Mechanical linkage type sand willow planter

Abstract

The application discloses a mechanical linkage type salix plantor, and belongs to the technical field of desert ecological restoration and salix planting machines. The device comprises a soil expanding and seedling throwing assembly, a spiral drilling mechanism, a seedling throwing mechanism, a mechanical transmission assembly, a seedling storage platform, a seedling throwing assembly and a rack. Most of the whole machine adopts a mechanical structure, and a single motor is used as a source power input to realize linkage of the whole mechanism. Through intermittent transmission of a groove wheel and a non-parallel wheel disc structure, time sequence operation of drilling and soil expanding and seedling throwing is completed. The non-parallel wheel disc soil expanding structure effectively prevents collapse of sand holes, and the intermittent transmission of the groove wheel ensures accurate seedling throwing, thereby greatly improving the planting survival rate. The application has the advantages of simple structure, strong sand ground adaptability, low cost, no need of complex electric control elements, simple operation and maintenance, significant improvement of planting efficiency and planting qualified rate, and good practical and popularization values.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of desert ecological restoration and agricultural and forestry planting machinery technology, specifically to a mechanical linkage sand willow planting machine. Background Technology

[0002] Sand willow is a core tree species for sand control and desert ecological restoration in northern my country. Its cutting and planting process is a key step in desert management. The efficiency of the operation and the quality of planting directly affect the progress of sand fixation projects and the survival rate of seedlings.

[0003] Currently, sand willow planting still mainly relies on manual cuttings and simple shovel-digging. These traditional methods have many drawbacks: First, the loose, easily collapsing soil in desert sandy areas necessitates repeated adjustments during manual digging, and deep planting requires bending over, resulting in significant physical exertion and low efficiency. Second, manual planting makes it difficult to precisely control pit depth, plant spacing, and soil compaction, easily leading to problems such as skeletal tilting, unsupported roots, and insufficient soil compaction, significantly reducing seedling survival rates. Third, the harsh environment, strong winds, and difficult working conditions in desert areas make manual planting significantly limited by weather and physical limitations, failing to meet the time requirements of large-scale ecological restoration projects. While several tree planting devices have been disclosed to address these issues, they all have significant technical deficiencies and cannot adapt to the actual needs of desert sandy areas and complex slopes. Existing large-scale automated tree planting equipment is mostly equipped with electronic control systems, hydraulic drive components, and navigation and positioning modules. Although it has a high degree of automation, it suffers from problems such as complex structure, heavy weight, high procurement and maintenance costs, and stringent requirements for the flatness of the work site and power supply conditions, making it difficult to promote its application in scattered desertified areas such as sand dunes and slopes. Existing handheld simple planting devices mostly adopt a separate design for drilling and planting mechanisms, resulting in poor transmission continuity, large operating torque, and most devices lack seedling guidance and flexible protective structures, which can easily cause seedling bending and damage. Some purely mechanical planting devices have problems such as transmission jamming, unsmooth reset, and uncontrollable planting depth. They also lack integrated soil covering and compaction structures, resulting in loose soil after planting that is prone to wind erosion, further reducing the survival rate of seedlings.

[0004] To improve the above situation, Chinese patent document CN118370168A discloses a fully automated desert tree planting machine, which achieves automated planting through a tracked chassis and a multi-axis robotic arm, thus improving planting efficiency to a certain extent. The design logic of this solution is essentially to improve the automation of planting and its adaptability to terrain. However, due to the structure of the electric control and hydraulic drive, it has several inherent limitations: First, after equipping the machine with a motor, sensors, and hydraulic system, the equipment requires additional protection in windy and sandy environments, and the precision components are easily corroded by sand and dust, significantly reducing overall reliability; second, the equipment relies on an external power supply or a large-capacity battery for power, which limits its operation in remote desert areas without electricity, resulting in insufficient endurance and continuous operation capabilities; at the same time, the equipment has a complex structure and is difficult to maintain, making it difficult for ordinary construction personnel to perform on-site repairs, resulting in high operation and maintenance costs.

