A tail gas treatment tank for preparing a cyanophenyl product

Abstract

The application discloses a tail gas treatment box for preparing benzonitrile products and relates to the technical field of tail gas treatment. The tail gas treatment box comprises a treatment box body, a spraying mechanism is fixed on the side of the treatment box body, and a filter screen is fixed in the treatment box body. The tail gas treatment box for preparing benzonitrile products is provided with a switching mechanism. According to the dynamic change of tail gas flow and flow rate, the switching mechanism realizes the automatic switching of the treatment mode by relying on the centrifugal force principle, does not need manual regulation and control and does not need additional electric control driving, is energy-saving and efficient, under the condition of low flow and low concentration tail gas of the kettle body heat preservation, the tail gas directly enters the alkaline liquor spraying purification process through the straight-flow pipe, the treatment path is shortened, the equipment energy consumption is reduced, and the treatment efficiency under the low load condition is improved; under the condition of high flow and high concentration tail gas of the production discharge, the condensation and spraying combined purification mode is automatically switched, the tail gas treatment scene of high pollution load is adapted, and the use requirement under different conditions is better met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of exhaust gas treatment technology, specifically to an exhaust gas treatment box made from benzonitrile products. Background Technology

[0002] As an important fine chemical intermediate, benzonitrile is widely used in the fields of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes and polymer synthesis. In the industrial preparation of benzonitrile products, process tail gas is continuously generated under different working conditions such as reactor insulation and production discharge. The tail gas has a complex composition, mainly containing condensable benzene-based organic compounds, gaseous highly toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and dust and solid impurities. If directly emitted, it will not only cause serious air pollution, but also cause ecological damage. At the same time, the condensable benzene-based organic compounds contained in the tail gas have recycling value, and direct emission will also waste chemical raw materials and increase the production cost of enterprises. Currently available equipment for treating tail gas from benzonitrile production has a single structure and function, and generally suffers from many technical defects. 1. The tail gas flow rate and pollutant concentration vary greatly under different production conditions in benzonitrile preparation. During the kettle insulation stage, the tail gas flow rate is small and the pollutant content is low, while during the discharge production stage, the tail gas flow rate is large and the concentration of benzene series organic compounds and highly toxic HCN increases significantly. Existing tail gas treatment equipment cannot automatically switch treatment modes according to the tail gas conditions and mostly adopts a single spray alkaline washing purification process. For high-concentration tail gas, simple alkaline spray purification is difficult to completely remove high-concentration heavy benzene series organic compounds, and the tail gas purification does not meet the standards. On the other hand, using a complete set of complex purification processes for low-flow and low-concentration tail gas will result in waste of equipment energy, low treatment efficiency, and inability to adapt to the treatment needs of different chemical conditions. 2. Traditional equipment lacks a targeted condensation and recovery structure, making it impossible to condense and recover heavy benzene-based organic compounds in the exhaust gas. Valuable chemical raw materials are directly discharged with the exhaust gas, resulting in low resource utilization. At the same time, high concentrations of benzene-based organic compounds will increase the alkali purification load, easily leading to rapid alkali deterioration, increasing the cost of reagent replacement and exhaust gas treatment, and making it difficult to meet actual production needs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tail gas treatment box for the preparation of benzonitrile products, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a tail gas treatment box for the preparation of benzonitrile products, comprising a treatment box body, a spraying mechanism fixed on the side of the treatment box body, a filter screen fixed inside the treatment box body, and a cleaning mechanism fixed inside the treatment box body. The cleaning mechanism is used to clean the filter screen and collect solids. A switching mechanism is also fixed inside the treatment box body and is located above the cleaning mechanism. The switching mechanism is used to automatically switch, sort, and purify tail gas of different flow rates.

[0005] Preferably, an air inlet pipe is fixed to the side of the treatment box body, and an air outlet pipe is fixed to the upper end of the treatment box body. A drain valve pipe and an inlet valve pipe are installed at the alkali storage position on the lower side of the treatment box body. At the same time, an inclined plate is also fixed inside the treatment box body. The inclined plate is located above the switching mechanism. Through the function of the drain valve pipe and the inlet valve pipe, the injection and discharge of alkali can be conveniently realized, thereby providing a basic guarantee for the normal operation of the device.

