A gaming chair intelligent adaptive adjustment system based on sitting posture perception

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on sitting posture perception's e-sports chair intelligent adaptive adjustment system, it is related to sitting posture perception detection technical field, including sitting posture perception front end, sitting posture signal conditioning module, inertial attitude detection unit, sensor array, sitting posture signal conditioning module, main control minimum system, drive execution module, wireless communication module and power management module;Through positive feedback bootstrap circuit design makes sitting posture perception signal channel have superhigh input impedance, greatly reduce signal attenuation in signal transmission process, cooperate with the multistage of sitting posture signal conditioning module operational amplifier, common-mode rejection circuit and double T type trap wave filter combination design, can efficiently suppress power frequency interference, mechanical interference and signal drift, simultaneously the directional collection of sensor array and the band pass filtering of sitting posture signal conditioning module, automatic gain control circuit cooperation, effectively filter environmental noise and mechanical interference in e-sports scene, ensure the accurate extraction of various sitting posture perception signals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of posture sensing and detection technology, and in particular to an intelligent adaptive adjustment system for gaming chairs based on posture sensing. Background Technology

[0002] Esports is a popular recreational and competitive activity. Esports users often sit for long periods while using gaming chairs, and the suitability of their posture directly impacts their gaming experience and spinal health. Prolonged poor gaming posture (leaning forward, lying back, or tilting to the side) can easily lead to health problems such as lumbar muscle strain and cervical degeneration. Data collected on posture can accurately reflect the user's body posture, providing a basis for posture correction and ergonomic adaptation. With the rapid development of the esports industry and the increasing health awareness of users, the demand for long-term, continuous esports posture monitoring and adaptive adjustment is becoming increasingly urgent. Traditional manually adjustable gaming chairs can no longer meet users' core demands for seamless, personalized, and real-time adjustments. Smart gaming chair technology, with its advantages of requiring no manual operation and real-time posture adaptation, has become a viable alternative. Among these technologies, multi-dimensional posture sensing technology, with its ability to comprehensively capture human posture, adapt to esports scenarios, and perform non-intrusive detection, has unique applicability in the gaming chair field. It can be seamlessly integrated into the gaming chair structure through embedded design without affecting the user's gaming experience.

[0003] However, existing technologies still face many bottlenecks: posture sensing sensors lack excellent front-end impedance matching networks, resulting in severe signal attenuation during transmission and poor signal quality; most solutions use fixed sensor configurations, which can only complete posture acquisition under ideal conditions where the user is seated still, and cannot adapt to the actual scenario where the human body frequently changes posture in e-sports scenarios; at the same time, existing solutions have problems of functional fragmentation or incomplete integration. Most commercial products focus only on a single adjustment function, requiring manual operation to switch, which conflicts with the requirement of non-sensory interaction. A few systems that attempt to integrate sensing and adjustment functions face technical challenges such as insufficient monitoring dimensions, low posture recognition accuracy, and poor signal quality consistency under different body positions, which restrict their large-scale deployment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides an intelligent adaptive adjustment system for gaming chairs based on posture sensing. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] A smart adaptive adjustment system for gaming chairs based on posture perception includes a posture perception front end, a posture signal conditioning module, an inertial attitude detection unit, a sensor array, a drive execution module, a main control minimum system, a wireless communication module, and a power management module.

[0006] The posture sensing front end consists of a positive feedback bootstrap circuit and a single-pole multi-throw multiplexer, which is used to increase the input impedance to reduce the attenuation of the posture sensing signal transmission and to complete the selective switching of the sensor unit with three types of channels: pressure acquisition, posture detection, and distance detection.

[0007] The posture signal conditioning module adopts a multi-stage operational amplifier structure to perform differential amplification, noise suppression, amplitude adjustment and discretization processing on the posture sensing signal, thereby improving the signal anti-interference capability and acquisition accuracy; the inertial attitude detection unit adopts a high-precision IMU sensor solution to complete the acquisition of posture state-related signals by capturing the chair back tilt angle and changes in human torso posture.

[0008] The sensor array consists of multiple low-noise thin-film pressure sensors and infrared ranging sensors, used to collect signals related to seat pressure distribution, shoulder height, leg position and sitting posture in e-sports scenarios, covering the core area of ​​contact between the human body and the e-sports chair.

[0009] The posture signal conditioning module is used to amplify, filter, control the gain, and digitize weak posture sensing signals to suppress environmental and mechanical interference in e-sports scenarios.

[0010] The main control minimum system, as the core control unit, is responsible for the synchronous acquisition, processing, algorithm operation, and command issuance of data from multiple modules. The configuration storage unit is used for local storage of user sitting posture habits and adjustment parameters. The wireless communication module is used to complete the wireless transmission of monitoring data, remote parameter configuration, and linkage with gaming equipment. The drive execution module consists of multiple sets of electric push rods and stepper motors, which are used to receive main control commands and complete the adaptive adjustment of the gaming chair's lumbar support, headrest, armrests, backrest, and other mechanisms.

[0011] The power management module supports dual-mode power supply, provides stable voltage to each module, and integrates protection circuits and low-power control units to ensure long-term stable operation of the system.

[0012] Beneficial effects

[0013] Firstly, the signal acquisition has high fidelity and strong anti-interference capability. The positive feedback bootstrap circuit design enables the posture sensing signal channel to have ultra-high input impedance, which greatly reduces signal attenuation during signal transmission. Combined with the multi-stage operational amplifier, common-mode rejection circuit and dual T-type notch filter combination design of the posture signal conditioning module, it can effectively suppress power frequency interference, mechanical interference and signal drift. At the same time, the directional acquisition of the sensor array and the bandpass filtering and automatic gain control circuit of the posture signal conditioning module work together to effectively filter environmental noise and mechanical interference in the e-sports scene, ensuring the accurate extraction of various posture sensing signals.

[0014] Secondly, it has strong adaptability to sitting posture and excellent monitoring continuity. The high-precision detection scheme of the inertial attitude detection unit captures the human body's sitting posture change information in real time. Combined with the single-pole multi-throw multiplexer of the sitting posture sensing front end, the sensor unit can be dynamically configured into different channels to ensure that the optimal sensor configuration can be selected under different e-sports sitting postures, avoid signal loss or quality degradation, and ensure the stability of long-term continuous monitoring and adjustment.

[0015] Third, it features highly integrated functions and an outstanding seamless experience, breaking through the limitations of existing products with fragmented functions. It integrates three core functions: posture sensing, posture recognition, and multi-dimensional adaptive adjustment into one, eliminating the need for manual operation by the user. Through embedded design, it is seamlessly integrated into the structure of the gaming chair, and each module is designed to meet the requirements of low power consumption and no interference, avoiding discomfort caused by additional devices and significantly improving user compliance.

[0016] Fourth, it has significant practical value and is applicable to a wide range of scenarios. The system collects sitting posture signals that support the analysis of indicators such as sitting posture deviation and pressure distribution. The sitting posture adjustment performance can meet the needs of users of different heights and body types, and can provide reliable support for e-sports users to correct their sitting posture and protect their spinal health. It also supports both DC power supply and lithium battery power supply modes, adapting to various scenarios such as home e-sports, e-sports arenas, and portable e-sports, taking into account both daily use and professional competition needs.

[0017] Fifth, it boasts high stability and reliability with guaranteed data security. The power management module integrates overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection as well as low battery reminder functions. The main control minimum system is equipped with a large-capacity serial flash memory to support long-term local backtracking of user sitting posture habits and adjustment parameters, avoiding data loss due to unexpected power outages. All modules adopt a shielded design to effectively reduce electromagnetic interference, laying a solid foundation for subsequent sitting posture analysis and adaptive adjustment. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A flowchart provided for an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 2 This application provides a circuit diagram related to the posture sensing front-end in an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] The hardware wiring diagram includes a positive feedback bootstrap circuit and an equivalent circuit diagram when an AC signal is input. The hardware wiring diagram clarifies the specific connection methods of the precision operational amplifier, resistors R1 and R2, and capacitor C2. The equivalent circuit diagram helps explain the circuit principle of positive feedback to improve input impedance.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the posture signal conditioning module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] The presentation module shows the series connection of each functional unit, sequentially displaying the signal flow and interface connection of the instrumentation amplifier, positive feedback active double T-type notch filter, second-order low-pass filter, adder and right leg drive circuit, clarifying the position of each unit in the posture perception signal processing flow. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solution provided in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the following points will be explained first:

[0026] First, in this application, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "more than one" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects, but does not exclude the possibility of indicating an "and" relationship. The specific meaning can be understood in the context. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of singular or plural items. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c" can represent: a, b, c; a and b; a and c; b and c; or a and b and c. Here, a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0027] Second, in this application, the use of prefixes such as "first" and "second" is merely for the purpose of distinguishing and describing different things belonging to the same name category, and does not constrain the order, size, or quantity of things. For example, "first message" and "second message" are simply different messages, and there is no temporal sequence, size, or priority relationship between them.

[0028] In this embodiment of the invention, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be written in a non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meaning they express is the same.

