Electrochemical cell assembly

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell assembly comprising a stack of cell units, wherein each cell unit has an outer peripheral portion and a central portion surrounded by the outer peripheral portion, the outer peripheral portion having a first flange portion (90-1) and an opposite second flange portion (90-2), the flange portions of adjacent cell units being superposed to each other and separated by a gap (88-1, 88-2), wherein, between two adjacent cell units, there are provided: a fluid flow path, the fluid flow path (80) comprising an inner flow path between the central portions of adjacent cell units and an outer flow path through said gap; and a flow restriction device (112) comprising at least one flow restriction member (114-1, 114-2), the flow restriction device being configured to reduce or prevent fluid flow along the outer flow path.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochemical battery stacks, specifically to fuel cell stacks and electrolytic cell stacks. More specifically, this invention relates to an electrochemical battery assembly. Background Technology

[0002] Fuel cells and electrolyzers are examples of electrochemical cells. A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that allows the conversion of electrochemical fuels (such as H2) into electrical energy. An electrolyzer can be viewed as a fuel cell operating in reverse mode, that is, using electrical energy to break down compounds into their components, such as splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen. Reversible cells are capable of operating in both modes. Such electrochemical cells typically include an electrochemical active layer configured to allow the conversion of electrochemical fuels into electrical energy (fuel cell) or to use electrical energy to break down compounds into their components (electrolyzer).

[0003] This invention specifically relates to solid oxide batteries (SOCs). Such solid oxide batteries (SOCs) typically include an electrolyte layer formed of solid oxides, such as yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide (YSZ), gadolinium-doped cerium dioxide, or cerium-gadolinium oxide (CGO). SOCs can operate as solid oxide fuel cell units (SOFCs) or as solid oxide electrolytic cell units (SOECs).

[0004] For example, as described in WO2020 / 126486A1, such a battery cell typically has an outer periphery and a central portion surrounded by the outer periphery, wherein the central portion carries an electrochemically active layer over a porous region. For example, the outer periphery may have a flange portion over part or all of its extent, the flange portion forming, for example, a welding area for connecting a support plate and an interconnect plate of the battery cell. To supply fuel to the battery cell, each battery cell may have at least one fluid port communicating with the electrochemical layer via the porous region.

[0005] Typically, multiple such battery cells are stacked on top of each other to form a "stack" of battery cells (also known as a "repeating battery cell"). The stack is usually arranged between two end plates located on opposite sides of the stack, thus forming an electrochemical battery assembly. The stack may be surrounded by a housing that encloses a fluid volume around the stack of battery cells. Each battery cell defines a fluid flow path between adjacent cells to allow fluid to flow to the electrochemical active layer. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One objective of this invention is to improve the performance and stability of electrochemical battery components.

[0007] According to the present invention, an electrochemical battery assembly according to claim 1 is provided. Preferably, the electrochemical battery assembly is a fuel cell assembly or an electrolytic battery assembly. The electrochemical battery assembly includes a stack of battery cells, the stack comprising a plurality of battery cells stacked on top of each other along a stacking direction. Preferably, the electrochemical battery assembly includes a first end plate, a second end plate, and a stack of battery cells, the stack disposed between the first end plate and the second end plate, preferably compressed and held between the first end plate and the second end plate. The first end plate may be a substrate of the electrochemical battery assembly. The second end plate may be a top plate of the electrochemical battery assembly. Each battery cell preferably extends in a battery plane along a first direction (preferably longitudinal direction) and a second direction (preferably width direction) perpendicular to the stacking direction. Each battery cell has an outer periphery and a central portion surrounded by the outer periphery. The outer periphery preferably defines the outer periphery boundary of the battery cell in the battery plane. The central portion preferably includes an electrochemical active layer, for example, a layer carrying an electrochemical active layer. Thus, the central portion can form the active region of the battery cell. The outer periphery has two opposing flange portions (also referred to as flange-type periphery features), namely a first flange portion and an opposing second flange portion. The first and second flange portions extend parallel to each other and each extends in a first direction. The central portion and therefore the electrochemical active layer are located between the first and second flange portions. The flange portions of adjacent battery cells are stacked on top of each other and spaced apart from each other by corresponding gaps in the stacking direction. That is, the first flange portions of adjacent battery cells are stacked on top of each other and spaced apart from each other by a first gap in the stacking direction, and the second flange portions of adjacent battery cells are stacked on top of each other and spaced apart from each other by a second gap in the stacking direction. Preferably, the flange portions of adjacent battery cells are aligned with each other. The battery cells define corresponding fluid flow paths between adjacent battery cells for the flow of a first fluid in the first direction, preferably from the fluid inlet port to the fluid outlet port of the electrochemical battery assembly. Therefore, the battery cells are configured such that a fluid flow path for the flow of a first fluid in the first direction is provided between two adjacent battery cells, preferably from the fluid inlet port to the fluid outlet port of the electrochemical battery assembly. Preferably, the battery cell defines a fluid channel between adjacent battery cells for allowing a first fluid to flow in a first direction. The fluid flow path between adjacent battery cells includes an inner flow path located between the central portions of the adjacent battery cells, particularly on the electrochemical active layer. The fluid flow path between adjacent battery cells also includes an outer flow path passing through a gap formed between the flanges of the adjacent battery cells. Therefore, the outer flow path includes a first portion passing through a first gap between the first flanges of the adjacent battery cells and a second portion passing through a second gap between the second flanges of the adjacent battery cells. The outer fluid flow path forms a fluid bypass for allowing the first fluid to bypass the central portion carrying the electrochemical active layer.Therefore, the gap is formed to allow fluid to bypass the central portion. According to the invention, a flow-limiting device is provided between adjacent battery cells, preferably a fluid-blocking device, which is configured to selectively reduce or prevent, in particular, block fluid flow along the external flow path, i.e., through one or both gaps between the flanges of adjacent battery cells. The flow-limiting device includes at least one flow-limiting member, i.e., one or more flow-limiting members, preferably fluid-blocking members, which are preferably located between the flanges of adjacent battery cells.

[0008] The proposed structure allows for improved performance of the electrochemical battery assembly. Specifically, reducing or blocking fluid flow between the (electrochemically inactive) flanges of the battery cell helps guide and thus increase fluid flow to the active region of the battery cell (i.e., the central portion carrying the electrochemical active layer), thereby ensuring a sufficient and uniform fluid supply to the electrochemical active layer. Furthermore, the enhanced fluid flow via the active region has proven advantageous in terms of thermal management of the battery cell. Specifically, increased fluid flow in the central portion helps to uniform the temperature distribution within the battery cell and, in particular, helps to reduce peak temperatures. This further improves performance and helps to prevent damage to the electrochemical active layer.

[0009] The first fluid can be fuel or an oxidant (e.g., air or oxygen), preferably an oxidant. Therefore, the gap between the flanges of adjacent cell units can form a fuel bypass gap or an air / oxidant bypass gap. For operation as a fuel cell, air / oxidant is preferred as the first fluid. For operation as an electrolytic cell, the oxidant can be mainly generated through an electrolytic reaction.

