A device for improving in-situ solid waste of planting pit soil based on air hole remodeling under layer-by-layer quick freezing

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and discloses a device for improving in-situ solid waste of a planting pit soil based on air hole reshaping under layer-by-layer quick freezing, which comprises a mobile vehicle body provided with mobile wheels, a drilling mechanism and a combined plasticizing mechanism are arranged in the mobile vehicle body, and a PLC controller on the mobile vehicle body is used for controlling the drilling mechanism and the combined plasticizing mechanism to work; the drilling mechanism is used for realizing the excavation of the planting pit and the collection of the in-situ soil. The combined plasticizing mechanism is used for realizing the mixing of coal-based solid waste and the original soil and the secondary plasticizing of the soil pores. The device adopts the drilling mechanism to realize the vertical layering and accurate excavation of the original soil, the excavated soil and the modified material are directly backfilled to the original pit position after completing the quantitative proportioning and uniform mixing, and the integrated in-situ operation of "soil taking-mixing-backfilling" is realized; the device can effectively improve the porosity of the modified soil, effectively increase the water storage space and the air permeability of the soil, and provide a good environment for the growth of plant root systems and the activity of microorganisms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil improvement technology, specifically to an in-situ solid waste improvement device for planting pit soil based on layer-by-layer quick-freezing and stomatal remodeling. Background Technology

[0002] At the engineering application level, the ecological restoration of degraded soil is a core task to ensure regional ecological security and sustainable development. At the same time, the large-scale harmless and resource-based utilization of coal-based solid waste is also a key issue that the coal industry urgently needs to address in its green transformation.

[0003] However, existing coal-based solid waste soil improvement technologies still have significant limitations in engineering practice, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the multiple requirements of low disturbance, low cost, high performance, and long-term effectiveness. The current technological contradiction lies in the irreconcilable conflict between the soil improvement effect and the degree of construction disturbance, and the lack of effective engineering means to actively regulate soil pore structure. Specifically, achieving comprehensive improvement in soil structure and nutrients often requires large-scale earthwork excavation, transportation, and off-site mixing, which not only significantly increases construction costs and carbon emissions but also severely damages the structure of surrounding non-degraded soils and vegetation root systems, even triggering new soil erosion. Conversely, small-scale in-situ tillage improvement makes it difficult to ensure uniform mixing of modified materials with the soil and cannot effectively reshape the soil's internal pore structure, resulting in limited improvement in water and fertilizer retention capacity. Furthermore, the contradiction between the strong soil evaporation demand in arid and semi-arid regions and the environmental defects and insufficient durability of existing water-retention technologies further exacerbates the difficulty and cost of ecological restoration.

[0004] Current technological systems do not yet provide a systematic solution to the above-mentioned contradictions and suffer from the following key technological deficiencies: I. Lack of precise and controllable in-situ soil remediation mechanisms. Existing in-situ soil improvement technologies mostly employ large-scale excavation with excavators or deep tillage with rotary tillers, which cannot achieve precise, vertical, and layered replacement of locally degraded soil, resulting in large-scale construction disturbance.

[0005] Second, the methods for regulating soil pore structure are passive and singular. Existing technologies mainly improve soil structure by adjusting the amount of coal-based solid waste and the degree of mechanical compaction. They cannot actively induce the formation of directional and interconnected pore channels, making it difficult to accurately control porosity and pore size distribution. It is also difficult to achieve the optimal balance between water retention capacity and aeration performance, which is not conducive to the penetrating growth of plant roots and the activity of soil microorganisms.

[0006] Third, surface water retention technology has dual drawbacks in terms of both environment and durability. Although traditional plastic film mulching has a good short-term water retention effect, it is difficult to degrade naturally, and long-term use will cause serious white pollution of soil. Organic mulching materials such as straw and dead branches are easily washed away by rainwater and eroded by wind, and decompose quickly, with a short water retention period, requiring frequent replacement, which greatly increases the later maintenance cost.

[0007] IV. Construction is limited by the season and the synergistic effect of coal-based solid waste is not fully utilized. Existing improvement technologies are mostly concentrated in spring and summer construction. Winter soil freezing makes operation difficult, significantly shortening the effective construction period each year. Furthermore, most technologies use only one type of coal-based solid waste for improvement, failing to fully utilize the synergistic effects of coal gangue, fly ash, and desulfurized gypsum in structural improvement, nutrient supply, and pH adjustment, resulting in excessively rapid nutrient release and insufficient long-term effectiveness. Therefore, we have introduced an in-situ solid waste improvement device for planting pit soil based on layer-by-layer rapid freezing and vesicular remodeling. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide an in-situ solid waste improvement device for planting pit soil based on layer-by-layer quick-freezing and pore remodeling, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A device for in-situ solid waste improvement of planting pit soil based on layer-by-layer quick-freezing and pore reshaping includes a mobile vehicle with wheels, a drilling mechanism and a combined molding mechanism inside the mobile vehicle, and a PLC controller on the mobile vehicle for controlling the operation of the drilling mechanism and the combined molding mechanism. The drilling mechanism includes a first outer cylinder with an open bottom, a first inner cylinder with an open bottom installed inside the first outer cylinder by a first lifter, a first-stage spiral conveying assembly installed in the center inside the first inner cylinder, a cutting tooth soil breaking mechanism connected to the bottom of the first-stage spiral conveying assembly, and a second-stage spiral conveying assembly connected to the top side of the first-stage spiral conveying assembly. The combined molding mechanism includes a mixing component, a cooling component, a slurry conveying component, a second outer cylinder with an open bottom, a second inner cylinder with an open bottom installed inside the second outer cylinder using a second lifter, and a soil layering and spreading component installed in the center inside the second inner cylinder. The secondary spiral conveying assembly extends through a slot on the side of the first outer cylinder and communicates with the mixing assembly; After the first inner cylinder descends and extends out of the bottom of the moving vehicle, it uses a toothed soil crushing mechanism to crush the soil and break up the solidified hard blocks in the soil. Then, the soil is transported to the mixing component through a primary screw conveyor assembly and a secondary screw conveyor assembly. The second inner cylinder then extends into the planting pit. The mixing component mixes the soil and coal-based solid waste and then transports it into the second inner cylinder. Combined with the upward movement of the first inner cylinder, the soil is spread in layers by the soil layering component. The soil below is then cooled by the cooling component. Finally, the slurry conveying component sprays slurry to cover the soil surface.

[0010] Preferably, the first lifting device includes a first guide rail fixed to the inner wall of the first outer cylinder, a first slide block slidably connected to the first guide rail, a first gearbox fixed to the first slide block, and a first lifting motor installed on the side of the first gearbox; The first gearbox is fixed to the outer wall of the first inner cylinder, and the output end of the first lifting motor is connected to the first lifting gear located inside the first gearbox. The first lifting gear meshes with the first lifting rack on the first guide rail.

