A multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of mineral processing, and particularly relates to a multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing. The system mainly comprises an outer shell, an inner shell, a support rod, a main shaft, a centralizing disc, a driven cone wheel, a driving shaft, a driving cone wheel, a belt pulley, a dispersion cap, eccentric driving cone components, a fixed cone assembly, a movable grinding component and a fixed grinding disc. The belt pulley, the driving shaft, the driving cone wheel, the driven cone wheel and the main shaft jointly form a power transmission assembly. The upper part of the main shaft is provided with two layers of eccentric driving cone components, which form a first crushing zone and a second crushing zone with corresponding fixed cone assemblies. The lower movable grinding component and the fixed grinding block form a grinding zone, so that the particle size is gradually reduced in a gradient processing manner. The application innovatively adopts a reverse eccentric installation structure of the two layers of eccentric driving cone components. The rotation vibration generated by the two layers of eccentric driving cone components can be offset to each other. Meanwhile, the centralizing disc inside the inner shell limits and centralizes the main shaft in the whole process, so that eccentric shaking of the main shaft is avoided, and the probability of equipment failure and shutdown is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mineral processing technology, and specifically relates to a multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing. Background Technology

[0002] Mineral processing is a fundamental process in industries such as mining, building materials, and metallurgy. Crushing and refining equipment, as the equipment used in mineral processing, is mainly used to crush large mineral ore into aggregate particles of different sizes, providing qualified materials for subsequent processing steps such as screening, grinding, and purification. Among them, cone crushers, with their advantages of large crushing ratio, uniform output, and strong wear resistance, are widely used in medium and fine crushing of hard minerals and are the mainstream equipment for mineral aggregate production and ore refining.

[0003] Currently, conventional cone crushers on the market have a relatively traditional structural design. The equipment mainly relies on the eccentric oscillation of the main shaft to drive the moving cone to squeeze the fixed cone, thereby achieving the crushing operation of minerals. However, there are some shortcomings. First, the crushing action of existing cone crushers depends entirely on the eccentric tilting oscillation of the main shaft. Under long-term operation, this can easily lead to problems such as accelerated wear of drive components, shortening the service life of the drive equipment and increasing the probability of equipment failure and downtime. Second, the crushing structure of existing cone crushers is simple and cannot achieve multi-stage gradient crushing operations. Third, existing cone crushers generally lack supporting dust collection and treatment structures. During the crushing process, the impact, compression, and fragmentation of large minerals will generate a large amount of fine dust, which will be directly dispersed in the production workshop and surrounding environment.

[0004] In view of this, the inventors hope to optimize and improve the existing cone crusher to provide a multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and to provide a multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives and effects, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: This invention provides a multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing, comprising an outer shell, an inner shell, support rods, a main shaft, a centering disc, a driven cone wheel, a drive shaft, a driving cone wheel, a pulley, a dispersing cap, an eccentric moving cone component, a fixed cone assembly, a fixed grinding block, and a moving grinding component. The inner shell is located in the lower part of the inner cavity of the outer shell. The outer side of the inner shell is fixed to the inner wall of the outer shell via several support rods. The main shaft passes through the inner shell. A centering disc and a driven cone wheel located above the centering disc are sleeved and fixed to the lower part of the main shaft. The drive shaft passes through the lower part of the side plate of the outer shell. The inner end of the drive shaft is equipped with a driving cone wheel that meshes with the driven cone wheel, and the outer end of the drive shaft is equipped with a pulley. The centering disc, driven cone wheel, and driving cone wheel are all movable and restricted within the inner shell. A dispersion cap is installed at the top of the main shaft. Two layers of eccentric moving cone components are installed on the upper part of the main shaft via fasteners. Two layers of fixed cone assemblies are installed on the upper part of the side plate of the outer shell. A fixed grinding block is installed on the lower inner wall of the side plate of the outer shell. A support plate is fixed on the outer side of the bottom end of the main shaft. A moving grinding component that mates with the fixed grinding block is installed on the support plate via fasteners.