[0006] Preferably, the spraying mechanism includes a water pump for drawing alkaline solution fixed on the outside of the treatment tank body, and the water pump is connected to a distribution pipe fixed inside the treatment tank body through a connecting pipe. Atomizing nozzles are evenly fixed on the distribution pipe, and the atomizing nozzles are located above the inclined plate. Through the above structure, alkaline solution can be transported, thereby providing a basic guarantee for the purification treatment of exhaust gas.

[0007] Preferably, the cleaning mechanism includes a support rod fixed inside the processing box body, and a fixing box is fixed at the upper end of the support rod. A first rotating shaft is connected to the fixing box by a bearing, and an impeller is fixed at one end of the first rotating shaft. The impeller is set inside the air inlet pipe. Through the airflow of the exhaust gas, the impeller and the first rotating shaft can rotate, thereby providing a basic guarantee for the normal operation of the device.

[0008] Preferably, a drive gear is fixed at the other end of the first rotating shaft, and the drive gear meshes with the driven gear for transmission. The driven gear is fixed on the second rotating shaft, and the second rotating shaft is connected to the fixed box and the filter screen by bearings. The drive gear is driven to rotate by the first rotating shaft, and the meshing transmission between the drive gear and the driven gear can provide a basic force for the rotation of the second rotating shaft, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the device.

[0009] Preferably, a first scraper is fixed on the second rotating shaft, and the first scraper slides in contact with the filter screen. A guide trough plate is fixed on the second rotating shaft on the lower side of the first scraper. The guide trough plate and the first scraper are distributed in a one-to-one correspondence. The second rotating shaft can drive the first scraper to rotate, and the first scraper can clean the filter screen, ensuring that the filter screen can filter the exhaust gas normally. The guide trough plate can collect the cleaned impurities, preventing impurities from falling directly into the alkaline solution and causing pipeline blockage.

[0010] Preferably, the discharge port of the guide trough is located inside the collection trough fixed inside the processing box body, and a second scraper is also fixed on the guide trough. The second scraper and the collection trough are slidably connected. At the same time, the collection trough is detachably connected to the collection bucket through a guide tube. The collection bucket is located outside the processing box body. Through the action of the guide trough and the collection trough, the impurities cleaned on the filter screen can be collected. With the action of the second scraper, the collected impurities can be easily collected into the collection bucket.

[0011] Preferably, the switching mechanism includes a hollow disk fixed on a second rotating shaft, with a sliding rod slidably connected to the hollow disk at equal angles. A first spring is fixed between the sliding rod and the hollow disk. A counterweight ball is also fixed to the sliding rod, and the counterweight ball is slidably connected to an inclined ring. A guide rod is fixed to the inclined ring at equal angles, and the guide rod is fixed to a sealing baffle. The guide rod is also slidably connected to a lower partition. The lower partition is fixed inside the processing box. The second rotating shaft drives the hollow disk and the counterweight ball to rotate. Combined with centrifugal force, the counterweight ball can move. The sliding action between the sliding rod and the hollow disk ensures the stability of the counterweight ball's movement. The sliding action between the counterweight ball and the inclined ring provides a basic force for the movement of the inclined ring. The sliding action between the guide rod and the lower partition ensures the stability of the inclined ring's movement.

[0012] Preferably, the lower partition is connected to the upper partition via a DC pipe, and the upper partition is fixed inside the treatment box body. The DC pipe, lower partition, upper partition, and treatment box body form a cooling box, which is connected to the inlet and outlet water pipes installed on the treatment box body. The lower partition is also uniformly fixed with condenser pipes, which are interconnected with the gas gathering groove opened in the upper partition. The gas gathering groove is connected to the DC pipe via a one-way gas outlet valve. The DC pipe is located directly above the sealing baffle. The above structure forms two sets of purification paths with different paths to adapt to the purification treatment requirements of exhaust gas under different flow rates.

