The application discloses a medium formula using stems of Radix Pseudoginseng as main material and a method for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus.

Abstract

This invention discloses a culture medium formula and a method for cultivating oyster mushrooms using *Codonopsis pilosula* stems as the main ingredient. It belongs to the field of edible mushroom cultivation technology. The culture medium formula consists of the following components by dry weight percentage: 90%–95% *Codonopsis pilosula* stems, 3%–10% wheat bran, 0.5%–2% lime powder, and 0.5%–2% sucrose. The cultivation method includes: crushing the *Codonopsis pilosula* stems, pre-treating them by soaking in lime water, mixing them with wheat bran and sucrose for composting and fermentation, bagging and steam-sterilizing the mixture, aseptically inoculating it, and then cultivating the mushrooms in a dark environment with a temperature of 16℃–25℃ and humidity above 90%. This invention transforms the waste stems of *Codonopsis pilosula* into a valuable resource, solving the bottleneck problem of the need to purchase raw materials for oyster mushroom cultivation in Tongren and the Wuling Mountains of Guizhou Province. The resulting oyster mushrooms have high yields, protein content ≥28g / 100g, fat content ≤1.1g / 100g, and total sugar content ≤28g / 100g. They are also rich in minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, achieving high-protein, low-fat, and low-sugar nutritional quality. This invention fills the technological gap in the application of *Codonopsis pilosula* stems in the field of edible fungi cultivation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology, specifically to a culture medium formula using Codonopsis pilosula stems as the main material and a method for cultivating oyster mushrooms. Background Technology

[0002] Oyster mushrooms, one of the most common edible fungi on the dining table, possess extremely high nutritional and culinary value, and have become an indispensable ingredient in modern diets. They are rich in high-quality protein (approximately 20% dried protein, about 2.6 times that of eggs and 4 times that of pork), eight essential amino acids, dietary fiber, B vitamins, vitamin D, and various minerals such as iron, zinc, and selenium, earning them the reputation of "vegetarian meat." The polysaccharides and mushroom ribose in oyster mushrooms can stimulate the body to produce interferon-inducing substances, enhance immunity, and inhibit tumor cells. The abundant dietary fiber promotes intestinal peristalsis, improves digestion and absorption, and regulates the balance of intestinal flora. They also contain antibacterial components such as oyster mushroom extract, which inhibit various bacteria and help resist infection. Furthermore, oyster mushrooms have cholesterol-lowering, antioxidant, and muscle-relaxing effects, and offer certain auxiliary therapeutic benefits for cardiovascular diseases, hepatitis, and chronic gastritis, making them an ideal nutritional and health-promoting food.

[0003] The artificial cultivation technology for oyster mushrooms is mature, and the main raw materials currently widely used include agricultural and forestry waste such as cottonseed hulls, corn cobs, and wheat straw. For example, Chinese invention patent CN103583230A discloses a cotton stalk bag cultivation method for oyster mushrooms, whose cultivation medium includes cotton stalk scraps, cottonseed hulls, corn cobs, wheat bran, and soybean meal. Chinese invention patent CN104193480A discloses an oyster mushroom culture medium made from sorghum straw, whose raw materials include sorghum straw, sawdust, mushroom residue, cottonseed hulls, and wheat bran. Although the above-mentioned existing technologies have expanded the sources of raw materials for oyster mushroom cultivation, their formulations still generally rely on traditional main materials such as cottonseed hulls, or require the compounding of multiple agricultural by-products, resulting in a relatively complex raw material composition.

[0004] For Tongren and the Wuling Mountains region of Guizhou, the aforementioned existing technologies suffer from significant regional adaptability issues: cottonseed hulls, corn cobs, and wheat straw are not byproducts of the main local crops and must be transported long distances from elsewhere. For example, cottonseed hulls need to be transported from major cotton-producing areas such as Xinjiang, which not only increases transportation costs but also leads to poor raw material supply stability and high cultivation costs, thus hindering the large-scale development of the local oyster mushroom industry. This bottleneck in raw material supply has become a major constraint on the development of the edible fungi industry in Tongren and surrounding areas.