[0011] Preferably, the primary spiral conveying assembly includes a primary conveying cylinder fixed inside the first inner cylinder, a primary conveying motor fixed to the top of the primary conveying cylinder, and a primary spiral auger disposed inside the primary conveying cylinder, wherein the primary spiral auger is driven by the primary conveying motor. The secondary spiral conveying assembly includes a secondary horizontal conveying cylinder connected to the top side of the primary conveying cylinder, a conveying corrugated pipe connected to the end of the secondary horizontal conveying cylinder after extending out of the first outer cylinder, a secondary vertical conveying cylinder connected to the bottom of the conveying corrugated pipe, and a soil conveying pipe set on the top side of the secondary vertical conveying cylinder. An intermediate conveying motor is provided in the middle of the side of the secondary horizontal conveying cylinder, and the secondary horizontal spiral auger inside the secondary horizontal conveying cylinder is driven by the intermediate conveying motor. The middle part of the secondary horizontal spiral auger is fixed with a first driven large bevel gear. The middle part of the secondary horizontal spiral auger is also provided with a first transmission box. The first driven large bevel gear is located inside the first transmission box. The output end of the intermediate conveying motor extends into the first transmission box and is fixed with a first driving small bevel gear. The first driving small bevel gear meshes with the first driven large bevel gear. A secondary conveying motor is installed at the top of the secondary vertical conveying cylinder, and the secondary vertical spiral auger inside the secondary vertical conveying cylinder is driven by the secondary conveying motor.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the primary conveying cylinder is provided with a limiting plate, the upper end of the limiting plate is provided with a fixed toothed ring, the bottom side of the primary conveying cylinder is provided with a soil inlet groove, the outer side of the bottom of the primary conveying cylinder is sleeved with a first nested ring seat located above the soil inlet groove, the inner wall of the upper end of the first nested ring seat is provided with an inner toothed ring, and the lower end of the first nested ring seat is fixed with a rotating toothed ring. The first transmission shaft is mounted on the side of the primary conveying cylinder using two sets of upper and lower bearing seats. The transmission gear fixed at the bottom of the first transmission shaft meshes with the internal gear ring, and the top of the first transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the output end of the first drive motor.

[0013] Preferably, the toothed soil-crushing mechanism includes a rotating cylinder sleeved on the outside of the first nested ring seat, a soil-shoveling box symmetrically installed on the outside of the rotating cylinder, a soil-crushing roller rotatably connected inside the soil-shoveling box, and toothed discs symmetrically installed on the outside of the rotating cylinder using a connecting frame. The inner wall of the rotating drum is symmetrically provided with soil inlet boxes, and the inner wall of the soil inlet boxes is closely attached to the outer wall of the bottom of the primary conveying drum; The outer side of the rotating drum is also equipped with a scraper located on the side of the soil inlet box; The roller shaft in the middle of the soil crushing roller extends into the inside of the rotating drum and is then fixed with a first-stage large gear and a first-stage small gear in sequence. The first-stage large gear meshes with the bottom of the rotating gear ring, and the bottom of the first-stage small gear meshes with a second-stage large gear. A second-stage small gear is fixed to the side of the second-stage large gear, and the second-stage small gear meshes with the top of the fixed gear ring. The rotating drum sits on the upper end of the limiting plate; The connecting frame includes a top rod fixed to the outside of the rotating drum, a bottom rod fixed to the bottom of the top rod by a vertical rod, and the cutting tooth disc fixed on the bottom rod.

[0014] Preferably, the mixing assembly includes a mixing bin, a mixing auger disposed inside the mixing bin, and a first conveyor box connected between the bottom of the mixing bin and the top sealing cover of the second outer cylinder; The mixing auger is driven by a mixing motor on the side of the mixing tank. The bottom of the mixing tank is equipped with a discharge pipe, which is located above the bottom of the first conveyor box. The first conveyor box is equipped with a first conveyor belt. The top of the mobile vehicle is equipped with a feeding trough that connects to the top of the mixing tank. The slurry conveying assembly includes a water tank, a mixing tank connected to the bottom of the water tank, a mixing assembly installed inside the mixing tank, a slurry conveying pump connected to the bottom of the mixing tank, and a slurry conveying pipe connected between the discharge port of the slurry conveying pump and the top sealing cover of the top of the second outer cylinder. The mixing tank is provided with a slurry raw material feeding trough extending out of the moving vehicle body on the top side, and the water injection pipe at the top of the water tank is sealed with an end cap after extending out of the top of the moving vehicle body. A stirring motor is installed on the side of the mixing tank. The first worm at the output end of the stirring motor meshes with a first worm wheel. The first worm wheel is connected to a second worm by a first transmission rod. The stirring assembly includes a stirring rod, a second worm gear fixed to the top of the stirring rod, and stirring blades fixed to the side of the stirring rod. A second transmission box is provided on the outside of the second worm gear, and the second worm extends into the second transmission box and meshes with the second worm gear.

[0015] Preferably, the second lifting device includes a second guide rail fixed to the inner wall of the second outer cylinder, a second slide block slidably connected to the second guide rail, a second gearbox fixed to the second slide block, and a second lifting motor installed on the side of the second gearbox; The second gearbox is fixed to the outer wall of the second inner cylinder, and the output end of the second lifting motor is connected to the second lifting gear located inside the second gearbox. The second lifting gear meshes with the second lifting rack on the second guide rail.

[0016] Preferably, the soil layering and spreading assembly includes a second drive motor installed at the top of the second inner cylinder, a hollow second transmission shaft connected to the output end of the second drive motor, a sleeve sleeved on the outside of the second transmission shaft, a third transmission box rotatably connected to the bottom of the sleeve, a spreading shaft rotatably connected to the third transmission box, and spreading teeth connected to both ends of the spreading shaft after passing through the third transmission box. The second drive motor is fixed on the cross at the top of the second inner cylinder; A sun gear is fixed to the bottom of the sleeve. A third worm gear is connected to the bottom of the second drive shaft after passing through the sun gear. The third worm gear meshes with a third worm wheel fixed on the paving shaft. A first driven gear is also fixed on the paving shaft. A second driven gear meshes with the top of the first driven gear. A second driving small bevel gear is fixed to the side of the second driven gear. A second driven large bevel gear meshes with the top of the second driving small bevel gear. A planetary driven gear is connected to the top of the second driven large bevel gear. The planetary driven gear meshes with the side of the sun gear.

[0017] Preferably, the cooling assembly includes an ice and snow crushing box, two sets of ice and snow crushing rollers symmetrically arranged inside the ice and snow crushing box, an ice and snow discharge pipe arranged at the bottom of the ice and snow crushing box, and a second conveyor box connected between the ice and snow discharge pipe and the top of the second outer cylinder. An ice and snow crushing motor is installed on the side of the ice and snow crushing box. The output end of the ice and snow crushing motor is engaged by a third driving small bevel gear and a third driven large bevel gear. The two ends of the third driven large bevel gear are connected to a fourth worm gear. The bottom of the fourth worm gear is engaged with a fourth worm wheel fixed at the end of the ice and snow crushing roller. The second conveyor box is equipped with a second conveyor belt, and the top side of the ice and snow crushing box is equipped with an ice and snow input slot that extends out of the moving vehicle body.

[0018] Preferably, the cooling assembly includes a water supply assembly and a cooling air assembly connected to the bottom of the second inner cylinder; The water replenishment assembly includes a water pump connected to the bottom of the water tank, a second water inlet pipe connected to the outlet of the water pump via a first water inlet pipe, and a main water outlet pipe connected to the second water inlet pipe after passing through the inside of the second drive shaft. The main water outlet pipe extends through the third transmission box and is connected to a branch water outlet pipe; The bottom of the second inner cylinder is equipped with a bottom nested ring seat, and a rotating ring is rotatably nested on the outer bottom of the bottom nested ring seat. A reciprocating drive motor is installed on the side of the bottom nested ring seat, and the reciprocating drive gear at the output end of the reciprocating drive motor meshes with the teeth at the upper end of the rotating ring. The air conditioning assembly includes an air conditioning cylinder, a heat exchanger connected to the air conditioning cylinder by an air conditioning pipe, an air pump connected to the heat exchanger by an air inlet pipe, and a cooling air pipe installed inside a rotating ring. The bottom of the heat exchanger is connected to the cooling air pipe by an air outlet corrugated pipe.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention employs a drilling mechanism to achieve precise vertical layering excavation of undisturbed soil. After quantitative proportioning and uniform mixing of the excavated soil and modified materials (coal-based solid waste), it is directly backfilled into the original pit location, realizing an integrated in-situ operation of "soil extraction-mixing-backfilling". It eliminates the need for large-scale earthwork excavation and off-site transportation, strictly controlling the construction disturbance range within the diameter of the planting pit, and avoiding damage to the surrounding native soil structure and vegetation.