[0013] Preferably, a sloped partition plate is fixed to the lower side of the lower partition plate, and the partition plate, the lower partition plate, and the processing box body constitute a storage box. The storage box is connected to the discharge valve pipe installed on the processing box body. A bracket is fixed at an equal angle on the partition plate, and a cylinder is fixed on the bracket. The cylinder and the crossbar are slidably connected. A second spring is fixed between the crossbar and the cylinder. A sealing plug is fixed on the crossbar, and the sealing plug cooperates with the opening on the partition plate to achieve a sealing effect. Through the above structure, a basic guarantee can be provided for the automatic switching of two sets of purification paths, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the device and better meeting the actual use needs.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The tail gas treatment box for the preparation of this benzonitrile product is equipped with a switching mechanism. It can automatically switch the treatment mode according to the dynamic changes in tail gas flow rate and velocity, based on the principle of centrifugal force. It does not require manual control or additional electrical control drive, and is energy-saving and efficient. Under the condition of low flow and low concentration tail gas with the vessel body kept warm, the tail gas directly enters the alkaline spray purification process through the DC pipe, shortening the treatment path, reducing equipment energy consumption, and improving the treatment efficiency under low load conditions. Under the condition of high flow and high concentration tail gas from the production discharge, it automatically switches to a condensation and spray composite purification mode, which is suitable for tail gas treatment scenarios with high pollution loads and better meets the usage needs under different conditions. 2. The tail gas treatment box prepared from this benzonitrile product is equipped with a cleaning mechanism. The impeller is driven by the tail gas flow to rotate, and the scraper is automatically rotated through the gear transmission system. It can scrape and clean the dust and solid debris adhering to the filter screen surface in real time from all directions without manual shutdown for cleaning. This completely solves the problems of easy clogging of traditional filters and obstruction of tail gas flow. At the same time, with the linkage structure of the guide plate, collection plate and collection bucket, it can automatically complete the guiding and transportation of impurities and centralized collection, realize the automated cleaning and collection of solid residue, significantly reduce the cost of manual operation and maintenance, ensure the continuous and stable operation of the tail gas treatment process, and meet the needs of continuous industrial production. 3. The tail gas treatment box prepared from this benzonitrile product, through a switching mechanism linked to the condensation structure, can first condense and liquefy the heavy benzene-based organic compounds in the tail gas during high-concentration tail gas treatment. The liquefied benzene-based organic compounds automatically fall into the storage tank for collection and subsequent recycling, effectively avoiding the resource waste caused by the direct emission of benzene-based organic raw materials in traditional processes, improving raw material utilization, and reducing production losses for enterprises. At the same time, the early removal of high-concentration heavy organic compounds significantly reduces the purification load of subsequent alkaline spraying, slows down the alkaline solution deterioration rate, reduces the frequency of alkaline solution replacement, and effectively reduces the cost of tail gas treatment consumables and operation and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a frontal three-dimensional structural diagram of the overall composition of the device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a frontal cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the overall composition of the device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a frontal three-dimensional structural diagram of the spray mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a frontal cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the cleaning mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a frontal cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the cleaning mechanism and switching mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a frontal cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the hollow disc of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the cylindrical cross-section of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Processing tank body; 101. Air inlet pipe; 102. Air outlet pipe; 103. Drain valve pipe; 104. Liquid inlet valve pipe; 105. Inclined plate; 2. Spraying mechanism; 201. Water pump; 202. Connecting pipe; 203. Diverter pipe; 204. Atomizing nozzle; 3. Filter screen; 4. Cleaning mechanism; 401. Support rod; 402. Fixing box; 403. First rotating shaft; 404. Impeller; 405. Drive gear; 406. Driven gear; 407. Second rotating shaft; 408. First scraper; 409. Guide trough plate; 410. Second scraper; 41 1. Collection trough plate; 4. Collection bucket; 5. Inlet pipe; 6. Outlet pipe; 7. Discharge valve pipe; 8. Switching mechanism; 801. Hollow disc; 802. Slide rod; 803. First spring; 804. Counterweight ball; 805. Inclined ring; 806. Guide rod; 807. Sealing baffle; 808. Lower partition plate; 809. Straight pipe; 810. Upper partition plate; 811. Condensate pipe; 812. Gas collection trough; 813. One-way gas outlet valve; 814. Divider plate; 815. Support; 816. Cylinder; 817. Crossbar; 818. Sealing plug; 819. Second spring. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please see Figures 1-7The present invention provides a technical solution: a tail gas treatment box for the preparation of benzonitrile products, including a treatment box body 1, a spraying mechanism 2 fixed on the side of the treatment box body 1, a filter screen 3 fixed inside the treatment box body 1, and a cleaning mechanism 4 fixed inside the treatment box body 1. The cleaning mechanism 4 is used to clean the filter screen 3 and collect solids. A switching mechanism 8 is also fixed inside the treatment box body 1, and the switching mechanism 8 is located above the cleaning mechanism 4. The switching mechanism 8 is used to automatically switch, sort and purify tail gas with different flow rates.

