A new energy vehicle thermal management component protocol identification and adaptation method and system based on operating characteristic fingerprints

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and system for protocol identification and adaptation of thermal management components in new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints, belonging to the field of new energy vehicle control and protocol identification technology. The method includes: collecting communication message data and operational status data of the target thermal management component within a preset collection time window; extracting message identifier features, message periodic features, and data bit change features, and using the sending time of control-related messages as a trigger benchmark, extracting operational status change features within a preset response time window to form operational response association features; constructing an operational feature fingerprint based on the features; performing candidate admission screening and conflict resolution-based fine matching between the operational feature fingerprint and multiple protocol fingerprint templates in a preset protocol fingerprint library; and outputting a message parsing rule set, a control parameter mapping table, or an adaptation configuration file based on the matching degree or confidence level and consistency verification results. This invention can improve the efficiency of protocol identification, adaptation accuracy, and aftermarket application security of thermal management components in new energy vehicles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy vehicle control and protocol identification technology, and in particular to a method and system for identifying and adapting protocols of new energy vehicle thermal management components based on operational feature fingerprints. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth in the number of new energy vehicles, the demand for repair, replacement, and compatibility adaptation of thermal management components such as electric compressors, PTC heaters, electronic water pumps, and fan controllers in the new energy vehicle aftermarket is constantly increasing. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, the control method of the thermal management system of new energy vehicles relies more on electronic controllers and communication protocols. Related components usually need to interact with the vehicle control system or dedicated controller through communication methods such as CAN, LIN, UART, and RS485 in order to operate normally.

[0003] Existing thermal management components for new energy vehicles typically employ different communication protocols, control logic, and parameter mapping methods across different brands, models, and control platforms. Even components with similar functions may exhibit significant differences in communication message identifiers, message cycles, data bit definitions, startup control methods, and status feedback methods. In aftermarket repair and adaptation scenarios, repair personnel or adaptation engineers often need to analyze communication messages and operational characteristics of components from different brands or models one by one, relying on experience for manual judgment and repeated debugging, resulting in low identification efficiency, long adaptation cycles, and high trial-and-error costs.

[0004] In existing technologies, most adaptation methods for thermal management components in new energy vehicles still rely on manual experience-based identification, single message analysis, or fixed protocol matching. These methods typically suffer from the following shortcomings: First, relying solely on a single message identifier or a few static parameters makes it difficult to address complex protocol differences under varying operating conditions. Second, they lack comprehensive analysis of the correlation between control messages and physical operational responses, making it difficult to accurately distinguish between similar protocols or components. Third, they lack a universal identification and adaptation mechanism for aftermarket scenarios, making it difficult to balance identification efficiency, accuracy, and adaptability. Fourth, they fail to provide a reusable data foundation for subsequent protocol expansion, vehicle model expansion, data accumulation, and intelligent diagnostics. Fifth, in incorrect adaptation scenarios, the lack of a restriction mechanism for adaptation configuration output can easily lead to erroneous control mappings directly entering the execution chain.

[0005] Especially in aftermarket scenarios involving rapid replacement and compatibility adaptation, traditional methods relying on manual testing and message analysis are insufficient for large-scale applications, especially when dealing with thermal management components that are complex in origin, have closed protocols, and lack complete documentation. Without quickly identifying the protocol type, communication characteristics, and compatibility category of the target thermal management component, it becomes difficult to complete subsequent protocol calls, parameter matching, control execution, and fault diagnosis.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method and system that can automatically identify the protocols of thermal management components of new energy vehicles based on the characteristics of communication messages and the correlation characteristics of operating behavior, and output the adaptation results, so as to improve the protocol identification efficiency, identification accuracy, adaptation execution security and aftermarket application universality. Summary of the Invention

[0007] (a) Purpose of the invention The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for identifying and adapting protocols of thermal management components in new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints. This addresses the problems in existing technologies, such as reliance on human experience for protocol identification of thermal management components in new energy vehicles, low identification efficiency, insufficient adaptation accuracy, high risk of misadaptation, and poor versatility. This improves the protocol identification efficiency, adaptation accuracy, engineering practicality, and execution security of multi-brand and multi-model thermal management components in aftermarket applications.