[0005] In summary, existing sand willow planting equipment generally suffers from technical drawbacks such as reliance on electronic control or external power, structural redundancy, poor portability, weak adaptability to sandy terrain, unstable planting quality, and cumbersome maintenance. No sand willow planting device has yet emerged that fully relies on mechanical structural innovation to achieve single-handed operation, lightweight portability, low cost, and high survival rate. Therefore, developing a portable sand willow planting machine adapted to various desert and sandy environments, without electronic control units or sensors, has become a pressing technical problem for those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a mechanically linked sand willow planting machine. Through an innovative integrated structure of seedling loading, drilling, hole enlargement, soil covering, and soil compaction mechanisms, it eliminates electronic control components, hydraulic drive parts, and external power input. It relies solely on mechanical linkages, gear transmission, and elastic reset to achieve the entire planting process, from drilling and hole formation to seedling delivery, hole wall enlargement, and soil compaction. This fundamentally solves the technical problems of existing sand willow planting equipment, such as reliance on electro-hydraulic control, complex structure, high cost, weak adaptability to sandy areas, and low operating efficiency. It meets the practical operational needs of desert sandy areas, scattered desertified areas, and slope desertification control projects. This invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions: A mechanically linked willow planting machine is characterized by comprising: a seedling loading component, a seedling storage platform, a seedling delivery mechanism, a mechanical transmission component, a soil expansion and seedling delivery component, a spiral drilling mechanism, a soil covering and compaction wheel, a sand walking mechanism, and a frame. The seedling loading component is installed at the rear end of the seedling storage platform and is used to transport the stored seedlings to the seedling delivery mechanism in an orderly manner to achieve continuous and uninterrupted seedling supply. The seedling storage platform is located on the upper part of the frame, forming a temporary storage and support station for the sand willow seedlings to be planted; The seedling delivery mechanism is installed at the transmission station in the middle of the frame and is used to accurately deliver the seedlings to be planted into the planting holes of the drilling station to ensure accurate seedling placement. The mechanical transmission components are arranged along the inside of the frame and are connected to the seedling delivery mechanism, the spiral drilling mechanism, and the soil expansion and seedling delivery component, respectively, to realize the mechanical linkage of the entire mechanism under a single source of power, and can ensure the synchronous operation of each process without the need for electronic control units and sensors. The soil expansion and seedling placement component is fixedly installed at the lower part of the front end of the frame and the rear side of the spiral drilling mechanism. It is used to repair the hole wall of the planting hole, prevent the hole wall of the loose sand from collapsing, and ensure the stability of the planting hole. The spiral drilling mechanism is located at the lower front end of the frame and is used to drill holes in sandy areas to provide planting space with appropriate depth for planting sand willows. The soil compaction wheel is located at the lower rear end of the frame and has an outwardly convex arc-shaped wheel surface. It is used to compact the soil around the planting hole after planting to ensure that the sand willow seedlings are firmly planted and improve the survival rate.

[0007] The sand-walking mechanism is located at the bottom of the frame and constitutes the mobile load-bearing and walking component of the whole machine, adapting to sandy terrain to realize the mobile operation of the whole machine; The frame serves as the mounting base for each functional component, forming the supporting and load-bearing frame of the entire machine, and is used to fix and integrate all functional components. Furthermore, the seedling storage platform is located on the upper part of the frame and is a planar load-bearing structure, used for temporarily stacking sand willow seedlings to be planted, so that operators can quickly complete the replanting operation.

[0008] Furthermore, the seedling delivery mechanism includes 32 seedling cylinders, two sets of transmission wheels, a seedling cylinder transmission chain, and a baffle assembly. The seedling cylinders are evenly arranged and installed on the outside of the seedling cylinder transmission chain, and are used to individually carry the sand willow seedlings to be planted. The transmission wheels are in transmission cooperation with the seedling cylinders to drive the seedling cylinders to move cyclically to achieve continuous workstation switching. The baffle assembly is set at the lower part of the delivery station to control the timing of seedling placement. One end of the movable connecting rod is hinged to the first baffle, and the other end is connected to the mechanical transmission assembly to drive the first baffle to complete the opening and closing action. The first baffle blocks the seedlings from falling when not in the delivery station, and releases the seedlings after the delivery station is opened to achieve precise seedling placement.

[0009] Furthermore, the mechanical transmission assembly includes two sets of seedling opening and closing assemblies (each set includes a baffle assembly, a movable connecting rod, a driven shaft, a return spring, a spring seat, a driven grooved wheel, and a driving dial), four sets of double-gear coaxial assemblies, two bearings, three tracked wheel discs, and a seedling cylinder transmission chain; the motor is fixedly installed at the lower part of the frame, and distributes power simultaneously to the spiral drilling mechanism, the soil-expanding seedling-distributing assembly, and the seedling delivery mechanism through a mechanical distribution transmission chain (belt + gear + bevel gear); the driving dial and the driven grooved wheel cooperate to form a grooved wheel intermittent transmission mechanism, which converts continuous rotation into intermittent motion to precisely control the action rhythm of each process; the driven pinion meshes with the gear shaft to synchronously transmit power to the soil-expanding, delivery, and soil-covering functional components; the return spring is installed on the spring seat and is used to drive the connecting rod and the baffle assembly to automatically return, while eliminating transmission gaps to ensure action accuracy; the driven shaft and bearings are used to support each transmission component to ensure stable operation of the transmission system; the wheel disc is the mounting base of the driving dial and rotates synchronously with the driving dial.

[0010] Furthermore, the soil-expanding and seedling-dispensing assembly includes soil-expanding claws, a rotating wheel, a drive linkage, a hinge shaft, a connecting shaft, and a seedling bin. The rotating wheel is fixedly installed at the front end of the frame and the rear side of the spiral drilling mechanism, and is used to support multiple soil-expanding claws to achieve cyclic operation. The middle part of the soil-expanding claw is hinged to the rotating wheel through the hinge shaft, forming the rotation fulcrum for the opening and closing action of the soil-expanding claw. One end of the drive linkage is hinged to the tail of the soil-expanding claw through the connecting shaft, and the other end is connected to the mechanical transmission assembly for driving the soil-expanding claw to complete synchronous opening and closing actions. The seedling bin is set on the upper part of the soil-expanding assembly and is used to temporarily buffer the sand willow seedlings to be delivered.