[0007] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing, the inner shell is provided with a straightening cavity that cooperates with the straightening disc, and a gear moving cavity that facilitates the movement of the driven cone wheel and the driving cone wheel; the outer side of the drive shaft is fitted with a sleeve connecting the outer shell and the inner shell, and the pulley is connected to the power shaft of the external drive device via a transmission belt.

[0008] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing, a first crushing zone is formed between the eccentric moving cone component and the fixed cone component in the upper layer, a second crushing zone is formed between the eccentric moving cone component and the fixed cone component in the lower layer, and a grinding zone is formed between the moving grinding component and the fixed grinding block. The crushed and refined particle size of the first crushing zone, the second crushing zone, and the grinding zone gradually decreases.

[0009] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing, the eccentric moving cone component includes an eccentric moving cone body. The interior of the eccentric moving cone body is provided with a through-shaft channel that cooperates with the main shaft and cavities distributed around the through-shaft channel. Multiple inner support rods are installed circumferentially at the opening of the cavity. Multiple moving cone fastening holes that cooperate with fasteners are opened in the tube between the cavity and the through-shaft channel.

[0010] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing, the upper eccentric moving cone component is installed with its rotation 180° relative to the lower eccentric moving cone component, and the eccentric directions are opposite.

[0011] Furthermore, in the aforementioned multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing, the fixed cone assembly includes an annular oil seat, a hydraulic oil pump, hydraulic push rods, an L-shaped support plate, a guide ring, an adjusting ring, a fixed cone inner liner, anti-torsion ribs, and an anti-torsion ring seat. The annular oil seat and hydraulic oil pump are installed on the upper outer wall of the housing, and the anti-torsion ring seat is installed on the upper inner wall of the housing. The side of the annular oil seat is connected to the hydraulic oil pump via an oil pipe. Several hydraulic push rods are circumferentially installed on the upper side of the annular oil seat, and the oil chamber of each hydraulic push rod is connected to the annular oil seat. The annular cavity is connected; the movable end of the hydraulic push rod is connected to the lower side of the horizontal plate of the corresponding L-shaped support plate, the upper side of the horizontal plate of each L-shaped support plate is supported by a guide ring, the inner side of the vertical plate of each L-shaped support plate is welded to support an adjusting ring, the upper inner side of the adjusting ring is provided with a guide cone surface that cooperates with the guide ring, the lower inner side of the adjusting ring is installed with a fixed cone liner plate, the outer side of the vertical plate of the L-shaped support plate is provided with an anti-torsion protrusion, and the inner wall of the anti-torsion ring seat is provided with multiple anti-torsion vertical grooves that cooperate with the anti-torsion protrusion along the circumferential direction.

[0012] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing, the moving grinding component includes a moving grinding block, an inner support plate is provided in the inner hole of the moving grinding block, a through-shaft hole that mates with the main shaft is opened at the center of the inner support plate, and a plurality of inner support fastening holes are opened around the through-shaft hole of the inner support plate.

[0013] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing, the main shaft is a hollow shaft. The upper part of the main shaft is provided with a fastening hole that matches the position of the eccentric moving cone component and a number of radial suction holes that are offset from the position of the eccentric moving cone component. The bottom end of the main shaft is connected to the negative pressure dust collector via an air guide slip ring mounted on the support plate.

[0014] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing, the dispersing cap includes a dispersing cap body, the interior of which is provided with a dust suction chamber, a dust guide hole communicating with the dust suction chamber is opened at the center of the bottom side of the dispersing cap body, an annular snap-fit ​​groove is opened around the dust guide hole on the bottom side of the dispersing cap body, and a plurality of dust suction holes communicating with the dust suction chamber are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the dispersing cap body.