[0008] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for protocol identification and adaptation of thermal management components in new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints includes the following steps: S1. Collect communication message data and operating status data of the target thermal management component within a preset collection time window; S2. Extract message identifier features, message period features and data bit change features based on the communication message data, and extract the operating status change features of the target thermal management component within a preset response time window, using the sending time of the control related message as the triggering benchmark, so as to form operating response correlation features. S3. Construct the operational feature fingerprint of the target thermal management component based on the message identification feature, the message periodicity feature, the data bit change feature, and the operational response association feature; S4. Perform a two-stage matching between the operation feature fingerprint and multiple protocol fingerprint templates in the preset protocol fingerprint library. In the first stage, candidate admission screening of the protocol fingerprint templates is performed based on message identification features and message period features. In the second stage, a conflict-decision-based fine matching is performed on the candidate protocol fingerprint templates based on data bit change features and operation response association features. S5. Calculate the matching degree or confidence degree corresponding to each candidate protocol fingerprint template based on the matching results of the second stage, and perform consistency verification on the key control fields and key feedback fields in the control parameter mapping relationship. Determine the target protocol type, component category or adaptation category corresponding to the target thermal management component based on the preset judgment threshold and the consistency verification results. S6. When the matching degree or confidence degree reaches the preset execution threshold and the consistency verification passes, output the message parsing rule set, control parameter mapping table or adaptation configuration file corresponding to the target thermal management component; when the matching degree or confidence degree is lower than the preset execution threshold or the consistency verification fails, only output the adaptation result to be confirmed, the candidate adaptation category, the unknown protocol identifier or the manual confirmation prompt.

[0009] Furthermore, the thermal management component includes one or more of an electric compressor, a PTC heater, an electric water pump, and a fan controller.

[0010] Furthermore, the communication message data includes one or more of the following: communication message identifier, message transmission period, message transmission direction, data area byte content, and relationship between request and response messages; the operating status data includes one or more of the following: start / stop status, speed, current, voltage, temperature, and fault feedback status.

[0011] Furthermore, the message identification features include one or more of the following: a set of communication message identifiers, identifier frequency, correspondence between request and response messages, and message sending direction.

[0012] Furthermore, the message periodic characteristics include one or more of the following: message transmission period value, periodic fluctuation range, periodic combination relationship or time sequence distribution relationship among multiple messages.

[0013] Furthermore, the data bit change characteristics include one or more of the following: the change amplitude, change direction, change frequency, change timing relationship, or combination change relationship of at least some data bits in the data area.

[0014] Furthermore, the operational response correlation features include one or more of the following: time correlation features between start control related messages and start response; time correlation features between stop control related messages and stop response; correlation features between speed control related messages and speed change; correlation features between current change and control message change; correlation features between voltage change and control message change; correlation features between temperature change and control message change; and correlation features between fault feedback messages and abnormal operating states. The operational response correlation features are generated from state change data within a preset response time window after the control related messages are triggered.

[0015] Furthermore, the operational feature fingerprint is a combined feature set reflecting the communication features and operational behavior association features of the target thermal management component. The combined feature set includes at least two types of communication features and at least one type of operational response association feature, or it is a structured feature vector formed by encoding, normalizing, or weighting the combined feature set.

[0016] Furthermore, the protocol fingerprint library pre-stores protocol fingerprint templates for multiple thermal management components, as well as the protocol type, message parsing rule set, control parameter mapping table, component adaptation category or adaptation configuration file corresponding to each protocol fingerprint template; the protocol fingerprint template includes at least a communication feature template layer and a runtime response association template layer.