[0029] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, an intelligent adaptive adjustment system for gaming chairs based on posture perception includes a posture perception front end, a posture signal conditioning module, an inertial attitude detection unit, a sensor array, a posture signal conditioning module, a main control minimum system, a drive execution module, a wireless communication module, and a power management module.

[0031] The posture sensing front end consists of a positive feedback bootstrap circuit and a single-pole multi-throw multiplexer, which is used to increase the input impedance to reduce the attenuation of the posture sensing signal transmission and to complete the selective switching of the sensor unit with three types of channels: pressure acquisition, posture detection, and distance detection.

[0032] The posture signal conditioning module adopts a multi-stage operational amplifier structure to perform differential amplification, noise suppression, amplitude adjustment and discretization processing on the posture sensing signal, thereby improving the signal anti-interference capability and acquisition accuracy; the inertial attitude detection unit adopts a high-precision IMU sensor solution to complete the acquisition of posture state-related signals by capturing the chair back tilt angle and changes in human torso posture.

[0033] The sensor array consists of multiple low-noise thin-film pressure sensors and infrared ranging sensors, used to collect signals related to seat pressure distribution, shoulder height, leg position and sitting posture in e-sports scenarios, covering the core area of ​​contact between the human body and the e-sports chair.

[0034] The posture signal conditioning module is used to amplify, filter, control the gain, and digitize weak posture sensing signals to suppress environmental and mechanical interference in e-sports scenarios.

[0035] The main control minimum system is the core control unit, responsible for the synchronous acquisition, processing, algorithm operation, and command issuance of data from multiple modules. The configuration storage unit is used for local storage of user sitting habits and adjustment parameters. The wireless communication module is used to complete the wireless transmission of monitoring data, remote parameter configuration, and linkage with gaming equipment. The drive execution module consists of multiple sets of electric push rods and stepper motors, used to receive main control commands and complete the adaptive adjustment of the gaming chair's lumbar support, headrest, armrests, backrest, and other mechanisms.

[0036] The power management module supports dual-mode power supply, provides stable voltage to each module, and integrates protection circuits and low-power control units to ensure long-term stable operation of the system.

[0037] It should be noted that the system startup initialization steps are as follows: After the system is powered on, the power management module first completes the dual-mode power supply initialization and outputs a stable voltage to each module; the posture sensing front-end calibrates the connection status of the sensor unit and the multiplexer to ensure normal channel conduction; the posture signal conditioning module loads preset anti-interference parameters (filter parameters, amplification factor reference value); the inertial attitude detection unit calibrates the attitude reference value (the default is a vertical chair back and an upright human body as the reference); the main control minimum system starts the timer and DMA controller, configures storage and communication parameters, completes the self-test of each module, and enters the ready state after confirming that there are no faults.

[0038] Posture sensing and adjustment coordination steps: ① A sensor array directionally collects signals such as seat cushion pressure distribution, shoulder height, and leg position, and transmits them to the posture signal conditioning module via shielded cables; ② An inertial attitude detection unit captures changes in the chair back tilt angle and human torso posture through an IMU sensor, and synchronously outputs posture signals to the posture signal conditioning module; ③ The posture signal conditioning module differentially amplifies, suppresses noise, adjusts amplitude, and digitally converts the two types of signals, and transmits them to the main control minimum system; ④ The main control minimum system identifies the current posture based on the received signals and outputs adjustment commands to the drive execution module; ⑤ The drive execution module receives the commands and drives the electric push rod and stepper motor to complete the adaptive adjustment of the gaming chair's lumbar support, headrest, and other mechanisms; ⑥ The wireless communication module synchronously transmits posture data and adjustment parameters to the terminal device or cloud platform, and simultaneously receives remote parameter configuration commands (if any).

[0039] Sensor channel switching steps: After the main control minimum system identifies the current sitting posture, it outputs the corresponding address code to the single-pole multi-throw multiplexer at the posture sensing front end. The multiplexer connects the corresponding pressure acquisition, posture detection or distance detection channel according to the address code, and disconnects unused channels to ensure the relevance of signal acquisition and low power consumption.

[0040] As an optional embodiment, the posture sensing front end includes N sensor units, and each of the N sensor units is individually configured with a positive feedback bootstrap circuit at its front end.

[0041] The positive feedback bootstrap circuit includes a precision operational amplifier, resistors R1 and R2, and capacitor C2. Resistors R1 and R2 form a series negative feedback and a parallel negative feedback network, and capacitor C2 is connected to the circuit to introduce positive feedback.

[0042] Based on the virtual short and virtual open characteristics of the op-amp, UN=UP=Ui and IN=IP=0 are satisfied. The input current Ii is equal to the current IR1 in resistor R1. The relationship is Ii=IR1=(UP-UN) / R1. The equivalent input resistance Re=Ui / Ii=UiR1 / (UP-UN).

[0043] The address code input port of the single-pole four-throw multiplexer is connected to the main control minimum system. By receiving the address code, it controls the connection and disconnection of N sensor units and three types of channels: pressure acquisition, attitude detection, and distance detection.

[0044] It should be noted that the positive feedback bootstrap circuit operates as follows: ① The sensor unit captures the posture sensing signal (voltage signal Ui) and transmits it to the input of the precision operational amplifier; ② Resistors R1 and R2 form a series negative feedback and a parallel negative feedback network to stabilize the output amplitude of the operational amplifier and avoid signal distortion; ③ Capacitor C2 is connected to the circuit to introduce positive feedback, increase the circuit input impedance, and reduce the attenuation of the posture sensing signal during transmission; ④ The operational amplifier performs preliminary amplification of the input posture sensing signal and outputs the conditioned signal to the single-pole multiple-throw multiplexer.

[0045] Multiplexer channel control steps: ① The main control minimum system outputs the corresponding address code (e.g., a 3-bit binary address code) based on the current sitting posture recognition result; ② The address code is input to the address code input port of the single-pole multi-throw multiplexer. The multiplexer decodes the address code to determine the sensor unit and channel to be connected (pressure acquisition, posture detection, or distance detection channel); ③ The target channel is connected, and other channels are disconnected, so that the signal acquired by the selected sensor unit is transmitted to the sitting posture signal conditioning module through the channel, realizing dynamic channel switching;

[0046] It should also be noted that the calculation steps, including the derivation of the equivalent input resistance Re, are as follows:

[0047] Given conditions: Based on the virtual short (UN=UP) and virtual open (IN=IP=0) characteristics of the op-amp, the input signal Ui=UP=UN, and the input current Ii=IR1 (IR1 is the current in resistor R1).

[0048] Current relationship calculation: The current IR1 of resistor R1 is IR1 = (UP - UN) / R1. Since UN = UP, we can get IR1 = (Ui - Ui) / R1 = 0 (theoretical ideal state).

[0049] Derivation of equivalent input resistance Re: The equivalent input resistance is defined as Re=Ui / Ii. Combining Ii=IR1, and substituting into the expression of IR1, we can get Re=Ui / [(UP-UN) / R1]=UiR1 / (UP-UN).

[0050] Ideal state simplification: In an ideal situation, the virtual short characteristic of the op-amp is fully valid (UN=UP), the denominator (UP-UN) tends to 0, so Re tends to infinity. At this time, the attenuation of the posture sensing signal transmission approaches 0. In practical applications, considering the non-ideal characteristics of the op-amp, the denominator is taken as a small value (such as 10^-6V), and Re can reach more than 10^8Ω, which meets the requirements of high impedance and low attenuation signal acquisition.

[0051] As an optional embodiment, the sitting posture signal conditioning module includes an instrumentation amplifier, a positive feedback active double-T notch filter, a second-order low-pass filter, an adder, and a right leg drive circuit connected in sequence. A low-noise ADC is configured at the end of the module. The two input terminals of the instrumentation amplifier are connected to the pressure acquisition and posture detection channels of the sitting posture sensing front end. The anti-interference capability is enhanced by differential amplification. The positive feedback active double-T notch filter specifically suppresses power frequency interference. The upper cutoff frequency of the second-order low-pass filter is adapted to the core frequency range of the sitting posture sensing signal.

[0052] The right leg drive circuit is connected to the reference terminal of the instrumentation amplifier to form a common-mode rejection circuit, which is linked with the front-end positive feedback bootstrap circuit to reduce signal transmission attenuation and noise interference, so that the conditioned sitting posture sensing signal is highly consistent with the actual sitting posture state and controlled at a preset low level and within a preset range; the sampling rate of the ADC is adapted to the characteristics of the sitting posture sensing signal, and the output terminal is connected to the main control minimum system to meet the signal acquisition requirements.

[0053] It should be noted that the entire process of posture signal conditioning is as follows: ① The pressure acquisition and posture detection channels of the posture sensing front end output differential signals, which are then connected to the two input terminals of the instrumentation amplifier; ② The instrumentation amplifier differentially amplifies the differential signals (the amplification factor is preset to 100-1000 times, dynamically adjusted according to the signal amplitude) to enhance anti-interference capability; ③ The amplified signal is input to a positive feedback active dual-T notch filter to specifically suppress 50Hz power frequency interference (the main source of interference in e-sports scenarios); ④ The notch-filtered signal is input to a second-order low-pass filter to filter out high-order harmonics, mechanical interference, and environmental electromagnetic noise; ⑤ The adder performs amplitude calibration on the filtered signal to compensate for amplitude attenuation during signal transmission; ⑥ The common-mode rejection circuit is linked with the reference terminal of the instrumentation amplifier to form a common-mode rejection loop to further suppress common-mode interference; ⑦ The low-noise ADC discretizes the conditioned signal, converts it into a digital signal, and then transmits it to the main control minimum system.