[0020] This invention involves spreading uniformly mixed modified soil in layers within a planting pit. Each soil layer is independently frozen and solidified using the natural low temperatures of winter snow and ice or artificial refrigeration devices (i.e., water supply components and air conditioning components). By controlling the spreading thickness and freezing rate, water crystallization between soil particles is induced to form oriented ice crystals. After the ice sublimates, it forms a continuous, interconnected three-dimensional porous network structure within the modified soil. Compared to traditional compaction processes, this method effectively increases the porosity of the modified soil, significantly enhances soil water retention and aeration, and provides a favorable environment for plant root growth and microbial activity.

[0021] This invention uses coal gangue powder, fly ash, and desulfurized gypsum mixed with water in an optimized ratio to prepare a special surface covering material. A 3-5 cm thick covering layer is laid on the soil surface of the planting pit. This covering layer can form a dual effect of physical barrier and capillary blockage, significantly reducing the vertical evaporation rate of soil moisture, while effectively blocking surface runoff from eroding the surface soil. The covering material itself has a certain water absorption and retention capacity, which can store water during rainfall and slowly release it to the lower soil layer, further prolonging the soil wetting cycle and solving the problem of soil water retention difficulties in mining areas in arid and semi-arid regions.

[0022] This invention utilizes the physicochemical properties and synergistic effects of nutrients in coal-based solid waste (i.e., a mixture of coal gangue powder, fly ash, and desulfurized gypsum in a specific ratio) to construct a long-lasting, slow-release nutrient system. Fly ash provides the micronutrients such as silicon, aluminum, and iron required for plant growth, while desulfurized gypsum supplements calcium and sulfur nutrients and regulates soil pH. Coal gangue powder slowly decomposes to release organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements. Combined with added ecological fertilizer, this allows for a gradient release of nutrients, avoiding the short-term nutrient loss and seedling burn problems associated with traditional fast-acting fertilizers, and providing a continuous and stable nutrient supply for the entire plant growth cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the entire invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drilling mechanism and the combined molding mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from another perspective; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the drilling mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the first lifting device and the first inner cylinder of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first lifting device of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the primary screw conveyor assembly, the toothed soil crushing mechanism, and the secondary screw conveyor assembly of the present invention. Figure 8 A schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the primary spiral auger, the secondary horizontal spiral auger, and the secondary vertical spiral auger of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the intermediate conveying motor and the secondary horizontal spiral auger of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate conveying motor driving the secondary horizontal spiral auger of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the primary conveying cylinder, the first nested ring seat, and the limiting disk of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the toothed soil-breaking mechanism of the present invention; Figure 13 This is an exploded structural diagram of the assembly of the first nested ring seat, the toothed soil-breaking mechanism, and the primary conveying cylinder of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first nested ring seat, the fixed toothed ring, and the driving connection of the soil crushing roller in this invention. Figure 15 For the present invention Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from another perspective; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the first nested ring seat, the first-stage conveying cylinder, the second-stage large gear, the second-stage small gear, the first-stage large gear, and the first-stage small gear of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the meshing structure of the rotating gear ring, the second-stage large gear, the second-stage small gear, the first-stage large gear, the first-stage small gear, and the fixed gear ring of the present invention. Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the combined molding mechanism of the present invention; Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the stirring motor and the stirring rod of the present invention; Figure 20This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stirring motor of the present invention driving the stirring rod through the first transmission rod; Figure 21 For the present invention Figure 18 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from another perspective; Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the ice and snow crushing box and the ice and snow crushing motor of the present invention; Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ice and snow crushing motor driving the ice and snow crushing roller of the present invention; Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the mixing motor and mixing tank of the present invention; Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the mixing auger and mixing bin of the present invention; Figure 26 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second inner cylinder and heat exchanger of the present invention; Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second lifting device of the present invention; Figure 28 This is an exploded structural diagram of the assembly of the rotating ring and the second inner cylinder of the present invention; Figure 29 For the present invention Figure 28 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from another perspective; Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the sleeve and the third transmission box of the present invention; Figure 31 This is a schematic diagram of the structure by which the second drive shaft drives the paving shaft according to the present invention; Figure 32 For the present invention Figure 31 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from another perspective; Figure 33 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the second water inlet pipe, the main water outlet pipe, and the branch water outlet pipe of the present invention. Figure 34 A schematic diagram showing the structure of the third transmission box, sleeve, and third worm gear of the present invention; Figure 35 For the present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from the bottom view.

[0024] In the picture: 1. PLC controller; 2. Drilling mechanism; 201. First lifting device; 2011. First lifting motor; 2012. First guide rail; 2013. First slide block; 2014. First gearbox; 2015. First lifting rack; 202. Secondary horizontal conveying cylinder; 203. Primary conveying motor; 204. First drive motor; 205. Secondary conveying motor; 206. Intermediate conveying motor; 207. First transmission shaft; 208. First nested ring seat; 209. Fixed gear ring; 210. Cutting and soil-breaking mechanism; 21001. Rotary drum; 21002. Soil inlet box; 21003. Scraper; 21004. Soil-breaking roller; 21005. Soil-shoveling box; 21006. Top rod; 21007. Vertical rod; 21008. Cutting Gear disc; 21009, base rod; 21010, secondary large gear; 21011, secondary small gear; 21012, primary large gear; 21013, primary small gear; 211, first driving small bevel gear; 212, primary spiral auger; 213, secondary horizontal spiral auger; 214, conveying bellows; 215, secondary vertical spiral auger; 216, first outer cylinder; 217, first inner cylinder; 218, secondary vertical conveying cylinder; 219, soil conveying pipe; 220, primary conveying cylinder; 221, first transmission box; 222, first driven large bevel gear; 223, bearing seat; 224, transmission gear; 225, internal gear ring; 226, rotating gear ring; 227, limiting disc; 228, soil inlet channel; 3. Combined molding mechanism; 301. Water tank; 302. Water pump; 303. Mixing tank; 304. Mixing motor; 305. Slurry conveying pump; 306. Cooling cylinder; 307. Air pump; 308. Heat exchanger; 309. Mixing bin; 310. Second outer cylinder; 311. First conveying box; 312. Ice and snow crushing box; 3121. Ice and snow crushing motor; 3122. Fourth worm gear; 3123. Third driven large bevel gear; 3124. Ice and snow crushing roller; 3125. Fourth worm gear; 3126. Third... 313. Active small bevel gear; 314. Hybrid motor; 315. Hybrid auger; 316. Second conveyor box; 317. Second lifter; 318. Second lift motor; 319. Second guide rail; 320. Second slide; 321. Second gearbox; 322. Second lift rack; 33. Second drive motor; 34. Sleeve; 35. Second transmission shaft; 36. Sun gear; 37. Planetary driven gear; 38. Bottom nested ring seat; 39. Rotating ring; 30. Reciprocating drive motor; 325. Cooling air pipe; 326. End cap; 327. Water injection pipe; 328. Slurry raw material feeding tank; 329. Ice and snow feeding tank; 330. Top sealing cap; 331. First water inlet pipe; 332. Slurry conveying pipe; 333. Feeding tank; 334. Air outlet corrugated pipe; 335. Air inlet pipe; 336. Cooling air pipe; 337. Ice and snow discharge pipe; 338. Discharge pipe; 339. First worm gear; 340. First worm wheel; 341. First transmission rod; 342. Second transmission box; 343. Stirring rod; 344. 345. Stirring blade; 346. Second worm gear; 347. Second worm wheel; 348. Cross; 349. Second inner cylinder; 350. Tooth; 351. Reciprocating drive gear; 352. Second water inlet pipe; 353. Third transmission box; 354. Paving shaft; 355. Paving tooth; 356. Main water outlet pipe; 357. Branch water outlet pipe; 358. Third worm gear; 359. First driven gear; 360. Second driven large bevel gear; 361. Second driving small bevel gear; 362. Second driven gear; 4. Wheels; 5. Vehicle body. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example: Please see Figures 1-35 The present invention provides a technical solution: A device for in-situ solid waste improvement of planting pit soil based on layer-by-layer quick-freezing and pore reshaping includes a mobile vehicle body 5 with moving wheels 4, which can be used to transport and move the mobile vehicle body 5; the mobile vehicle body 5 is equipped with a drilling mechanism 2 and a combined molding mechanism 3, and a PLC controller 1 on the mobile vehicle body 5 is used to control the operation of the drilling mechanism 2 and the combined molding mechanism 3.

