic reset element, which is a spiral spring. Alternatively, a spiral spring can be installed in the take-up drum 311 to provide continuous tension to the connecting steel wire 301 and keep it at a certain tension.

[0042] Furthermore, a connecting steel wire 301 can be extended from the bracket 300 located at the edge and connected to the anchor post 200. At this time, taking the bracket 300 at the edge as the reference plane, the settlement change of the edge bracket 300 connected to it can be known by judging the angle change of this connecting steel wire 301. Then, the height position of each bracket 300 can be determined by the angle change of the connecting steel wires 301 between all subsequent brackets 300. At the same time, the bottom plate 305 of each bracket 300 obtains its own position through the Hall sensor 306, thereby determining whether there is any suspension below each bracket 300.

[0043] Among them, when the tension of the connecting rod 201 increases slightly by less than 20N and the bracket 300 settles uniformly with a settlement difference of less than 2mm between adjacent brackets, it indicates that it is adapting to uniform settlement normally and no intervention is required. When the tension of connecting rod 201 increases sharply by 50N and bracket 300 shows a sudden change in local elevation, and the settlement difference between adjacent brackets is >5mm, the system has encountered uneven settlement or external force damage and needs to be inspected urgently. When the distance between the base plate 305 and the bracket 300 increases by more than 8mm, it is judged to be in a suspended state and needs to be adjusted immediately.

[0044] Specifically, the two ends of the connecting steel wire 301 are positioned between two take-up drums 311, and the take-up drums 311 are located inside the bracket 300. When two adjacent brackets 300 experience different degrees of settlement, the connection angle of the connecting steel wire 301 will change. At this time, the outer surface of the connecting steel wire 301 located inside the outlet 303 will be pulled by the offset angle. Since the connecting steel wire 301 passes through the wire block 308, it will cause the wire block 308 to move. The wire block 308 is slidably connected to the reading. Inside the slider 307, the grating groove 309 detects the lateral sliding distance of the line block 308, while the reading slider 307 is slidably connected to the scale grating 310. The vertical sliding distance of the line block 308 is known by the cooperation between the reading slider 307 and the scale grating 310, thereby determining the settlement of each section of the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100. The encoder 312 built into the winding drum 311 can know the length of the released connecting wire 301, thereby determining the changes in the angle and length of the connecting wire 301.

[0045] In summary, the brackets 300, evenly distributed along the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100, provide flexible support through clamps 302, ensuring stable contact of the grounding body while avoiding small-scale contact that could affect conductivity. Connecting wires 301 connect adjacent brackets 300 to each other, and in conjunction with the take-up drum 311 and outlet 303 in the take-up mechanism, achieve precise guidance and length adjustment of the connecting wires 301. The angular deviation component, through the precise cooperation of the line block 308, reading slider 307, grating groove 309, and scale grating 310, can detect the two-dimensional planar displacement of the connecting wires 301 in real time. The measurement accuracy of lateral and longitudinal angular deviations reaches ±0.01mm, enabling the system to accurately capture minute settlement differences between adjacent brackets 300. When the two brackets 300 experience relative settlement (ΔH) or horizontal displacement (ΔL), the wire block 308 moves within the grating groove 309, and the reading slider 307 slides synchronously on the scale grating 310, directly outputting precise two-dimensional displacement coordinates. Simultaneously, the encoder 312 within the take-up drum 311 records the change in length (ΔS) of the connecting wire 301 in real time. The data processing unit verifies the reliability of the settlement data by comparing the measured (ΔS) with the theoretical calculation value. In particular, the suspension detection system composed of the magnet rod 304, the base plate 305, and the Hall sensor 306 can respond quickly when local collapse occurs in the soil below the bracket 300. When the base plate 305 sinks rapidly with the soil surface while the bracket 300 sinks lagging behind due to the pull of the connecting wire 301, the relative height detected by the Hall sensor 306 will increase sharply. The system immediately determines that it is suspended and triggers an alarm. In motor mode, the rotation of the take-up drum 311 can be precisely controlled to maintain the optimal tension of the connecting wire 301, improving the accuracy of settlement measurement.

[0046] Example 3, please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 10 Since the spacing of the brackets 300 is limited, in order to further refine the changes in soil layers, the present invention also provides a technical solution, which differs from the technical solution of Embodiment 1 as follows: The leveling assembly includes a plurality of monitoring elements 401 disposed within a connecting wire 301, and a detection assembly for detecting the relative position of each monitoring element 401.

[0047] The detection component includes a water storage pipe 400 connected in series among multiple monitoring elements 401. The water storage pipe 400 is filled with liquid, and a pressure sensor 402 for detecting the water pressure inside the end face of the monitoring element 401 is provided on the end face of the monitoring element 401.

[0048] In the initial state, the connecting steel wire 301 is horizontal. At this time, the pressure detected by each pressure sensor 402 of the multiple series-connected water storage pipes 400 is consistent. However, as the soil layer changes, the height difference of each monitoring element 401 will be generated. Under the action of gravity, the flow direction of the liquid in the water storage pipe 400 will be changed, thereby changing the pressure data detected by each pressure sensor 402, thus determining the height difference of each monitoring element 401.