[0017] Furthermore, the two-stage matching includes: firstly, candidate admission screening of multiple protocol fingerprint templates in the protocol fingerprint database based on message identification features and message periodic features to obtain a set of candidate protocol fingerprint templates; then, conflict-decision-based fine matching of the set of candidate protocol fingerprint templates based on data bit change features and runtime response association features, and determining the final matching result through one or more of similarity calculation, feature weight comparison, threshold determination, candidate sorting, or multiple rounds of screening; when no candidate protocol fingerprint template that meets the preset admission conditions is obtained in the first stage, the output of the final adaptation configuration file is stopped.

[0018] Furthermore, when the matching results of multiple candidate protocol fingerprint templates all meet the preset conditions, the consistency of key operational response association features and key control field mapping corresponding to each candidate protocol fingerprint template is further compared to determine the final adaptation result; when a unique final adaptation result cannot be determined, only the candidate adaptation category, the adaptation result to be confirmed, or the manual confirmation prompt is output.

[0019] Furthermore, the determination of the matching degree or confidence degree adopts a hierarchical threshold mechanism, including a candidate identification threshold and an execution output threshold. When the matching result reaches the candidate identification threshold but does not reach the execution output threshold, only the candidate adaptation category or the adaptation result to be confirmed is output. When the matching result reaches the execution output threshold and the consistency verification passes, the message parsing rule set, control parameter mapping table or adaptation configuration file is output.

[0020] This invention also provides a protocol identification and adaptation system for thermal management components of new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints, comprising: Data acquisition module Feature extraction module Fingerprint building module Protocol matching module Verification and judgment module Adaptor output module; The data acquisition module is used to collect communication message data and operating status data of the target thermal management component within a preset acquisition time window; the feature extraction module is used to extract message identification features, message period features, and data bit change features, and extract operating response association features within a preset response time window, using the sending time of control-related messages as a trigger benchmark; the fingerprint construction module is used to construct the operating feature fingerprint of the target thermal management component based on the extracted features; the protocol matching module is used to perform a two-stage matching between the operating feature fingerprint and multiple protocol fingerprint templates in a preset protocol fingerprint library, wherein the first stage is used for candidate admission screening based on message identification features and message period features. The second stage is used for fine-grained matching based on data bit change characteristics and operational response correlation characteristics; the verification and judgment module is used to calculate the matching degree or confidence level based on the matching results, and to perform consistency verification on key control fields and key feedback fields to determine the target protocol type, component category or adaptation category corresponding to the target thermal management component; the adaptation output module is used to output the message parsing rule set, control parameter mapping table or adaptation configuration file when the matching degree or confidence level reaches the preset execution threshold and the consistency verification passes, and output the adaptation result to be confirmed, candidate adaptation category, unknown protocol identifier or manual confirmation prompt when the matching degree or confidence level is lower than the preset execution threshold or the consistency verification fails.

[0021] Furthermore, the system also includes a protocol fingerprint library storage module for storing protocol fingerprint templates and their adaptation information corresponding to multiple different thermal management components.

[0022] Furthermore, the system also includes a result caching module for caching the fingerprint data of the target thermal management component that has been successfully matched and the corresponding adaptation results, so as to allow for subsequent repeated identification or quick retrieval.

[0023] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention uses the sending time of control-related messages as a triggering benchmark and extracts the operating status change features within a preset response time window. It can align and analyze communication behavior with the physical operating response of the target thermal management component. Compared with identification methods that rely solely on static message identifiers or single state parameters, it can improve the accuracy and distinguishability of protocol identification.

[0024] 2. This invention divides the protocol identification process into two stages: candidate admission screening and conflict resolution fine matching. This first narrows down the range of candidate protocol templates, and then uses the associated features of the running response to distinguish similar protocol templates, thereby improving the efficiency of protocol identification and the reliability of identification in complex scenarios.

[0025] 3. This invention reduces the risk of direct output of incorrect adaptation configurations and improves the security of post-market adaptation execution by adding consistency verification of key control fields and key feedback fields on the basis of matching degree or confidence degree determination, and adopting a hierarchical threshold mechanism that combines candidate identification threshold and execution output threshold.