[0005] Tongren and its surrounding areas, with their suitable climate, vast mountainous resources, and loose, fertile soil, have become a concentrated area for the cultivation of medicinal herbs in Guizhou Province, especially suitable for the growth of *Pseudostellaria heterophylla* (also known as *Codonopsis pilosula* or *Codonopsis sanguinea*). *Pseudostellaria heterophylla* is one of the dominant varieties with a large planting area in the region. The main medicinal and economic value of *Pseudostellaria heterophylla* is concentrated in its underground rhizomes, while the above-ground stems, which constitute a large proportion of the plant's biomass, are currently underutilized, resulting in serious resource waste. During the harvest season, farmers typically only dig up the underground rhizomes, discarding the stems directly in the fields to decompose naturally, failing to achieve effective resource utilization and potentially causing environmental burden. Therefore, how to utilize the large amount of discarded *Pseudostellaria heterophylla* stems locally, replacing externally sourced raw materials as the main material for oyster mushroom cultivation, has become crucial to solving the bottleneck in the local industry.

[0006] It is worth noting that currently, there are no mature technologies or large-scale practices, either domestically or internationally, for using Codonopsis pilosula stems as a primary raw material in edible mushroom cultivation. The application of Codonopsis pilosula stems in edible mushroom cultivation remains unexplored. Although existing research has shown that similar byproducts of traditional Chinese medicine, such as Codonopsis pilosula stems and leaves, can be used as culture media for edible mushrooms like oyster mushrooms, shortening the growth cycle, promoting cap growth, and increasing yield, with cultivated fruiting bodies showing no significant difference in morphology, taste, or aroma compared to the control, this only provides an indirect reference for the application of Codonopsis pilosula stems and does not directly solve the technical problem of high-value utilization of Codonopsis pilosula stems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a culture medium formula and method for cultivating oyster mushrooms using Codonopsis pilosula stems as the main material, thereby realizing the high-value utilization of waste Codonopsis pilosula stems, replacing externally sourced raw materials locally, reducing cultivation costs, and obtaining high-yield, high-protein, low-fat, low-sugar, and mineral-rich high-quality oyster mushroom products.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is a culture medium formula for cultivating oyster mushrooms using Codonopsis pilosula stems, which consists of the following components by dry weight percentage: 90% to 95% Codonopsis pilosula stems, 3% to 10% wheat bran, 0.5% to 2% lime powder, and 0.5% to 2% sucrose.

[0009] Furthermore, the ginseng stem is crushed into fragments with a length of 0.5cm to 2cm and pretreated by soaking in lime water.

[0010] Furthermore, the ginseng stem contains crude polysaccharides.

[0011] A method for cultivating oyster mushrooms using a culture medium formula includes the following steps: Step 1: Raw material processing and mixing. Crush the Codonopsis pilosula stems, soak them in lime water and drain them. Then mix them evenly with wheat bran and sucrose solution for composting and fermentation. Step 2: Mushroom stick making and sterilization. The fermented mixture is packed into mushroom bags to make mushroom sticks, which are then steam sterilized. Step 3: Inoculation and cultivation. After the mushroom logs have cooled, inoculate them with oyster mushroom spawn under sterile conditions, and then place them in a dark environment with a temperature of 16℃~25℃ and a humidity of over 90% for cultivation until fruiting. This method yields 1.5kg–1.6kg of fresh oyster mushrooms per 1kg of *Codonopsis pilosula* stems. The fresh oyster mushrooms contain the following components: protein ≥28g / 100g, fat ≤1.1g / 100g, total sugar ≤28g / 100g, calcium ≥120mg / kg, and phosphorus ≥1.55×10⁻⁶. 3 mg / kg, magnesium content ≥6.30×10 3 mg / kg.

[0012] Furthermore, the conditions for composting fermentation in step 1 are: ambient temperature of 15℃~25℃ and fermentation time of 24 hours; Furthermore, the steam sterilization time in step 2 is more than 10 hours.