[0049] According to the hydrostatic formula P=ρgh, where h is the depth from the liquid surface to the sensor, let the pressure at the reference point, such as an anchor post, be P0. Then, the settlement (ΔH)_i at any monitoring point i is (P_i-P0) / ρg. Therefore, the system can plot a continuous settlement profile curve with millimeter-level accuracy along the 100mm diameter photovoltaic flexible grounding system.

[0050] Condition A: Uniform settlement All pressure sensor 402 readings show a synchronous, slow, linear growth trend, and the calculated overall (ΔH) curve shifts upwards gently.

[0051] The relative settlement difference (ΔH)_n between adjacent brackets 300 measured by each pressure sensor 402 is approximately 0. The length of the connecting steel wire 301 shows no significant change based on the encoder 312 reading.

[0052] The angle of the connecting rod 201 changes slowly, and the reading of the miniature force sensor 205 remains stable.

[0053] Diagnosis: The entire line is undergoing uniform settlement, with coordinated deformation, no localized stress concentration, and the system is healthy. No maintenance intervention is required.

[0054] Condition B: Local soil collapse leads to suspension. If the pressure value Pi of pressure sensor 402 at a certain monitoring point increases abruptly, but the pressure value of pressure sensor 402 at adjacent points changes slowly, it indicates that the monitoring point is rapidly sinking.

[0055] The Hall sensor 306 at the bottom of a bracket 300 showed a sharp increase in reading to the alarm threshold >50mm. The planar displacement module indicated a large settlement difference between adjacent brackets 300.

[0056] The readings of the miniature force sensor 205 at the relevant end may fluctuate slightly.

[0057] Diagnosis: Rapid settlement occurred at the monitoring point, and the bottom of bracket 300 was suspended in the air. The grounding electrode in this section has poor contact with the soil, and the grounding resistance is at risk of deterioration. The system accurately located the suspended position and recommended pressure grouting to fill the area.

[0058] Operating Condition C: Sensor Fault Identification Suppose that the connecting steel wire 301 is hit by a falling rock at some point, causing it to be permanently bent.

[0059] The two-dimensional displacement data output by the pressure sensor 402 is severely discontinuous with the data of the preceding and following segments, and is also significantly inconsistent with the length change (ΔS) calculated by the encoder 312.

[0060] Regional pressure data show stable and continuous changes.

[0061] Diagnosis: The data of this leveling component is abnormal and contradicts the rest of the data. It is suspected that the module is mechanically damaged or malfunctioning. Repair is notified.

[0062] Specifically, multiple monitoring elements 401 are installed inside the connecting steel wire 301 and laid between two adjacent brackets 300. They are evenly distributed, and a water storage pipe 400 is set between the multiple monitoring elements 401. The water storage pipe 400 stores liquid. When the multiple water storage pipes 400 are subjected to different levels of pressure, they will create a height difference, which will change the angle of the water storage pipe 400. Pressure sensors 402 are set at both ends of the monitoring elements 401 to detect the pressure in the water storage pipe 400, thereby determining whether the monitoring element 401 connected to it is at a high or low position.

[0063] In summary, the multiple monitoring components 401 installed within the connecting steel wire 301, together with the water storage pipe 400 and pressure sensor 402 arranged in series, constitute a highly sensitive settlement sensing network. The special liquid filling the water storage pipe 400, under the influence of gravity, can accurately transmit the height changes of each monitoring point. The pressure sensor 402, by detecting changes in water pressure at its end face and combining this with the hydrostatic formula P=ρgh, can calculate the settlement of any monitoring point relative to a reference point in real time, thereby plotting a continuous settlement profile curve along the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100 line and improving measurement accuracy.