[0011] Furthermore, the spiral drilling mechanism includes a drive motor and a spiral conveying shaft; the spiral conveying shaft is vertically arranged at the output end of the drive motor, and the drilling and soil extraction in the sand are realized by the rotation of the spiral blades, and the planting hole processing with appropriate depth is completed in one step.

[0012] On the other hand, the soil-expanding claw forms a double-hinged linkage structure with the connecting shaft through the hinge shaft, which can complete synchronous opening and closing under the pushing and pulling action of the driving connecting rod, realizing the expansion and trimming of the planting hole wall, effectively preventing the hole wall of loose sand from collapsing and ensuring the stability of the planting hole.

[0013] On the other hand, the intermittent transmission mechanism of the mechanical transmission component adopts a four-grooved wheel structure, which can realize precise rhythm control of seedling opening and closing.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are that, compared with existing traditional artificial sand willow planting methods and various electric, hydraulic, and large-scale automated sand willow planting equipment, it fundamentally overcomes the core technical pain points of existing technologies, such as reliance on electric power, bulky structure, high cost, poor adaptability to sandy land, and low planting survival rate, by relying on the innovative mechanical integrated linkage structure. The overall beneficial effects are significant and meet the actual operational needs of desert sandy land, scattered desertified areas, and slope sand control. The entire process utilizes a mechanical transmission structure including gear meshing, intermittent wheel transmission, track friction transmission, and elastic reset, completely eliminating various electrical control and power components such as electrical control systems, sensors, and hydraulic drives. The entire planting operation can be completed using only a single power source. The machine has no circuits, batteries, or other easily damaged parts, completely avoiding the risks of short circuits and sand damage in the high temperatures and windy conditions of the desert. The mechanical structure is extremely durable with a very low failure rate, requiring no professional daily maintenance, significantly reducing the later-stage operation and maintenance costs. At the same time, the simplified mechanical structure design streamlines the overall manufacturing process; core components are all conventional mechanical parts, making processing easier and procurement costs lower. Compared to large-scale automated tree planting equipment, the overall cost is significantly reduced, making it easily affordable for ordinary desertification control construction teams. This breaks down the cost barrier of high-end planting equipment and possesses strong market promotion value. This invention employs a single-source, multi-stage linkage mechanical transmission component, coupled with a grooved wheel intermittent transmission structure, to achieve simultaneous completion of the entire process of drilling, soil expansion, seedling placement, and soil covering upon power input. This completely eliminates the cumbersome process of traditional planting involving step-by-step operations and repeated exertion. Only one power source is needed to simultaneously drive all components except for the feeding and drilling functions. First, seedling placement and delivery are completed, followed by simultaneous soil expansion and seedling placement, and finally, soil covering and compaction are completed. The entire process is seamless and without any interruptions or delays. The time required for planting a single plant is significantly reduced compared to traditional manual planting. Compared to split-type planting devices, the operating torque is greatly reduced, eliminating operator fatigue during long-term operation and effectively increasing the planting volume per unit time. It is suitable for large-scale continuous desertification control operations and completely solves the problems of poor operational continuity and low efficiency in traditional planting methods. This invention features a non-parallel V-shaped disc-type soil-expanding and seedling-dispensing component. Utilizing a 1.5-2° deflection angle of the disc, the soil-expanding claw automatically opens and closes, completing the expansion of the planting hole wall and seedling delivery without additional power. This effectively solves the industry pain point of hole wall collapse after drilling in loose sandy soil, ensuring the stability of the planting hole. Simultaneously, seedling dispensing is completed during the opening and closing of the soil-expanding claw, achieving synchronized soil expansion and seedling dispensing, significantly improving work efficiency. The 65Mn spring steel soil-expanding claw is adaptable to complex sandy terrain and can elastically deform upon encountering rocks to prevent breakage, further enhancing the reliability of the equipment.This invention employs a tracked friction-driven seedling delivery mechanism. Relying on friction transmission instead of traditional gear-meshing transmission, it effectively avoids jamming caused by sand particles entering the transmission gaps in sandy areas. Simultaneously, the seedling cylinder cycles and switches positions synchronously with the track, achieving continuous feeding and seedling delivery. Combined with the precise seedling delivery structure of the baffle assembly, it ensures accurate seedling placement, eliminating missed or crooked seedlings and significantly improving the planting qualification rate. Furthermore, standardized track parts allow for quick replacement, reducing maintenance costs. The spiral drilling mechanism can create planting holes 300-400mm deep in a single pass, meeting the needs of deep planting of sand willows. Simultaneously, soil removal can be completed, and the excavated sand can be used as cover soil, eliminating the need for additional soil removal. In summary, this invention integrates lightweight, high adaptability, low cost, high efficiency, high survival rate, and high reliability, perfectly matching the actual situation of sand willow planting and desertification control projects in China. It fills the market gap for mechanized, sand-adaptive sand willow planting equipment, solving the efficiency and survival rate problems of traditional manual planting while avoiding the cost and sandy environment limitations of existing automated equipment. It has extremely high practical value and promising prospects for industrial promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical linkage willow planting machine of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the seedling feeding transmission mechanism of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical transmission component of the present invention. Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of a portion of the mechanical transmission seedling opening and closing assembly Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the soil expansion and seedling placement component of the present invention. Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged schematic diagram of the middle soil expansion and seedling placement component Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral drilling mechanism of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of the mechanical linkage willow planting machine of the present invention. Reference numerals: 100, Sand-walking mechanism; 200, Soil-expanding and seedling-dispensing assembly; 201, Soil-expanding claw; 202, Rotating wheel; 203, Drive linkage; 2011, Hinge shaft; 2012, Connecting shaft; 2013, Seedling bin; 300, Spiral drilling mechanism; 301, Drive motor; 3021, Spiral conveyor shaft; 400, Seedling dispensing mechanism; 401, Seedling cylinder; 402, Tracked transmission wheel; 4021, Seedling cylinder transmission chain; 403, Baffle assembly; 4031. Movable connecting rod; 4032, baffle one; 500, seedling storage platform; 600, seedling loading assembly; 700, mechanical transmission assembly; 701, driven shaft; 702, double gear coaxial assembly; 7021, bearing; 703, return spring; 7031, spring seat; 7032, driven grooved wheel; 7033, driving dial; 7034, driven pinion; 704, motor; 7011, connecting rod; 7012, gear shaft; 800, frame; 900, soil compaction wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the described embodiments are merely illustrative or explanatory of the principles and processes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent modifications or improvements made based on the concept of the present invention should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the mechanical linkage sand willow planting machine disclosed in this invention includes a sand walking mechanism 100, a soil expansion and seedling delivery component 200, a spiral drilling mechanism 300, a seedling delivery mechanism 400, a seedling storage platform 500, a seedling loading component 600, a mechanical transmission component 700, a frame 800, and a soil covering and compaction wheel 900. The sand-walking mechanism 100 is located at the bottom of the frame 800, forming the mobile load-bearing foundation of the entire machine; the spiral drilling mechanism 300 is fixed to the lower front end of the frame 800, and the soil-expanding and seedling-dispensing component 200 is located behind the spiral drilling mechanism 300, with the two corresponding to each other to achieve alignment of the drilling and soil-expanding and seedling-dispensing positions; the seedling delivery mechanism 400 is located in the middle of the frame 800, the seedling storage platform 500 is located on the upper part of the frame 800, and the seedling loading component 600 is located at the rear end of the seedling storage platform 500 to achieve the connection between loading and buffering; the mechanical transmission component 700 is located inside the frame 800 and is connected to all functional components for transmission, achieving full mechanism linkage under a single power source; the soil compaction wheel 900 is located at the lower rear end of the frame 800, directly below the planting position, to achieve soil compaction after planting.