[0013] Furthermore, the inoculation described in step 3 involves inserting the oyster mushroom spawn into the bags at both ends of the substrate, with an inoculation depth of approximately 0.5 cm.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 3, the time from inoculation of the spawn to the start of fruiting is 32 to 37 days, and the time from the maturity of the fruiting bodies to harvest is approximately 42 to 47 days.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention uses waste stems from *Codonopsis pilosula* as the main ingredient for cultivating oyster mushrooms, accounting for 90%–95% of the total, thus realizing the resource utilization of waste, replacing externally sourced raw materials locally, and reducing cultivation costs. The resulting oyster mushroom yield reaches 1.5–1.6 kg / kg of main ingredient, with a protein content ≥28g / 100g, fat content ≤1.1g / 100g, total sugar content ≤28g / 100g, and mineral content such as calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium significantly higher than traditional formulas, combining the advantages of high yield with high protein, low fat, and low sugar. It also fills the technological gap in the field of *Codonopsis pilosula* stem cultivation. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the cultivation method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, it should not be construed that the scope of the subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. All modifications, substitutions and alterations made based on ordinary technical knowledge and common practices in the art without departing from the above-described technical concept of the present invention are included within the scope of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1: Refer to Figure 1 The formulation of a culture medium using Codonopsis pilosula stems as the main ingredient is disclosed. The composition of the formulation, by dry weight percentage, is: Codonopsis pilosula stems: 93%, wheat bran: 5%, lime powder: 1%, sucrose: 1%. The cultivation method is as follows: Step 1: Crush 20kg of Codonopsis pilosula stems into small pieces about 0.5cm to 2cm in length using a crusher. Place the pieces in a large water tank, add 0.21kg (about 1% of the total raw materials) of quicklime, and soak in water for 3 hours.

[0020] Step 2: Open the drain valve of the pool to drain the water, take out the soaked Codonopsis pilosula stem fragments, and drain them slightly.

[0021] Step 3: Composting. Spread the fragments of the Codonopsis pilosula stems evenly, add 1 kg of wheat bran (about 5% of the total material) and 0.21 kg of sucrose (about 1% of the total material, dissolved in water and then evenly sprinkled on the Codonopsis pilosula material) according to the formula, and mix the materials thoroughly with a shovel or other tools. Gather the mixture into a pile and compost for 24 hours at an ambient temperature of 15-25 degrees Celsius. Step 4: Inoculation of mushroom spawn. Fill the cylindrical oyster mushroom cultivation bags with the composted raw materials. The bags are open at both ends. When filling the bags, tie one end with a rope first. After filling, compact the material and leave about 5cm of the bag body open for inoculation.

[0022] Place the tied-end mushroom logs in an autoclave and sterilize them with steam for at least 10 hours. After the logs have cooled slightly to room temperature, inoculate them.

[0023] Break the oyster mushroom spawn into smaller pieces and place them in a plastic container. Untie the strings at both ends of the sterilized and cooled spawn sticks, fill each stick with an appropriate amount of spawn (about 0.5 cm long), and re-tie them. Wear sterile gloves during the inoculation process to avoid contamination by other microorganisms.

[0024] Step 5: Cultivating Mushrooms. Place the inoculated mushroom logs in a greenhouse, in a dark place, with the temperature controlled between 16 and 25 degrees Celsius and humidity maintained above 90%. Cultivate for about 35 days, and mushrooms will begin to appear. After about 45 days, the oyster mushrooms will be fully grown and ready for harvesting.

[0025] According to the formula and method of this embodiment, 1 kg of Codonopsis pilosula stems can yield 1.60 kg of fresh oyster mushrooms. The harvested oyster mushroom fruiting bodies, after drying, were tested, and the measured nutritional components are as follows: protein content: 28.5 g / 100 g, fat content: 1.08 g / 100 g, total sugar content: 27.2 g / 100 g, calcium content: 123 mg / kg, phosphorus content: 1.65 × 10⁻⁶. 3 mg / kg, Magnesium content: 6.85×10 3 The mushroom contains a high amount of amino acids, with glutamic acid at 4.39 g / 100g, aspartic acid at 2.06 g / 100g, and leucine at 1.42 g / 100g. The nutritional content is shown in Table 1. The obtained oyster mushroom fruiting bodies meet the nutritional characteristics of high protein, low fat, and low sugar, and are also rich in minerals.

[0026] Table 1. Nutrient element detection results of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies in Example 1

[0027] Example 2: The formula composition is as follows (dry weight percentage): Codonopsis pilosula stem: 90%, wheat bran: 8%, lime powder: 1%, sucrose: 1%.

[0028] The cultivation method is as follows: Step 1: Crush 19kg of Codonopsis pilosula stems into small pieces about 0.5cm-2cm in length using a crusher. Place the pieces in a large water tank, add 0.21kg (about 1% of the total raw materials) of quicklime, and soak in water for 3 hours.

[0029] Step 2: Open the drain valve of the pool to drain the water, take out the soaked Codonopsis pilosula stem fragments, and drain them slightly.