[0064] Working principle: When in use, the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100 is first made into a horizontal snake shape and then laid horizontally in the soil. Before laying, the anchor column 200 is inserted into the soil layer. It needs to be driven into a stable bearing layer below the settlement influence depth. The lower end of the connecting rod 201 is connected to the top of the anchor column 200 through the first universal joint 202, and the upper end of the connecting rod 201 is connected to the connector 206 through the second universal joint 203. The connector 206 is connected to the end face of the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100. The first universal joint 202 is equipped with a miniature force sensor 205 to detect the offset angle of the connecting rod 201, and the second universal joint 203 is equipped with an angle sensor 204 to detect the tension force on the connecting rod 201. Multiple brackets 300 are evenly arranged on the same vertical plane of the anchor column 200 to support the bottom of the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100. The multiple brackets 300 are connected by connecting steel wires 301. The bottom of the bracket 300 is vertically connected to the magnet rod 304, and the outer surface of the magnet rod 304 is slidably connected to the base plate 305. A Hall sensor 306 is installed in the base plate 305 to detect its position on the surface of the magnet rod 304. By judging the position change of the base plate 305, the relative displacement difference between it and the bracket 300 settlement can be known, and then it can be determined whether the soil layer under the bracket 300 has collapsed and is suspended. The two ends of the connecting wire 301 are set between two take-up drums 311, and the take-up drums 311 are set inside the bracket 300. When the two adjacent brackets 300 settle to different degrees, the connection angle of the connecting wire 301 will change. At this time, the outer surface of the connecting wire 301 located in the outlet 303 will be pulled by the offset angle. Since the connecting wire 301 passes through the wire block 308, it will drive the wire block 308 to move. The wire block 308 is slidably connected in the reading slider 307. The lateral sliding distance of the wire block 308 is detected by the grating groove 309. The reading slider 307 is slidably connected in the scale grating 310. The vertical sliding distance of the wire block 308 is known by the cooperation of the reading slider 307 and the scale grating 310. Thus, the settlement of each section of the photovoltaic flexible grounding 100 can be determined. The encoder 312 built into the take-up drum 311 can know the length of the released connecting wire 301, thereby determining the change in the angle and length of the connecting wire 301. Meanwhile, multiple monitoring elements 401 are installed inside the connecting steel wire 301 and laid between two adjacent brackets 300. They are evenly distributed, and a water storage pipe 400 is set between the multiple monitoring elements 401. The water storage pipe 400 stores liquid. When the multiple water storage pipes 400 are subjected to different degrees of pressure, they will produce a height difference, which will change the angle of the water storage pipe 400. Pressure sensors 402 are set at both ends of the monitoring element 401 to detect the pressure in the water storage pipe 400, thereby determining whether the monitoring element 401 connected to it is at a high or low position.

[0065] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0066] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A construction device for photovoltaic flexible grounding materials suitable for coal mining subsidence areas, characterized in that, include: Photovoltaic flexible grounding (100) is laid in a horizontal serpentine shape; An anchoring assembly includes an anchor post (200) driven into a stable stratum and a connector (206) connected to the end face of a photovoltaic flexible grounding (100). The anchor post (200) and the connector (206) are connected by a sensing component, which is used to detect the offset angle and axial tension of the photovoltaic flexible grounding (100). The deformation sensing component includes a plurality of brackets (300) evenly arranged along the extension direction of the photovoltaic flexible grounding (100), the plurality of brackets (300) being connected by connecting steel wires (301), each bracket (300) having a take-up mechanism, the end of the connecting steel wire (301) being wound around the take-up mechanism; An angular deviation component is provided inside a bracket (300) and connected to a connecting steel wire (301). The angular deviation component is used to detect the two-dimensional planar displacement of the connecting steel wire (301). A leveling assembly includes a plurality of monitoring elements (401) disposed within a connecting wire (301), and a detection assembly for detecting the relative position of each monitoring element (401); The sensing component includes a connecting rod (201), with a first universal joint (202) and a second universal joint (203) respectively provided at both ends of the connecting rod (201). The first universal joint (202) is connected to the anchor (200), and the second universal joint (203) is connected to the connector (206). The first universal joint (202) integrates a miniature force sensor (205) for detecting the spatial offset angle of the connecting rod (201), and the second universal joint (203) integrates an angle sensor (204) for detecting the axial tension of the connecting rod (201). The take-up mechanism includes a take-up drum (311) disposed in a bracket (300), the connecting wire (301) is wound inside the take-up drum (311), the bracket (300) has a wire outlet (303) on its side wall, and the connecting wire (301) passes through the wire outlet (303). The angular deviation component includes a wire block (308) slidably sleeved on the connecting steel wire (301), a scale grating (310) fixedly connected in the outlet (303), a reading slider (307) slidably connected to the outer surface of the scale grating (310), a grating groove (309) opened in the reading slider (307), and the wire block (308) slidably connected in the grating groove (309).

2. The photovoltaic flexible grounding material construction device suitable for coal mining subsidence areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: A magnetic rod (304) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bracket (300), and a base plate (305) is sleeved on the magnetic rod (304) and can slide along it. A Hall sensor (306) is provided inside the base plate (305). The Hall sensor (306) is used to obtain the height of the base plate (305) by sensing the relative position with the magnetic rod (304).

3. The photovoltaic flexible grounding material construction device applicable to coal mining subsidence areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection assembly includes a water storage pipe (400) arranged in series between multiple monitoring elements (401), the water storage pipe (400) is filled with liquid, and a pressure sensor (402) for detecting the water pressure in the end face of the monitoring element (401) is provided on the end face of the monitoring element (401).

4. The photovoltaic flexible grounding material construction device suitable for coal mining subsidence areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the bracket (300) is fixedly connected to a clamp (302) for supporting the photovoltaic flexible grounding (100).

5. The photovoltaic flexible grounding material construction device suitable for coal mining subsidence areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The take-up drum (311) is equipped with an encoder (312) for detecting the take-up and untake-up length of the connecting steel wire (301).

6. The photovoltaic flexible grounding material construction device applicable to coal mining subsidence areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The take-up drum (311) has a built-in elastic reset element, which is a spiral spring.

7. The photovoltaic flexible grounding material construction device suitable for coal mining subsidence areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The take-up mechanism also includes a motor, the output end of which is connected to the take-up drum (311) for driving it to rotate in order to take up and unwind the connecting steel wire (301).

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