[0018] All functional components are connected to the mechanical transmission component 700, and the entire planting process, including soil expansion, seedling placement, and soil covering, can be controlled synchronously by relying solely on pure mechanical transmission.

[0019] 1. Seedling delivery agency like Figure 2 As shown, the core transmission components of the seedling conveying transmission chain adopt a track-type friction transmission structure, which takes into account both transmission stability and anti-jamming performance in sandy areas. Among them, the track-type transmission wheel 402 is made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, has no meshing teeth, and relies on friction to drive the track movement. The seedling cylinder transmission chain 4021 is a rubber track structure, with the inner side, i.e., the side that cooperates with the transmission wheel, being a smooth friction surface, which is suitable for friction transmission requirements. The bearing 7013 adopts a deep groove ball bearing with a dust cover, which is suitable for dust prevention requirements in sandy areas.

[0020] The seedling cylinder transmission chain 4021 is a closed-loop annular track structure, fitted on the outside of two tracked transmission wheels 402. It relies on the friction surface to cooperate in transmission, avoiding sand particles from getting stuck in the meshing teeth. Below each tracked transmission wheel 402, a bevel gear is coaxially fixed. The bevel gear is connected to the transverse transmission shaft through a pin-grooved shaft to achieve 90° steering transmission of power. At the same time, the pin-grooved shaft can be quickly disassembled and assembled, which is convenient for later maintenance and parts replacement.

[0021] The operating principle of the transmission chain is as follows: Power steering input: The power output of the mechanical transmission component is sent to the lateral drive shaft. Through the bevel gear on the drive shaft, it meshes with the coaxial bevel gear below the track drive wheel to achieve a 90° steering transmission of power, converting the lateral power into the vertical rotation power of the drive wheel. Friction synchronous drive: When the tracked drive wheel 402 rotates, it relies on the friction between the wheel surface and the inner side of the track to drive the entire annular seedling cylinder drive chain 4021 to move synchronously in a cyclic motion; friction drive can completely avoid the jamming problem caused by sand particles entering the meshing tooth groove, and is suitable for the harsh working environment of sandy land. Workstation switching: The seedling cylinders 401 are evenly arranged and installed on the outside of the seedling cylinder transmission chain 4021. The workstation switching is completed synchronously with the movement of the transmission chain. The seedling cylinders pass through the feeding station, buffer station and seedling placement station in sequence to realize continuous feeding and seedling placement operations. The transmission speed is stably maintained at 0.1m / s, and 3 to 4 workstation cycles can be completed per minute. Tensioning adjustment: The driven track drive wheel can be finely adjusted along the mounting groove to adjust the tension of the drive track, ensuring the track tension and preventing drive slippage and cylinder swaying.