[0026] 4. The output objects of this invention are message parsing rule sets, control parameter mapping tables, or adaptation configuration files, which can be directly used for subsequent controller calls, protocol loading, parameter mapping, or adaptation execution, and have strong engineering feasibility.

[0027] 5. The operational feature fingerprint and its associated template structure constructed by this invention can not only be used for protocol identification and adaptation, but also serve as the data foundation for subsequent protocol extension, vehicle model extension, control optimization, fault identification and intelligent diagnosis, and has good scalability and platform value. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the protocol identification and adaptation method for thermal management components of new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the protocol identification and adaptation system for thermal management components of new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints, as described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0031] Implementation Method 1: Method Implementation like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for identifying and adapting protocols of thermal management components in new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints, which mainly includes the following steps.

[0032] S1. Collect communication message data and operating status data of the target thermal management component within a preset collection time window. In this embodiment, the target thermal management component can be one or more components in the thermal management system of a new energy vehicle, such as an electric compressor, PTC heater, electric water pump, and fan controller. Data acquisition can be completed through a controller communication interface, data acquisition equipment, test bench, or vehicle-side communication interface.

[0033] The collected communication message data may include: message identifier, transmission direction, transmission period, data area byte content, relationship between request and response messages, etc. The collected operating status data may include: component start-up status, shutdown status, speed value, current value, voltage value, temperature value, fault status or feedback status, etc.

[0034] In practical applications, the above data can be continuously collected within a preset acquisition time window to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the target thermal management component under different operating stages, and to provide basic data for subsequent triggering timing analysis and response window analysis.

[0035] S2. Extract message identifier features, message periodic features, and data bit change features, and extract runtime response correlation features within a preset response time window. After obtaining the communication message data, the communication messages corresponding to the target thermal management component are analyzed and processed to extract at least the following three types of communication features: 1. Message identification characteristics: including the set of message identifiers involved in the operation of the target thermal management component, the frequency of occurrence of each identifier, the direction of message transmission and reception, and the correspondence between request messages and response messages; 2. Message periodic characteristics: including the sending period of various types of messages, the range of periodic variation, the periodic combination relationship between multiple messages, and the periodic distribution characteristics, etc. 3. Data bit change characteristics: including the magnitude, direction, frequency, bit flipping rules, and data change patterns of at least some bytes or bits in the data area, as well as the data change patterns under different operating stages.

[0036] In addition to the communication features mentioned above, this embodiment also extracts operational response correlation features between changes in communication messages and the actual operating results of the target thermal management component. Specifically, the sending time of the control-related message is used as the triggering benchmark, and operational status change data of the target thermal management component is collected within a preset response time window after triggering to form operational response correlation features.

[0037] The operational response association features may include: (1) The time correlation characteristics between start control related messages and start response; (2) The time correlation characteristics between shutdown control related messages and shutdown response; (3) The correlation characteristics between speed control related messages and speed changes; (4) The correlation characteristics between current changes and control message changes; (5) The correlation characteristics between voltage changes and control message changes; (6) The correlation characteristics between temperature changes and control message changes; (7) Correlation characteristics between fault feedback messages and abnormal operating status.

[0038] For example, when identifying a specific electric compressor, the moment the start-up control-related message is sent can be used as a trigger reference. Within a preset response time window, data on the compressor's speed, current, and feedback messages can be collected. This allows for the extraction of the time interval characteristics between start-up control and speed increase, the correspondence between changes in speed control messages and speed feedback, and the correspondence between fault feedback messages and abnormal operating states. Through this trigger-window-based correlation extraction method, component protocols with similar message structures but different control behaviors can be distinguished.

[0039] S3, Construct runtime feature fingerprint After extracting the above-mentioned features, the message identification features, message periodic features, data bit change features, and operation response association features are combined to construct the operation feature fingerprint of the target thermal management component.

[0040] In this embodiment, the operational fingerprint can be a combined feature set composed of multiple feature fields, or it can be a structured feature vector after encoding, normalization, and weighting. The operational fingerprint is used to comprehensively reflect the overall characteristics of the target thermal management component in terms of communication behavior and operational response correlation behavior.