[0019] An air inlet pipe 101 is fixed to the side of the treatment box body 1, and an air outlet pipe 102 is fixed to the upper end of the treatment box body 1. A drain valve pipe 103 and an inlet valve pipe 104 are installed at the alkaline storage position on the lower side of the treatment box body 1. At the same time, an inclined plate 105 is fixed inside the treatment box body 1, and the inclined plate 105 is located above the switching mechanism 8. The spraying mechanism 2 includes a water pump 201 fixed to the outside of the treatment box body 1 for drawing alkaline solution. The water pump 201 is connected to the diversion pipe 203 fixed inside the treatment box body 1 through a connecting pipe 202. Atomizing nozzles 204 are evenly fixed on the diversion pipe 203, and the atomizing nozzles 204 are located above the inclined plate 105. When using a tail gas treatment box made from this benzonitrile product, such as Figures 1-7 As shown, the exhaust gas generated during the preparation of benzonitrile products is first sent into the treatment chamber 1 through the inlet pipe 101 by an external variable frequency fan. With the filtration effect of the filter screen 3, the solid particles in the exhaust gas can be filtered. The filtered exhaust gas moves upward through the switching mechanism 8. At this time, the water pump 201 is started simultaneously. The water pump 201 can transport the alkaline solution stored on the lower side of the treatment chamber 1 to the diversion pipe 203 through the connecting pipe 202 and spray it out through the atomizing nozzle 204. The alkaline solution sprayed through the atomizing nozzle 204 can purify the exhaust gas. The treated exhaust gas is discharged outward through the outlet pipe 102, thereby achieving the purification treatment of the exhaust gas from the preparation of benzonitrile products. The cleaning mechanism 4 includes a support rod 401 fixed inside the treatment box body 1, and a fixing box 402 fixed to the upper end of the support rod 401. A first rotating shaft 403 is connected to the fixing box 402 by a bearing. An impeller 404 is fixed to one end of the first rotating shaft 403 and is disposed inside the air inlet pipe 101. A drive gear 405 is fixed to the other end of the first rotating shaft 403, and the drive gear 405 meshes with a driven gear 406. The driven gear 406 is fixed to a second rotating shaft 407, and the second rotating shaft 407 is connected to the fixing box 402 and the filter screen 3 by a bearing. A first rotating shaft 403 is fixed to the second rotating shaft 407. There is a first scraper 408, which slides in contact with the filter screen 3. A guide trough 409 fixed on the second rotating shaft 407 is provided on the lower side of the first scraper 408. The guide trough 409 and the first scraper 408 are distributed in a one-to-one correspondence. The outlet of the guide trough 409 is located in the collection trough 411 fixed in the processing box body 1. A second scraper 410 is also fixed on the guide trough 409. The second scraper 410 is slidably connected to the collection trough 411. The collection trough 411 is detachably connected to the collection bucket 412 through a guide tube. The collection bucket 412 is located on the outside of the processing box body 1. During the operation of the device, such as Figures 1-7 As shown, when exhaust gas enters the treatment chamber 1 through the intake pipe 101, the exhaust gas lifts the impeller 404 and the first rotating shaft 403 to rotate. The first rotating shaft 403 drives the drive gear 405 to rotate. In conjunction with the meshing transmission between the drive gear 405 and the driven gear 406, the second rotating shaft 407 rotates, thereby driving the first scraper 408 to rotate. Through the contact and sliding action between the first scraper 408 and the filter screen 3... It can clean the solid debris adhering to the filter screen 3, and the cleaned debris falls into the guide plate 409. Through the inclined guide and the centrifugal action of the rotation of the guide plate 409, the debris in the guide plate 409 can fall into the collection plate 411. In addition, the guide plate 409 drives the second scraper 410 to rotate. With the sliding action between the second scraper 410 and the collection plate 411, the impurities in the collection plate 411 can be sent into the collection bucket 412 through the conduit for collection for subsequent processing. The switching mechanism 8 includes a hollow disk 801 fixed on a second rotating shaft 407, with a slide rod 802 slidably connected to the hollow disk 801 at equal angles. A first spring 803 is fixed between the slide rod 802 and the hollow disk 801. A counterweight ball 804 is also fixed to the slide rod 802, and the counterweight ball 804 is slidably connected to an inclined ring 805. A guide rod 806 is fixed to the inclined ring 805 at equal angles, and the guide rod 806 is connected to a sealing baffle. 