[0054] Filtering coordination steps: The positive feedback active dual-T notch filter and the second-order low-pass filter work together. The notch filter first filters out power frequency interference, and the low-pass filter then filters out noise higher than the core frequency of the posture sensing signal. The parameters of both are calibrated synchronously to avoid signal distortion or noise omission during the filtering process.

[0055] (Calculation of filtering parameters and sampling rate)

[0056] Calculation of the upper cutoff frequency of the second-order low-pass filter: The core frequency range of the posture sensing signal is 0.1-10Hz. The upper cutoff frequency fc needs to cover this range and avoid signal attenuation. The calculation formula is: fc=1 / (2π√(RC)), where R is the filter resistor (value is 10kΩ) and C is the filter capacitor (value is 1.6μF). Substituting into the calculation: fc=1 / (2×3.14×√(10×10^3×1.6×10^-6))≈10Hz, which matches the core frequency range of the posture sensing signal.

[0057] ADC sampling rate calculation: According to the Nyquist sampling theorem, the sampling rate fs must be greater than twice the highest frequency of the signal, i.e., fs≥2fc; given that fc=10Hz, fs is set to 20Hz (to reserve redundancy and avoid sampling distortion) to ensure that the signal sampled by the ADC can completely reproduce the real sitting posture perception signal.

[0058] Common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) calculation: The formula for calculating the common-mode rejection ratio is CMRR = 20lg(Ad / Acm), where Ad is the differential gain of the instrumentation amplifier (taken as 1000 times), and Acm is the common-mode gain (taken as 0.1 times). Substituting into the formula: CMRR = 20lg(1000 / 0.1) = 20lg(10000) = 80dB, ensuring effective common-mode interference suppression and reducing signal interference.

[0059] As an optional embodiment, the inertial attitude detection unit includes an attitude detection chip, an external inductor, and a signal processing unit. The attitude detection chip has a built-in high-precision oscillator, and the sensor unit is directly connected to the input channel of the chip, forming a detection circuit with the system reference ground. The external inductor is connected to the input channel of the chip to form an LC resonant circuit. When the human body's sitting posture changes, the contact area and angle between the body and the sensor unit change, causing a change in the detection signal, which in turn causes a shift in the resonant frequency, resulting in a frequency change.

[0060] The chip captures the frequency change through an internal counter, and after conversion by the on-chip ADC and filtering and calibration by the signal processing unit, it back-calculates the sitting posture parameters and transmits them to the main control minimum system through the communication interface. The main control minimum system identifies the current sitting posture based on the sitting posture parameters, outputs an address code to control the multiplexer of the sitting posture sensing front end, and dynamically adjusts the sensor combination of the pressure acquisition and posture detection channels to solve the problem of signal quality degradation or loss when the existing fixed sensor configuration changes sitting posture, and completes adaptive optimization of sitting posture sensing signal acquisition under different sitting postures.

[0061] It should be noted that detailed supplementary steps are required;

[0062] Inertial attitude detection steps: ① The high-precision oscillator built into the attitude detection chip is activated, driving the LC resonant circuit composed of external inductors to generate stable oscillations. The oscillation frequency f0 is preset to 1MHz. ② When the human body's sitting posture changes, the contact area and angle between the body and the sensor unit change, resulting in a change in the equivalent impedance of the sensor unit, which in turn causes a shift in the resonant frequency of the LC resonant circuit, generating a frequency change Δf. ③ The chip's internal counter captures the frequency change Δf and converts it into a digital signal via the on-chip ADC. ④ The signal processing unit uses low-pass filtering and temperature drift calibration algorithms to eliminate the influence of ambient temperature and electromagnetic interference on the signal, and reverse-engineers the sitting posture parameters (backrest tilt angle θ, torso offset angle α). ⑤ The attitude detection chip transmits the sitting posture parameters to the main control minimum system through the communication interface (I2C).

[0063] Sensor combination adaptive adjustment steps: ① The main control minimum system receives the sitting posture status parameters and identifies the current sitting posture (forward leaning for exercise, backward leaning for rest, side leaning, etc.); ② Based on the identification result, it outputs the corresponding address code to the multiplexer; ③ The multiplexer dynamically adjusts the sensor combination of the pressure acquisition and posture detection channels according to the address code (e.g., when leaning forward for exercise, the sensors on the front of the seat cushion and the upper part of the backrest are activated; when leaning backward for rest, the sensors on the back of the seat cushion and the lower part of the backrest are activated); ④ After the adjustment is completed, the sensor array re-acquires the sitting posture signal to ensure signal quality and complete the adaptive optimization.

[0064] Calculation of the natural frequency of the LC resonant circuit: The natural frequency of the LC resonant circuit is f0 = 1 / (2π√(LC)), where L is the external inductance (value is 100μH) and C is the circuit capacitance (value is 2.5nF); Substituting into the calculation: f0 = 1 / (2×3.14×√(100×10^-6×2.5×10^-9))≈1MHz, which is the initial oscillation frequency.

[0065] Calculation of the correspondence between frequency change Δf and sitting posture parameters: Assume that the chair back tilt angle θ and frequency change Δf satisfy a linear relationship Δf=kθ, where k is a proportionality coefficient (calibrated to 0.1kHz / °); if Δf=0.5kHz is detected, then θ=Δf / k=0.5 / 0.1=5°, that is, the chair back tilt angle is 5° (forward tilt state); similarly, the relationship between the torso offset angle α and Δf is Δf=mα (m=0.08kHz / °), and the value of α can be deduced from Δf.

[0066] Sensor group matching judgment calculation: Set the sitting posture offset threshold θ0=15° (forward / backward critical value). When θ<θ0, it is determined to be a stable competitive sitting posture, and the core sensor group is activated; when θ≥θ0, it is determined to be a resting sitting posture, and the auxiliary sensor group is switched to ensure signal acquisition quality.

[0067] As an optional embodiment, the sensor array consists of a linear array of multiple low-noise thin-film pressure sensors and infrared ranging sensors. The layout is designed based on the contact area between the human body and the gaming chair, and the sensors are embedded in the seat cushion, backrest, armrests and headrest of the gaming chair to form a directional acquisition range.

[0068] The sensors are encapsulated in a waterproof and dustproof manner, with breathable materials covering their surfaces. Their parameters are adapted to the low-power consumption requirements of e-sports scenarios. All sensors aggregate signals to the posture signal conditioning module via shielded cables. The array layout and sensor performance work together to enhance the directional acquisition capability of posture signals, suppress environmental interference noises such as the operation of e-sports equipment and human activities, and ensure that the posture signal is not lost when the user switches between different postures such as leaning forward to compete, leaning back to rest, or leaning to the side. This meets the requirements for seamless use in e-sports scenarios and covers the wireless usage requirements of e-sports scenarios.

[0069] It should be noted that the sensor array acquisition steps are as follows: ① The sensor array (thin-film pressure sensor and infrared distance sensor) is embedded in the core areas of the gaming chair, such as the seat cushion and backrest, and enters a low-power acquisition state after startup; ② The thin-film pressure sensor acquires the pressure distribution signal (voltage signal, range 0-5V) of the seat cushion and backrest, and the infrared distance sensor acquires the distance signal (range 0.1-1m) of the shoulder height and leg position; ③ All sensors aggregate the signals through shielded cables, and the outer layer of the shielded cables is grounded to reduce electromagnetic interference; ④ After the signals are aggregated, they are transmitted to the posture signal conditioning module to complete the signal preprocessing.

[0070] 2. Interference Suppression Steps: ① The sensor adopts a waterproof and dustproof encapsulation. The breathable material on the surface does not affect signal penetration and avoids the influence of dust and sweat on sensor parameters; ② The shielded cable adopts a twisted pair shielding structure, and the shielding layer is grounded to suppress electromagnetic interference generated by gaming equipment (host, monitor); ③ The array layout of the sensor array is coordinated with the sensor performance. Through the principle of spatial filtering, it suppresses environmental noise generated by human activities and equipment operation, and ensures directional signal acquisition.

[0071] Sensor power consumption matching calculation: The low power consumption requirement for e-sports scenarios is a system static power consumption of ≤50mW and a single sensor power consumption of ≤5mW. The selected thin-film pressure sensor has a power consumption of 3mW, the infrared ranging sensor has a power consumption of 4mW, and the array has a total of 10 sensors (6 pressure sensors and 4 ranging sensors). The total power consumption = 6×3 + 4×4 = 18 + 16 = 34mW ≤ 50mW, which meets the low power consumption requirement.

[0072] Interference attenuation calculation for shielded cable: The interference attenuation of the shielded cable is A = 20lg(Ui / Uo), where Ui is the interference input voltage (take 1V) and Uo is the interference output voltage (take 0.01V); Substitute into the calculation: A = 20lg(1 / 0.01) = 40dB, to ensure that the interference signal is attenuated to a range that does not affect the acquisition of the sitting posture signal (interference signal amplitude ≤ 1% of the sitting posture signal amplitude).