[0041] Compared to methods that rely solely on a single message ID or a small number of static parameters, this invention employs an operational feature fingerprint that includes communication characteristics and trigger response association characteristics, which can more accurately characterize the protocol characteristics and adaptation attributes of the target thermal management component.

[0042] S4. Perform candidate admission screening and conflict resolution fine-grained matching on the protocol fingerprint template. In this embodiment, a protocol fingerprint database is pre-established. The database can store protocol fingerprint templates corresponding to multiple known thermal management components. Each protocol fingerprint template can be associated with a corresponding protocol type, message parsing rule set, control parameter mapping table, adaptation category, or adaptation configuration file. The protocol fingerprint template can include at least a communication feature template layer and a runtime response association template layer.

[0043] Once the operational feature fingerprint of the target thermal management component is constructed, it is matched in two stages with multiple protocol fingerprint templates in the protocol fingerprint library.

[0044] In the first stage, multiple protocol fingerprint templates in the protocol fingerprint database are screened for candidate admission based on message identification characteristics and message cycle characteristics to obtain a set of candidate protocol fingerprint templates. If no candidate protocol fingerprint templates that meet the preset admission conditions are obtained in the first stage, the output of the final adaptation configuration file is stopped, and the target thermal management component is marked as an object to be confirmed for adaptation or an unknown protocol object.

[0045] In the second stage, the candidate protocol fingerprint template set is subjected to conflict resolution fine matching based on the data bit change characteristics and the operation response association characteristics, and the final matching result is determined by one or more of the following methods: similarity calculation, feature weight comparison, threshold determination, candidate sorting or multi-round screening.

[0046] For example, candidate protocol templates can be initially narrowed down based on the set of message identifiers, the frequency of identifier occurrence, and the combination relationship of message cycles. Then, by combining the data bit change pattern and the operation response association features extracted within the response time window after the control message is triggered, conflict adjudication and detailed differentiation can be performed on multiple similar candidate protocol templates.

[0047] S5. Determine the target category based on the matching results and consistency verification. In this embodiment, the matching degree or confidence degree corresponding to each candidate protocol fingerprint template is calculated based on the matching results of the second stage, and the key control fields and key feedback fields in the control parameter mapping relationship are verified for consistency.

[0048] The key control fields may include one or more of the following: start-stop control field, target speed field, and mode switching field; the key feedback fields may include one or more of the following: speed feedback field, current feedback field, temperature feedback field, and fault status field.

[0049] When multiple candidate protocol fingerprint templates have matching results that meet preset conditions, the consistency of key operational response association features and key control field mappings corresponding to each candidate protocol fingerprint template can be further compared to determine the unique final adaptation result.

[0050] When the matching degree or confidence degree is insufficient, or the consistency check fails, the final adaptation configuration file will not be output. Instead, only the candidate adaptation category, the adaptation result to be confirmed, the unknown protocol identifier, or the manual confirmation prompt will be output.

[0051] S6. Output message parsing rule sets, control parameter mapping tables, or adaptation configuration files according to hierarchical thresholds. In this embodiment, the matching degree or confidence degree adopts a hierarchical threshold mechanism, including a candidate identification threshold and an execution output threshold.

[0052] When the matching result reaches the candidate recognition threshold but does not reach the execution output threshold, only the candidate adaptation category or the adaptation result to be confirmed is output. When the matching result reaches the execution output threshold and the consistency check passes, the message parsing rule set, control parameter mapping table, or adaptation configuration file corresponding to the target thermal management component is output.

[0053] The message parsing rule set may include target protocol category, communication interface type, core message mapping relationship, key data field definition, etc.; the control parameter mapping table may include start / stop control mapping, target speed mapping, feedback status mapping, fault status mapping, etc.; the adaptation configuration file can be used for subsequent controller calls, protocol loading, parameter mapping, adaptation execution, or maintenance assistance.