[0027] The drilling mechanism 2 is used to excavate planting pits and collect in-situ soil. The drilling mechanism 2 includes a first outer cylinder 216 with an open bottom, a first inner cylinder 217 with an open bottom installed inside the first outer cylinder 216 by a first lifting device 201, a primary spiral conveying assembly installed in the center inside the first inner cylinder 217, a toothed soil crushing mechanism 210 connected to the bottom of the primary spiral conveying assembly, and a secondary spiral conveying assembly connected to the top side of the primary spiral conveying assembly.

[0028] The first lifting device 201 includes a first guide rail 2012 fixed to the inner wall of the first outer cylinder 216, a first slide block 2013 slidably connected to the first guide rail 2012, a first gearbox 2014 fixed to the first slide block 2013, and a first lifting motor 2011 mounted on the side of the first gearbox 2014; the first gearbox 2014 is fixed to the outer wall of the first inner cylinder 217, and the output end of the first lifting motor 2011 is connected to a first lifting gear located inside the first gearbox 2014, and the first lifting gear meshes with a first lifting rack 2015 on the first guide rail 2012.

[0029] PLC controller 1 controls the first lifting motor 2011 of the first lifting device 201 to work. The first lifting gear at the output end of the first lifting motor 2011 meshes with the first lifting rack 2015 for transmission. The first slide 2013 moves up and down along the first guide rail 2012 to realize the synchronous up and down movement of the first slide 2013, the first gearbox 2014 and the first inner cylinder 217.

[0030] The primary screw conveyor assembly includes a primary conveyor cylinder 220 fixed inside the first inner cylinder 217, a primary conveyor motor 203 fixed to the top of the primary conveyor cylinder 220, and a primary screw auger 212 disposed inside the primary conveyor cylinder 220. The primary screw auger 212 is driven by the primary conveyor motor 203.

[0031] The secondary screw conveyor assembly includes a secondary horizontal conveyor 202 connected to the top side of the primary conveyor 220, a conveying corrugated pipe 214 connected to the end of the secondary horizontal conveyor 202 after extending out of the first outer cylinder 216, a secondary vertical conveyor 218 connected to the bottom of the conveying corrugated pipe 214, and a soil conveying pipe 219 disposed on the top side of the secondary vertical conveyor 218; an intermediate conveying motor 206 is disposed in the middle of the side of the secondary horizontal conveyor 202, and the secondary horizontal screw conveyor 213 inside the secondary horizontal conveyor 202 is driven by the intermediate conveying motor 206; the secondary horizontal screw conveyor 213... The first driven large bevel gear 222 is fixed in the middle of the secondary horizontal spiral auger 213. The first driven large bevel gear 222 is located inside the first transmission box 221. The output end of the intermediate conveying motor 206 extends into the first transmission box 221 and is fixed with the first driving small bevel gear 211. The first driving small bevel gear 211 meshes with the first driven large bevel gear 222. The top of the secondary vertical conveying cylinder 218 is equipped with a secondary conveying motor 205. The secondary vertical spiral auger 215 inside the secondary vertical conveying cylinder 218 is driven by the secondary conveying motor 205.

[0032] The bottom of the primary conveying cylinder 220 is provided with a limiting plate 227, and the upper end of the limiting plate 227 is provided with a fixed toothed ring 209. The bottom side of the primary conveying cylinder 220 is provided with a soil inlet groove 228. The outer side of the bottom of the primary conveying cylinder 220 is sleeved with a first nested ring seat 208 located above the soil inlet groove 228. The inner wall of the upper end of the first nested ring seat 208 is provided with an inner toothed ring 225, and the lower end of the first nested ring seat 208 is fixed with a rotating toothed ring 226. The side of the primary conveying cylinder 220 is equipped with a first drive shaft 207 by two sets of upper and lower bearing seats 223. The transmission gear 224 fixed at the bottom of the first drive shaft 207 meshes with the inner toothed ring 225. The top of the first drive shaft 207 is fixedly connected to the output end of the first drive motor 204.

[0033] The toothed soil-crushing mechanism 210 includes a rotating drum 21001 sleeved on the outside of the first nested ring seat 208, a soil-shoveling box 21005 symmetrically installed on the outside of the rotating drum 21001, a soil-crushing roller 21004 rotatably connected inside the soil-shoveling box 21005, and toothed discs 21008 symmetrically installed on the outside of the rotating drum 21001 using a connecting frame; symmetrically arranged soil inlet boxes 21002 are provided on the inner wall of the rotating drum 21001, and the inner wall of the soil inlet box 21002 is in close contact with the bottom outer wall of the primary conveying drum 220; a soil inlet box 21002 is also provided on the outside of the rotating drum 21001. The side scraper 21003; the middle roller shaft of the soil crushing roller 21004 extends into the inside of the rotating drum 21001 and is then fixed with a first-stage large gear 21012 and a first-stage small gear 21013 in sequence. The first-stage large gear 21012 meshes with the bottom of the rotating gear ring 226, and the bottom of the first-stage small gear 21013 meshes with a second-stage large gear 21010. The second-stage large gear 21010 is fixed with a second-stage small gear 21011 on its side, and the second-stage small gear 21011 meshes with the top of the fixed gear ring 209; the rotating drum 21001 sits on the upper end of the limiting plate 227.

[0034] The connecting frame includes a top rod 21006 fixed to the outside of the rotating drum 21001, a bottom rod 21009 fixed to the bottom of the top rod 21006 by a vertical rod 21007, and a cutting disc 21008 fixed on the bottom rod 21009.

[0035] First motion (rotation): The first drive motor 204 drives the first nested ring seat 208 and the rotating gear ring 226 fixed thereto to rotate via the transmission gear 224. At this time, the first nested ring seat 208 will rotate relative to the stationary primary conveying cylinder 220. The rotation of the rotating gear ring 226 will drive the primary gear 21012 to rotate, so that the primary gear 21012 drives the soil crushing roller 21004 to rotate via the roller shaft in the middle of the soil crushing roller 21004. Finally, the soil crushing roller 21004 generates high-speed rotation to grind and crush the soil clods.

[0036] The second motion (revolution): While the soil-crushing roller 21004 rotates, the rotating gear ring 226 drives the primary gear 21012, which meshes with it, to rotate. At this time, it is important to note that the primary gear 21012, the primary pinion 21013 coaxial with the primary gear 21012, the secondary gear 21010 meshing with the primary pinion 21013, and the secondary pinion 21011 coaxial with the secondary gear 21010 are all mounted on the rotating drum 21001, which is a revolving component. The rotating drum 21001 is sleeved on the outside of the first nested ring seat 208, and the rotating drum 21001 and the first nested ring seat 208 are not fixedly connected. When the secondary pinion 21011 meshes with the stationary fixed gear ring 209, it drives the entire cutting and crushing mechanism 210 (including the rotating drum 21001, the shovel box 21005, the cutting disc 21008, and the crushing roller 21004) to revolve around the vertical axis of the stationary primary conveying drum 220, thereby realizing the circumferential cutting of the cutting disc 21008, the shoveling of the shovel box 21005, and the grinding and crushing of the soil clods by the revolution of the crushing roller 21004.