[0030] Step 3: Composting. Spread the fragments of the *Codonopsis pilosula* stems evenly, add 1.7 kg of wheat bran (approximately 8% of the total material) and 0.21 kg of sucrose (dissolved in water and then evenly sprinkled on the *Codonopsis pilosula* material) according to the formula. Use a shovel or other tools to repeatedly mix the materials thoroughly. Gather the mixture into a pile and compost for 24 hours at an ambient temperature of 15-25 degrees Celsius. Step 4: Inoculation of mushroom spawn. Fill the cylindrical oyster mushroom cultivation bags with the composted raw materials. The bags are open at both ends. When filling the bags, tie one end with a rope first. After filling, compact the material and leave about 5cm of the bag body open for inoculation.

[0031] Place the tied-end mushroom logs in an autoclave and sterilize them with steam for at least 10 hours. After the logs have cooled slightly to room temperature, inoculate them.

[0032] Break the oyster mushroom spawn into smaller pieces and place them in a plastic container. Untie the strings at both ends of the sterilized and cooled spawn sticks, fill each stick with an appropriate amount of spawn (about 0.5 cm long), and re-tie them. Wear sterile gloves during the inoculation process to avoid contamination by other microorganisms.

[0033] Step 5: Cultivating Mushrooms. Place the inoculated mushroom logs in a greenhouse, in a dark place, with the temperature controlled between 16% and 25% degrees Celsius and humidity maintained above 90%. Cultivate for approximately 35 days, and mushrooms will begin to appear. After about 45 days, the oyster mushrooms will be fully grown and ready for harvesting.

[0034] Cultivation Results: According to the formula and method in this embodiment, 1.53 kg of fresh oyster mushrooms can be harvested for every 1 kg of Codonopsis pilosula stems consumed. The harvested oyster mushroom fruiting bodies were dried and tested, and the measured nutritional components were as follows: protein content: 29.20 g / 100 g, fat content: 1.13 g / 100 g, total sugar content: 29.40 g / 100 g, calcium content: 121 mg / kg, phosphorus content: 1.55 × 10⁻⁶. 3 mg / kg, Magnesium content: 6.32×10 3 mg / kg.

[0035] The oyster mushrooms cultivated in this embodiment also exhibited the quality characteristics of high protein, low fat, and low sugar.

[0036] Comparative Example 1: Traditional formula (corn cob as the main ingredient, 0% of Codonopsis pilosula stems), formula composition (by dry weight percentage): corn cob: 93%, wheat bran: 5%, lime powder: 1%, sucrose: 1%.

[0037] Cultivation method: The corn cobs are crushed to a particle size similar to that of the Codonopsis pilosula stem in Example 1. The remaining crushing, soaking, fermentation, sterilization, inoculation, and cultivation steps and parameters are consistent with those in Example 1.

[0038] Cultivation Results: Following the formula and method described above, only 1.23 kg of fresh oyster mushrooms were harvested for every 1 kg of main ingredient (corn cob). The nutritional composition of the harvested oyster mushroom fruiting bodies after drying was as follows: Protein content: 19.70 g / 100 g, Fat content: 3.02 g / 100 g, Total sugar content: 50.70 g / 100 g, Calcium content: 48.61 mg / kg, Phosphorus content: 320.01 mg / kg, Magnesium content: 47.21 mg / kg.

[0039] Compared to Example 1, Comparative Example 1 showed a decrease of approximately 23% in oyster mushroom yield, a decrease of approximately 31% in protein content, an increase of approximately 180% in fat content, an increase of approximately 86% in total sugar content, and a significantly lower mineral content. This indicates that the traditional formula using corn cob as the main ingredient is significantly inferior to the technical solution of this invention in terms of both yield and nutritional quality.

[0040] Comparative Example 2: Codonopsis pilosula stems accounted for 70% of the formula. The formula composition (by dry weight percentage) was as follows: Codonopsis pilosula stems: 70%, corn cobs: 23%, wheat bran: 5%, lime powder: 1%, and sucrose: 1%.

[0041] Cultivation method: The stems of Codonopsis pilosula and corn cobs are crushed separately and then mixed. The remaining steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0042] Cultivation Results: Following the formula and method described above, 1.30 kg of fresh oyster mushrooms were harvested for every 1 kg of mixed main ingredients consumed. The nutritional composition of the harvested oyster mushroom fruiting bodies after drying was as follows: Protein content: 22.8 g / 100 g, Fat content: 1.19 g / 100 g, Total sugar content: 29.5 g / 100 g, Calcium content: 133 mg / kg, Phosphorus content: 1.39 × 10⁻⁶. 3 mg / kg, magnesium content: 3.10×10 3 mg / kg.