[0015] Furthermore, in the aforementioned multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing, the crushing and refining steps are as follows: S1. Start the hydraulic oil pump to supply oil to each hydraulic push rod through the annular oil seat, adjust the extension and retraction stroke of the push rod, fine-tune the vertical position of the inner liner of the fixed cone, calibrate the gap between the two crushing zones, and at the same time check the fit of the anti-torsion structure to ensure that the fixed cone assembly is installed firmly; start the external drive device to drive the main shaft to rotate through the pulley, drive shaft and cone wheel transmission structure, and straighten the main shaft by the straightening plate limit to complete the no-load debugging of the equipment; S2. The raw mineral is fed into the equipment from the top. The high-speed rotating dispersion cap evenly disperses the falling material to avoid material accumulation and blockage, so that the material falls evenly into the upper first crushing zone. S3. The main shaft drives the upper eccentric moving cone component to rotate eccentrically, which cooperates with the upper fixed cone inner liner plate to squeeze and crush the material into primary coarse crushing, processing large raw stones into medium-sized particles; the upper and lower eccentric moving cone components are set in opposite directions to counteract the rotational vibration of the equipment and reduce operating wear. S4. The coarsely crushed material falls into the lower second crushing zone under the action of gravity. The medium-sized particles are further refined by the reverse eccentric operation of the lower eccentric moving cone component. The crushing accuracy is improved by relying on the smaller crushing gap, and the material is processed into a gradient medium and fine crushing process. S5. After secondary crushing, the material continues to fall into the lower grinding zone. The high-speed rotating moving grinding component and the fixed grinding block form a relative grinding motion, which performs ultra-fine grinding on the fine crushed material and processes the material to the target fine particle size. S6. The negative pressure dust collector is activated throughout the entire operation of the equipment. A negative pressure air duct is formed through the air guide slip ring and the hollow main shaft. The dust generated during the crushing process is collected through the dust suction holes of the dispersion cap and the radial suction holes of the main shaft. The dust is then transported and purified in a centralized manner, realizing the integrated operation of dust removal and crushing. Fine particles that meet the standards are discharged from the bottom outlet of the equipment.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention innovatively adopts a 180° reverse eccentric installation structure with upper and lower eccentric moving cone components. During equipment operation, the rotational vibrations generated by the two eccentric components can cancel each other out, significantly weakening the mechanical vibrations generated by the rotation of the main shaft and the crushing operation. At the same time, the straightening disc inside the inner shell provides full-range limiting and straightening of the main shaft, avoiding problems such as eccentric swaying and tilting of the main shaft. This changes the traditional equipment's operation mode, which relies entirely on the single eccentric oscillation of the main shaft for crushing, reducing friction and wear on drive components such as the drive shaft, cone wheel, and main shaft, and reducing the probability of equipment failure and downtime.

[0017] 2. This invention constructs a three-stage progressive processing structure consisting of a first crushing zone, a second crushing zone, and a grinding zone. The particle size is progressively reduced in each of the three zones, forming a gradient processing flow of coarse crushing, medium-fine crushing, and fine grinding. The upper first crushing zone performs coarse processing of large mineral ore, crushing large materials into medium-sized particles; the lower second crushing zone utilizes a smaller crushing gap to achieve secondary refinement of the material, improving crushing uniformity; the bottom grinding zone coarsely grinds the fine particles, processing the material to the target fine particle size. Compared to traditional single-crushing crushers, this equipment has multiple crushing stages, solving the problems of uneven particle size and insufficient refinement, and improving the quality of finished mineral products.

[0018] 3. This invention integrates a negative pressure dust removal system, relying on the dust collection structure of the hollow main shaft and dispersion cap, and in conjunction with the negative pressure dust collector and air guide slip ring to form a complete negative pressure air duct. During the crushing process, dust generated inside the equipment can be collected in real time, and the dust can be centrally transported and purified to prevent dust from spreading in the production workshop and surrounding environment.