[0010] In some embodiments, the outer periphery of each battery cell has two longitudinal edges extending in a first direction and two transverse edges extending in a second direction, wherein a flange is provided at least at the longitudinal edges.

[0011] In some embodiments, each battery cell is generally rectangular, having two opposing long sides extending in a first direction and two opposing short sides extending in a second direction. In this embodiment, the flange is preferably provided at least along the long sides.

[0012] In some embodiments, the outer periphery of each battery cell has two opposing straight edges extending in a first direction and a shaped end. In this embodiment, a flange may be provided at the straight edge.

[0013] The battery cell can be flat or planar. Each battery cell can have a flange portion surrounding all its outer periphery. Therefore, the outer periphery of the battery cell can be formed by a circumferential flange portion.

[0014] Each battery cell may include one or more plates. In a preferred embodiment, each battery cell (active or inactive) includes a preferably shaped interconnect plate (also referred to as an interconnect or separator) and a preferably flat support plate (also referred to as a substrate), the interconnect plate and the support plate being stacked on top of each other in a stacking direction. Preferably, the interconnect plate and the support plate are attached to each other, preferably by welding, and enclose a battery volume (fluid or air volume) therebetween. Preferably, the interconnect plate and the support plate are formed of metal, preferably stainless steel. Preferably, the support plate carries a battery chemical layer in its central portion. The support plate may include a porous region in its central portion, the porous region carrying the electrochemical active layer. The battery volume may be in fluid communication with the electrochemical active layer via the porous region.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the support plate has an outer peripheral portion and a central portion surrounded by the outer peripheral portion. The central portion of the support plate has a porous region, and a battery chemical layer is disposed on the surface of the porous region opposite to the interconnect plate. The interconnect plate has an outer peripheral portion and a central portion surrounded by the outer peripheral portion. The support plate and the interconnect plate are stacked together in a stacking direction, and the outer peripheral portion of the support plate is sealingly attached to the outer peripheral portion of the interconnect plate. The central portion of the support plate and the central portion of the interconnect plate enclose a battery volume (fluid volume) therebetween.

[0016] The interconnect plate may have a flanged perimeter feature formed along part or all of its outer perimeter. A support plate and the interconnect plate may be attached to the flanged perimeter feature to form a flange. The flanged perimeter feature can be formed by pressing the outer perimeter of the interconnect plate, preferably such that the flanged perimeter feature extends beyond the plane of the original plate. In a preferred embodiment, the interconnect plate has a tubular shape such that the outer perimeter of the interconnect plate with the flanged perimeter feature is located in a first plane offset from a second plane, and a central portion of the interconnect plate extends in the second plane.

[0017] The internal fluid flow path and the external fluid flow path can each include multiple flow paths, and the internal fluid flow path and the external fluid flow path can be straight or coiled, depending on the design of the battery cell, wherein the net flow direction is in the first direction.

[0018] A battery cell may define a first fluid channel, preferably an air or oxidant channel, located between the central portions of adjacent battery cells, the first fluid channel forming the internal fluid flow path. In some embodiments, each battery cell includes a shaped outward protrusion formed in its central portion, the outward protrusion defining the first fluid channel. Preferably, the shaped outward protrusion is configured to partially separate adjacent battery cells. In some embodiments, the outward protrusion of the first battery cell abuts at its end against the outer surface of the electrochemically active layer of an adjacent battery cell, thereby forming a fluid channel therebetween. In addition to the first fluid channel, each battery cell may also define a second fluid channel within the battery cell, for example, between the upper and lower plates (preferably support plates and interconnect plates) of each battery cell, preferably a fuel channel. The second fluid channel may communicate with a fluid port of the battery cell.

[0019] In some embodiments, each battery cell in the battery unit is provided with at least one fluid port, preferably a fuel port. Preferably, at least one fluid port of a corresponding battery cell is in communication with a second fluid channel in the battery cell. Each battery may have at least one fuel inlet port and at least one fuel outlet port, wherein the battery cell extends in a first direction between the at least one fuel inlet port and the at least one fuel outlet port. Preferably, the corresponding fluid ports of adjacent battery cells are aligned along the stacking direction to form an internal fluid manifold of the stack.

[0020] In some embodiments, the battery cell is a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). In some embodiments, the battery cell is a solid oxide electrolytic cell (SOEC). Preferably, the battery cell is a metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell.

[0021] The electrochemical active layer (also known as the battery chemistry layer) preferably includes a fuel electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, and an air / oxidant electrode layer. The electrochemical active layer can be deposited (e.g., as a thin coating or film) on and supported by a mechanical support plate, such as the aforementioned support plate.

[0022] In some embodiments, the electrochemical battery assembly may include a housing that surrounds a stack of battery cells in a stacking orientation. The housing may be a stack enclosure defining a fluid volume that houses the stack of battery cells. The housing may be welded to a first plate and a second plate. The housing, the first end plate, and the second end plate together may form a stack enclosure defining a fluid volume that houses the stack of battery cells. The housing may be a single piece. The housing may be formed of at least two parts joined together at a seam, for example, by welding. The housing may include or consist of a skirt surrounding the battery cells.

[0023] The stack of battery cells may also include gaskets, preferably in the form of sealing rings, which are inserted between the battery cells. The gaskets may surround the corresponding fluid ports of the battery cells.

[0024] In embodiments including a housing, the electrochemical battery assembly preferably includes a fluid inlet port and a fluid outlet port. The fluid inlet port supplies fluid, preferably a first fluid (typically air or an oxidant), from the outside of the electrochemical battery assembly to a (first) fluid volume enclosed by the housing. The fluid outlet port is used to remove the (first) fluid (preferably discharging air or an oxidant) from the first fluid volume. Preferably, the electrochemical battery assembly includes an air or oxidant inlet port and an air or oxidant outlet port. Therefore, the fluid flow path disposed between adjacent battery cells is preferably a (first) fluid flow path, preferably an air or oxidant flow path, which allows the first fluid (preferably air or an oxidant) to flow from the fluid inlet port to the fluid outlet port. Thus, a fluid flow path is provided from the fluid inlet port through the stack to the fluid outlet port. The fluid inlet port and the fluid outlet port may be formed by corresponding through-holes formed in a first end plate or a second end plate.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the battery cell extends between a fluid inlet port and a fluid outlet port in a first direction perpendicular to the stacking direction. Therefore, the first direction can be the main flow direction of fluid from the fluid inlet port to the fluid outlet port.

[0026] Reducing fluid flow along the external flow path can include reducing the cross-sectional area of ​​the external flow path, particularly reducing the cross-sectional area of ​​one or both gaps between the flanges of adjacent battery cells. In some embodiments, the current-limiting device is configured to reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the external flow path, preferably the cross-sectional area of ​​each gap, by at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, and even more preferably at least 90%.