[0022] The transmission chain assembly relies on track friction transmission and bevel gear steering transmission. It can achieve continuous cyclic switching of the seedling cylinder with only a single power source. It does not require a meshing gear structure, which can effectively avoid transmission jamming caused by sand particles in the sandy area. The structure is stable and reliable. At the same time, the standardized parts can be quickly replaced on site, which greatly reduces the maintenance cost of sandy operations.

[0023] 2. Mechanical transmission components like Figure 3 As shown, the support shaft of the mechanical transmission component 700 is made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy hollow tubing, balancing transmission strength and overall lightweight design; all meshing gears are made of 45# steel with a module m=1.5 and a tooth width of 8mm, and the surface undergoes QPQ salt bath composite treatment to improve wear resistance, making it suitable for high-wear sandy conditions; each bearing 7013 uses a deep groove ball bearing with a dust cover to prevent sand particles from entering the transmission gap and causing jamming. After power input, the component is divided into three groups of transmission units operating synchronously: The power input transmission assembly: the output end of the motor 704 is connected to the driving pulley, and drives the driven pulley 402 through belt transmission to achieve first-level reduction; the driven pulley 402 is mounted on the frame through the driven shaft 701, on the one hand driving the seedling cylinder transmission chain 4021 to move, driving the seedling cylinder 401 to cycle and complete the work position switching; on the other hand, it is connected to a multi-stage gear pair transmission to reduce the high-speed rotation of the motor to a low-speed rotation adapted to the working rhythm, and finally drive the wheel 7023 to rotate.

[0024] The intermittent transmission group: the active dial 7033 is fixedly installed on the wheel 7023 and cooperates with the driven grooved wheel 7032 to form a grooved wheel intermittent transmission mechanism; the active dial rotates at a constant speed with the wheel and drives the driven grooved wheel 7032 to complete intermittent rotation through the cylindrical pin, converting continuous rotation into intermittent action of work position switching, and accurately controlling the process rhythm of drilling, expanding, planting seedlings and covering soil.

[0025] like Figure 4 As shown, the seedling feeding opening and closing linkage transmission group: the power of the driven grooved wheel 7032 is output through the gear shaft 7012, driving the active dial 7033 to rotate. The active dial 7033 meshes with the driven pinion 7034, further reducing speed and increasing torque. An eccentric boss is provided on the end face of the driven grooved wheel 7032. When the grooved wheel rotates to the seedling feeding position, the eccentric boss presses against the spring seat 7031. The spring seat 7031 and the connecting rod 7011 are welded and fixed as an integral structure. After the spring seat is subjected to force, it compresses the return spring 703. The connecting rod 7011 slides axially during the sliding process. During the sliding process, the movable connecting rod 4031 moves in conjunction with the movable connecting rod 4031. Since the movable connecting rod 4031 and the baffle 4032 are integrally formed, the baffle 4032 is finally driven to complete the opening action, releasing the sand willow seedlings in the seedling tube 401 to achieve precise placement. After the groove wheel rotates past the work position, the reset spring 703 releases elastic potential energy, driving the spring seat, connecting rod and baffle to automatically reset, blocking the seedlings in the next seedling tube from falling, waiting for the next seedling placement action.

[0026] The single-source power of the mechanical transmission component drives all transmission units to work together, which simplifies the overall mechanical structure and ensures that all actions are synchronized and precise without the need for electronic control components, thus greatly reducing the operating threshold and maintenance cost of sandy operations.

[0027] 3. Soil expansion and seedling placement components like Figure 5 As shown, the core components of the soil-expanding assembly 200 are made of 65Mn spring steel with a shot-blasted passivation treatment, balancing toughness and abrasion resistance. It can elastically deform upon contact with stones to prevent breakage. The two rotating discs 202 are made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, with their rotation axes set at an angle of 1.5° to 2°, forming a V-shaped structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. This results in a trapezoidal structure between the discs, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, suitable for the automatic opening and closing of the soil-expanding claws. The assembly consists of six identical soil-expanding units, evenly distributed between the two rotating discs, rotating synchronously with them for continuous operation. The single soil expansion unit (corresponding to the enlarged view of area B in the figure) consists of two symmetrically arranged soil expansion claws 201, the middle of which is hinged to the rotating wheel 202 via a hinge shaft 2011, forming the rotation fulcrum for the opening and closing action of the soil expansion claws, which can rotate and open and close around the hinge shaft; the two ends of the connecting shaft 2012 are smoothly connected to the driving connecting rods 203 on both sides respectively, and the middle of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the tail of the soil expansion claw 201, realizing the synchronous transmission of power on both sides; the seedling chamber 2013 is set on the upper part of the two soil expansion claws 201, which is used to temporarily buffer the sand willow seedlings to be planted, realizing the synchronous operation of soil expansion and seedling placement.