[0073] Sensor acquisition range calculation: The infrared ranging sensor has an acquisition range of 0.1-1m, and the shoulder height acquisition range is adapted to users with a height of 1.5-1.9m. The acquisition threshold is set to 0.3-0.8m (corresponding to a shoulder height of 1.5-1.9m) to ensure that the shoulder height signal of users of different heights can be effectively acquired.

[0074] As an optional embodiment, the sitting posture signal conditioning module includes a preamplifier circuit, a second-order active bandpass filter circuit, an automatic gain control circuit, and an ADC connected in sequence. The module is provided with a grounded shielding layer. The preamplifier circuit is composed of a low-noise operational amplifier, and the amplification factor is adaptively adjusted based on the amplitude characteristics of the sitting posture signal to make the weak sitting posture signal conform to the amplitude range required by subsequent processing and adapt to the amplitude range of subsequent processing.

[0075] The passband frequency of the second-order active bandpass filter circuit is adapted to the core frequency band of the sitting posture, accurately retaining the effective signal and filtering out power frequency interference and high-frequency noise; the automatic gain control circuit is linked with the sensor array acquisition characteristics to dynamically adjust the gain to adapt to the signal strength under different sitting postures, avoiding signal saturation or excessively low amplitude; the sampling rate of the ADC is adapted to the characteristics of the sitting posture signal, converting the analog signal into a digital signal and transmitting it to the main control minimum system to complete the high-fidelity digitization of the sitting posture signal.

[0076] It should be noted that the posture signal conditioning process involves the following steps: ① The preamplifier circuit receives the weak posture signal (amplitude 0.1-10mV) collected by the sensor array and amplifies it through a low-noise operational amplifier. The amplification factor is adaptively adjusted according to the signal amplitude (1000 times for amplitude 0.1-1mV; 100 times for amplitude 1-10mV); ② The amplified signal is input to a second-order active bandpass filter circuit to filter out power frequency interference (50Hz) and high-frequency noise (10Hz), retaining the core posture sensing signal; ③ The automatic gain control circuit detects the signal strength in real time. When the signal amplitude is >5V, the gain is reduced; when the signal amplitude is <0.5V, the gain is increased to avoid signal saturation or excessively low amplitude; ④ The ADC samples and quantizes the conditioned signal, converts it into a 16-bit digital signal, and transmits it to the main control minimum system.

[0077] Anti-interference enhancement steps: The grounding shielding layer outside the module is linked with the shielding cable of the sensor array, with a grounding resistance of ≤1Ω, forming a double shielding loop to suppress electromagnetic interference; at the same time, the automatic gain control circuit and the second-order active bandpass filter circuit work together to dynamically adjust parameters to ensure stable signal strength under different sitting postures.

[0078] Preamplifier circuit amplification calculation: Let the amplification factor be A, the input signal amplitude be Ui, and the output signal amplitude be Uo, satisfying Uo=A×Ui; the required signal amplitude after conditioning is 0.1-5V. When Ui=0.1mV, A=0.1V / 0.1mV=1000 times; when Ui=10mV, A=0.5V / 10mV=50 times (in practice, 50-1000 times is used for adaptive adjustment).

[0079] Parameter calculation for a second-order active bandpass filter circuit: The bandpass frequency range is 0.1-10Hz, and the center frequency f0=√(f1×f2), where f1 is the lower cutoff frequency (0.1Hz) and f2 is the upper cutoff frequency (10Hz); Substituting into the calculation: f0=√(0.1×10)=1Hz; Quality factor Q=f0 / (f2-f1)=1 / (10-0.1)≈0.1, ensuring a smooth filter curve and no signal distortion.

[0080] Automatic gain control circuit gain adjustment calculation: Set signal amplitude thresholds Umax=5V and Umin=0.5V. The relationship between gain G and signal amplitude Ui is G=Uref / Ui (Uref is the reference amplitude of 1V). When Ui=0.2V, G=1 / 0.2=5 times; when Ui=6V, G=1 / 6≈0.17 times, realizing adaptive gain adjustment.

[0081] As an optional embodiment, the main control minimum system adopts a high-performance core microcontroller chip, is configured with a serial flash memory chip, and has a built-in high-precision timer and DMA controller.

[0082] A high-precision timer works in conjunction with a DMA controller to synchronously acquire and transmit posture sensing signals and posture state parameters at high speed, ensuring the timing consistency of multiple types of data. The microcontroller chip has built-in digital signal analysis, posture recognition and adaptive adjustment algorithms. Based on the posture sensing signals, it calculates indicators such as posture offset and pressure distribution center of gravity, and outputs posture identifiers in combination with posture state parameters. It also extracts features such as posture type and posture angle from the posture signals.

[0083] The serial flash memory chip's storage capacity is adapted to the user's posture habits and long-term local backtracking needs for adjustment parameters. The stored content includes raw signals and analysis results, avoiding data loss due to unexpected power outages. The wireless communication module uses a low-power Bluetooth chip with a built-in antenna matching circuit to communicate with the microcontroller chip. It uses an encrypted transmission protocol to complete the wireless data transmission to the terminal device or cloud platform. The transmission distance is adapted to the wireless coverage requirements of e-sports scenarios, and it also supports remote parameter configuration and linkage with e-sports devices. The drive execution module is connected to the microcontroller chip, receives adjustment commands issued by the main controller, and drives the electric push rod and stepper motor to complete functions such as lumbar support height adjustment, headrest adjustment, armrest movement, and backrest tilt adjustment of the e-sports chair.

[0084] It should be noted that the minimum system coordination steps of the main control are as follows: ① A high-precision timer is set to acquire the trigger timing (period 100ms). The DMA controller is responsible for the high-speed transmission of the posture sensing signal and posture status parameters, without the need for microcontroller core intervention, ensuring data timing consistency; ② The microcontroller chip has a built-in algorithm program to analyze the received digital signal, extract features such as posture type and posture angle, and calculate indicators such as posture offset and pressure distribution center of gravity; ③ Based on the indicators, the posture identifier is output (such as "forward-leaning competitive posture" and "backward-leaning resting posture"), and corresponding adjustment instructions (address code + adjustment parameters) are generated; ④ The adjustment instructions are transmitted to the drive execution module, and the posture data and adjustment parameters are stored in the serial flash memory chip and transmitted to the terminal device through the wireless communication module.

[0085] Wireless transmission and drive adjustment steps: ① The wireless communication module uses a low-power Bluetooth chip and an AES encrypted transmission protocol to wirelessly transmit data to the terminal device or cloud platform, with a transmission distance covering e-sports scenarios (within 10m); ② The drive execution module receives adjustment commands, and the electric push rod and stepper motor operate according to the commands to complete actions such as lumbar support lifting (lifting range 0-10cm), headrest adjustment (front and back adjustment 0-5cm), armrest movement (left and right adjustment 0-8cm), and backrest tilt adjustment (0-120°); ③ After adjustment, the drive execution module feeds back the execution status signal to the main control minimum system to complete one adaptive adjustment cycle.

[0086] Synchronous acquisition timing calculation: The high-precision timer period T=100ms, that is, the acquisition frequency fs=1 / T=10Hz, which matches the ADC sampling rate (20Hz) to ensure that every 2 ADC sampling data corresponds to 1 main control data processing; DMA transfer rate V=data volume / transfer time, a single data is 16 bits (2 bytes), 10 sensor data are acquired each time, and the transmission time is ≤10ms, so V=20 bytes / 10ms=2000 bytes / second, which meets the high-speed transmission requirements.

[0087] Serial flash memory chip storage capacity calculation: The user's sitting posture habits and adjustment parameters require storage of 1000 sets of data per day, with each set of data being 100 bytes. The required capacity for long-term storage (365 days) is 1000 × 100 × 365 = 36,500,000 bytes ≈ 35MB. A 64MB serial flash memory chip is selected to meet the long-term local backtracking requirements.

[0088] Wireless transmission distance calculation: The formula for calculating the transmission distance of a low-power Bluetooth chip is d=10^((Ptx-Prx-L-Gtx-Grx) / 20), where Ptx is the transmit power (0dBm), Prx is the receive sensitivity (-80dBm), L is the path loss (2dB), and Gtx and Grx are the antenna gain (0dB). Substituting into the calculation: d=10^((0-(-80)-2-0-0) / 20)=10^(78 / 20)=10^3.9≈7943m. In actual e-sports scenarios, stable transmission within 10m is required, with sufficient redundancy reserved.

[0089] As an optional embodiment, the power management module includes a power conversion circuit, a power protection circuit, a low-power control unit, and a low-battery detection circuit.

[0090] The power conversion circuit uses a DC-DC converter, with input voltage adaptable to both DC power supply and lithium battery power supply modes. The output voltage is stable and matches the operating voltage of each module, with low output ripple to ensure the stability of weak posture signal acquisition. The power protection circuit integrates overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection functions to prevent circuit malfunctions from damaging components, while also protecting the motor of the drive module from damage. The low-power control unit is connected to the power management interface of the main control minimum system, dynamically adjusting power consumption according to the operating status of each module. During periods of no signal acquisition or adjustment intervals, it controls non-core modules such as the posture signal conditioning module and sensor array to enter standby mode, reducing system static power consumption and preventing power module overheating from interfering with the user experience.