[0037] The combined molding mechanism 3 is used to achieve the mixing of coal-based solid waste with the original soil and the secondary shaping of soil pores.

[0038] The combined molding mechanism 3 includes a mixing component, a cooling component, a slurry conveying component, a second outer cylinder 310 with an open bottom, a second inner cylinder 348 with an open bottom installed inside the second outer cylinder 310 by a second lifter 316, and a soil layering and spreading component installed in the center inside the second inner cylinder 348; the secondary screw conveying component extends out through a slot on the side of the first outer cylinder 216 and communicates with the mixing component; the mixing component includes a mixing tank 309, a mixing auger 314 installed inside the mixing tank 309, and a first conveyor box 311 connecting the bottom of the mixing tank 309 and the top sealing cover 330 of the second outer cylinder 310; the mixing auger 314 is driven by a mixing motor 313 on the side of the mixing tank 309, and the bottom discharge end of the mixing tank 309 is provided with a discharge pipe 338, which is located above the bottom of the first conveyor box 311, and the first conveyor box 311 is provided with a first conveyor belt; the top of the mobile vehicle 5 is provided with a feeding trough 333 connected to the top of the mixing tank 309.

[0039] The slurry conveying assembly includes a water tank 301, a mixing drum 303 connected to the bottom of the water tank 301, a mixing assembly installed inside the mixing drum 303, a slurry conveying pump 305 connected to the bottom of the mixing drum 303, and a slurry conveying pipe 332 connecting the discharge port of the slurry conveying pump 305 to the top sealing cap 330 on the top of the second outer cylinder 310; a slurry raw material feeding trough 328 extending out of the moving vehicle body 5 is provided on the top side of the mixing drum 303, and the water injection pipe 327 on the top of the water tank 301 extends out of the top of the moving vehicle body 5 and is sealed with an end cap 326; a mixing motor 304 is installed on the side of the mixing drum 303, and the first worm 339 at the output end of the mixing motor 304 meshes with a first worm wheel 340, and the first worm wheel 340 is connected to a second worm 345 by a first transmission rod 341.

[0040] The stirring assembly includes a stirring rod 343, a second worm gear 346 fixed to the top of the stirring rod 343, and a stirring blade 344 fixed to the side of the stirring rod 343. A second transmission box 342 is provided on the outside of the second worm gear 346, and a second worm 345 extends into the second transmission box 342 and meshes with the second worm gear 346.

[0041] The second lifting device 316 includes a second guide rail 3162 fixed to the inner wall of the second outer cylinder 310, a second slide block 3163 slidably connected to the second guide rail 3162, a second gearbox 3164 fixed to the second slide block 3163, and a second lifting motor 3161 mounted on the side of the second gearbox 3164; the second gearbox 3164 is fixed to the outer wall of the second inner cylinder 348, and the output end of the second lifting motor 3161 is connected to a second lifting gear located in the second gearbox 3164, and the second lifting gear meshes with a second lifting rack 3165 on the second guide rail 3162.

[0042] The soil stratification paving assembly includes a second drive motor 317 mounted on the top of the second inner cylinder 348, a hollow second drive shaft 319 connected to the output end of the second drive motor 317, a sleeve 318 sleeved on the outside of the second drive shaft 319, a third transmission box 352 rotatably connected to the bottom of the sleeve 318, a paving shaft 353 rotatably connected to the third transmission box 352, and paving teeth 354 connected to both ends of the paving shaft 353 after passing through the third transmission box 352; the second drive motor 317 is fixed on a cross 347 at the top of the second inner cylinder 348; a sun gear 320 is fixed to the bottom of the sleeve 318, and the second drive... The bottom of the rotating shaft 319 passes through the sun gear 320 and is connected to a third worm gear 357. The third worm gear 357 meshes with a third worm wheel 358 fixed on the paving shaft 353. A first driven gear 359 is also fixed on the paving shaft 353. A second driven gear 362 meshes with the top of the first driven gear 359. A second driving small bevel gear 361 is fixed to the side of the second driven gear 362. A second driven large bevel gear 360 meshes with the top of the second driving small bevel gear 361. A planetary driven gear 321 is connected to the top of the second driven large bevel gear 360. The planetary driven gear 321 meshes with the side of the sun gear 320.

[0043] The cooling assembly includes an ice and snow crushing box 312, two sets of ice and snow crushing rollers 3124 symmetrically arranged inside the ice and snow crushing box 312, an ice and snow discharge pipe 337 at the bottom of the ice and snow crushing box 312, and a second conveyor box 315 connecting the ice and snow discharge pipe 337 and the top of the second outer cylinder 310. An ice and snow crushing motor 3121 is installed on the side of the ice and snow crushing box 3122. The output end of the ice and snow crushing motor 3121 is engaged with a third driven large bevel gear 3123 by a third driving small bevel gear 3126. The two ends of the third driven large bevel gear 3123 are connected to a fourth worm gear 3125. The bottom of the fourth worm gear 3125 is engaged with a fourth worm wheel 3122 fixed at the end of the ice and snow crushing roller 3124. A second conveyor belt is provided inside the second conveyor box 315. An ice and snow input slot 329 extending out of the moving vehicle body 5 is provided on the top side of the ice and snow crushing box 312.

[0044] The cooling assembly includes a water supply assembly and a cooling air assembly connected to the bottom of the second inner cylinder 348. The water supply assembly includes a water pump 302 connected to the bottom of the water tank 301, a second water inlet pipe 351 connected to the outlet of the water pump 302 by a first water inlet pipe 331, and a main outlet pipe 355 connected to the second water inlet pipe 351 after passing through the inside of the second drive shaft 319. The main outlet pipe 355 extends through the third drive box 352 and is connected to a branch outlet pipe 356. A bottom nested ring seat 322 is installed at the bottom of the second inner cylinder 348. A rotating ring 323 is rotatably nested on the outer side of the bottom of the bottom nested ring seat 322. A reciprocating drive motor 324 is installed on the side of the bottom nested ring seat 322. The reciprocating drive gear 350 at the output end of the reciprocating drive motor 324 meshes with the teeth 349 at the upper end of the rotating ring 323.

[0045] The air conditioning assembly includes an air conditioning cylinder 306, an air conditioning cylinder 306 connected to a heat exchanger 308 via an air conditioning pipe 336, an air pump 307 connected to the heat exchanger 308 via an air inlet pipe 335, and a cooling air pipe 325 installed inside a rotating ring 323. The bottom of the heat exchanger 308 is connected to the cooling air pipe 325 via an air outlet corrugated pipe 334.

[0046] After the first inner cylinder 217 descends and extends from the bottom of the moving vehicle body 5, the soil is crushed and the solidified blocks in the soil are broken up by the toothed soil crushing mechanism 210. Then, the soil is transported to the mixing component through the first-stage screw conveyor assembly and the second-stage screw conveyor assembly. Subsequently, the second inner cylinder 348 extends into the planting pit. The mixing component mixes the soil and coal-based solid waste and then transports it to the second inner cylinder 348. Combined with the upward movement of the first inner cylinder 217, the soil is layered and spread by the soil layering and spreading assembly. Then, the soil below is cooled by the cooling assembly. Finally, the slurry conveying assembly sprays slurry to cover the soil surface.

[0047] This invention employs a drilling mechanism 2 to achieve precise vertical layering excavation of undisturbed soil. After quantitative proportioning and uniform mixing of the excavated soil and modified materials (coal-based solid waste), it is directly backfilled into the original pit location, realizing an integrated in-situ operation of "soil extraction-mixing-backfilling". It eliminates the need for large-scale earthwork excavation and off-site transportation, strictly controlling the construction disturbance range within the diameter of the planting pit, avoiding damage to the surrounding native soil structure and vegetation. At the same time, it ensures a tight bond between the modified soil and the original pit wall, eliminating the interface gaps caused by traditional off-site backfilling and preventing rapid water leakage along the interface.