[0027] In some embodiments, at least one current-limiting member is disposed in the gap between the first flange portions of adjacent battery cells and / or at least one current-limiting member is disposed in the gap between the second flange portions of adjacent battery cells.

[0028] In some embodiments, at least one flow-limiting member extends only to a portion of the height of the gap along the stacking direction. Therefore, the flow-limiting device can be configured to reduce fluid flow through the external flow path. In some embodiments, at least one flow-limiting member extends throughout the entire height of the gap along the stacking direction. In a preferred embodiment, at least one flow-limiting member extends throughout the entire height of the corresponding gap along the stacking direction and also extends throughout the entire height of the corresponding gap in a second direction. Therefore, the flow-limiting device can be configured to prevent fluid from flowing through the external flow path.

[0029] In some embodiments, at least one current-limiting member is formed of a deformable material, preferably an elastically deformable material, to compensate for height variations in the gap along the stacking direction, such as due to compression and / or thermal expansion of the battery stack.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, at least one flow-limiting member is formed of vermiculite material, preferably expanded vermiculite material. Vermiculite material has proven particularly advantageous in terms of mechanical compliance at high temperatures and reliable sealing performance. Expanded vermiculite material may include or consist of expanded vermiculite. Expanded vermiculite material may be thermally or chemically expanded.

[0031] In another preferred embodiment, the flow-limiting member or at least one of the flow-limiting members is formed of a ceramic material, preferably mica.

[0032] In some embodiments, the current-limiting member, or at least one of the current-limiting members, extends elongatedly along a first direction. This helps to guide fluid flow through the internal flow path, particularly undesirable lateral fluid flow from the central portion along a second direction (i.e., away from the electrochemical active layer toward the outer periphery), thereby improving the performance of the battery assembly.

[0033] In some embodiments, the current-limiting member, or at least one of the current-limiting members, extends only a portion of the extension range of the corresponding flange in the first direction. That is, a current-limiting member positioned in the gap between the first flanges of adjacent battery cells may extend only a portion of the extension range of the first flange in the first direction. Similarly, a current-limiting member positioned in the gap between the second flanges of adjacent battery cells may extend only a portion of the extension range of the second flange in the first direction. Therefore, at least one current-limiting member may cover only a portion of the corresponding flange in the first direction. This is advantageous for enhancing fluid flow only in a selected area at the center. At least one current-limiting member may extend at most half of the extension range of the first or second flange in the first direction, preferably at most one-third of the extension range of the first or second flange in the first direction.

[0034] In some embodiments, the current-limiting member, or at least one of the current-limiting members, extends only a portion of the extension range of the corresponding flange in a first direction and is positioned at a downstream portion of the flange. That is, a current-limiting member positioned in the gap between the first flanges of adjacent battery cells can be positioned at a downstream portion of the first flange. Similarly, a current-limiting member positioned in the gap between the second flanges of adjacent battery cells can be positioned at a downstream portion of the second flange. In other words, the current-limiting member, or at least one of the current-limiting members, can be positioned at a downstream portion of the gap formed between the first flanges of adjacent battery cells, and / or the current-limiting member, or at least one of the current-limiting members, can be positioned at a downstream portion of the gap formed between the second flanges of adjacent battery cells. This configuration helps to guide fluid preferably selectively through the downstream portion of the central portion. The downstream portion of the central portion typically becomes the hottest during battery operation. Therefore, compared to a fully extended current-limiting member, the current-limiting member can help cool this downstream portion while maintaining lower material costs and reducing pressure drop. In some embodiments, the flow-limiting member or at least one of the flow-limiting members may preferably extend at most half of the downstream portion of the corresponding flange in the stacking direction, preferably one-third of the downstream portion. Preferably, the downstream portion of the corresponding flange is the end of the flange in the first direction.

[0035] In some embodiments, the flow-limiting member or at least one of the flow-limiting members extends at least throughout the entire extension range of the central portion in a first direction. In some embodiments, the flow-limiting member or at least one of the flow-limiting members extends along the first direction throughout the entire length of the corresponding gap.

[0036] In some embodiments, the current-limiting member, or at least one of the current-limiting members, is formed of a sealing material strip extending in a first direction. Therefore, sealing material strips extending in the first direction can be provided between first flanges of adjacent battery cells and / or between second flanges of adjacent battery cells. Preferably, the sealing material is a deformable material, preferably an elastically deformable material, to compensate for height variations in the gap along the stacking direction, such as due to compression and / or thermal expansion of the battery stack. Most preferably, the sealing material comprises or is composed of vermiculite (see above).

[0037] In some embodiments, a current-limiting member, or at least one of the current-limiting members, is printed on the flange of the battery cell, preferably 3D printed on the flange of the battery cell. Thus, at least one current-limiting member can be printed on the first flange of a respective battery cell and / or at least one current-limiting member can be printed on the second flange of a respective battery cell. Printing the current-limiting member on the flange simplifies manufacturing because assembly procedures such as placement or bonding can be avoided. Furthermore, printing the current-limiting member allows the geometry of the current-limiting member to be easily changed, for example, according to the type of battery cell or according to the relative position of the respective battery cells in the stack. In embodiments where the battery cell includes a support plate and an interconnect plate, the current-limiting member is preferably printed on the support plate. Preferably, the current-limiting member is printed from the aforementioned sealing material.

[0038] In some embodiments, the current-limiting member, or at least one of the current-limiting members, is formed of a paste disposed between adjacent battery cells, preferably between the flanges of adjacent battery cells. This has proven advantageous in terms of ease of manufacture, as the paste can be easily applied due to its deformability. The paste is preferably cured during heat treatment, such as in a stacking baking process known in the art. Preferably, the paste at least partially fills the gap between the flanges of adjacent battery cells. The paste may be applied to additional portions of the battery cell, such as other portions of the outer periphery of the battery cell.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the paste comprises vermiculite material.

[0040] In some embodiments, the current-limiting member, or at least one of the current-limiting members, is provided by a clip positioned (e.g., pinned) on the flange of the battery cell, preferably attached to the flange of the battery cell. Thus, at least one clip can be positioned (e.g., pinned) on a first flange of the respective battery cell and / or at least one clip can be positioned (e.g., pinned) on a second flange of the respective battery cell. This has proven advantageous in terms of easy and, particularly, debris-free manufacturing of the battery assembly. Furthermore, the clip configuration allows the clip to be attached to the final stack, i.e., after the battery cells have been stacked and possibly after an optional stack baking process has been performed. Preferably, the clip surrounds the flange of the respective battery cell. In some embodiments, the clip is U-shaped. In some embodiments, the battery cell has a recess (notch) formed in the outer edge of the flange to accommodate the clip, such that the clip does not extend radially to the outer periphery of the battery cell (the covered area), preferably the clip extends flush with the outer periphery of the battery cell. In some embodiments, the clip is preferably attached to the battery cell by welding.

[0041] In some embodiments, the flow-limiting members of adjacent flow-limiting devices are aligned such that they are stacked along the stacking direction. Therefore, the flow-limiting members can be formed in rows along the stacking direction. This can be beneficial for ensuring uniform fluid flow through the stack and improving the mechanical stability of the stack.