[0091] The low battery detection circuit is connected to the lithium battery power supply circuit, with a preset threshold. It sends a low battery reminder through a wireless communication module. The dual power supply mode is suitable for both fixed e-sports scenarios and portable mobile scenarios.

[0092] It should be noted that the dual-mode power supply switching steps are as follows: ① After the power management module is powered on, it automatically detects the power supply mode. If a DC power supply (220V to 12V) is connected, it switches to DC power supply mode, and the DC-DC converter converts the 12V voltage to the operating voltage of each module; ② If no DC power supply is connected, it automatically switches to lithium battery power supply mode, and the lithium battery (12V / 5000mAh) powers each module; ③ The low battery detection circuit monitors the lithium battery voltage in real time. When the voltage drops to a preset threshold, it sends a low battery reminder through the wireless communication module, and at the same time controls non-core modules to enter standby mode to extend battery life.

[0093] Low-power control steps: ① The main control minimum system monitors the working status of each module in real time. When there is no signal acquisition or adjustment action (lasting for more than 10 seconds), a standby command is sent to the low-power control unit; ② The low-power control unit controls the posture signal conditioning module and sensor array to enter standby mode to reduce static power consumption; ③ When the sensor detects the human posture signal (or receives a remote wake-up command), the low-power control unit controls each module to wake up and restore normal working status.

[0094] Power protection steps: The power protection circuit monitors the output voltage and current in real time. When the output voltage is >15V (overvoltage), the output current is >5A (overcurrent), or the circuit is short-circuited, the power supply circuit is automatically cut off to avoid damage to the components. After the fault is cleared, the power supply is automatically restored.

[0095] DC-DC converter parameter calculation: Input voltage range is 10-24V (12V DC power supply, 12V lithium battery), and output voltage must be the operating voltage of each module (3.3V, 5V); conversion efficiency η = output power / input power, requiring η ≥ 85%; assuming output power Pout = 10W, then input power Pin = Pout / η = 10 / 0.85 ≈ 11.76W, ensuring that the conversion efficiency meets the low power consumption requirements.

[0096] Low power consumption calculation: During normal operation, the system power consumption is 34mW (sensor array) + 10mW (sitting signal conditioning module) + 5mW (main control minimum system) + 3mW (wireless communication module) = 52mW; in standby mode, the power consumption of non-core modules drops to below 1mW, and the total system power consumption is ≤5mW, achieving low power consumption control.

[0097] Low battery threshold calculation: The rated voltage of the lithium battery is 12V, and the discharge termination voltage is 10.8V (to avoid over-discharge and damage to the battery). Therefore, the preset low battery threshold is 11V. When the lithium battery voltage drops to 11V, the low battery detection circuit triggers an alert. At this time, the remaining lithium battery capacity is ≈(11-10.8) / (12-10.8)×100%≈16.7%, leaving enough battery life for the user to switch power supply modes.

[0098] As an optional embodiment, the second-order low-pass filter of the sitting posture signal conditioning module and its own second-order active band-pass filter circuit adopt a collaborative noise reduction design. The filter parameters are synchronously calibrated by the main control minimum system to avoid cross-interference during the processing of the two types of signals.

[0099] For scenarios with strong electromagnetic interference, when the main control minimum system detects an increase in the intensity of environmental electromagnetic interference, it synchronously triggers the notch filter of the posture signal conditioning module to enhance the interference suppression strength, and the grounding shielding layer of the sensor array to enhance the electromagnetic isolation effect. Through the collaboration of multiple modules, the system's anti-interference capability is improved, ensuring the signal acquisition quality in complex e-sports environments.

[0100] It should be noted that the collaborative noise reduction steps are as follows: ① The main control minimum system calibrates the parameters of the second-order low-pass filter and the second-order active band-pass filter circuit in real time, and sets the synchronous update period of the filter parameters to 1 second; ② When a frequency offset of the posture sensing signal is detected, the cutoff frequencies of the two types of filters are adjusted synchronously to ensure that the filter curve matches the signal characteristics and avoids cross-interference; ③ After the filter parameters are calibrated, the main control minimum system feeds back the calibration results to the posture signal conditioning module to ensure that the conditioned signal is distortion-free.

[0101] Electromagnetic interference response steps: ① The main control minimum system detects the ambient electromagnetic interference intensity (unit: dBμV / m) through sensors and sets the interference intensity threshold to 50dBμV / m; ② When the detected interference intensity > 50dBμV / m, a control command is sent to the posture signal conditioning module to enhance the interference suppression intensity of the notch filter (common mode rejection ratio increased to 100dB); ③ Simultaneously, the grounding shielding layer of the control sensor array is strengthened to enhance the electromagnetic isolation effect, and the grounding resistance is reduced to below 0.5Ω; ④ Multiple modules work together until the interference intensity ≤ 50dBμV / m, and normal parameters are restored.

[0102] Electromagnetic interference intensity calculation: Interference intensity E=20lg(U / 1μV), where U is the interference signal voltage (unit: μV); when U=316μV is detected, E=20lg(316 / 1)=50dBμV / m, reaching the interference threshold and triggering anti-interference action.

[0103] Filter parameter calibration calculation: Assume the frequency offset of the posture sensing signal is Δf = 1Hz, the upper limit cutoff frequency of the original second-order low-pass filter is fc = 10Hz, and after calibration, fc = 10 + Δf = 11Hz; the center frequency of the second-order active bandpass filter circuit is f0 = 1Hz, and after calibration, f0 = 1 + Δf / 10 = 1.1Hz, to ensure that the filter parameters match the signal frequency and avoid cross-interference.

[0104] Common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) adjustment calculation: Before interference suppression, CMRR = 80dB; after adjustment, CMRR = 100dB. The interference suppression capability improvement factor is 10^((100-80) / 20) = 10 times, ensuring that electromagnetic interference is effectively suppressed.

[0105] As an optional embodiment, the microcontroller chip dynamically adjusts the acquisition frequency of the posture sensing signal and the adjustment precision of the drive execution module based on the posture identifier and posture offset index. When it is detected that the user is in a stable competitive sitting posture and the physiological posture is stable, the acquisition frequency and adjustment precision of the posture sensing signal are reduced to save power consumption. When it is detected that the user frequently changes posture or the sitting posture is abnormally offset, the acquisition frequency and extraction precision are automatically increased to ensure that no abnormal sitting posture signals are missed.

[0106] Targeting special users such as long-term e-sports users and users of different heights and body types, the system enhances the ability to collect and process weak sitting posture signals and irregular sitting posture changes through the coordinated adaptation of algorithms and hardware parameters. This achieves a dynamic balance between monitoring accuracy and power consumption, adapting to the e-sports usage needs of different groups of people.

[0107] It should be noted that;

[0108] Dynamic adjustment steps for acquisition frequency and adjustment accuracy: ① The microcontroller chip receives the sitting posture identifier and sitting posture offset index in real time to determine the user's sitting posture status; ② When the user is identified as having a stable competitive sitting posture (sitting posture offset ≤3°, lasting more than 5s) and stable physiological posture, the acquisition frequency of the sitting posture sensing signal is reduced (from 10Hz to 5Hz), and the adjustment accuracy of the drive execution module is reduced (adjustment error allowed ≤0.5cm / °) to save power consumption; ③ When the user is identified as frequently changing posture (sitting posture offset ≥1° within 1s, lasting more than 3 times) or having abnormal sitting posture offset (offset ≥10°), the acquisition frequency is increased (from 10Hz to 20Hz), and the adjustment accuracy is improved (adjustment error ≤0.2cm / °) to ensure that no abnormal signals are missed; ④ For long-term e-sports users and users of different heights and body types, the algorithm parameters and hardware parameters are adjusted to enhance the acquisition and processing capabilities of weak sitting posture signals and irregular sitting posture changes.

[0109] Steps for balancing monitoring accuracy and power consumption: ① The microcontroller chip calculates the system power consumption and monitoring accuracy in real time, setting the power consumption threshold to 50mW and the accuracy threshold to 0.2cm / °; ② When the power consumption > 50mW and the accuracy ≥ 0.2cm / °, the acquisition frequency and adjustment accuracy are appropriately reduced; ③ When the accuracy < 0.2cm / ° and the power consumption ≤ 50mW, the acquisition frequency and adjustment accuracy are appropriately increased to achieve dynamic balance.

[0110] Calculation of sampling frequency adjustment: Set the stable sitting posture judgment threshold Δθ≤3° (sitting posture offset), and the duration t≥5s; when Δθ=2° and t=6s, the sampling frequency fs decreases from 10Hz to 5Hz, and the power consumption reduction ratio = (10-5) / 10×100%=50%; when Δθ=12° (abnormal offset), the sampling frequency fs increases from 10Hz to 20Hz, and the accuracy improvement ratio = (0.5-0.2) / 0.5×100%=60%.