[0028] like Figure 6 As shown, the working mechanism of the soil-expanding component is as follows: After power input, the two rotating discs 202 rotate synchronously, driving the six soil-expanding units to operate synchronously in a cyclical manner; the two rotating discs are non-parallel discs. When the soil-expanding unit rotates to the upper position of the disc, due to the wide distance between the upper parts of the two rotating discs, the connecting shaft 2012 is stretched by the distance between the discs, thereby driving the two soil-expanding claws 201 to close synchronously towards the center with the hinge shaft 2011 as the axis. At this time, the seedling chamber 2013 completes the buffering of seedlings to be planted. The wood, along with the closed soil-expanding claws, prevents the seedlings from falling; when the soil-expanding unit rotates to the lower position of the wheel, the lower distance between the two rotating wheels narrows, the tension of the connecting shaft 2012 is released, and the two soil-expanding claws 201 open outward synchronously under the action of their own elasticity and the thrust of the connecting rod. On the one hand, it completes the expansion and adjustment of the planting hole wall to prevent the loose sand hole from collapsing; on the other hand, after the soil-expanding claws open, the sand willow seedlings in the seedling box 2013 automatically fall into the planting hole by gravity, realizing the synchronous completion of soil expansion and seedling placement.

[0029] The soil-expanding component relies on the non-parallel V-structure of the wheel to achieve automatic opening and closing of the soil-expanding claws. It requires no additional power, electronic control unit, or sensor components. It can complete the action solely by the positional change of the mechanical structure, which greatly simplifies the overall structure and reduces the maintenance cost of sandy operations.

[0030] 4. Spiral drilling mechanism like Figure 7 As shown, the core drilling parts of the spiral drilling mechanism are made of 45 steel and the surface is treated with QPQ salt bath composite treatment, which has excellent sand abrasion resistance; the drive motor 301 is a DC geared motor, which is adapted to the torque requirements of drilling in sandy areas; the guide column is made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, which takes into account both lightweight and structural rigidity.

[0031] The spiral drilling mechanism is an independent drilling execution unit, which is fixed to the front end of the frame by the upper mounting plate. The drive motor 301 is fixedly installed on the lower part of the mounting plate, and its output end is coaxially connected to the spiral conveying shaft 3021 to provide power for the drilling operation. The spiral blades 302 are spirally arranged and welded to the outside of the spiral conveying shaft 3021, forming the main working body for drilling and soil extraction. Four guide columns are symmetrically arranged around the mounting plate to realize the lifting and guiding of the drilling process, ensure the verticality of the drilling, and avoid skewed holes.

[0032] The working principle of the spiral drilling mechanism is as follows: Workstation trigger: When the whole machine moves to the planting workstation, the drive motor 301 starts, driving the spiral conveyor shaft 3021 and the spiral blades 302 to rotate synchronously, with the speed maintained at 250 rpm, which is suitable for the speed requirements of drilling in sandy areas. Downward feed: The mechanism slides downward along the guide column, and the tip of the spiral conveyor shaft contacts the ground surface first. As the downward action is performed, the spiral blade 302 spins into the sand, completing the drilling feed. Soil extraction and hole making: During the rotation of the spiral blades, the loose sand in the borehole is transported upward along the spiral surface of the blades and brought out of the borehole, preventing the sand from falling back and accumulating in the hole. The planting hole with a depth of 300~400mm is formed in one go, and the hole wall is trimmed to prevent collapse. Reset Waiting: After drilling is completed, the mechanism is lifted up along the guide column to reset, waiting for the next drilling operation. The sand and soil brought out can be used as cover soil later without the need for additional soil removal.

[0033] The spiral drilling mechanism has a simple structure, requiring only a single drive element to complete the drilling and soil extraction operation. It has high drilling verticality, which can effectively avoid the problem of hole wall collapse when drilling in sandy areas. It is suitable for the operation requirements of deep planting of sand willows, and the standardized parts can enable rapid on-site maintenance.

[0034] The operation procedure for the mechanical linkage-type sand willow planting machine is as follows: S1: Preparation Phase The operator pushes the whole machine to the planting position and adjusts the positioning pins of the walking wheels to complete the positioning of the position; at this time, the reset spring is in the natural extension state, the groove wheel mechanism, the soil expansion claw, and the baffle are all in the initial position, and the seedling cylinder transmission chain completes the buffer after feeding and waits for the operation to start.

[0035] S2: Drilling Stage The drive motor starts, causing the spiral conveyor shaft and spiral blades to rotate synchronously. The mechanism slides down along the guide column, and the spiral blades spin into the sand, conveying the loose sand upwards. A planting hole with a depth of 350mm is formed in one go, providing a basic work position for subsequent operations.

[0036] S3: Soil Expansion and Seedling Placement Stage After drilling is completed, the mechanical transmission component drives the rotating wheel to rotate, which moves the soil-expanding unit to the lower position. Due to the non-parallel V-shaped structure of the rotating wheel, which is narrow at the bottom and wide at the top, the soil-expanding claws automatically open outward. On the one hand, this expands the hole wall, increasing the hole diameter to 90mm to prevent the loose sand hole from collapsing. On the other hand, the sand willow seedlings in the seedling box automatically fall into the planting hole by gravity, completing the precise seedling placement. The deviation of the seedling placement position is controlled within ±5mm to ensure the verticality of the planting.

[0037] S4: Covering Stage After the seedlings are planted, the machine moves forward and the soil compaction wheel at the rear rolls along the ground surface, pressing the loose sand brought out by the drill holes into the planting holes. The compaction pressure is controlled at 50N to ensure that the seedlings are firmly planted and will not fall over, thus completing the single-planting operation.