807 are fixed together, and the guide rod 806 is slidably connected to the lower partition 808, which is fixed inside the processing box body 1. The lower partition 808 is connected to the upper partition 810 through a DC pipe 809, and the upper partition 810 is fixed inside the processing box body 1. The DC pipe 809, lower partition 808, upper partition 810, and processing box body 1 form a cooling box, and the cooling box is connected to the inlet pipe 5 and outlet pipe 6 installed on the processing box body 1. The lower partition 808 is further connected to a condenser tube 811 that is evenly fixed on it. The condenser tube 811 communicates with the gas-gathering groove 812 located in the upper partition 810. The gas-gathering groove 812 is connected to the direct current pipe 809 via a one-way exhaust valve 813. The direct current pipe 809 is located directly above the sealing baffle 807. A sloping partition plate 814 is also fixed to the lower side of the lower partition 808. The partition plate 814, the lower partition 808, and the processing box body 1 together form a storage box. Furthermore, the storage box is connected to the discharge valve pipe 7 installed on the processing box body 1. A bracket 815 is fixed at equal angles on the partition plate 814, and a cylinder 816 is fixed on the bracket 815. The cylinder 816 and the crossbar 817 are slidably connected. At the same time, a second spring 819 is fixed between the crossbar 817 and the cylinder 816. A sealing plug 818 is fixed on the crossbar 817, and the sealing plug 818 cooperates with the opening on the partition plate 814 to achieve a sealing effect. During the operation of the device, such as Figures 1-7 As shown, when the preparation of benzonitrile products is in the heat preservation state of the reactor body, less tail gas is generated at this time, and the content of tail gas components (condensable benzene organic compounds, gaseous highly toxic HCN, dust impurities) is less. At this time, the external variable frequency fan operates at low power, that is, the flow rate of tail gas entering the treatment box body 1 through the air inlet pipe 101 is low. At this time, under the action of airflow, the impeller 404, the first rotating shaft 403 and the second rotating shaft 407 rotate at a low speed. At this time, since the sealing plug 818 seals the opening on the partition plate 814, the tail gas flows directly upward through the DC pipe 809 and contacts the sprayed alkaline solution to achieve the purification treatment of tail gas. When the benzonitrile product preparation is in the production discharge state, the amount of exhaust gas generated is relatively small, and the exhaust gas components (condensable benzene-based organic compounds, highly toxic gaseous HCN, and dust impurities) are relatively high. At this time, the external variable frequency fan operates at high power, meaning the exhaust gas entering the treatment box 1 through the inlet pipe 101 flows at a relatively high velocity. Under the action of the airflow, the impeller 404, the first rotating shaft 403, and the second rotating shaft 407 rotate at a high speed. When the second rotating shaft 407 rotates at high speed, it synchronously drives the hollow disc 801 and the counterweight ball 804 to rotate. Under the centrifugal force of the rotating counterweight ball 804, the counterweight ball 804... The force applied to the hollow disk 801 causes it to move outward. Combined with the sliding guide action between the slide rod 802 and the hollow disk 801, this ensures the stability of the counterweight ball 804's movement. When the counterweight ball 804 moves outward relative to the hollow disk 801, the sliding action between the counterweight ball 804 and the inclined ring 805 causes the inclined ring 805 to move upward relative to the lower partition 808. Combined with the sliding guide action between the guide rod 806 and the lower partition 808, this ensures the stability of the inclined ring 805's movement. When the inclined ring 805 and the guide rod 806 move upward relative to the lower partition 808, they simultaneously drive the sealing baffle 807 upward. When the sealing baffle 807 and... When the lower end of the DC tube 809 is in contact to achieve a seal, the airflow cannot flow directly upward through the DC tube 809. At this time, as the gas pressure below the DC tube 809 increases, the sealing plug 818 is forced to move. Combined with the sliding action between the crossbar 817 and the cylinder 816, the stability of the sealing plug 818's movement is ensured. When the sealing plug 818 separates from the opening on the partition plate 814, releasing the seal, the airflow enters the storage tank through the opening on the partition plate 814, and then enters the condenser tube 811. Together with the inlet pipe 5, outlet pipe 6, and external pump, circulating cooling water is injected into the cooling tank, thereby improving cooling performance. The exhaust gas entering the condenser tube 811 is condensed to effectively remove high concentrations of heavy benzene series gases from the exhaust gas. The condensed heavy benzene series droplets fall automatically into the storage tank under gravity for storage, so that they can be discharged and collected later through the discharge valve tube 7. The condensed gas enters the gas collection tank 812 and enters the direct current tube 809 through the one-way gas outlet valve 813 to contact the alkaline solution sprayed on the upper side to achieve the purification treatment of the exhaust gas. At this time, because the sealing baffle 807 is sealed with the lower end of the direct current tube 809, the sprayed alkaline solution can only flow back into the lower side of the treatment tank body 1 through the one-way liquid outlet valve on the sealing baffle 807 to achieve the recycling of alkaline solution. Based on the above principle, the switching mechanism 8 allows the tail gas to directly contact the alkaline solution quickly through the DC pipe 809 to achieve purification when treating low-flow, low-concentration tail gas. When treating high-flow, high-concentration tail gas, the tail gas is first condensed through the condenser pipe 811 to reduce the content of heavy benzene series gases in the tail gas. This not only allows for the recovery and utilization of heavy benzene series gases but also avoids incomplete treatment of high-concentration gases in the subsequent alkaline solution purification process, which would affect the purification effect of the tail gas and better meet the actual use requirements.