[0043] Compared to Example 1, when the proportion of Codonopsis pilosula stems was reduced to 70% and corn cobs were added, the yield of oyster mushrooms decreased by about 19%, the protein content decreased by about 20%, the total sugar and fat content increased, and the magnesium content decreased by about 55%. This indicates that reducing the amount of Codonopsis pilosula stems weakens its effect on improving the nutritional quality of oyster mushrooms.

[0044] Comparative Example 3: Codonopsis pilosula stems accounted for 46.5%. Formula composition (by dry weight percentage): Codonopsis pilosula stems: 46.5%, corn cobs: 46.5%, wheat bran: 5%, lime powder: 1%, sucrose: 1%.

[0045] Cultivation method: Mix and crush equal amounts of Codonopsis pilosula stems and corn cobs. All other steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0046] Cultivation Results: Following the formula and method described above, 1.32 kg of fresh oyster mushrooms were harvested for every 1 kg of mixed main ingredients consumed. The nutritional composition of the harvested oyster mushroom fruiting bodies after drying was as follows: Protein content: 21.5 g / 100 g, Fat content: 1.49 g / 100 g, Total sugar content: 34.6 g / 100 g, Calcium content: 137 mg / kg, Phosphorus content: 1.59 × 10⁻⁶. 3 mg / kg, Magnesium content: 6.10×10 3 mg / kg.

[0047] Compared to Example 1, when the proportion of *Codonopsis pilosula* stems further decreased to 46.5%, the protein content of *Pleurotus ostreatus* decreased by approximately 25%, while the fat and total sugar content significantly increased, essentially eliminating the advantages of high protein, low fat, and low sugar. Compared to Comparative Example 2, as the proportion of *Codonopsis pilosula* stems decreased, the protein content decreased, while the fat and total sugar content increased.

[0048] Table 2 Summary and Analysis of Results from Examples and Comparative Examples

[0049] As shown in the table above, Examples 1 and 2 of this invention are significantly superior to the traditional corn cob formula (Comparative Example 1) and the formulas with a lower proportion of Codonopsis pilosula stems (Comparative Examples 2 and 3) in terms of yield, protein content, fat content, total sugar content, and mineral content such as phosphorus and magnesium. In particular, when the proportion of Codonopsis pilosula stems reaches 90% or more, it can synergistically achieve multiple technical effects of high yield, high protein, low fat, low sugar, and rich minerals. However, when the proportion of Codonopsis pilosula stems is below 90%, these advantages are significantly weakened. Therefore, limiting the amount of Codonopsis pilosula stems to 90%–95% is a key inventive technical feature of this invention, which brings unexpected technical effects.

[0050] The crude polysaccharides in the stems of *Codonopsis pilosula* are likely key components promoting the growth and development of *Pleurotus ostreatus*. These stems are rich in polysaccharides, which are readily available carbon sources. They can be broken down into monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose by enzymes secreted by *Pleurotus ostreatus* mycelia, allowing for direct absorption and utilization by the mycelia. This accelerates mycelial growth, enhances mycelial vitality and stress resistance. Experimental results show that mycelial growth utilizes a significant amount of carbon sources, resulting in a relatively low total sugar content in the final *Pleurotus ostreatus*. Simultaneously, the polysaccharides optimize the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the substrate, meeting the needs of both vegetative growth (20:1 C / N ratio) and reproductive growth (40:1 C / N ratio) of *Pleurotus ostreatus*, promoting fruiting body differentiation and development, and improving biological efficiency. Furthermore, the polysaccharides in the stems and leaves of *Codonopsis pilosula* possess certain antioxidant activity, which can reduce oxidative damage to the mycelia, lower the risk of contamination by other microorganisms, and provide a stable microenvironment for *Pleurotus ostreatus* growth.

[0051] This invention is the first to use locally abundant discarded Codonopsis pilosula stems as the main raw material for oyster mushroom cultivation, realizing the resource utilization of traditional Chinese medicine waste. Codonopsis pilosula stems account for 90%–95% of the formula, completely replacing traditional main materials such as cottonseed hulls and corn cobs. This eliminates the need for purchasing raw materials in Tongren and the Wuling Mountains area, significantly reducing transportation and raw material costs, improving cultivation economic benefits, and removing raw material obstacles for the sustainable development of the local edible fungi industry.

