Rice flavoring and yield increasing oxidant and its application

Abstract

This invention relates to an oxidant for enhancing rice aroma and yield, and its application, belonging to the field of crop cultivation technology. The oxidant comprises 5-8 parts oxidant, 0.1-0.5 parts stabilizer, 8-15 parts carrier, and 77-87 parts water. This oxidant has a targeted and stimulating effect, directly promoting the synthesis of proline, a aroma precursor, during rice growth, thereby intervening in the synthesis of aroma substances; stimulating the transfer of photosynthetic products to grains, promoting grain filling, and increasing the thousand-grain weight; increasing the flavonoid content in the later stages of rice growth, and slowing down premature leaf senescence, thus significantly improving rice aroma and yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop cultivation technology, and in particular to an oxidant for enhancing the aroma and yield of rice and its application. Background Technology

[0002] The aroma of rice is closely related to factors such as the genetic characteristics of the variety, the environmental conditions of the production area, and cultivation management measures. Existing fragrant rice varieties have prominent problems in production, such as unstable aroma and inconsistent quality. Cultivating healthy rice populations is the key to the synergistic effect of yield and quality in high-quality rice. Affected by planting methods, soil fertility, fertilizer and water regulation, and pesticide control methods, how to combine good varieties with good methods to achieve high yield, improved quality, and increased efficiency is a production challenge.

[0003] Existing rice flavor enhancers mainly increase aroma by adding hormones such as gibberellin (GA), paclobutrazol PP333, brassinolide, and indoleacetic acid, or by adding large amounts of chemical substances. These methods suffer from drawbacks such as unstable flavor enhancement, poor efficacy, and chemical input residues. Furthermore, the flavor enhancers cause problems such as poor and unstable grain flavor enhancement across different years, regions, and climates, seriously affecting the sustainable development of the fragrant rice industry. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a highly efficient, stable, green, safe, low-cost flavor enhancer with wide applicability in various regions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an oxidant for enhancing the aroma and yield of rice and its application, so as to solve the problems of insufficient aroma, low yield and significant decline in taste and aroma during continuous planting of high-quality fragrant rice in the existing technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides an aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts oxidant, 0.1-0.5 parts stabilizer, 8-15 parts carrier, and 77-87 parts water; The oxidizing agent includes one or more of chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, and monochloramine; The stabilizers include 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid and / or hydroxyethylidene diphosphate; The carrier includes one or more of tripotassium phosphate, calcium nitrate, and potassium silicate.

[0006] The present invention also provides the application of the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant in improving the aroma and / or yield of rice.

[0007] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant, comprising the following steps: (1) Mix the stabilizer, carrier and water, and stir for 10-15 hours to obtain a mixture; (2) Mix the mixture, oxidant and water, and stir for 3-6 hours to obtain the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant.

[0008] Preferably, the water in step (1) is in the form of 15 to 25 parts by mass; The stirring speed is 30-60 rpm; The pH of the mixture is greater than 8.5.

[0009] Preferably, the mass fraction of water in step (2) is 52 to 72 parts; The stirring speed is 10-30 rpm, and the stirring temperature is 0-4℃.

[0010] This invention also provides a method for enhancing the aroma and increasing the yield of rice, comprising the following steps: (a) After the rice seeds emerge, spray the rice with an aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant 1-2 times; (b) During the panicle differentiation stage of rice, spray the rice with an aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant 1-2 times; (c) During the grain-filling stage of rice, spray the rice with an aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant 1 to 2 times.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of the rice seed solution to the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant in step (a) is 3 to 7:1; The mass ratio of the disinfected seeds to the water in the seed solution is 1 to 2:1.

[0012] Preferably, the amount of aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant applied in step (b) is 50-125 g / mu.

[0013] Preferably, the amount of aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant applied in steps (c) to (d) is 300 to 600 g / mu per single application.

[0014] The present invention also provides the application of the method in improving the aroma and / or yield of rice.

[0015] The present invention has the following technical effects and advantages: The aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant of the present invention has a targeting effect and a stimulating effect. It can directly promote the synthesis of proline, a flavor precursor, during the rice growth stage, thereby interfering with the synthesis of flavor substances; it stimulates the transfer of photosynthetic products to grains, promotes grain filling, and increases the thousand-grain weight; it increases the flavonoid content in the later stages of rice growth and slows down premature leaf senescence, thereby significantly improving the aroma and yield of rice. The present invention provides a method for enhancing rice aroma and increasing yield. This method utilizes the activation and regulation mechanism of an appropriate concentration of aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant, applied during key rice growth stages to activate metabolic pathways within the rice plant. Specifically, soaking rice seeds with the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant for disinfection kills Fusarium wilt and stimulates seed stress response; applying the oxidant during the one-leaf-one-heart stage inhibits soil-borne diseases and promotes strong, healthy seedlings; applying it after rehydration during panicle differentiation promotes the production and accumulation of proline, a aroma precursor, in rice leaves and stems; and applying it during the grain-filling stage promotes the transfer of aroma compounds to grains and carbohydrate filling, thereby improving rice grain fullness. Detailed Implementation