[0054] The output mechanism, which combines the aforementioned hierarchical thresholds and consistency checks, can reduce the risk of incorrectly adapted configurations directly entering the execution chain.

[0055] Implementation Method Two: System Implementation Method like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a protocol identification and adaptation system for thermal management components of new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints, including a data acquisition module 100, a feature extraction module 200, a fingerprint construction module 300, a protocol matching module 400, a verification and judgment module 500, an adaptation output module 600, and a protocol fingerprint library 700.

[0056] 1. Data acquisition module 100 The data acquisition module 100 is used to acquire communication message data and operating status data of the target thermal management component. The data acquisition module 100 can be connected to a vehicle bus interface, a controller communication interface, a test bench interface, or an external acquisition device.

[0057] 2. Feature Extraction Module 200 The feature extraction module 200 is connected to the data acquisition module 100 and is used to analyze and process the acquired data, extract message identifier features, message period features and data bit change features, and extract the running response association features within a preset response time window, using the sending time of the control related message as the trigger benchmark.

[0058] 3. Fingerprint Construction Module 300 The fingerprint construction module 300 is connected to the feature extraction module 200 and is used to construct the operational feature fingerprint of the target thermal management component based on the extracted multi-class features. The operational feature fingerprint can be represented in the form of a feature set, vector form, or other structured forms.

[0059] 4. Protocol matching module 400 The protocol matching module 400 is connected to the fingerprint construction module 300 and the protocol fingerprint library 700 respectively. It is used to perform a two-stage matching of the operating feature fingerprint of the target thermal management component with multiple protocol fingerprint templates in the protocol fingerprint library 700. The first stage is used to perform candidate admission screening based on message identification features and message periodic features. The second stage is used to perform conflict resolution fine matching based on data bit change features and operating response correlation features.

[0060] 5. Verification and Judgment Module 500 The verification and judgment module 500 is connected to the protocol matching module 400. It is used to calculate the matching degree or confidence degree based on the matching result, and to perform consistency verification on key control fields and key feedback fields to determine the target protocol type, component category or adaptation category corresponding to the target thermal management component.

[0061] 6. Adapter output module 600 The adaptation output module 600 is connected to the verification and judgment module 500. It is used to output the message parsing rule set, control parameter mapping table or adaptation configuration file when the matching degree or confidence degree reaches the preset execution threshold and the consistency verification passes. When the matching degree or confidence degree is lower than the preset execution threshold or the consistency verification fails, it outputs the adaptation result to be confirmed, the candidate adaptation category, the unknown protocol identifier or the manual confirmation prompt.

[0062] 7. Protocol fingerprint database 700 The protocol fingerprint library 700 is used to store protocol fingerprint templates for multiple different thermal management components and their corresponding adaptation information. The templates in the protocol fingerprint library 700 may include at least a communication feature template layer and an operation response association template layer, and can be continuously expanded and updated according to the subsequent addition of vehicle models, components or operation data.

[0063] In an optional implementation, the system may further include a result caching module for caching the fingerprints of successfully identified target components and the adaptation results, so that they can be quickly retrieved during subsequent repeated identifications, thereby improving the overall identification efficiency of the system.

[0064] Implementation Method 3: Application of Implementation Methods In a real-world application scenario, a repair shop needs to replace and adapt the electric compressor of a new energy vehicle from an unknown brand. Because the compressor's original protocol documentation is incomplete, the repair personnel cannot directly determine its control method and key message fields.

[0065] At this point, using the method of the present invention, the communication message data and operating status data of the compressor during the testing process are first acquired through the acquisition device; then, the message identification features, periodic features, and data bit change features corresponding to the compressor are extracted, and the sending time of the start control related message or speed regulation control related message is used as the trigger benchmark to extract the operating response correlation features corresponding to speed feedback, current change, and fault feedback change within a preset response time window; then, the operating feature fingerprint of the compressor is constructed, and candidate admission screening and conflict adjudication fine matching are performed with multiple electric compressor protocol templates in the protocol fingerprint library; then, the optimal adaptation result is determined based on the matching degree or confidence result and the consistency verification results of key control fields and key feedback fields; finally, when the matching result reaches the execution output threshold and the consistency verification passes, the message parsing rule set, control parameter mapping table, and adaptation configuration file matching the target compressor are output for subsequent controller loading and calling.