[0048] This invention involves spreading uniformly mixed modified soil in layers within a planting pit. Each soil layer is independently frozen and solidified using the natural low temperatures of winter snow and ice or artificial refrigeration devices (i.e., water supply components and air conditioning components). By controlling the spreading thickness and freezing rate, water crystallization between soil particles is induced to form oriented ice crystals. After the ice sublimates, it forms a continuous, interconnected three-dimensional porous network structure within the modified soil. Compared to traditional compaction processes, this method effectively increases the porosity of the modified soil, significantly enhances soil water retention and aeration, and provides a favorable environment for plant root growth and microbial activity.

[0049] This invention uses coal gangue powder, fly ash, and desulfurized gypsum mixed with water in an optimized ratio to prepare a special surface covering material. A 3-5 cm thick covering layer is laid on the soil surface of the planting pit. This covering layer can form a dual effect of physical barrier and capillary blockage, significantly reducing the vertical evaporation rate of soil moisture, while effectively blocking surface runoff from eroding the surface soil. The covering material itself has a certain water absorption and retention capacity, which can store water during rainfall and slowly release it to the lower soil layer, further prolonging the soil wetting cycle and solving the problem of soil water retention difficulties in mining areas in arid and semi-arid regions.

[0050] This invention utilizes the physicochemical properties and synergistic effects of nutrients in coal-based solid waste (i.e., a mixture of coal gangue powder, fly ash, and desulfurized gypsum in a specific ratio) to construct a long-lasting, slow-release nutrient system. Fly ash provides the micronutrients such as silicon, aluminum, and iron required for plant growth, while desulfurized gypsum supplements calcium and sulfur nutrients and regulates soil pH. Coal gangue powder slowly decomposes to release organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements. Combined with added ecological fertilizer, this allows for a gradient release of nutrients, avoiding the short-term nutrient loss and seedling burn problems associated with traditional fast-acting fertilizers, and providing a continuous and stable nutrient supply for the entire plant growth cycle.

[0051] Specifically, when using it: This device, mounted on a mobile vehicle 5, carries a complete set of operating mechanisms and is uniformly controlled by a PLC controller 1. It integrates functions such as soil extraction, solid waste mixing, layer-by-layer spreading, layer-by-layer quick-freezing, porosity remodeling, and slurry sealing, enabling in-situ soil improvement in planting pits and resource utilization of coal-based solid waste. The overall operation process consists of six major stages: relocation and positioning, soil extraction and conveying, material mixing, layer-by-layer spreading, layer-by-layer quick-freezing and porosity remodeling, and slurry sealing. The specific principles are as follows: I. Equipment relocation and work preparation: The operator pushes the mobile vehicle 5, using the bottom wheels 4 to transfer the entire machine, moving it above the planting pit to be improved. The PLC controller 1 is then activated, and the entire machine enters standby mode. The PLC controller 1 then coordinates the start-up, shutdown, and timing of all power components of the subsequent drilling mechanism 2 and the combined molding mechanism 3.

[0052] II. Drilling Mechanism 2 Operations: Planting pit excavation, soil breaking and soil transportation.

[0053] PLC controller 1 controls the first lifting motor 2011 to operate, and the power is transmitted to the first gearbox 2014, which drives the internal first lifting gear to rotate. The first lifting gear meshes with the first lifting rack 2015, driving the first slide block 2013 to slide downward along the first guide rail 2012. Since the first gearbox 2014 is fixedly connected to the first inner cylinder 217, it eventually drives the first inner cylinder 217 to move downward as a whole, extending from the bottom of the open first outer cylinder 216 and into the planting pit. PLC controller 1 controls the first drive motor 204 to drive the first transmission shaft 207 to rotate. The transmission gear 224 meshes with the internal gear ring 225 on the first nested ring seat 208, driving the first nested ring seat 208 and the rotating gear ring 226 to rotate synchronously. Rotating gear ring 226 meshes with first-stage large gear 21012, which is then transmitted to second-stage large gear 21010 via coaxial first-stage small gear 21013. The coaxial second-stage small gear 21011 then meshes with fixed gear ring 209 on limit plate 227, forming a multi-stage gear transmission that drives drum 21001 to rotate. The cutting disc 21008 on the outside of the rotating drum 21001 rotates synchronously with the connecting frame (top rod 21006, vertical rod 21007, bottom rod 21009) to cut and excavate the soil in the planting pit; Soil enters the soil shovel box 21005. The rotating gear ring 226 drives the soil crushing roller 21004 to rotate via the first-stage small gear 21013 and the first-stage large gear 21012. The soil crushing roller 21004 inside the box further grinds and crushes the clumped soil, completing the fine crushing of the soil. The broken soil is then fed into the soil inlet box 21002 by the action of the scraper 21003. As the rotating drum 21001 rotates, the broken soil in the soil inlet box 21002 is fed into the first-stage conveying drum 220 through the soil inlet channel 228. PLC controller 1 controls the primary conveying motor 203 to drive the primary spiral auger 212 to rotate, conveying the soil upward to the secondary horizontal conveying cylinder 202; PLC controller 1 controls the intermediate conveyor motor 206 to work. The first driving small bevel gear 211 meshes with the first driven large bevel gear 222 in the first transmission box 221, driving the secondary horizontal spiral auger 213 to operate and transport the soil laterally. Soil enters the secondary vertical conveying cylinder 218 through the conveying corrugated pipe 214. The PLC controller 1 controls the secondary conveying motor 205 to drive the secondary vertical spiral auger 215 to continue lifting, and finally discharges from the soil conveying pipe 219 into the combined molding mechanism 3 and the mixing box 309. After the soil extraction in a single pit is completed, the first lifting device 201 reverses its movement, causing the first inner cylinder 217 to move upward and reset to the inside of the first outer cylinder 216.

[0054] 3. Combined molding mechanism 3 operation: mixing soil and coal-based solid waste.

[0055] Dry material feeding and mixing personnel put coal-based solid waste into the mixing box 309 from the feeding trough 333, and the original soil transported by the drilling mechanism 2 simultaneously enters the mixing box 309. PLC controller 1 controls the mixing motor 313 to drive the mixing auger 314 to rotate, so as to fully mix and blend the soil and coal-based solid waste. Subsequently, PLC controller 1 controls the second lifting motor 3161 to work, power is input to the second gearbox 3164, the second lifting gear meshes with the second lifting rack 3165, driving the second slide block 3163 to slide down along the second guide rail 3162, driving the second inner cylinder 348, which is fixed to the slide block, to extend from the bottom of the second outer cylinder 310 and into the planting pit where soil has been taken. The mixed material falls through the discharge pipe 338 into the first conveyor belt inside the first conveyor box 311 and is conveyed downward to the top area of ​​the second outer cylinder 310 until the mixed material falls through the second inner cylinder 348 into the planting pit. Clean water is injected into water tank 301 through water injection pipe 327, and sealed with end cap 326 after filling is completed; The slurry raw materials (coal gangue powder, fly ash and desulfurized gypsum) are fed into the mixing tank 303 from the slurry raw material feeding tank 328, and the clean water in the water tank 301 enters the mixing tank 303. PLC controller 1 controls the stirring motor 304 to work. The first worm 339 meshes with the first worm wheel 340, and drives the second worm 345 to rotate via the first transmission rod 341. The second worm gear 345 meshes with the second worm wheel 346 in the second transmission box 342, driving the stirring rod 343 and the side stirring blades 344 to rotate, stirring the slurry raw materials and water in the mixing tank 303 to produce an improved liquid slurry for later use.