[0019] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the above advantages at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main shaft in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dispersion cap in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the eccentric moving cone component in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the fixed cone assembly in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed cone assembly in this invention after omitting the anti-torsion ring seat; Figure 7 This is a half-sectional schematic diagram of the guide ring, adjusting ring, and fixed cone inner liner plate in this invention; Figure 8 This is a top view of the anti-torsion ring seat in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the moving grinding component in this invention; In the attached diagram, the components represented by each number are as follows: 1-Outer shell, 2-Inner shell, 3-Support rod, 4-Main shaft, 401-Fasting hole, 402-Radial suction hole, 5-Straightening disc, 6-Driven conical wheel, 7-Drive shaft, 8-Driving conical wheel, 9-Pulley, 10-Dispersion cap, 101-Dispersion cap body, 102-Dust suction chamber, 103-Dust guide hole, 104-Dust suction hole, 11-Eccentric moving cone component, 111-Eccentric moving cone body, 112-Through shaft channel, 113-Cavity, 114-Inner support rod, 115-Moving cone fastener 12-Fixed cone assembly, 121-Annular oil seat, 122-Hydraulic oil pump, 123-Hydraulic push rod, 124-L-shaped support plate, 125-Guide ring, 126-Adjusting ring, 127-Fixed cone inner liner, 128-Anti-torsion ridge, 129-Anti-torsion ring seat, 13-Fixed grinding block, 14-Moving grinding component, 141-Moving grinding block, 142-Inner support plate, 143-Through shaft hole, 144-Inner support fastening hole, 15-Support plate, 16-Air guide slip ring, 17-Negative pressure dust collector. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, a multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing includes an outer shell 1, an inner shell 2, support rods 3, a main shaft 4, a centering disc 5, a driven cone wheel 6, a drive shaft 7, a driving cone wheel 8, a pulley 9, a dispersing cap 10, an eccentric moving cone component 11, a fixed cone assembly 12, a fixed grinding block 13, and a moving grinding component 14. The inner shell 2 is located in the lower part of the inner cavity of the outer shell 1. The outer side of the inner shell 2 is fixed to the inner wall of the outer shell 1 via several support rods 3. The main shaft 4 passes through the inner shell 2. A centering disc 5 and a driven cone wheel 6 located above the centering disc 5 are sleeved and fixed to the lower part of the main shaft 4. The drive shaft 7 passes through the lower part of the side plate of the outer shell 1. A driving cone wheel 8 that meshes with the driven cone wheel 6 is installed at the inner end of the drive shaft 7, and a pulley 9 is installed at the outer end of the drive shaft 7. The centering disc 5, driven cone wheel 6, and driving cone wheel 8 are all movable and restricted within the inner shell 2. A dispersion cap 10 is installed at the top of the main shaft 4. Two layers of eccentric moving cone components 11 are installed on the upper part of the main shaft 4 via fasteners. Two layers of fixed cone components 12 are installed on the upper part of the side plate of the outer shell 1. A fixed grinding block 13 is installed on the lower inner wall of the side plate of the outer shell 1. A support plate 15 is fixed on the outer side of the bottom end of the main shaft 4. A moving grinding component 14 that mates with the fixed grinding block 13 is installed on the support plate 15 via fasteners.

[0024] In this embodiment, the inner shell 2 is provided with a straightening cavity that cooperates with the straightening disc 5, and a gear moving cavity that facilitates the movement of the driven cone wheel 6 and the driving cone wheel 8; the outer side of the drive shaft 7 is fitted with a sleeve connecting the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2, and the pulley 9 is connected to the power shaft of the external drive device via a transmission belt.

[0025] In this embodiment, a first crushing zone is formed between the eccentric moving cone component 11 and the fixed cone component 12 located in the upper layer, and a second crushing zone is formed between the eccentric moving cone component 11 and the fixed cone component 12 located in the lower layer. A grinding zone is formed between the moving grinding component 14 and the fixed grinding block 13. The crushed and refined particle size of the first crushing zone, the second crushing zone and the grinding zone gradually decreases.

[0026] like Figure 4 As shown, the eccentric moving cone component 11 includes an eccentric moving cone body 111. The interior of the eccentric moving cone body 111 is provided with a through-shaft channel 112 that cooperates with the main shaft 4 and cavities 113 distributed around the through-shaft channel 112. Multiple inner support rods 114 are installed circumferentially at the opening of the cavity 113. Multiple moving cone fastening holes 115 that cooperate with fasteners are opened in the tube between the cavity 113 and the through-shaft channel 112.