[0042] In some embodiments, the current-limiting components of at least a subset of adjacent current-limiting devices are connected by a common current-limiting component, preferably provided by the common current-limiting component. This helps reduce the number of parts in the manufacturing process. In some embodiments, the current-limiting components of at least a subset of adjacent current-limiting devices may be a single piece.

[0043] In some embodiments, the electrochemical battery assembly includes at least one comb-shaped current limiter that provides at least a subset of current-limiting members. Preferably, the comb-shaped current limiter has a shaft portion and a series of protrusions (i.e., the "teeth" of the comb), the shaft portion extending along a stacking direction, and the series of protrusions projecting from the shaft portion, preferably in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction. Preferably, the comb-shaped current limiter is arranged such that each of the protrusions extends in a corresponding gap between flange portions of adjacent battery cells, thereby forming a corresponding current-limiting member. In a preferred embodiment, at least one comb-shaped current limiter is formed of a ceramic material, preferably mica. The comb-shaped current limiter may be a machined mica block. In some embodiments, the electrochemical battery assembly includes two opposing comb-shaped current limiters disposed on opposite sides of a stack of battery cells.

[0044] In some embodiments, each battery cell has at least one recess (cutout) formed in one or both of a first flange and a second flange. Corresponding recesses of adjacent battery cells are aligned to define an inner groove channel extending in the stacking direction, wherein current-limiting members of at least a subset of adjacent current-limiting devices are formed by beam-like members extending in the inner groove channel in the stacking direction. This configuration simplifies the manufacture of electrochemical battery assemblies by reducing the number of parts. Furthermore, the beam-like members help hold the cells, thereby improving the stability of the battery assembly during its lifespan.

[0045] Preferably, the beam-shaped member is formed of a ceramic material, more preferably of mica or alumina. Preferably, the beam-shaped member extends along the stacking direction throughout the entire height of the stack. Preferably, each recess extends in a second direction throughout the entire width of the corresponding flange. In some embodiments, each battery cell has at least one recess, preferably two recesses, formed in each of a first flange and a second flange, and these recesses are preferably aligned along a first direction of the battery cell.

[0046] In some embodiments, each battery cell includes a support plate and an interconnect plate, the support plate and the interconnect plate being stacked on top of each other along the stacking direction, wherein the at least one recess is formed in both the interconnect plate and the support plate.

[0047] In some embodiments, the current-limiting member, or at least one of the current-limiting members, is provided by an outer edge portion of the outer periphery, preferably by an outer edge portion of a corresponding flange portion, said outer edge portion being bent such that the outer edge portion protrudes into and at least partially fills a corresponding gap located between the flange portions of adjacent battery cells. This has proven advantageous in terms of ease of manufacture, as additional current-limiting members can be avoided. In embodiments where the battery cell includes a support plate and an interconnect plate, the bent outer edge portion of the outer periphery may be formed by the outer edge portion of the support plate and / or the outer edge portion of the interconnect plate.

[0048] In some embodiments, the current-limiting member is formed by a weld, preferably a butt weld. The butt weld may be provided around the circumferential portion of the battery cell.

[0049] In some embodiments, each battery cell includes at least one fuel port, preferably in the form of a through-hole extending in the stacking direction, and each fuel port is associated with a gasket surrounding the fuel port, wherein at least one current-limiting member, or one of the current-limiting members, is provided by the gasket. In a preferred embodiment, the gasket is a current-limiting gasket having a body and a protrusion (extension) surrounding the associated fuel port, and the protrusion projecting from the body, preferably projecting in a second direction into an adjacent gap formed between the flanges of adjacent battery cells. Thus, the protrusion forms a current-limiting member. This current-limiting gasket provides both a sealing function for the fuel port and a fluid-blocking function, which reduces complexity.

[0050] Preferably, at least one gasket is formed of vermiculite material. Preferably, the thickness of the protrusion along the stacking direction is less than the thickness of the body. This helps to improve the reliable sealing of the fuel port.

[0051] In some embodiments, the outer peripheral portion includes a first flange portion and an opposing second flange portion, wherein the outflow path includes a first portion outflow path and a second portion outflow path, the first portion outflow path passing through a first gap formed between the first flange portions of adjacent battery cells, and the second portion outflow path passing through a second gap formed between the second flange portions of adjacent battery cells.

[0052] In some embodiments, the current-limiting device is configured to selectively reduce or prevent fluid flow along one of the first portion of the external flow path and the second portion of the external flow path, preferably configured to selectively reduce or prevent fluid flow through one of the first gap and the second gap formed between the flanges of adjacent battery cells. This configuration has surprisingly proven advantageous in terms of stable (first) fluid (preferably air or oxidant) flow within the battery assembly, as it improves the mixing of the (relatively cold) fluid bypass flow with the (relatively hot) fluid flow from the central portion (active region). In some embodiments, the current-limiting member may be provided only in one of the first gap and the second gap. That is, one of the first gap and the second gap may be without a current-limiting member. Preferably, the current-limiting member is provided in the downstream portion of the gap. For example, the current-limiting member may extend only along a portion of the extension of the flange in a first direction, and the current-limiting member may be positioned at the downstream portion of the flange (see above).

[0053] According to a second aspect, a current-limiting device is provided for an electrochemical battery assembly, preferably a fuel cell or electrolytic battery assembly, the current-limiting device comprising at least one current-limiting member, and the current-limiting device being configured to reduce or prevent fluid from flowing along an external flow path through the gap between the flanges of adjacent battery cells in the electrochemical battery assembly. The current-limiting device can be implemented according to the embodiments described above. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Further embodiments can be derived from the following description and figures.

[0055] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 A perspective view of an exemplary electrochemical battery assembly is shown; Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 A top view of the electrochemical battery assembly; Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the electrochemical battery assembly; Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of two adjacent battery cells is shown; Figure 5 An exploded view of an exemplary battery cell is shown; Figure 6 It shows Figure 5 A bottom view of the battery cell; Figure 7 It shows that according to Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view, but with a current-limiting device according to the first example; Figure 8 It shows Figure 7 A bottom view of the battery cell above; Figure 9 A schematic cross-sectional view of a stack of battery cells with a current-limiting device according to a second example is shown; Figure 10 Details of a battery cell with a current-limiting device according to the third example are shown; Figure 11 A bottom view of a stack of battery cells with a current-limiting device according to the fourth example is shown; Figure 12 It shows that according to Figure 11 Cross-sectional view of the stacked structure; Figure 13 A bottom view showing details of a battery cell with a current-limiting device according to the fifth example is shown; Figure 14 A schematic cross-sectional view showing details of a battery cell with a current-limiting device according to the sixth example is shown; and Figure 15 A schematic cross-sectional view showing details of a battery cell with a current-limiting device according to the seventh example is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The repeated use of reference numerals in this specification and the accompanying drawings is intended to indicate the same or similar features or elements.