[0016] This invention provides an aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of oxidant, preferably 6 parts; 0.1-0.5 parts of stabilizer, preferably 0.3 parts; 8-15 parts of carrier, preferably 12 parts; and 77-87 parts of water, preferably 82 parts. The oxidizing agent includes one or more of chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, and monochloramine; The stabilizers include 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA) and / or hydroxyethylidene diphosphate (HEDP); The carrier includes one or more of tripotassium phosphate, calcium nitrate, and potassium silicate.

[0017] In this invention, the active oxygen content of the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant is 10,000 to 12,000 mg / L, preferably 12,000 mg / L.

[0018] The present invention also provides the application of the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant in improving the aroma and / or yield of rice.

[0019] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant, comprising the following steps: (1) Mix the stabilizer, carrier and water, and stir for 10-15 hours, preferably 12 hours, to obtain a mixture; (2) Mix the mixture, oxidant and water, and stir for 3 to 6 hours, preferably 5 hours, to obtain the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant.

[0020] In this invention, the mass fraction of water in step (1) is 15 to 25 parts, preferably 20 parts; The stirring speed is 30-60 rpm, preferably 50 rpm; The pH of the mixture is greater than 8.5.

[0021] In this invention, the mass fraction of water in step (2) is 52 to 72 parts, preferably 62 parts; The stirring speed is 10-30 rpm, preferably 20 rpm; the stirring temperature is 0-4℃, preferably 4℃.

[0022] This invention also provides a method for enhancing the aroma and increasing the yield of rice, comprising the following steps: (a) Mix rice seeds with an aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant for 24–72 h, preferably 72 h, to obtain sterilized seeds. Soak the sterilized seeds in water for 1–3 days, preferably 1 day, and then sow them to obtain rice. (b) After rice seedlings emerge, preferably at the one-leaf-one-heart stage, spray the rice with an aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant 1-2 times, preferably once; (c) During the panicle differentiation stage of rice, preferably after re-irrigation during the panicle differentiation stage, spray rice with an aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant 1 to 2 times, preferably once; (d) During the grain-filling stage of rice, preferably in the early stage of grain filling, spray the rice with an aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant 1 to 2 times, preferably 2 times; spray once every 7 to 10 days, preferably every 7 days.

[0023] In this invention, the mass ratio of rice seeds to aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant in step (a) is 3 to 7:1, preferably 5:1; The mass ratio of the disinfected seeds to water is 1 to 2:1, preferably 1.5:1.

[0024] In this invention, the concentration of the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant in step (a) is 300 to 500 times the concentration of the solution, preferably 300 times the concentration of the solution.

[0025] In this invention, the pH of a 300-500 times solution of the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant is 6.2-7.0, preferably 6.5.

[0026] In this invention, the amount of aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant applied in step (b) is 50-125 g / mu, preferably 80 g / mu.

[0027] In this invention, the amount of aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant applied in steps (c) to (d) is 300-600 g / mu, preferably 400 g / mu.

[0028] The present invention also provides the application of the method in improving the aroma and / or yield of rice.

[0029] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1: Preparation of aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidants Take 0.3 kg PBTCA, 12 kg tripotassium phosphate and 20 kg water, mix them and stir at 50 rpm for 12 h. Adjust the pH to > 8.5 with 10 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a mixed solution. Take the mixed solution, 6 kg sodium hypochlorite and 62 kg water, mix them and stir at 4℃ and 20 rpm for 5 h to obtain an aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant with an active oxygen content of 12000 mg / L.

[0031] Example 2: Preparation of working solution for aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant The aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant prepared in Example 1 was mixed with water to prepare a 300-fold solution. The pH was adjusted to 6.5 with acidic 5% PBS buffer to activate the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant and maintain it within the range of plant physiological activity, thus obtaining the working solution of the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant.

[0032] Experimental Example 1: Application of aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidants in conventional indica rice In this embodiment, the tested indica conventional rice variety was Xiangdao 19 Xiang, and the test base was located in Wucheng, Jinhua, Zhejiang.