[0038] S5: Reset Phase After the seedling placement station is triggered, the reset spring releases its elastic potential energy, driving the spring seat, connecting rod, and baffle to automatically reset. The soil-expanding unit returns to the upper position with the rotation of the wheel, the soil-expanding claws automatically close, and the seedling bin completes the buffering of the next seedling, awaiting the next planting operation. The entire machine weighs less than 120kg, requiring only two people to handle and move it. The planting depth covers 300-400mm, suitable for deep planting of sand willow. The single-plant planting cycle is ≤2s, increasing efficiency by more than 40% compared to traditional manual planting. Field trials show a 15% increase in planting survival rate compared to manual planting, with a ≤2% rate of misaligned or missed plantings. The transmission mechanism has undergone 10,000 cycle tests without jamming or failure, and the reset response time is ≤0.5s. The entire machine can operate stably in environments ranging from -20℃ to 50℃, has no core electrical control components, and is suitable for high-temperature, windy, sandy, and saline-alkali sandy environments, requiring no special protection.

[0039] In summary, the mechanically linked sand willow planting machine provided by this invention, through its innovative integrated mechanical linkage transmission, non-parallel wheel soil expansion and seedling placement, and tracked friction transmission, fundamentally overcomes the technical bottlenecks of existing sand willow planting equipment, such as reliance on electric power, complex structure, high cost, and poor adaptability to sandy terrain. This invention eliminates all hydraulic and intelligent control components, and through its lightweight overall design, effectively adapts to complex sandy terrain, completely eliminating the fatigue of manual planting involving bending and digging. The simultaneous soil expansion and seedling placement structure significantly reduces the risk of sand hole collapse and misaligned seedlings, significantly improving the survival rate. The machine is inexpensive, lightweight, and highly adaptable, making it widely applicable to various working environments such as desert sandy areas, sloping desertified areas, and scattered desertification control efforts, truly achieving low-cost, high-efficiency, and high-survival-rate sand willow planting operations. This invention not only fills the technological gap in domestic mechanically linked sand willow planting equipment but also highly aligns with the current production status of both large-scale and decentralized desertification control projects in my country, possessing outstanding industrial promotion value.

Claims

1. A mechanical linkage-type willow planting machine, characterized in that, include: The machine comprises a sand-walking mechanism (100), a soil-expanding and seedling-dispensing assembly (200), a spiral drilling mechanism (300), a seedling delivery mechanism (400), a seedling storage platform (500), a seedling loading assembly (600), a mechanical transmission assembly (700), a frame (800), and a soil-covering and compaction wheel (900). The sand-walking mechanism (100) is located at the bottom of the frame (800) and serves as the moving and load-bearing component of the entire machine. The spiral drilling mechanism (300) is fixedly installed on the frame (800). The lower front section is used for drilling and soil extraction in sandy areas; the soil expansion and seedling placement component (200) is located behind the spiral drilling mechanism (300), aligned with the drilling position, and is used for hole wall expansion and seedling placement; the seedling delivery mechanism (400) is located in the middle of the frame (800), and is used for seedling buffering and position switching; the seedling storage platform (500) is located on the upper part of the frame (800), and the seedling loading component (600) is located at the rear end of the seedling storage platform (500) to realize the loading of seedlings. The material is connected to the buffer; the mechanical transmission component (700) is set inside the frame (800); the soil compaction wheel (900) is set at the lower rear end of the frame (800), and has an outwardly convex arc-shaped wheel surface structure. It is used to backfill the loose sand brought out by the drilling into the planting hole after planting, and to complete the soil compaction; the mechanical transmission component (700) includes a motor (704) and a first-level transfer transmission group, a second-level transfer transmission group and an end-execution transmission group connected in sequence. The output power of the motor (704) is synchronously distributed to the spiral drilling mechanism (300), the soil expansion and seedling delivery component (200), the seedling delivery mechanism (400) and the soil compaction wheel (900) through the first-level transfer transmission group. The end-execution transmission group includes a grooved wheel intermittent transmission mechanism and a baffle linkage transmission mechanism. The whole machine is a mechanical linkage structure, without any electronic control unit and sensor, hydraulic drive component and multiple power sources. The entire planting process is completed only through the motor (704) and the mechanical transmission structure.

2. The mechanical linkage-type willow planting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first-stage distribution transmission group includes a driving pulley, a driven pulley (402), and a driven shaft (701); the output shaft of the motor (704) is connected to the driving pulley and drives the driven pulley (402) through belt transmission to achieve first-stage deceleration; the driven pulley (402) is coaxially mounted on the driven shaft (701), and the driven shaft (701) serves as the main shaft for distribution, synchronously distributing power to the spiral drilling mechanism (300), the seedling delivery mechanism (400), and the soil expansion and seedling delivery assembly (200).

3. The mechanical linkage-type willow planting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The secondary drive assembly includes a bevel gear pair and a drive shaft; the driven shaft (701) transmits power 90° to the transverse drive shaft through the bevel gear pair, and the transverse drive shaft simultaneously drives the track drive chain of the seedling delivery mechanism (400) and the rotating wheel of the soil expansion and seedling delivery assembly (200).