[0057] Reference Figures 1 to 3An exemplary configuration of an electrochemical cell assembly 10 is shown. The electrochemical cell assembly 10 includes a first end plate 12 and a second end plate 14 (see Figure 14). Figure 3 , Figure 1 A stack 16 of battery cells 18 (also referred to as "battery repeating cells") and a battery cell 18 is disposed between a first end plate 12 and a second end plate 14. Preferably, the stack 16 is held in a compressed state between the first end plate 12 and the second end plate 14.

[0058] Figures 1 to 3 The invention is intended to provide an overview of the electrochemical battery assembly 10 and its components primarily by way of example. However, the invention is not limited to this particular design.

[0059] The stack 16 includes a plurality of battery cells 18, which are stacked on top of each other along the stacking direction 20. As described above, the battery cells 18 can be fuel cell cells, electrolytic cell cells, or reversible cell cells. In this example, the battery cell 18 is a metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell (details below).

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, each battery cell 18 extends in a corresponding battery plane along a first direction and a second direction 24 perpendicular to the first direction 22, in a manner perpendicular to the stacking direction 20. Each battery cell 18 has an outer periphery 28 and a central portion 30 surrounded by the outer periphery 28, the central portion 30 carrying an electrochemically active layer 32 (see [reference]). Figure 2 (Details are as follows).

[0061] In the example shown, the battery cell 18 is generally rectangular, although it has shaped corners 34. Specifically, each battery cell 18 has two opposing long sides 36-1, 36-2 (preferably straight sides) and two opposing short sides 38-1, 38-2, the two opposing long sides 36-1, 36-2 extending along a first direction 22, and the two opposing short sides 38-1, 38-2 extending along a second direction 24 (see...). Figure 1 ).

[0062] exist Figure 1 In the example shown, an optional electrically insulating beam-like member 40 is provided in each of the shaped corner portions 34. In an embodiment not shown, the beam-like member 40 may be provided only on two shaped corner portions 34. In another embodiment not shown, the beam-like member 40 may not be provided (e.g., as shown in the example). Figure 2 (As shown). For example, the electrically insulating beam 40 may be in the form of a circular or tubular beam, such as a pipe or tube with a central opening 42 as shown. In a preferred example, the electrically insulating beam 40 will be made of mica, but other electrically insulating materials may also be used, including many ceramics; it is preferred to use an electrically insulating material that is not easily broken.

[0063] Reference Figure 3 As can be seen, the stack 16 of battery cells 18 also includes gaskets 44, which are inserted between the battery cells 18. Exemplarily, the gaskets 44 are annular sealing rings with a central opening 46. The gaskets 44 surround the corresponding through-holes 48 (fluid ports 50) of the battery cells 18 (details below).

[0064] The alignment of the central opening 46 of the gasket 44 and the through-hole 48 (fluid port 50) of the battery cell 18 forms a fluid manifold 52, which extends along the stacking direction 20 through the stack body 16 of the battery cell 18. In this example, the stack body 16 of the battery cell 18 includes two fluid manifolds 52 serving as inlet manifolds (for a second fluid, e.g., fuel) and two fluid manifolds 52 serving as outlet (discharge) manifolds (for a second fluid, e.g., fuel). To deliver a second fluid (e.g., fuel) between the exterior of the electrochemical assembly battery 10 and the fluid manifolds 52, the first end plate 12 includes corresponding through-holes 54 arranged at locations corresponding to the designated fluid manifolds (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 3 Therefore, the through-hole 54 forms the fuel inlet port 56 of the battery assembly 10.

[0065] The battery assembly 10 preferably also includes a current collection system or a power transmission system (not shown). For example, as is known in the art, the electrochemical battery assembly 10 may include one or more current collectors. Additionally, the current collection system or power transmission system may include one or more electrical connection members, such as busbars, for electrically connecting the current collectors or the power transmission system. In some embodiments, such electrical connection members may extend in the central opening 42 of the electrically insulating beam 40.

[0066] In the example shown, an optional insulating plate 58 is provided between each end plate 12 and the stack 16 of the battery cell 18 (see [link]). Figure 3 Insulating plate 58 can be formed from mica.

[0067] The electrochemical battery assembly 10 also includes a housing 60 that surrounds the stack 16 of the battery cells 18 around the stacking direction 20. In this example, the housing 42 is a skirt, which may be formed into multiple segments 62-1, 62-2, which are joined together at a junction line 64, preferably by welding. In a preferred example, the housing 60 is formed of metal, preferably steel. The housing 60 may be welded to end plates 12, 14. Together, the housing 60 and the end plates 12, 14 enclose a first fluid volume 66 around the stack 16 of the battery cells 18, the first fluid volume 66 preferably being for air or an oxidant.

[0068] The electrochemical battery assembly 10 also includes two optional electrically insulating plates 68 located on opposite sides of the stack 16 of the battery cells 18. Specifically, each plate 68 is located in a corresponding gap 70 disposed between the housing 60 and the long sides 36-1, 36-2 of the battery cells 18. The plates 68 extend along the long sides 36-1, 36-2 of the battery cells 18 in the first direction 22 and the stacking direction 20. In a preferred example, the plates 68 will be made of mica, but other electrically insulating materials may also be used, including many ceramics; preferably, a non-fragile electrically insulating material is used.

[0069] To supply the first fluid to the first fluid volume 66 enclosed by the housing 60, the electrochemical cell assembly 10 also includes a first fluid inlet port 72 (which may also be preferred to be referred to as an air inlet port 72) and a corresponding first fluid outlet port 74 (which may also be preferred to be referred to as an air outlet port 74). See Figure 2 In this example, the first fluid inlet port 72 and the first fluid outlet port 74 are both provided by corresponding through holes 76 and 78 formed in the first end plate 12.

[0070] Reference Figure 2 It can be seen that the battery cell 18 extends in the first direction 22 between the first fluid inlet port 72 and the first fluid outlet port 74. As described in detail below, the battery cell 18 defines a fluid flow path 80 between adjacent battery cells 18, the fluid flow path 80 for allowing the first fluid to flow from the first fluid inlet port 72 to the first fluid outlet port 74. Specifically, the fluid flow path 80 includes an inner flow path 82 and an outer flow path 84, the inner flow path 82 for allowing fluid to flow between the central portions 30 of adjacent battery cells 18, and the outer flow path 84 for allowing fluid to flow between the outer peripheral portions 28 of adjacent battery cells 18 (see...). Figure 2 ).

[0071] Reference Figure 4 It can be seen that the inner flow path 82 extends through the fluid channel 86 (which may be, for example, a channel or a pit area, providing a tortuous flow path), the fluid channel 86 is defined between the central portions 30 of adjacent battery cells 18, and the outer flow path 84 extends through the gaps 88-1 and 88-2, which are formed between the outer peripheral portions 28 of adjacent battery cells 18.