[0020] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0021] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that due to the limitations of textual expression, while there are objectively infinite specific structures, those skilled in the art can make several improvements, modifications, or changes without departing from the principles of the present invention, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner. These improvements, modifications, changes, or combinations, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other situations without modification, should all be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tail gas treatment box for the preparation of benzonitrile products, comprising a treatment box body (1), characterized in that: A spraying mechanism (2) is fixed on the side of the treatment box body (1), a filter screen (3) is fixed inside the treatment box body (1), and a cleaning mechanism (4) is also fixed inside the treatment box body (1). The cleaning mechanism (4) is used to clean the filter screen (3) and collect solids. A switching mechanism (8) is also fixed inside the treatment box body (1), and the switching mechanism (8) is located above the cleaning mechanism (4). The switching mechanism (8) is used to adapt to the automatic switching, sorting and purification of exhaust gases with different flow rates.

2. The tail gas treatment box for the preparation of benzonitrile products according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air inlet pipe (101) is fixed on the side of the processing box body (1), and an air outlet pipe (102) is fixed on the upper end of the processing box body (1). A drain valve pipe (103) and an inlet valve pipe (104) are installed at the alkaline storage position on the lower side of the processing box body (1). At the same time, a sloping plate (105) is also fixed inside the processing box body (1), and the sloping plate (105) is located above the switching mechanism (8).