4. The mechanical linkage-type willow planting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermittent transmission mechanism of the grooved wheel includes a wheel disc (7023), an active dial disc (7033), and a driven grooved wheel (7032). The active dial disc (7033) is fixedly installed on the wheel disc (7023). The active dial disc (7033) and the driven grooved wheel (7032) cooperate to form the intermittent transmission mechanism of the grooved wheel. The driven grooved wheel (7032) has four evenly distributed work positions, which correspond to the intermittent rhythm control of the four processes of drilling, soil expansion, seedling planting, and soil covering. The intermittent transmission mechanism of the grooved wheel converts the continuous rotation of the motor into the intermittent motion of each actuator, and accurately controls the operation rhythm of each process.

5. The mechanical linkage-type willow planting machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The baffle linkage transmission mechanism includes a gear shaft (7012), a driven pinion (7034), a spring seat (7031), a return spring (703), a connecting rod (7011), and a movable connecting rod (4031). The power of the driven grooved wheel (7032) is output through the gear shaft (7012), and the torque is reduced and increased by the driven pinion (7034). The end face of the driven grooved wheel (7032) is provided with an eccentric boss. When the grooved wheel rotates to the seedling placement position... The eccentric boss presses against the spring seat (7031), the spring seat (7031) is welded and fixed to the connecting rod (7011), the connecting rod (7011) drives the baffle to open and release the seedlings in conjunction with the movable connecting rod (4031); the reset spring (703) is installed on the spring seat (7031), and releases elastic potential energy after the grooved wheel rotates past the work position, driving the spring seat (7031), the connecting rod (7011) and the baffle to automatically reset.

6. The mechanical linkage-type sand willow planting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil-expanding claw (201) of the soil-expanding seedling-planting component (200) is made of 65Mn spring steel and the surface is shot-blasted and passivated; the two rotating discs (202) are made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. The two rotating discs (202) are arranged in a non-parallel manner with a relative angle of 1.5° to 2°, so that the spacing between the rotating discs (202) presents a trapezoidal structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom.

7. The mechanical linkage-type sand willow planting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil-expanding and seedling-planting assembly (200) is provided with six sets of evenly arranged soil-expanding units; each soil-expanding unit includes two symmetrically arranged soil-expanding claws (201), a hinge shaft (2011), a connecting shaft (2012), a drive link (203), and a seedling chamber (2013); the middle part of the soil-expanding claw (201) is hinged to the rotating wheel (202) through the hinge shaft (2011), forming the rotation fulcrum for opening and closing the soil-expanding claw; the two ends of the connecting shaft (2012) are respectively connected to the drive link (203) on both sides, and the middle part of the connecting shaft (2012) is connected to the drive link (203) on both sides. The soil-expanding unit is fixed to the tail of the soil-expanding claw (201). When the soil-expanding unit rotates to the upper position of the rotating wheel (202), the two soil-expanding claws (201) are stretched towards the center by the wheel spacing. When the soil-expanding unit rotates to the lower position of the rotating wheel (202), the two soil-expanding claws (201) automatically open outward after the wheel spacing narrows. The seedling bin (2013) is set on the upper part of the two soil-expanding claws (201) and releases seedlings synchronously when the soil-expanding claws open, so as to realize the synchronous operation of soil expansion and seedling placement.

8. The mechanical linkage-type willow planting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seedling delivery mechanism (400) includes 32 seedling cylinders (401), two tracked drive wheels (402), a seedling cylinder drive chain (4021), and a baffle assembly (403). The seedling cylinder drive chain (4021) is a closed-loop annular rubber track structure with a smooth friction surface on the inner side. The seedling cylinders (401) are evenly arranged and installed on the outer side of the seedling cylinder drive chain (4021). The two tracked drive wheels (402) have no meshing teeth and drive the seedling cylinder drive chain (4021) by friction. The cylinder (401) cycles through the seedling cylinder transmission chain (4021) to switch between the feeding station, the buffer station, and the seedling placement station. The baffle assembly (403) is located at the lower part of the seedling placement station and includes a movable connecting rod (4031) and a baffle (4032). One end of the movable connecting rod (4031) is hinged to the baffle (4032), and the other end is connected to the baffle linkage transmission mechanism. The baffle (4032) blocks the seedlings from falling when the seedling placement station is not in the seedling placement station and releases the seedlings when the seedling placement station is opened.

9. The mechanical linkage-type sand willow planting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral drilling mechanism (300) includes a spiral conveying shaft (3021) and spiral blades (302); the spiral conveying shaft (3021) is vertically arranged at the output end of the motor (704), and the spiral blades (302) are spirally arranged and welded to the outside of the spiral conveying shaft (3021). The spiral drilling mechanism (300) can form planting holes with a depth of 300mm to 400mm in one go. The drilling speed of the spiral blades (302) is stably maintained at 250rpm. The loose sand brought out by the spiral drilling mechanism (300) during drilling is used as cover soil, and no additional soil is required.

10. The mechanical linkage-type sand willow planting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sand walking mechanism (100) adopts a tumbleweed bionic universal wheel structure, which can rotate in four directions and is suitable for complex terrains such as slopes and sand dunes, thus preventing the walking mechanism from getting stuck or slipping in the sand.

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