[0056] IV. Combined Shaping Mechanism 3: Layered Filling of Mixed Soil.

[0057] PLC controller 1 controls the second drive motor 317 to drive the hollow second transmission shaft 319 to rotate. On one hand, the third worm 357 at the bottom of the second transmission shaft 319 meshes with the third worm wheel 358, driving the paving shaft 353 and the paving teeth 354 at both ends to rotate. On the other hand, the paving shaft 353 drives the first driven gear 359 to rotate. The first driven gear 359 then drives the second driving small bevel gear 361 to rotate through the second driven gear 362. The second driving small bevel gear 361 then drives the planetary driven gear 321 to rotate through the second driven large bevel gear 360. Since the planetary driven gear 321 meshes with the side of the sun gear 320, the planetary driven gear 321 rotates around the sun gear 320, thereby causing the third transmission box 352, the paving shaft 353 and the paving teeth 354 to revolve synchronously around the sleeve 318. As the paving tooth 354 rotates and revolves, it evenly spreads the mixture of soil and coal-based solid waste in layers within the planting pit. After each layer is completed, the second lifting device 316 slightly raises the second inner cylinder 348 to gradually complete the layered backfilling of the entire pit.

[0058] V. Cooling and quick-freezing and pore remodeling.

[0059] This step relies on cooling components to achieve layer-by-layer rapid freezing, using low temperatures to alter the internal structure of the soil and complete stomatal remodeling: During the snowy season, snow and ice are fed from the snow and ice feed trough 329 into the snow and ice crushing box 312. The PLC controller 1 controls the snow and ice crushing motor 3121 to drive the third driving small bevel gear 3126 to mesh with the third driven large bevel gear 3123, which drives the fourth worm gears 3125 on both sides to rotate. The fourth worm gears 3125 mesh with the fourth worm wheel 3122, which drives the two sets of snow and ice crushing rollers 3124 to crush the snow and ice. The broken ice and snow fall into the second conveyor box 315 through the ice and snow discharge pipe 337, and are then transported by the internal second conveyor belt to the inside of the second outer cylinder 310, where they fall onto the surface of the spread soil layer to achieve initial low-temperature cooling. In the season without ice and snow, PLC controller 1 controls water pump 302 to draw clean water from water tank 301, which is then transported through the first water inlet pipe 331 and the second water inlet pipe 351, passing through the hollow structure of the second drive shaft 319, and finally distributed to each water outlet branch pipe 356 through the main water outlet pipe 355 to evenly replenish water to the soil layer and adjust the soil moisture content. PLC controller 1 controls reciprocating drive motor 324 to drive reciprocating drive gear 350 to mesh with upper teeth 349 of rotating ring 323, driving rotating ring 323 to reciprocate 15° around bottom nested ring seat 322, driving cooling air pipe 325 to reciprocate and sweep the entire soil layer, spraying low temperature airflow into the entire soil layer. Subsequently, the cold gas cylinder 306 outputs a low-temperature medium (such as liquid nitrogen), which is sent to the heat exchanger 308 through the cold gas pipe 336. The air pump 307 draws air into the heat exchanger 308 through the air inlet pipe 335. The heat exchanger 308 cools the air, and the cooled air is passed through the air outlet corrugated pipe 334 into the cooling air pipe 325 until it is sprayed onto the soil layer, cooling and freezing the soil layer and the water in the soil layer.

[0060] 6. Surface slurry sealing, completion of the operation.

[0061] After each layer of soil is laid, quick-frozen, and remodeled, the PLC controller 1 controls the slurry delivery pump 305 to continuously deliver liquid slurry. The slurry is sprayed from the top of the second outer cylinder 310 into the interior of the second inner cylinder 348. The slurry evenly covers the surface of the soil layer, forming a protective layer that locks in soil moisture and pore structure, while further solidifying coal-based solid waste and improving the overall stability of the soil.

[0062] After all soil layers in the entire pit have been treated, the second lifting device 316 drives the second inner cylinder 348 to move upward and reset. The PLC controller 1 controls all power components to stop and pushes the mobile vehicle 5 to move to the next work point, and the in-situ soil improvement work of the planting pit is carried out in a cycle.

[0063] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for in-situ solid waste improvement in planting pits based on layer-by-layer rapid freezing and stomatal remodeling, comprising a mobile vehicle with wheels, characterized in that: The mobile vehicle body is equipped with a drilling mechanism and a combined molding mechanism. The PLC controller on the mobile vehicle body is used to control the operation of the drilling mechanism and the combined molding mechanism. The drilling mechanism includes a first outer cylinder with an open bottom, a first inner cylinder with an open bottom installed inside the first outer cylinder by a first lifter, a first-stage spiral conveying assembly installed in the center inside the first inner cylinder, a cutting tooth soil breaking mechanism connected to the bottom of the first-stage spiral conveying assembly, and a second-stage spiral conveying assembly connected to the top side of the first-stage spiral conveying assembly. The combined molding mechanism includes a mixing component, a cooling component, a slurry conveying component, a second outer cylinder with an open bottom, a second inner cylinder with an open bottom installed inside the second outer cylinder using a second lifter, and a soil layering and spreading component installed in the center inside the second inner cylinder. The secondary spiral conveying assembly extends through a slot on the side of the first outer cylinder and communicates with the mixing assembly; After the first inner cylinder descends and extends out of the bottom of the moving vehicle, it uses a toothed soil crushing mechanism to crush the soil and break up the solidified hard blocks in the soil. Then, the soil is transported to the mixing component through a primary screw conveyor assembly and a secondary screw conveyor assembly. The second inner cylinder then extends into the planting pit. The mixing component mixes the soil and coal-based solid waste and then transports it into the second inner cylinder. Combined with the upward movement of the first inner cylinder, the soil is spread in layers by the soil layering component. The soil below is then cooled by the cooling component. Finally, the slurry conveying component sprays slurry to cover the soil surface.

2. The in-situ solid waste improvement device for planting pit soil based on layer-by-layer rapid freezing and pore remodeling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first lifting device includes a first guide rail fixed to the inner wall of the first outer cylinder, a first slide block slidably connected to the first guide rail, a first gearbox fixed to the first slide block, and a first lifting motor installed on the side of the first gearbox; The first gearbox is fixed to the outer wall of the first inner cylinder, and the output end of the first lifting motor is connected to the first lifting gear located inside the first gearbox. The first lifting gear meshes with the first lifting rack on the first guide rail.

3. The in-situ solid waste improvement device for planting pit soil based on layer-by-layer rapid freezing and pore remodeling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The primary spiral conveyor assembly includes a primary conveyor cylinder fixed inside the first inner cylinder, a primary conveyor motor fixed at the top of the primary conveyor cylinder, and a primary spiral auger installed inside the primary conveyor cylinder, wherein the primary spiral auger is driven by the primary conveyor motor. The secondary spiral conveying assembly includes a secondary horizontal conveying cylinder connected to the top side of the primary conveying cylinder, a conveying corrugated pipe connected to the end of the secondary horizontal conveying cylinder after extending out of the first outer cylinder, a secondary vertical conveying cylinder connected to the bottom of the conveying corrugated pipe, and a soil conveying pipe set on the top side of the secondary vertical conveying cylinder. An intermediate conveying motor is provided in the middle of the side of the secondary horizontal conveying cylinder, and the secondary horizontal spiral auger inside the secondary horizontal conveying cylinder is driven by the intermediate conveying motor. The middle part of the secondary horizontal spiral auger is fixed with a first driven large bevel gear. The middle part of the secondary horizontal spiral auger is also provided with a first transmission box. The first driven large bevel gear is located inside the first transmission box. The output end of the intermediate conveying motor extends into the first transmission box and is fixed with a first driving small bevel gear. The first driving small bevel gear meshes with the first driven large bevel gear. A secondary conveying motor is installed at the top of the secondary vertical conveying cylinder, and the secondary vertical spiral auger inside the secondary vertical conveying cylinder is driven by the secondary conveying motor.