[0033] Fragrant rice 19 seeds were mixed with the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant working solution prepared in Example 2 at a seed-to-solution mass ratio of 5:1, soaked, and disinfected in the dark for 72 hours to obtain disinfected seeds. Water was added to the disinfected seeds to a seed-to-solution mass ratio of 1.5:1, and the seeds were soaked for 1 day before sowing. The sowing amount was 90g / tray (dry grains) to obtain rice. When the rice was at the one-leaf-one-heart stage, the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant prepared in Example 1 was sprayed on the rice leaves once at a rate of 80g / mu. After spraying, the rice was machine-transplanted and managed according to conventional methods, with a machine-transplanting density of 30cm×14cm. At this time, the rice was divided into two groups, Experiment 1 and Experiment 2. After rehydration during the panicle differentiation stage, at the early grain-filling stage, and one week after grain filling, the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant prepared in Example 1 was sprayed on the rice leaves once each, at application rates of 300g / mu and 400g / mu for Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, respectively. Two groups, CK1 and CK2, were established. CK1 was treated with prochloraz seed disinfection, followed by spraying with water at the one-leaf-one-heart stage, after rehydration at panicle differentiation, at the early grain-filling stage, and one week after grain filling. CK2 was treated with 5% PBS buffer, followed by spraying with 5% PBS buffer at the one-leaf-one-heart stage, and spraying with 12% PBS buffer after rehydration at panicle differentiation, at the early grain-filling stage, and one week after grain filling. At maturity, the yield of each group was measured by actual harvesting. The number of effective panicles, number of grains per panicle, total spikelet count, thousand-grain weight, seed setting rate, and rice yield were analyzed. The content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrrolline (2-AP), a key aroma compound in rice, was determined using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument with an Agilent processor. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0034] Table 1. Results of 2-AP content determination in Xiangdao 19xiang ; Table 2 Results of yield composition determination for Xiangdao 19 Xiang ; The results showed that the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant of the present invention could significantly increase the content of aroma compound 2-AP, rice yield and thousand-grain weight in Xiangdao 19 fragrant rice.

[0035] Experiment Example 2: Application of aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidants in indica hybrid rice In this embodiment, the tested indica hybrid rice variety was Xiangdao Aofuyou 287, and the test base was located in Wucheng, Jinhua, Zhejiang.

[0036] Seeds of the fragrant rice variety Aofuyou 287 were mixed with the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant working solution prepared in Example 2 at a seed-to-solution mass ratio of 5:1, soaked, and disinfected in the dark for 72 hours to obtain disinfected seeds. Water was added to the disinfected seeds to a seed-to-solution mass ratio of 1.5:1, and the seeds were soaked for 1 day before sowing. The sowing rate was 75g / tray (dry grains) to obtain rice. When the rice was at the one-leaf-one-heart stage, the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant prepared in Example 1 was sprayed on the rice leaves once at a rate of 80g / mu. After spraying, the rice was machine-transplanted and managed according to conventional methods at a planting density of 30cm×14cm. The rice was then divided into two groups: Experimental Group 1 and Experimental Group 2. After rehydration during the panicle differentiation stage, at the early grain-filling stage, and one week after grain filling, the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant prepared in Example 1 was sprayed on the rice leaves once each. The spraying rates for Experimental Group 1 and Experimental Group 2 were 350g / mu and 450g / mu, respectively. Two groups, CK1 and CK2, were established. In CK1, rice seeds were disinfected by soaking in prochloraz, and sprayed with water at the one-leaf-one-heart stage, after rehydration at the panicle differentiation stage, at the early grain-filling stage, and one week after grain filling. In CK2, rice seeds were treated with 5% PBS buffer, sprayed with 5% PBS buffer at the one-leaf-one-heart stage, and sprayed with 12% PBS buffer after rehydration at the panicle differentiation stage, at the early grain-filling stage, and one week after grain filling. At maturity, the yield of each group of rice was measured by actual harvesting. The number of effective panicles, number of grains per panicle, total spikelet count, thousand-grain weight, seed setting rate, and rice yield were analyzed. The content of 2-AP in rice was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with an Agilent triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0037] Table 3. Results of 2-AP content determination in Aofuyou 287 fragrant rice. ; Table 4. Results of yield composition determination for fragrant rice Aofuyou 287 ; The results showed that the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant of the present invention could significantly increase the content of aroma compound 2-AP, rice yield, and thousand-grain weight in fragrant rice Aofuyou 287.

[0038] Experiment Example 3: Application of aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidants in conventional japonica rice In this embodiment, the tested conventional japonica rice variety was Xiangdao Zhehexiang No. 2, and the test base was located in Haining, Jiaxing, Zhejiang.