3. The tail gas treatment box for the preparation of benzonitrile products according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spraying mechanism (2) includes a water pump (201) for drawing alkaline solution fixed on the outside of the treatment tank body (1), and the water pump (201) is connected to the diversion pipe (203) fixed in the treatment tank body (1) through the connecting pipe (202). Atomizing nozzles (204) are evenly fixed on the diversion pipe (203), and the atomizing nozzles (204) are located above the inclined plate (105).

4. The tail gas treatment box for the preparation of benzonitrile products according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism (4) includes a support rod (401) fixed inside the processing box body (1), and a fixing box (402) is fixed at the upper end of the support rod (401). A first rotating shaft (403) is connected to the fixing box (402) by a bearing. At the same time, an impeller (404) is fixed at one end of the first rotating shaft (403). The impeller (404) is located inside the air inlet pipe (101).

5. The tail gas treatment box for the preparation of benzonitrile products according to claim 4, characterized in that: The other end of the first rotating shaft (403) is fixed with a drive gear (405), and the drive gear (405) meshes with the driven gear (406) for transmission. The driven gear (406) is fixed on the second rotating shaft (407), and the second rotating shaft (407) is connected to the fixed box (402) and the filter screen (3) by bearings.

6. The tail gas treatment box for the preparation of benzonitrile products according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first scraper (408) is fixed on the second rotating shaft (407), and the first scraper (408) slides in contact with the filter screen (3). A guide trough plate (409) fixed on the second rotating shaft (407) is provided on the lower side of the first scraper (408), and the guide trough plate (409) and the first scraper (408) are distributed in a one-to-one correspondence.

7. The tail gas treatment box for the preparation of benzonitrile products according to claim 6, characterized in that: The discharge port of the guide trough (409) is located inside the collection trough (411) fixed inside the processing box body (1), and a second scraper (410) is also fixed on the guide trough (409). The second scraper (410) and the collection trough (411) are slidably connected. At the same time, the collection trough (411) is detachably connected to the collection bucket (412) through the guide tube. The collection bucket (412) is located outside the processing box body (1).

8. The tail gas treatment box for the preparation of benzonitrile products according to claim 7, characterized in that: The switching mechanism (8) includes a hollow disk (801) fixed on a second rotating shaft (407), and a sliding rod (802) is slidably connected to the hollow disk (801) at equal angles. A first spring (803) is fixed between the sliding rod (802) and the hollow disk (801). A counterweight ball (804) is also fixed on the sliding rod (802). The counterweight ball (804) is slidably connected to the inclined ring (805). A guide rod (806) is fixed at equal angles on the inclined ring (805). The guide rod (806) is fixed to the sealing baffle (807). The guide rod (806) is slidably connected to the lower partition (808). The lower partition (808) is fixed inside the processing box body (1).

9. The tail gas treatment box for the preparation of benzonitrile products according to claim 8, characterized in that: The lower partition (808) is connected to the upper partition (810) through a DC pipe (809), and the upper partition (810) is fixed inside the processing box body (1). The DC pipe (809), the lower partition (808), the upper partition (810) and the processing box body (1) form a cooling box. The cooling box is connected to the water inlet pipe (5) and the water outlet pipe (6) installed on the processing box body (1). The lower partition (808) is also uniformly fixed with condenser pipes (811), and the condenser pipes (811) are interconnected with the gas gathering groove (812) opened in the upper partition (810). The gas gathering groove (812) is connected to the DC pipe (809) through a one-way gas outlet valve (813). At the same time, the DC pipe (809) is located directly above the sealing baffle (807).

10. The tail gas treatment box for the preparation of benzonitrile products according to claim 9, characterized in that: The lower partition (808) is also fixed with a sloped partition plate (814), and the partition plate (814), the lower partition plate (808) and the processing box body (1) constitute a storage box. The storage box is connected to the discharge valve pipe (7) installed on the processing box body (1). The partition plate (814) is also fixed with a bracket (815) at equal angles, and a cylinder (816) is fixed on the bracket (815). The cylinder (816) and the crossbar (817) are slidably connected. At the same time, a second spring (819) is fixed between the crossbar (817) and the cylinder (816). A sealing plug (818) is fixed on the crossbar (817), and the sealing plug (818) and the opening on the partition plate (814) cooperate to achieve a sealing effect.

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