[0066] By adopting the above methods, we can reduce manual testing and experience-based judgment, improve the efficiency of aftermarket adaptation, and reduce the risk of rework and failure caused by incorrect adaptation.

[0067] Implementation Method 4: Extended Implementation Method In some implementations, the protocol fingerprint templates in the protocol fingerprint library can be continuously updated based on newly added operational data. For target thermal management components that have been identified and adapted, their operational feature fingerprints and final confirmation results can be written into the protocol fingerprint library as new samples to expand the library's content, thereby improving the system's ability to identify subsequent unknown or similar components.

[0068] In other implementations, new samples can be manually confirmed, verified by execution results, or checked for consistency before being written into the protocol fingerprint database, in order to prevent low-trust samples from directly entering the protocol fingerprint database.

[0069] In other implementations, the matching results may output not only message parsing rule sets, control parameter mapping tables, or adaptation configuration files, but also candidate adaptation categories, adaptation reliability, or manual confirmation prompts to adapt to different accuracy requirements and different engineering application scenarios.

Claims

1. A method for protocol identification and adaptation of thermal management components in new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Collect communication message data and operating status data of the target thermal management component within a preset collection time window. The communication message data includes at least a message identifier, message transmission period, message transmission direction, and data area content. The operating status data includes at least one or more of the following: start / stop status, speed, current, voltage, temperature, or fault feedback status. S2. Extract message identifier features, message period features and data bit change features based on the communication message data, and extract the operating status change features of the target thermal management component within a preset response time window, using the sending time of the control related message as the triggering benchmark, so as to form operating response correlation features. S3. Construct the operational feature fingerprint of the target thermal management component based on the message identification feature, the message periodicity feature, the data bit change feature, and the operational response association feature; S4. Perform a two-stage matching between the operation feature fingerprint and multiple protocol fingerprint templates in the preset protocol fingerprint library. In the first stage, candidate admission screening of the protocol fingerprint templates is performed based on message identification features and message period features. In the second stage, a conflict-decision-based fine matching is performed on the candidate protocol fingerprint templates based on data bit change features and operation response association features. S5. Calculate the matching degree or confidence degree corresponding to each candidate protocol fingerprint template based on the matching results of the second stage, and perform consistency verification on the key control fields and key feedback fields in the control parameter mapping relationship. Determine the target protocol type, component category or adaptation category corresponding to the target thermal management component based on the preset judgment threshold and the consistency verification results. S6. When the matching degree or confidence degree reaches the preset execution threshold and the consistency verification passes, output the message parsing rule set, control parameter mapping table or adaptation configuration file corresponding to the target thermal management component; when the matching degree or confidence degree is lower than the preset execution threshold or the consistency verification fails, only output the adaptation result to be confirmed, the candidate adaptation category, the unknown protocol identifier or the manual confirmation prompt.

2. The method for protocol identification and adaptation of thermal management components in new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management components include one or more of an electric compressor, a PTC heater, an electric water pump, and a fan controller.

3. The method for protocol identification and adaptation of thermal management components in new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints according to claim 1, characterized in that, The message identification features include one or more of the following: a set of communication message identifiers, identifier frequency, message sending direction, and the correspondence between request and response messages.

4. The method for protocol identification and adaptation of thermal management components in new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints according to claim 1, characterized in that, The message periodic characteristics include one or more of the following: the transmission period of the communication message, the periodic fluctuation range, and the periodic combination relationship or time sequence distribution relationship among multiple messages; the data bit change characteristics include one or more of the following: the change amplitude, change direction, change frequency, change time sequence relationship or combination change relationship of at least some data bits in the message data area.