[0039] Seeds of the fragrant rice variety Zhehexiang 2 were mixed with the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant working solution prepared in Example 2 at a seed-to-solution mass ratio of 5:1, soaked, and disinfected in the dark for 72 hours to obtain disinfected seeds. Water was added to the disinfected seeds to a seed-to-solution mass ratio of 1.5:1, and the seeds were soaked for 1 day before sowing. The sowing rate was 90g / tray (dry grains) to obtain rice. When the rice was at the one-leaf-one-heart stage, the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant prepared in Example 1 was sprayed on the rice leaves once at a rate of 80g / mu. After spraying, the rice was machine-transplanted and managed according to conventional methods, with a machine-transplanting density of 30cm×14cm. The rice was then divided into two groups: Experimental Group 1 and Experimental Group 2. After rehydration during the panicle differentiation stage, at the early grain-filling stage, and one week after grain filling, the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant prepared in Example 1 was sprayed on the rice leaves once each. The spraying rates for Experimental Group 1 and Experimental Group 2 were 400g / mu and 500g / mu, respectively. Two groups, CK1 and CK2, were established. CK1 was treated with prochloraz seed disinfection, followed by spraying with water at the one-leaf-one-heart stage, after rehydration at panicle differentiation, at the early grain-filling stage, and one week after grain filling. CK2 was treated with 5% PBS buffer, followed by spraying with 5% PBS buffer at the one-leaf-one-heart stage, and spraying with 12% PBS buffer after rehydration at panicle differentiation, at the early grain-filling stage, and one week after grain filling. Transcriptomic and metabolomic studies were conducted at the heading stage to analyze the response of rice plants to aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidants. At maturity, actual harvesting and yield measurement were performed on each group of rice. The number of effective panicles, number of grains per panicle, total spikelet count, thousand-grain weight, seed setting rate, and rice yield were analyzed. The content of 2-AP in rice was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with an Agilent triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer. The results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.

[0040] Table 5. Results of determination of active ingredient content in Zhehexiang No. 2 fragrant rice. ; Table 6. Results of yield composition determination for Zhehexiang No. 2 fragrant rice. ; The results showed that the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant of the present invention could significantly increase the content of aroma compound 2-AP, proline, flavonoids, rice yield, and thousand-grain weight in Zhehexiang 2 rice. This indicates that the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant of the present invention can significantly increase the flavonoid content in the later stages of rice growth, slow down premature leaf senescence, and thus improve yield; it also promotes the increase of proline, a precursor to aroma compound synthesis, and increases the content of aroma compound 2-AP.

[0041] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a rice aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant and its application. The aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant of the present invention has a targeting effect and a stimulating effect, capable of directly promoting the synthesis of proline, a aroma precursor, during the rice growth stage, thereby intervening in the synthesis of aroma substances; stimulating the transfer of photosynthetic products to grains, promoting grain filling, and increasing the thousand-grain weight; increasing the flavonoid content in the later stages of rice growth, and slowing down premature leaf senescence, thereby significantly improving the aroma and yield of rice.

[0042] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant, characterized in that, It comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts oxidant, 0.1-0.5 parts stabilizer, 8-15 parts carrier, and 77-87 parts water; The oxidizing agent includes one or more of chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, and monochloramine; The stabilizers include 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid and / or hydroxyethylidene diphosphate; The carrier includes one or more of tripotassium phosphate, calcium nitrate, and potassium silicate.

2. The application of the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant according to claim 1 in improving the aroma and / or yield of rice.

3. The method for preparing the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Mix the stabilizer, carrier and water, and stir for 10-15 hours to obtain a mixture; (2) Mix the mixture, oxidant and water, and stir for 3-6 hours to obtain the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mass fraction of water in step (1) is 15 to 25 parts; The stirring speed is 30-60 rpm; The pH of the mixture is greater than 8.

5.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The water in step (2) is in the form of 52 to 72 parts by mass; The stirring speed is 10-30 rpm, and the stirring temperature is 0-4℃.

6. A method for enhancing the aroma and increasing the yield of rice, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (a) After the rice seeds emerge, spray the rice with an aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant 1-2 times; (b) During the panicle differentiation stage of rice, spray the rice with an aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant 1-2 times; (c) During the grain-filling stage of rice, spray the rice with an aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant 1-2 times; The aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant is the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant as described in claim 1.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The single application rate of the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant described in step (b) is 50–125 g / mu.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The single application rate of the aroma-enhancing and yield-increasing oxidant described in steps (c) to (d) is 300-600 g / mu.

9. The application of the method according to any one of claims 6 to 8 in improving the aroma and / or yield of rice.