[0111] Adjustment accuracy calculation: The adjustment accuracy of the drive execution module δ = |actual adjustment amount - theoretical adjustment amount| / theoretical adjustment amount × 100%; it is required that δ ≤ 2.5% when the sitting posture is stable (e.g., theoretical adjustment of lumbar support is 5cm, actual adjustment is 4.875-5.125cm), and δ ≤ 1% when the sitting posture is abnormal (e.g., theoretical adjustment of lumbar support is 5cm, actual adjustment is 4.95-5.05cm) to ensure that the adjustment accuracy meets the requirements.

[0112] Accuracy and power consumption balance calculation: Assume the relationship between the sampling frequency fs and the power consumption P is P = k × fs (k = 5mW / Hz), and the relationship between the accuracy δ and fs is δ = m / fs (m = 20 × 10^-2 cm·Hz / °). When fs = 10Hz, P = 5 × 10 = 50mW, δ = 0.2 / 10 = 0.02cm / °, reaching a balance state; when fs = 5Hz, P = 25mW, δ = 0.04cm / °, meeting the requirements for stable sitting posture; when fs = 20Hz, P = 100mW, δ = 0.01cm / °, meeting the requirements for abnormal sitting posture.

[0113] Detailed implementation of each module

[0114] (a) Implementation of posture sensing front end

[0115] Hardware Configuration: The front end consists of N sensor units, a positive feedback bootstrap circuit, and a single-pole multi-throw multiplexer. Each sensor unit has an independent positive feedback bootstrap circuit. The positive feedback bootstrap circuit uses a precision operational amplifier as its core, paired with resistors R1 and R2 and capacitor C2. Resistors R1 and R2 form a series negative feedback and a parallel negative feedback network. Capacitor C2 is connected across the output and input of the operational amplifier to introduce positive feedback and increase the input impedance. The signal input of the single-pole multi-throw multiplexer is connected to the output of the positive feedback bootstrap circuit of each sensor unit. The address code input port is connected to the I / O port of the main control minimum system. The outputs correspond to three channels: pressure acquisition, attitude detection, and distance detection, respectively, enabling selective connection of the sensor unit and the channel.

[0116] Working Principle: Based on the virtual short and virtual open characteristics of the operational amplifier, the circuit satisfies UN=UP=Ui, IN=IP=0, and the input current Ii is equal to the current IR1 in resistor R1, i.e., Ii=IR1=(UP-UN) / R1, and the equivalent input resistance Re=Ui / Ii=UiR1 / (UP-UN). Ideally, UN=UP, and the input resistance Re approaches infinity, significantly reducing the attenuation of the posture sensing signal during transmission and ensuring signal fidelity during non-intrusive data acquisition. The main control minimum system controls the channel switching of the single-pole multi-throw multiplexer through the output address code, completing the dynamic scheduling of N sensor units and three types of channels: pressure acquisition, posture detection, and distance detection, providing hardware support for subsequent adaptive posture adjustment.

[0117] Scene-adaptive design: In e-sports scenarios where the human body frequently turns over and changes sitting posture, the sensor unit layout covers core areas such as the e-sports chair seat cushion, backrest, and armrests, ensuring that the sensor unit makes effective contact with the human body in postures such as leaning forward, leaning back, and leaning to the side; the channel switching response speed of the multiplexer is linked with the posture recognition speed of the inertial posture detection unit to ensure that the optimal sensor combination is quickly switched after the sitting posture changes, avoiding signal interruption or quality degradation.

[0118] (II) Implementation of the Posture Signal Conditioning Module

[0119] Hardware configuration: The module adopts a multi-stage operational amplifier series structure, including an instrumentation amplifier, a positive feedback active double-T notch filter, a second-order low-pass filter, an adder, and a common-mode rejection circuit, with a low-noise ADC at the end. The two inputs of the instrumentation amplifier are connected to the pressure acquisition and posture detection channel outputs of the posture sensing front end, respectively, and the output is connected to the input of the positive feedback active double-T notch filter; the output of the notch filter is connected to the second-order low-pass filter, followed by the adder and ADC in series; the input of the common-mode rejection circuit is connected to the output of the adder, and the output is connected to the reference terminal of the instrumentation amplifier, forming a common-mode rejection loop; the digital signal output of the ADC is connected to the main control minimum system.

[0120] Signal processing flow:

[0121] Differential Amplification: The instrumentation amplifier amplifies the differential signals input from the pressure acquisition and attitude detection channels to enhance anti-interference capabilities, while adjusting the signal amplitude to a range suitable for subsequent processing.

[0122] Noise suppression: The positive feedback active dual-T notch filter specifically suppresses power frequency interference, and the upper cutoff frequency of the second-order low-pass filter is adapted to the core frequency range of the posture sensing signal, filtering out high-order harmonics, mechanical interference and environmental electromagnetic noise.

[0123] Amplitude adjustment and anti-interference enhancement: The adder calibrates the amplitude of the filtered signal, and the common-mode rejection circuit is linked with the instrumentation amplifier to improve the system's common-mode rejection ratio and reduce the impact of common-mode interference on signal quality;

[0124] Discretization: The low-noise ADC converts the analog signal into a digital signal according to a sampling rate adapted to the characteristics of the posture sensing signal, and transmits it to the main control minimum system for subsequent analysis.

[0125] Innovative linkage design: The conditioning module and the positive feedback bootstrap circuit of the posture sensing front end are linked. The high input impedance of the front end reduces signal attenuation, and the multi-level anti-interference processing of the back end suppresses noise. Together, they ensure that the conditioned posture sensing signal is highly consistent with the actual posture state, controlled at a preset low level and within a preset range, meeting the accuracy requirements of posture analysis and adaptive adjustment.

[0126] (III) Implementation of the Inertial Attitude Detection Unit

[0127] Hardware configuration: The module consists of an attitude detection chip, an external inductor, a signal processing unit, and a grounding shielding ring. The attitude detection chip has a built-in high-precision oscillator and an on-chip ADC. The sensor unit is directly connected to the chip's input channel, forming a detection loop with the system reference ground. The external inductor is connected to the chip's input channel, forming an LC resonant circuit. A grounding shielding ring is set around the sensor unit to reduce electromagnetic interference and parasitic capacitance effects. The chip's internal counter is connected to the oscillator, the on-chip ADC is connected to the counter, the signal processing unit is connected to the on-chip ADC, and the chip's I2C communication interface is connected to the main control minimum system.

[0128] Working principle implementation:

[0129] Posture perception: A high-precision oscillator drives an LC resonant circuit to generate stable oscillations. When the human body's sitting posture changes, the contact area and angle between the body and the sensor unit change, resulting in a change in the detection signal, which in turn causes the resonant frequency of the LC circuit to shift, generating a frequency change.

[0130] Signal conversion and calibration: The internal counter of the chip captures the frequency change, which is converted into a digital signal by the on-chip ADC. The signal processing unit eliminates the influence of environmental noise and temperature drift through the filtering and calibration algorithm, and then reverses to obtain the accurate value of the sitting posture parameters.

[0131] Data transmission and linkage: The chip transmits the sitting posture parameters to the main control minimum system through the I2C interface. The main control minimum system identifies the current sleeping posture based on the sitting posture parameters, outputs the corresponding address code to control the multiplexer of the sitting posture sensing front end, and dynamically adjusts the sensor combination of the pressure acquisition and posture detection channels to complete the adaptive optimization of sitting posture sensing signal acquisition under different sitting postures.

[0132] Scene Adaptation Design: To address the shortcomings of existing fixed sensors that cannot adapt to changes in sitting posture, the module accurately captures changes in sitting posture through posture perception. Combined with the dynamic channel switching of the multiplexer, it ensures that the optimal sensor combination is always available for posture perception signal acquisition when the user is turning over, leaning forward / backward / sideways, or switching in e-sports scenarios, thus avoiding signal loss or quality degradation.

[0133] (iv) Sensor array implementation

[0134] Hardware configuration: The array consists of a linear layout of multiple low-noise thin-film pressure sensors and infrared ranging sensors, embedded in the gaming chair's seat cushion, backrest, armrests, and headrest, forming a directional acquisition range covering the area where the human body contacts the gaming chair. The sensors are waterproof and dustproof encapsulated, with breathable materials covering the surface, ensuring signal penetration while meeting the requirements for seamless use and wireless operation in gaming scenarios. All sensors aggregate signals to the posture signal conditioning module via shielded cables, avoiding electromagnetic interference during transmission. The array layout uses an equidistant design, optimizing the sensor installation position and number based on the area of ​​contact between the human body and the gaming chair, enhancing the directional acquisition capability of posture signals.

[0135] Performance-adaptive design: The selected sensor parameters are adapted to the e-sports monitoring scenario, and the low power consumption characteristics meet the requirements of long-term continuous operation. At the same time, it has a high signal-to-noise ratio and a high sampling rate to ensure the effective capture of weak sitting posture signals. The array layout and sensor performance work together to suppress environmental interference noise such as the operation of e-sports equipment and human activities, ensuring that the sitting posture signal is not lost when the user switches between different sleeping positions, and complete the acquisition of sitting posture signals under non-intrusive monitoring.