5. The method for protocol identification and adaptation of thermal management components in new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operational response correlation features include one or more of the following: time correlation features between start control related messages and start response, time correlation features between stop control related messages and stop response, correlation features between speed control related messages and speed change, correlation features between current change and control message change, correlation features between voltage change and control message change, correlation features between temperature change and control message change, and correlation features between fault feedback messages and abnormal operating states; The operation response association feature is generated from the state change data within a preset response time window after the control-related message is triggered.

6. The method for protocol identification and adaptation of thermal management components in new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operational feature fingerprint is a combination of features reflecting the communication features and operational behavior association features of the target thermal management component. The combination of features includes at least two types of communication features and at least one type of operational response association feature, or it is a structured feature vector formed by encoding, normalizing or weighting the combination of features.

7. The method for protocol identification and adaptation of thermal management components in new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protocol fingerprint library pre-stores protocol fingerprint templates for multiple thermal management components, as well as the protocol type, message parsing rule set, control parameter mapping table, component adaptation category or adaptation configuration file corresponding to each protocol fingerprint template. The protocol fingerprint template includes at least a communication feature template layer and a runtime response association template layer.

8. The method for protocol identification and adaptation of thermal management components in new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two-stage matching in step S4 includes: First, candidate admission screening is performed on multiple protocol fingerprint templates in the protocol fingerprint database based on message identification characteristics and message periodic characteristics to obtain a set of candidate protocol fingerprint templates. Then, based on the data bit change characteristics and the operation response correlation characteristics, the candidate protocol fingerprint template set is subjected to conflict adjudication fine matching, and the final matching result is determined by one or more of the following methods: similarity calculation, feature weight comparison, threshold determination, candidate sorting, or multiple rounds of screening. If no candidate protocol fingerprint template that meets the preset admission conditions is obtained in the first stage, the output of the final adaptation configuration file will be stopped.

9. The method for protocol identification and adaptation of thermal management components in new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the matching results of multiple candidate protocol fingerprint templates all meet the preset conditions, the consistency of key operational response association features and key control field mapping corresponding to each candidate protocol fingerprint template are further compared to determine the final adaptation result. When a unique final adaptation result cannot be determined, only the candidate adaptation category, the adaptation result to be confirmed, or the manual confirmation prompt will be output. The matching degree or confidence degree is determined using a hierarchical threshold mechanism, including a candidate identification threshold and an execution output threshold. When the matching result reaches the candidate identification threshold but does not reach the execution output threshold, only the candidate adaptation category or the adaptation result to be confirmed is output.

10. A protocol identification and adaptation system for thermal management components of new energy vehicles based on operational feature fingerprints, characterized in that, It includes a data acquisition module, a feature extraction module, a fingerprint construction module, a protocol matching module, a verification and judgment module, and an adaptation output module; The data acquisition module is used to collect communication message data and operating status data of the target thermal management component within a preset acquisition time window; The feature extraction module is used to extract message identifier features, message period features, and data bit change features, and uses the sending time of the relevant control message as a triggering benchmark to extract the running response association features within a preset response time window; The fingerprint construction module is used to construct the operational feature fingerprint of the target thermal management component based on the extracted features; The protocol matching module is used to perform a two-stage matching between the running feature fingerprint and multiple protocol fingerprint templates in the preset protocol fingerprint library. The first stage is used to perform candidate admission screening based on message identification features and message periodic features. The second stage is used to perform conflict resolution-style fine matching based on data bit change features and running response association features. The verification and judgment module is used to calculate the matching degree or confidence degree based on the matching result, and to perform consistency verification on key control fields and key feedback fields to determine the target protocol type, component category or adaptation category corresponding to the target thermal management component. The adaptation output module is used to output a message parsing rule set, control parameter mapping table or adaptation configuration file when the matching degree or confidence degree reaches the preset execution threshold and the consistency check passes. When the matching degree or confidence degree is lower than the preset execution threshold or the consistency check fails, it outputs the adaptation result to be confirmed, the candidate adaptation category, the unknown protocol identifier or the manual confirmation prompt.

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