[0052] Experimental data show that using the formula of this invention (90%–95% of Codonopsis pilosula stems), 1.5–1.6 kg of fresh oyster mushrooms can be harvested per kg of main ingredient; while the traditional corn cob formula (Comparative Example 1) only yields 1.23 kg per kg of main ingredient, representing a yield increase of over 20%. Formulas with a lower proportion of Codonopsis pilosula stems (Comparative Examples 2 and 3) also showed a decrease in yield. This indicates that a high proportion of Codonopsis pilosula stems has a significant promoting effect on oyster mushroom yield.

[0053] The oyster mushrooms cultivated using this invention exhibit outstanding nutritional advantages: significantly increased protein content, significantly reduced fat content, significantly reduced total sugar content, and markedly enriched mineral elements. These nutritional indicators demonstrate that the oyster mushrooms cultivated using this invention fully meet the modern consumer demand for low-sugar, low-fat, and high-protein healthy foods.

[0054] The crude polysaccharides in the stems of Codonopsis pilosula have certain antioxidant activity, which can reduce mycelial oxidative damage and reduce the risk of contamination by miscellaneous bacteria. At the same time, the lime water soaking pretreatment in the formula also helps to inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, providing a stable microenvironment for the growth of oyster mushroom mycelium and improving the cultivation success rate.

[0055] This invention discloses for the first time, both domestically and internationally, a complete technical solution for cultivating oyster mushrooms using *Pseudostellaria heterophylla* stems as the main raw material, filling a technological gap in this field. The method is simple to operate, uses locally sourced raw materials, is low-cost, and yields excellent results. It has extremely high application value in *Pseudostellaria heterophylla* producing areas and is of great significance for promoting the development of local ecological circular agriculture and the specialty edible fungi industry.

[0056] The above provides a detailed description of the culture medium formula using *Codonopsis pilosula* stems as the main ingredient and the method for cultivating *Pleurotus ostreatus* provided by this invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the structure and working principle of this invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to this invention without departing from the principles of this invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A culture medium formula for cultivating oyster mushrooms using the stems of *Codonopsis pilosula*, characterized in that: The culture medium formula consists of the following components by dry weight percentage: 90%–95% Codonopsis pilosula stems, 3%–10% wheat bran, 0.5%–2% lime powder, and 0.5%–2% sucrose.

2. The culture medium formula for cultivating oyster mushrooms using Codonopsis pilosula stems according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ginseng stems are crushed into fragments with a length of 0.5cm to 2cm and pretreated by soaking in lime water.

3. The culture medium formula for cultivating oyster mushrooms using Codonopsis pilosula stems according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stems of the Codonopsis pilosula contain crude polysaccharides.

4. A method for cultivating oyster mushrooms using the formula according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Raw material processing and mixing: Crush the Codonopsis pilosula stems, soak them in lime water and drain them, then mix them evenly with wheat bran and sucrose solution for composting and fermentation; Step 2: Mushroom stick making and sterilization: The fermented mixture is packed into mushroom bags to make mushroom sticks, which are then steam sterilized. Step 3: Inoculation and Cultivation: After the spawn has cooled, inoculate it with oyster mushroom spawn under sterile conditions, and then cultivate it in a dark environment with a temperature of 16℃~25℃ and a humidity of over 90% until fruiting occurs; This method yields 1.5kg–1.6kg of fresh oyster mushrooms per 1kg of *Codonopsis pilosula* stems. The fresh oyster mushrooms contain the following components: protein ≥28g / 100g, fat ≤1.1g / 100g, total sugar ≤28g / 100g, calcium ≥120mg / kg, and phosphorus ≥1.55×10⁻⁶. 3 mg / kg, magnesium content ≥6.30×10 3 mg / kg.

5. The method for cultivating oyster mushrooms using *Codonopsis pilosula* stems as the main material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The conditions for composting in step 1 are: ambient temperature of 15℃~25℃ and fermentation time of 24 hours.

6. The method for cultivating oyster mushrooms using Codonopsis pilosula stems as the main material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The steam sterilization time in step 2 is more than 10 hours.

7. The method for cultivating oyster mushrooms using *Codonopsis pilosula* stems as the main material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inoculation described in step 3 involves inserting the oyster mushroom spawn into the bags at both ends of the substrate, with an inoculation depth of approximately 0.5 cm.

8. The method for cultivating oyster mushrooms using Codonopsis pilosula stems as the main material according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 3, the time from inoculation of the spawn to the start of fruiting is 32 to 37 days, and the time from the maturity of the fruiting bodies to harvest is about 42 to 47 days.

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