[0136] (v) Implementation of the sitting posture signal conditioning module

[0137] Hardware configuration: The module adopts a multi-stage series circuit structure, including a preamplifier circuit, a second-order active bandpass filter circuit, an automatic gain control circuit, and an ADC in sequence. An external grounding shield is provided on the module. The preamplifier circuit consists of a low-noise operational amplifier, with its input connected to the signal aggregation terminal of the sensor array; its output is connected to the second-order active bandpass filter circuit, followed by the automatic gain control circuit and the ADC in series; the digital signal output of the ADC is connected to the main control minimum system.

[0138] Signal processing flow:

[0139] Weak signal amplification: The preamplifier circuit adaptively adjusts the amplification factor based on the amplitude characteristics of the sitting posture signal, so that the weak sitting posture signal meets the amplitude range required by subsequent processing and is adapted to the amplitude range of subsequent processing, avoiding feature loss caused by excessively low signal amplitude.

[0140] Frequency band selection: The passband frequency of the second-order active bandpass filter circuit is adapted to the core frequency band of the sitting posture, accurately retaining the effective signal while filtering out power frequency interference and high-frequency noise;

[0141] Gain adaptive adjustment: The automatic gain control circuit is linked with the acquisition characteristics of the sensor array to dynamically adjust the gain to adapt to the signal strength under different sitting postures, so as to avoid signal saturation or excessively low amplitude.

[0142] Discretization: The ADC converts the analog signal into a digital signal according to the sampling rate adapted to the characteristics of the sitting posture signal, and transmits it to the main control minimum system for feature extraction.

[0143] Anti-interference design: The grounding shielding layer on the outside of the module works in conjunction with the shielding cable of the sensor array to suppress electromagnetic interference in two ways, ensuring high-fidelity digitization of the posture signal in complex e-sports environments.

[0144] (vi) Implementation of the main control minimum system, wireless communication module, and drive execution module

[0145] Hardware Configuration: The main control minimum system uses a high-performance microcontroller chip with a serial flash memory chip, and incorporates a high-precision timer and DMA controller. The microcontroller chip's I / O ports are connected to the ADC of the posture signal conditioning module, the I2C interface of the inertial attitude detection unit, and the ADC of the posture signal conditioning module, respectively. The serial flash memory chip is connected to the microcontroller chip to store raw signals and analysis results. The high-precision timer and DMA controller work together to complete the synchronous acquisition and high-speed transmission of multiple types of data. The wireless communication module uses a low-power Bluetooth chip with a built-in antenna matching circuit, communicating with the microcontroller chip to support wireless data transmission and remote parameter configuration. The drive execution module consists of multiple sets of electric push rods and stepper motors, connected to the microcontroller chip, receiving main control commands to complete the adjustment of various mechanisms of the gaming chair.

[0146] Working principle implementation:

[0147] Synchronous acquisition and transmission: A high-precision timer sets the acquisition trigger timing, and the DMA controller is responsible for high-speed data transmission without the need for microcontroller core intervention, ensuring the synchronous acquisition and timing consistency of posture sensing signals and posture status parameters;

[0148] Data processing and analysis: The microcontroller chip has built-in digital signal analysis, posture recognition and adaptive adjustment algorithms. Based on the posture perception signal, it calculates indicators such as posture offset and pressure distribution center of gravity, and outputs posture identification by combining posture state parameters. It also extracts features such as posture type and posture angle through posture signals.

[0149] Adjustment command issuance: The main control minimum system generates adaptive adjustment commands based on the analysis results and sends them to the drive execution module to control the operation of electric push rods and stepper motors to complete the precise adjustment of the gaming chair's lumbar support, headrest, and other mechanisms;

[0150] Data storage and transmission: The serial flash memory chip's storage capacity is adapted to the user's posture habits and the long-term local backtracking needs of adjustment parameters. The stored content includes raw signals and analysis results, avoiding data loss due to unexpected power outages. The wireless communication module adopts an encrypted transmission protocol to wirelessly transmit monitoring data to terminal devices or cloud platforms. The transmission distance is adapted to the wireless coverage requirements of e-sports scenarios, and it also supports remote parameter configuration and linkage with e-sports devices.

[0151] (vii) Implementation of power management module

[0152] Hardware Structure Configuration: The module consists of a power conversion circuit, a power protection circuit, a low-power control unit, and a low-battery detection circuit. The power conversion circuit uses a DC-DC converter, with the input end adaptable to both DC power supply and lithium battery power supply modes, and the output end providing a stable voltage for each module; the power protection circuit is connected to the output end of the power conversion circuit, integrating overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection functions; the low-power control unit is connected to the power management interface of the main control minimum system; the low-battery detection circuit is connected to the lithium battery power supply circuit and also to the wireless communication module.

[0153] Working principle implementation:

[0154] Stable power supply: The power conversion circuit stably converts the input voltage into a voltage value suitable for the operation of each module, and the output ripple is at a low level, ensuring the stability of weak signal acquisition such as sitting posture and attitude.

[0155] Power consumption control: The low power consumption control unit dynamically adjusts the power consumption according to the working status of each module. During periods of no signal acquisition or adjustment, it controls non-core working modules such as the posture signal conditioning module and sensor array to enter standby mode, thereby reducing the static power consumption of the system and preventing the power module from overheating and interfering with the user experience.

[0156] Protection and Reminder: The power protection circuit automatically cuts off the power supply when the input voltage is abnormal or the circuit is short-circuited to avoid damage to the components and protect the motor of the drive module; the low battery detection circuit monitors the lithium battery voltage in real time, and sends a low battery reminder through the wireless communication module when the voltage drops to the adaptation threshold.

[0157] Scene adaptation: Dual power supply mode is adapted to fixed e-sports scenarios (DC power supply) and portable mobile scenarios (lithium battery power supply) to meet different usage needs.

[0158] III. System Collaborative Operation Process

[0159] Initialization Phase: After the system is powered on, each module completes self-test and parameter initialization. The posture sensing front-end calibrates the connection status of the sensor unit and the multiplexer; the posture signal conditioning module loads anti-interference parameters; the inertial attitude detection unit calibrates the attitude reference value; the sensor array and posture conditioning module complete signal path self-test; the main control minimum system starts the timer and DMA controller, and configures storage and communication parameters; the drive execution module completes reset and is in a ready state; the power management module switches to the adaptive power supply mode, outputs a stable voltage, and each module enters the ready state.

[0160] Data collection and conditioning phase:

[0161] Posture signal acquisition: The sensor unit at the front end of the posture sensing point captures the posture sensing signal without being touched. After the attenuation is reduced by the positive feedback bootstrap circuit, the pressure acquisition and posture detection channels are selected by the multiplexer and transmitted to the posture signal conditioning module. After differential amplification, noise suppression and amplitude adjustment, the conditioning module converts the signal into a digital signal by the ADC and transmits it to the main control minimum system.

[0162] The embodiments described herein have been described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosed teachings. Other embodiments may be used and derived therefrom, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting, and the scope of the various embodiments is defined only by the appended claims and the full scope of their equivalents.

Claims

1. A smart adaptive adjustment system for a gaming chair based on posture perception, characterized in that, It includes a posture sensing front end, a posture signal conditioning module, an inertial attitude detection unit, a sensor array, a posture signal conditioning module, a main control minimum system, a drive execution module, a wireless communication module, and a power management module; The posture sensing front end consists of a positive feedback bootstrap circuit and a single-pole multi-throw multiplexer, which is used to increase the input impedance to reduce the attenuation of the posture sensing signal transmission and to complete the selective switching of the sensor unit with three types of channels: pressure acquisition, posture detection, and distance detection. The posture signal conditioning module adopts a multi-stage operational amplifier structure to perform differential amplification, noise suppression, amplitude adjustment and discretization processing on the posture sensing signal, thereby improving the signal anti-interference capability and acquisition accuracy; the inertial attitude detection unit adopts a high-precision IMU sensor solution to complete the acquisition of posture state-related signals by capturing the chair back tilt angle and changes in human torso posture. The sensor array consists of multiple low-noise thin-film pressure sensors and infrared ranging sensors, used to collect signals related to seat pressure distribution, shoulder height, leg position and sitting posture in e-sports scenarios, covering the core area of ​​contact between the human body and the e-sports chair. The posture signal conditioning module is used to amplify, filter, control the gain, and digitize weak posture sensing signals to suppress environmental and mechanical interference in e-sports scenarios. The main control minimum system is the core control unit, responsible for the synchronous acquisition, processing, algorithm operation, and command issuance of data from multiple modules. The configuration storage unit is used for local storage of user sitting habits and adjustment parameters. The wireless communication module is used to complete the wireless transmission of monitoring data, remote parameter configuration, and linkage with gaming equipment. The drive execution module consists of multiple sets of electric push rods and stepper motors, used to receive main control commands and complete the adaptive adjustment of the gaming chair's lumbar support, headrest, armrests, backrest, and other mechanisms. The power management module supports dual-mode power supply, provides stable voltage to each module, and integrates protection circuits and low-power control units to ensure long-term stable operation of the system.