[0072] Specifically, the outer periphery 28 of each battery cell 18 includes a first flange 90-1 and an opposing second flange 90-2. The first flange 90-1 is located at a first long side 36-1 of each battery cell 18, and the second flange 90-2 is located at a second long side 36-2 of each battery cell 18. The flanges 90-1 and 90-2 preferably extend parallel to each other along a first direction 22 (see...). Figure 5In this example, each battery cell 18 also includes a flange at the short sides 38-1, 38-2 of each battery cell 18. Figure 4 As shown, the flanges 90-1 and 90-2 of adjacent battery cells are stacked on top of each other along the stacking direction 20 and separated by the aforementioned gaps 88-1 and 88-2. Each of the gaps 88-1 and 88-2 forms a fluid bypass, which allows fluid to bypass the central portion 30 and thus the electrochemically active layer 32 (see [link to diagram]). Figure 2 ).

[0073] In the following text, reference will be made to Figures 4 to 6 An exemplary construction of battery cell 18 is described.

[0074] In this example, cell 18 is a metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell. Each cell 18 exemplarily includes an interconnect plate 92 (also referred to as an interconnect plate or separator) and a support plate 94 (also referred to as a substrate), which are stacked on top of each other along a stacking direction 20. The interconnect plate 92 and the support plate 94 are formed of metal, preferably stainless steel. It should be understood that other types of supports for the electrochemical active layer, such as electrolyte-supported or anode-supported supports, can be used.

[0075] See Figure 4 As can be seen, both the interconnect plate 92 and the support plate 94 have an outer periphery 28 and a central portion 30 surrounded by the outer periphery 28. The interconnect plate 92 and the support plate 94 are attached to each other at their outer peripheries 28, preferably by welding, to enclose a battery volume portion (also referred to as a second fluid volume portion) 96 between the interconnect plate 92 and the support plate 94 (see...). Figure 4 ).

[0076] The support plate 94 has an electrochemically active layer 32 supported on the porous region 98 in its central portion 30 (see...). Figure 4 The battery volume portion 96 is in fluid communication with the electrochemical active layer 32 via the porous region 98.

[0077] In a preferred example, the interconnect plate 92 is basin-shaped and has a flanged perimeter feature 100 surrounding its outer perimeter 28. The flanged perimeter feature 100 is preferably formed by pressing the interconnect plate 92 against a concave structure (or alternatively, additionally by pressing a support plate 94 against the concave structure). Figure 4 As can be seen, the support plate 94 and the interconnect plate 92 are preferably connected along the long sides 36-1 and 36-2 at the flange-type peripheral feature 100 by welding, thereby forming the flange portions 90-1 and 90-2 of the battery cell 18.

[0078] like Figure 4As shown, the flange-type perimeter feature 100 is raised above the central portion 30 of the interconnect plate 92, such that the flange-type perimeter feature 100 extends in a first plane, which is offset relative to a second plane along which the central portion 30 of the interconnect plate 92 extends, thereby providing gaps 88-1, 88-2 between the flange portions 90-1, 90-2 of adjacent battery cells.

[0079] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the interconnect plate 92 has a structured region 102 in its central portion 30, the structured region 102 having a shaped outward protrusion 104 extending along the stacking direction 20. The structured region 102 forms a contact region for the battery cell 18, which is used to contact adjacent battery cells 18, particularly the electrochemical active layer 32 of the adjacent battery cell 18 (see [reference]). Figure 4 More specifically, the outward protrusion 104 abuts at its end against the outer surface of the electrochemical active layer 32 of the adjacent battery cell 18, thereby defining the aforementioned first fluid channel 86 between the adjacent battery cells 18. The protrusion 104 may be pressed or formed in the interconnect plate. Channels may be used instead of discrete protrusions.

[0080] To supply fluid, particularly fuel, to the battery volume 96 between the support plate 94 and the interconnect plate 92 (and thus to the electrochemical active layer 32) or to remove fluid from the battery volume 96, each battery cell 18 has at least one (four in a specific example) through-hole 48 formed therein, which is in fluid communication with the electrochemical active layer 32 of the battery cell 18 via the battery volume 96 and the porous region 98. Specifically, both the support plate 94 and the interconnect plate 92 have corresponding through-holes 48. These through-holes 48 form fluid ports 50 of the aforementioned battery cell 18. In a specific example, each battery cell 18 includes two second fluid (e.g., fuel) inlet ports 106 and two second fluid (e.g., fuel) outlet ports 108 (see [link to example]). Figure 2 ).

[0081] like Figure 2 As schematically shown, within each battery cell 18, a second fluid (e.g., fuel) flows from two second fluid inlet ports 106 to a second fluid outlet port 108, with the net fuel flow direction 110 extending along the first direction 22. In practice, multiple flow paths will pass through the battery volume 96, and these paths can be straight or coiled, depending on the design of the battery cell 18. It should be understood that the second fluid ports 106 and 108 can alternatively be used as the second fluid outlet port and the second fluid inlet port, respectively.

[0082] According to the present invention, a flow limiting device 112 is provided between adjacent battery cells 18. The flow limiting device 112 includes at least one flow limiting member 114, which is used to reduce or prevent the (first) fluid flow, preferably air flow, via the external flow path 84 (i.e. through the gaps 88-1, 88-2 provided between the first flange portion 90-1 and the second flange portion 90-2 of the adjacent battery cells 18).

[0083] Figure 7 A first example is shown, wherein the current limiting device 100 includes a first current limiting member 114-1 and a second current limiting member 114-2, the first current limiting member 114-1 being located in the gap 88-1 between the first flange portions 90-1 of adjacent battery cells 18, and the second current limiting member 114-2 being located in the gap 88-2 between the second flange portions 90-2.

[0084] exist Figure 8 In the example, Figure 7 The flow-limiting components 114-1 and 114-2 are in the form of strips 116, which extend along a first direction 22. In this example, the strips 116 extend along the first direction 22 and cover the entire length of the central portion 30.

[0085] In other embodiments, the strip 116 may extend only a portion of the extension range of the respective flanges 90-1, 90-2. In such embodiments, it may be advantageous if the strip 116 is located in the respective downstream portion 117 of the flanges 90-1, 90-2.

[0086] In this example, strip 116 extends along the stacking direction 20 across the entire height 118 of the corresponding gaps 88-1, 88-2. Therefore, strip 116 abuts against the upper surface of the support plate 94 of the battery cell 18 and the lower surface of the interconnect plate 92 of the adjacent battery cell 18 (see [link to example]). Figure 7 In other embodiments, strip 116 may extend only a portion of the height 118 of the corresponding gaps 88-1, 88-2 along the stacking direction 20.

[0087] In a preferred embodiment, strip 116 is formed of vermiculite material. Strip 116 can be bonded to support plate 94 and / or interconnect plate 94 by adhesive bonding.

[0088] In other embodiments, the strip 116 can be printed directly onto the support plate 94, for example, by 3D printing.

[0089] In another embodiment, the flow-limiting members 114-1, 114-2 can be provided by a paste, which is applied to the corresponding gaps 88-1, 88-2 between the flanges 90-1, 90-2. In a preferred embodiment, the paste is a vermiculite paste.