4. The in-situ solid waste improvement device for planting pit soil based on layer-by-layer rapid freezing and pore remodeling as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the primary conveying cylinder is provided with a limiting plate, the upper end of the limiting plate is provided with a fixed toothed ring, the bottom side of the primary conveying cylinder is provided with a soil inlet groove, the outer side of the bottom of the primary conveying cylinder is sleeved with a first nested ring seat located above the soil inlet groove, the inner wall of the upper end of the first nested ring seat is provided with an inner toothed ring, and the lower end of the first nested ring seat is fixed with a rotating toothed ring. The first transmission shaft is mounted on the side of the primary conveying cylinder using two sets of upper and lower bearing seats. The transmission gear fixed at the bottom of the first transmission shaft meshes with the internal gear ring, and the top of the first transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the output end of the first drive motor.

5. The in-situ solid waste improvement device for planting pit soil based on layer-by-layer rapid freezing and pore remodeling as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The toothed soil-breaking mechanism includes a rotating cylinder sleeved on the outside of the first nested ring seat, a soil-shoveling box symmetrically installed on the outside of the rotating cylinder, a soil-breaking roller rotatably connected inside the soil-shoveling box, and a toothed disc symmetrically installed on the outside of the rotating cylinder using a connecting frame. The inner wall of the rotating drum is symmetrically provided with soil inlet boxes, and the inner wall of the soil inlet boxes is closely attached to the outer wall of the bottom of the primary conveying drum; The outer side of the rotating drum is also equipped with a scraper located on the side of the soil inlet box; The roller shaft in the middle of the soil crushing roller extends into the inside of the rotating drum and is then fixed with a first-stage large gear and a first-stage small gear in sequence. The first-stage large gear meshes with the bottom of the rotating gear ring, and the bottom of the first-stage small gear meshes with a second-stage large gear. A second-stage small gear is fixed to the side of the second-stage large gear, and the second-stage small gear meshes with the top of the fixed gear ring. The rotating drum sits on the upper end of the limiting plate; The connecting frame includes a top rod fixed to the outside of the rotating drum, a bottom rod fixed to the bottom of the top rod by a vertical rod, and the cutting tooth disc fixed on the bottom rod.

6. The in-situ solid waste improvement device for planting pit soil based on layer-by-layer rapid freezing and stomatal remodeling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing assembly includes a mixing bin, a mixing auger installed inside the mixing bin, and a first conveyor box connected between the bottom of the mixing bin and the top sealing cover of the second outer cylinder. The mixing auger is driven by a mixing motor on the side of the mixing tank. The bottom of the mixing tank is equipped with a discharge pipe, which is located above the bottom of the first conveyor box. The first conveyor box is equipped with a first conveyor belt. The top of the mobile vehicle is equipped with a feeding trough that connects to the top of the mixing tank. The slurry conveying assembly includes a water tank, a mixing tank connected to the bottom of the water tank, a mixing assembly installed inside the mixing tank, a slurry conveying pump connected to the bottom of the mixing tank, and a slurry conveying pipe connected between the discharge port of the slurry conveying pump and the top sealing cover of the top of the second outer cylinder. The mixing tank is provided with a slurry raw material feeding trough extending out of the moving vehicle body on the top side, and the water injection pipe at the top of the water tank is sealed with an end cap after extending out of the top of the moving vehicle body. A stirring motor is installed on the side of the mixing tank. The first worm at the output end of the stirring motor meshes with a first worm wheel. The first worm wheel is connected to a second worm by a first transmission rod. The stirring assembly includes a stirring rod, a second worm gear fixed to the top of the stirring rod, and stirring blades fixed to the side of the stirring rod. A second transmission box is provided on the outside of the second worm gear, and the second worm extends into the second transmission box and meshes with the second worm gear.

7. The in-situ solid waste improvement device for planting pit soil based on layer-by-layer quick-freezing and aeroporation remodeling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The second lifting device includes a second guide rail fixed to the inner wall of the second outer cylinder, a second slide block slidably connected to the second guide rail, a second gearbox fixed to the second slide block, and a second lifting motor installed on the side of the second gearbox; The second gearbox is fixed to the outer wall of the second inner cylinder, and the output end of the second lifting motor is connected to the second lifting gear located inside the second gearbox. The second lifting gear meshes with the second lifting rack on the second guide rail.

8. The in-situ solid waste improvement device for planting pit soil based on layer-by-layer rapid freezing and pore remodeling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The soil layering and spreading assembly includes a second drive motor installed at the top of the second inner cylinder, a hollow second transmission shaft connected to the output end of the second drive motor, a sleeve sleeved on the outside of the second transmission shaft, a third transmission box rotatably connected to the bottom of the sleeve, a spreading shaft rotatably connected to the third transmission box, and spreading teeth connected to both ends of the spreading shaft after passing through the third transmission box. A sun gear is fixed to the bottom of the sleeve. A third worm gear is connected to the bottom of the second drive shaft after passing through the sun gear. The third worm gear meshes with a third worm wheel fixed on the paving shaft. A first driven gear is also fixed on the paving shaft. A second driven gear meshes with the top of the first driven gear. A second driving small bevel gear is fixed to the side of the second driven gear. A second driven large bevel gear meshes with the top of the second driving small bevel gear. A planetary driven gear is connected to the top of the second driven large bevel gear. The planetary driven gear meshes with the side of the sun gear.

9. The in-situ solid waste improvement device for planting pit soil based on layer-by-layer rapid freezing and pore remodeling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling assembly includes an ice and snow crushing box, two sets of ice and snow crushing rollers symmetrically arranged inside the ice and snow crushing box, an ice and snow discharge pipe at the bottom of the ice and snow crushing box, and a second conveyor box connected between the ice and snow discharge pipe and the top of the second outer cylinder. An ice and snow crushing motor is installed on the side of the ice and snow crushing box. The output end of the ice and snow crushing motor is engaged by a third driving small bevel gear and a third driven large bevel gear. The two ends of the third driven large bevel gear are connected to a fourth worm gear. The bottom of the fourth worm gear is engaged with a fourth worm wheel fixed at the end of the ice and snow crushing roller. The second conveyor box is equipped with a second conveyor belt, and the top side of the ice and snow crushing box is equipped with an ice and snow input slot that extends out of the moving vehicle body.

10. The in-situ solid waste improvement device for planting pit soil based on layer-by-layer rapid freezing and stomatal remodeling as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The cooling assembly includes a water supply assembly and a cooling air assembly connected to the bottom of the second inner cylinder. The water replenishment assembly includes a water pump, a second water inlet pipe connected to the outlet of the water pump via a first water inlet pipe, and a main water outlet pipe connected to the second water inlet pipe after passing through the inside of the second drive shaft. The main water outlet pipe extends through the third transmission box and is connected to a branch water outlet pipe; The bottom of the second inner cylinder is equipped with a bottom nested ring seat, and a rotating ring is rotatably nested on the outer bottom of the bottom nested ring seat. A reciprocating drive motor is installed on the side of the bottom nested ring seat, and the reciprocating drive gear at the output end of the reciprocating drive motor meshes with the teeth at the upper end of the rotating ring. The air conditioning assembly includes an air conditioning cylinder, a heat exchanger connected to the air conditioning cylinder by an air conditioning pipe, an air pump connected to the heat exchanger by an air inlet pipe, and a cooling air pipe installed inside a rotating ring. The bottom of the heat exchanger is connected to the cooling air pipe by an air outlet corrugated pipe.

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