2. The intelligent adaptive adjustment system for a gaming chair based on posture perception as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The posture sensing front end includes N sensor units, and each of the N sensor units is individually configured with a positive feedback bootstrap circuit. The positive feedback bootstrap circuit includes a precision operational amplifier, resistors R1 and R2, and capacitor C2. Resistors R1 and R2 form a series negative feedback and a parallel negative feedback network, and capacitor C2 is connected to the circuit to introduce positive feedback. Based on the virtual short and virtual open characteristics of the op-amp, UN=UP=Ui and IN=IP=0 are satisfied. The input current Ii is equal to the current IR1 in resistor R1. The relationship is Ii=IR1=(UP-UN) / R1. The equivalent input resistance Re=Ui / Ii=UiR1 / (UP-UN). The address code input port of the single-pole four-throw multiplexer is connected to the main control minimum system. By receiving the address code, it controls the connection and disconnection of N sensor units and three types of channels: pressure acquisition, attitude detection, and distance detection.

3. The intelligent adaptive adjustment system for a gaming chair based on posture perception as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The posture signal conditioning module includes an instrumentation amplifier, a positive feedback active double-T notch filter, a second-order low-pass filter, an adder, and a right leg drive circuit, which are connected in sequence. A low-noise ADC is configured at the end of the module. The two input terminals of the instrumentation amplifier are connected to the pressure acquisition and posture detection channels of the posture sensing front end. The anti-interference capability is enhanced by differential amplification. The positive feedback active double-T notch filter specifically suppresses power frequency interference. The upper cutoff frequency of the second-order low-pass filter is adapted to the core frequency range of the posture sensing signal. The right leg drive circuit is connected to the reference terminal of the instrumentation amplifier to form a common-mode rejection circuit, which is linked with the front-end positive feedback bootstrap circuit to reduce signal transmission attenuation and noise interference, so that the conditioned sitting posture sensing signal is highly consistent with the actual sitting posture state and controlled at a preset low level and within a preset range; the sampling rate of the ADC is adapted to the characteristics of the sitting posture sensing signal, and the output terminal is connected to the main control minimum system to meet the signal acquisition requirements.

4. The intelligent adaptive adjustment system for a gaming chair based on posture perception as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inertial attitude detection unit includes an attitude detection chip, an external inductor, and a signal processing unit. The attitude detection chip has a built-in high-precision oscillator, and the sensor unit is directly connected to the input channel of the chip, forming a detection circuit with the system reference ground. The external inductor is connected to the input channel of the chip to form an LC resonant circuit. When the human body's sitting posture changes, the contact area and angle between the body and the sensor unit change, causing a change in the detection signal, which in turn causes the resonant frequency to shift and generate a frequency change. The chip captures the frequency change through an internal counter, and after conversion by the on-chip ADC and filtering and calibration by the signal processing unit, it back-calculates the sitting posture parameters and transmits them to the main control minimum system through the communication interface. The main control minimum system identifies the current sitting posture based on the sitting posture parameters, outputs an address code to control the multiplexer of the sitting posture sensing front end, and dynamically adjusts the sensor combination of the pressure acquisition and posture detection channels to solve the problem of signal quality degradation or loss when the existing fixed sensor configuration changes sitting posture, and completes adaptive optimization of sitting posture sensing signal acquisition under different sitting postures.

5. The intelligent adaptive adjustment system for a gaming chair based on posture perception as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The sensor array consists of a linear array of multiple low-noise thin-film pressure sensors and infrared ranging sensors. The layout is designed based on the contact area between the human body and the gaming chair. The sensors are embedded in the seat cushion, backrest, armrests and headrest of the gaming chair to form a directional acquisition range. The sensors are encapsulated in a waterproof and dustproof manner, with breathable materials covering their surfaces. Their parameters are adapted to the low-power consumption requirements of e-sports scenarios. All sensors aggregate signals to the posture signal conditioning module via shielded cables. The array layout and sensor performance work together to enhance the directional acquisition capability of posture signals, suppress environmental interference noises such as the operation of e-sports equipment and human activities, and ensure that the posture signal is not lost when the user switches between different postures such as leaning forward to compete, leaning back to rest, or leaning to the side. This meets the requirements for seamless use in e-sports scenarios and covers the wireless usage requirements of e-sports scenarios.

6. The intelligent adaptive adjustment system for a gaming chair based on posture perception as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The sitting posture signal conditioning module includes a preamplifier circuit, a second-order active bandpass filter circuit, an automatic gain control circuit, and an ADC connected in sequence. The module is provided with a grounded shielding layer. The preamplifier circuit is composed of a low-noise operational amplifier. The amplification factor is adaptively adjusted based on the amplitude characteristics of the sitting posture signal to make the weak sitting posture signal conform to the amplitude range required by subsequent processing and adapt to the amplitude range of subsequent processing. The passband frequency of the second-order active bandpass filter circuit is adapted to the core frequency band of the sitting posture, accurately retaining the effective signal and filtering out power frequency interference and high-frequency noise; the automatic gain control circuit is linked with the sensor array acquisition characteristics to dynamically adjust the gain to adapt to the signal strength under different sitting postures, avoiding signal saturation or excessively low amplitude; the sampling rate of the ADC is adapted to the characteristics of the sitting posture signal, converting the analog signal into a digital signal and transmitting it to the main control minimum system to complete the high-fidelity digitization of the sitting posture signal.

7. The intelligent adaptive adjustment system for a gaming chair based on posture perception as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The main control minimum system uses a high-performance core microcontroller chip, is configured with a serial flash memory chip, and has a built-in high-precision timer and DMA controller. A high-precision timer works in conjunction with a DMA controller to synchronously acquire and transmit posture sensing signals and posture state parameters at high speed, ensuring the timing consistency of multiple types of data. The microcontroller chip has built-in digital signal analysis, posture recognition and adaptive adjustment algorithms. Based on the posture sensing signals, it calculates indicators such as posture offset and pressure distribution center of gravity, and outputs posture identifiers in combination with posture state parameters. It also extracts features such as posture type and posture angle from the posture signals. The storage capacity of the serial flash memory chip is adapted to the user's sitting posture habits and the long-term local backtracking needs of adjustment parameters. The stored content includes the original signal and analysis results, avoiding data loss due to accidental power failure. The wireless communication module uses a low-power Bluetooth chip with a built-in antenna matching circuit. It communicates with the microcontroller chip and uses an encrypted transmission protocol to wirelessly transmit data to the terminal device or cloud platform. The transmission distance is adapted to the wireless coverage requirements of e-sports scenarios, and it also supports remote parameter configuration and linkage with e-sports equipment. The drive execution module is connected to the microcontroller chip, receives adjustment commands from the main controller, and drives the electric push rod and stepper motor to complete functions such as lumbar support height adjustment, headrest adjustment, armrest movement, and backrest tilt adjustment of the e-sports chair.

8. The intelligent adaptive adjustment system for a gaming chair based on posture perception as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The power management module includes a power conversion circuit, a power protection circuit, a low-power control unit, and a low-battery detection circuit. The power conversion circuit uses a DC-DC converter, with input voltage adaptable to both DC power supply and lithium battery power supply modes. The output voltage is stable and matches the operating voltage of each module, with low output ripple to ensure the stability of weak posture signal acquisition. The power protection circuit integrates overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection functions to prevent circuit malfunctions from damaging components, while also protecting the motor of the drive module from damage. The low-power control unit is connected to the power management interface of the main control minimum system, dynamically adjusting power consumption according to the operating status of each module. During periods of no signal acquisition or adjustment intervals, it controls non-core modules such as the posture signal conditioning module and sensor array to enter standby mode, reducing system static power consumption and preventing power module overheating from interfering with the user experience. The low battery detection circuit is connected to the lithium battery power supply circuit, with a preset threshold. It sends a low battery reminder through a wireless communication module. The dual power supply mode is suitable for both fixed e-sports scenarios and portable mobile scenarios.

9. The intelligent adaptive adjustment system for a gaming chair based on posture perception as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The second-order low-pass filter of the sitting posture signal conditioning module and its own second-order active band-pass filter circuit adopt a collaborative noise reduction design. The filter parameters are synchronously calibrated by the main control minimum system to avoid cross-interference during the processing of the two types of signals. For scenarios with strong electromagnetic interference, when the main control minimum system detects an increase in the intensity of environmental electromagnetic interference, it synchronously triggers the notch filter of the posture signal conditioning module to enhance the interference suppression strength, and the grounding shielding layer of the sensor array to enhance the electromagnetic isolation effect. Through the collaboration of multiple modules, the system's anti-interference capability is improved, ensuring the signal acquisition quality in complex e-sports environments.

10. The intelligent adaptive adjustment system for a gaming chair based on posture perception as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The microcontroller chip dynamically adjusts the acquisition frequency of the posture sensing signal and the adjustment precision of the drive execution module based on the posture identifier and posture offset index. When it detects that the user is in a stable competitive posture and the physiological posture is stable, it reduces the acquisition frequency and adjustment precision of the posture sensing signal to save power. When it detects that the user frequently changes posture or that the posture is abnormally offset, it automatically increases the acquisition frequency and extraction precision to ensure that no abnormal posture signals are missed.

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