[0090] Figure 9 A second example is shown, wherein the electrochemical cell assembly 10 includes a comb-shaped current limiter 120 having a shaft portion 122 and a series of protrusions 124 extending along a stacking direction 20 and the series of protrusions 124 protruding from the shaft portion 122 along a second direction 24.

[0091] like Figure 9 As shown, the comb-shaped current limiting member 120 is arranged such that each of the protrusions 124 extends in a corresponding gap 88-1 formed between the flanges 90-1 of adjacent battery cells 18, thereby forming a current limiting member 114. The protrusions 124 may extend at least throughout the central portion 30 in the first direction 22 (in Figure 9 (Perpendicular to the plane of the attached drawing). The electrochemical battery assembly 10 preferably includes a second current limiter 120 (not shown), which is located on the opposite side of the stack 16 (i.e., on the second long side of the battery cell 18). The first current limiter 120 and the second current limiter 120 can be constructed in the same manner.

[0092] Figure 10 A third example is shown, in which the current limiting device 112 includes a U-shaped clip 126, which can be positioned or pinned to a corresponding flange 90 of the battery cell 18 (for simplicity, Figure 10 (The interconnect plate 92 and the support plate 94 are not shown as separate components). Preferably, the battery cell 18 has a recess 128 formed in the outer edge 130 (outer perimeter) of the flange 90, the recess 128 for receiving the clip 126 such that the clip 126 does not extend radially into the outer perimeter or covered area of ​​the flange 90. The clip 126 can be welded to the battery cell 18.

[0093] Figure 11 and Figure 12 A fourth example is shown, wherein each battery cell 18 has two recesses 132 formed in both the first flange 90-1 and the second flange 90-2. The recesses 132 of adjacent battery cells 18 are stacked on top of each other along the stacking direction 20 to define corresponding inward groove channels extending along the stacking direction 20. A flow-limiting beam 134 is provided in each of the channels. Figure 12As can be seen, the beam-like member 134 extends along the stacking direction 20 throughout the entire height of the preferred stack 16, and locally reduces the cross-sectional area of ​​the gaps 88-1, 88-2 formed between the flanges 90-1, 90-2 of adjacent battery cells 18. In a preferred example, the beam-like member 134 is formed of mica. It should be understood that in Figure 11 For example, each battery cell 18 has two recesses 132 formed in the first flange portion 90-1 and two recesses 132 formed in the second flange portion 90-2, and the flange portion may have a different number of recesses (preferably, but not necessarily, the same number, opposite to each other on the battery cell), such as one, three, etc.

[0094] Figure 13 A fifth example is shown, in which the current-limiting member 114 is provided by a current-limiting gasket 136. Specifically, at least a subset of the gaskets 44 of the stack 16 are current-limiting gaskets 136, preferably at least the gaskets 44 surrounding the second fluid inlet port 106 of the respective battery cell 18 are current-limiting gaskets 136. Figure 13 As shown, each flow-limiting washer 136 includes a body 138 and a protrusion 140 (extension). The body 138 surrounds a corresponding fluid port 106, and the protrusion 140 protrudes from the body 138 along a second direction 24. The protrusion 140 preferably includes a shaped end 142 extending into corresponding gaps 88-1, 88-2 formed between flanges 90-1, 90-2, thereby preventing first fluid from passing through the gaps 80-1, 80-2. Two washers 124 are spaced apart from each other along the second direction 24 to allow fluid to flow along the inner flow path 82. In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the body 138 of the corresponding flow-limiting washer 136 in the stacking direction 20 is greater than the thickness of the protrusion 140. In a preferred example, the flow-limiting washer 136 is formed of vermiculite material.

[0095] Figure 14 and Figure 15 Sixth and seventh examples are shown, wherein the outer edge 144 of the corresponding flange 90 is bent such that the flange 90 protrudes into and at least partially fills the gap 80 between the flanges 90 of adjacent battery cells 18, thereby restricting fluid flow through the gap. Figure 14 In the example, both interconnect plate 92 and support plate 94 are bent. Figure 15 In the example, only the support plate 94 is bent. In this case, the support plate 94 extends on the interconnect plate 92 in the battery plane. Alternatively, only the interconnect plate 92 is bent.

[0096] In embodiments not shown, several described variations of the flow limiting device 112 may be combined. For example, the flow limiting device 112 may include a flow limiting member 114 formed of a flow limiting pad 136, and additionally include a flow limiting member 114 formed of a vermiculite material strip 116.

Claims

1. An electrochemical battery assembly (10), preferably a fuel cell assembly or an electrolytic battery assembly, said electrochemical battery assembly (10) comprising: A stack (16) of battery cells (18), the stack (16) of battery cells (18) comprising a plurality of battery cells (18), the plurality of battery cells (18) being stacked on top of each other along a stacking direction (20), in: Each battery cell (18) extends along a first direction (22) and a second direction (24) perpendicular to the stacking direction (20); Each battery cell (18) has an outer periphery (28) and a central portion (30) surrounded by the outer periphery (28), the central portion (30) preferably including an electrochemically active layer (32). The outer peripheral portion (30) has a first flange portion (90-1) and an opposing second flange portion (90-2), the first flange portion (90-1) and the second flange portion (90-2) each extending along the first direction (22); The central portion (30) is located between the first flange portion (90-1) and the second flange portion (90-2); The flange portions (90-1, 90-2) of adjacent battery cells (18) are stacked on top of each other and separated by gaps (88-1, 88-2); Between two adjacent battery cells (18), there is: - A fluid flow path (80) for the first fluid, the fluid flow path (80) comprising an inner flow path (82) and an outer flow path (84), the inner flow path (82) being between the central portions (30) of adjacent battery cells (18), and the outer flow path (84) passing through the gaps (88-1, 88-2) between the flange portions (90-1, 90-2) of adjacent battery cells (18); and - A flow limiting device (112) comprising at least one flow limiting member (114-1, 114-2) configured to reduce or prevent fluid from flowing along the external flow path (84).

2. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to claim 1, wherein, The flow limiting device (112) is configured to reduce the cross-section of the external flow path (84) by at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, and even more preferably at least 90%.

3. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, At least one current limiting member (114-1) is provided in the gap (88-1) between the first flange portions (90-1) of adjacent battery cells (118); and / or at least one current limiting member (114-2) is provided in the gap (88-2) between the second flange portions (90-2) of adjacent battery cells (18).

4. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein, At least one of the flow-limiting members (114) extends elongatedly along the first direction (22).

5. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein, At least one of the flow-limiting members (114) extends only a portion of the extension range of the corresponding flange (90-1, 90-2) in the first direction (22).

6. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein, At least one of the flow-limiting members (114) is positioned at the downstream portion (117) of the corresponding flange (90-1, 90-2).

7. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to claim 4, wherein, At least one of the flow-limiting members (114) extends in the first direction (22) over the entire extension range of the central portion (30).

8. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, At least one of the flow-limiting members (114) is formed of a deformable material, preferably an elastically deformable material, to compensate for the variation in the height (118) of the gaps (88-1, 88-2) along the stacking direction (20).

9. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, At least one of the flow-limiting components (114) is formed of vermiculite material.

10. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The flow limiting member (114) or at least one of the flow limiting members (114) is formed of a strip (116) of vermiculite material extending along the first direction (22).

11. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The current limiting member (114) or at least one of the current limiting members (114) is printed on the flange portion (90-1, 90-2) of the battery cell (18), preferably 3D printed on the flange portion (90-1, 90-2) of the battery cell (18).

12. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The current limiting member (114) or at least one of the current limiting members (114) is formed of a paste disposed in the gap (80) between adjacent battery cells (18), preferably disposed between the flanges (90) of adjacent battery cells (18).

13. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein, The paste includes vermiculite material.

14. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The current limiting member (114) or at least one of the current limiting members (114) is provided by a clip (126) which is positioned on the corresponding flange (90) of the battery cell (18).

15. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein, The clip (126) is U-shaped.

16. The electrochemical cell assembly (10) according to claim 14 or 15, wherein, The clip (126) is fixedly attached to the battery cell (18), preferably by welding.

17. The electrochemical cell assembly (10) according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein, The battery cell (18) has a recess (128) formed in the outer edge (130) of the flange (90) to accommodate the clip (126) such that the clip (126) does not extend radially to the outer periphery of the battery cell (18).

18. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The flow limiting members (114) of adjacent flow limiting devices (112) are aligned such that the flow limiting members (114) are stacked along the stacking direction (20).

19. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The current limiting components (114) of at least a subset of adjacent current limiting devices (112) are connected by a common current limiting component (120), preferably provided by the common current limiting component (120).

20. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The electrochemical cell assembly (10) includes at least one comb-shaped current limiter (120) having a shaft portion (122) and a series of protrusions (124) extending along the stacking direction (20), and the series of protrusions (124) protruding from the shaft portion (122), preferably in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction (20), wherein the comb-shaped current limiter (120) is arranged such that each of the protrusions (124) extends in a corresponding gap (80) between the flange portions (90) of adjacent cell cells (18) to form a current limiting member (114).

21. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Each battery cell (18) has at least one recess (132) formed in either or both of the first flange (90-1) and the second flange (90-2), and the corresponding recesses (132) of adjacent battery cells (18) are aligned to define an inner groove channel extending along the stacking direction (20), wherein the current limiting members (114) of at least a subset of adjacent current limiting devices (112) are formed by beams (134) extending along the stacking direction (20) in the inner groove channel.

22. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein, The beam-shaped member (134) is formed of ceramic material, preferably mica.

23. The electrochemical cell assembly (10) according to claim 21 or 22, wherein, The beam-shaped member (134) extends along the stacking direction (20) throughout the entire height of the stack (16).

24. The electrochemical cell assembly (10) according to any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein, Each recess (134) extends along the second direction (24) across the entire width of the corresponding flange (90).

25. The electrochemical cell assembly (10) according to any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein, Each battery cell (18) has at least one recess (134), at least one of the recesses (134) being formed in each of the first flange (90-10) and the second flange (90-2), and the recesses (134) being aligned along the first direction (22).

26. The electrochemical cell assembly (10) according to any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein, Each battery cell (18) includes a support plate (94) and an interconnect plate (92), wherein the support plate (94) and the interconnect plate (92) are stacked on top of each other along the stacking direction (20) and are preferably attached to each other to enclose a battery volume (96) between the support plate (94) and the interconnect plate (92), wherein at least one of the recesses (134) is formed in both the interconnect plate (92) and the support plate (94).

27. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The current limiting member (114) or at least one of the current limiting members (114) is provided by the outer edge portion (144) of the outer peripheral portion (28), preferably by the outer edge portion (144) of the corresponding flange portion (90), the outer edge portion (144) being bent such that the outer edge portion (144) protrudes into the gap (80) located between the flange portions (90) of adjacent battery cells (18) and at least partially fills the gap (80).

28. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein, Each battery cell (18) includes a support plate (94) and an interconnect plate (92), wherein the support plate (94) and the interconnect plate (92) are stacked on top of each other along the stacking direction (20) and are preferably attached to each other to enclose a battery volume portion (96) between the support plate (94) and the interconnect plate (92), wherein the outer edge portion (144) of the outer peripheral portion (28) is formed by the outer edge portion (144) of the support plate (94) and / or the interconnect plate (92).

29. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The flow limiting member (114) or at least one of the flow limiting members (114) is formed by a weld, preferably by a butt weld.

30. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Each battery cell (18) also includes at least one fluid port (50) for a second fluid, the at least one of the fluid ports (50) preferably being in the form of a through hole (48) extending along the stacking direction (20), the at least one of the fluid ports (50) being associated with a gasket (44) surrounding the at least one of the fluid ports (50), wherein the gasket (44) is a current-limiting gasket (136) having a body (138) and a protrusion (140), the body (138) surrounding the associated fluid port (50), the protrusion (140) protruding from the body (138) into the gap (80) located between the flanges (90) of adjacent battery cells (18), thereby forming a current-limiting member (114).

31. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein, The thickness of the protrusion (140) along the stacking direction (20) is less than the thickness of the body (138).

32. The electrochemical battery assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The outer peripheral portion (28) includes a first flange portion (90-1) and an opposing second flange portion (90-2), wherein the outflow path (84) includes a first portion outflow path and a second portion outflow path, the first portion outflow path passing through a first gap (88-1) formed between the first flange portions (90-1) of adjacent battery cells (18), and the second portion outflow path passing through a second gap (88-2) formed between the second flange portions (90-2) of adjacent battery cells (18), wherein the flow limiting device (112) is configured to selectively reduce or prevent fluid from flowing through one of the first portion outflow path and the second portion outflow path.

33. The electrochemical battery assembly according to the preceding claim, wherein, A flow-limiting member (114) is preferably provided in the downstream portion of one of the first gap (88-1) and the second gap (88-2).

34. The electrochemical battery assembly (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The electrochemical battery assembly (10) also includes: - Housing (60), the housing (60) surrounds the stack (16) of the battery cell (18) to define or enclose the fluid volume (66). - Fluid inlet port (72), the fluid inlet port (72) is used to supply fluid from the outside of the electrochemical cell assembly (10) to the fluid volume (66). - Fluid outlet port (74), the fluid outlet port (74) is used to remove fluid from the fluid volume (66), The battery cell (18) extends along the first direction (22) from the fluid inlet port (72) to the fluid outlet port (74).

35. A current limiting device for an electrochemical cell assembly (10), preferably a fuel cell assembly or an electrolytic cell assembly, the current limiting device (112) comprising at least one current limiting member (114-1, 114-2), and the current limiting device (112) being configured to reduce or prevent fluid from flowing along an external flow path (84) through the gap (88-1, 88-2) between the flanges (90-1, 90-2) of adjacent cell cells (18) in the electrochemical cell assembly (10).

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