[0027] In this embodiment, the upper eccentric moving cone component 11 is installed with a 180° rotation relative to the lower eccentric moving cone component 11, and the eccentric directions are opposite.

[0028] like Figures 5-8 As shown, the fixed cone assembly 12 includes an annular oil seat 121, a hydraulic oil pump 122, a hydraulic push rod 123, an L-shaped support plate 124, a guide ring 125, an adjusting ring 126, a fixed cone inner liner 127, an anti-torsion ridge 128, and an anti-torsion ring seat 129. The annular oil seat 121 and the hydraulic oil pump 122 are installed on the upper outer wall of the housing 1, and the anti-torsion ring seat 129 is installed on the upper inner wall of the housing 1. The side of the annular oil seat 121 is connected to the hydraulic oil pump 122 through an oil pipe. Several hydraulic push rods 123 are circumferentially mounted on the upper side of the annular oil seat 121. The oil chamber of each hydraulic push rod 123 is connected to the annular cavity of the annular oil seat 121. The movable end of the hydraulic push rod 123 is connected to the lower side of the horizontal plate of the corresponding L-shaped support plate 124. The upper side of the horizontal plate of each L-shaped support plate 124 jointly supports the guide ring 125. The inner side of the vertical plate of each L-shaped support plate 124 is welded to support the adjusting ring 126. The upper inner side of the adjusting ring 126 is provided with a guide cone surface that cooperates with the guide ring 125. The lower inner side of the adjusting ring 126 is equipped with a fixed cone liner plate 127. The outer side of the vertical plate of the L-shaped support plate 124 is provided with an anti-torsion protrusion 128. The inner wall of the anti-torsion ring seat 129 is provided with multiple anti-torsion vertical grooves that cooperate with the anti-torsion protrusion 128 along the circumferential direction.

[0029] like Figure 9As shown, the moving grinding component 14 includes a moving grinding block 141. An inner support plate 142 is provided in the inner hole of the moving grinding block 141. A through-shaft hole 143 that cooperates with the main shaft 4 is opened at the center of the inner support plate 142. A plurality of inner support fastening holes 144 are opened around the through-shaft hole 143 of the inner support plate 142.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the main shaft 4 is a hollow shaft. The upper part of the main shaft 4 is provided with a fastening hole 401 that matches the position of the eccentric moving cone component 11 and a number of radial suction holes 402 that are offset from the position of the eccentric moving cone component 11. The bottom end of the main shaft 4 is connected to the negative pressure dust collector 17 via an air guide slip ring 16 installed on the support plate 15.

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, the dispersion cap 10 includes a dispersion cap body 101. The dispersion cap body 101 has a dust suction chamber 102 inside. A dust guide hole 103 communicating with the dust suction chamber 102 is opened at the center of the bottom side of the dispersion cap body 101. An annular snap-fit ​​groove is opened around the dust guide hole 103 on the bottom side of the dispersion cap body 101. A plurality of dust suction holes 104 communicating with the dust suction chamber 102 are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the dispersion cap body 101.

[0032] Explanation of the functions of the main components in this embodiment: The outer shell 1 serves as the overall supporting and protective housing for the equipment, undertaking the installation and positioning of all components, providing external protection, and isolating the internal crushing operation from the external environment. The inner shell 2 is fixed to the lower part of the inner cavity of the outer shell 1 by multiple support rods 3, forming an independent internal working cavity, which encloses and protects the internally assembled main shaft 4, straightening disc 5, and conical gear transmission structure. The inner shell 2 is divided into a straightening chamber and a gear movement chamber, providing movement space for the limiting operation of the straightening disc 5 and the meshing transmission of the conical gear, respectively, preventing the components from jamming or shifting position, and ensuring the stable operation of the transmission and straightening structure. The sleeve between the drive shaft 7 and the outer shell 1 and inner shell 2 serves a sealing, protective, and limiting function, preventing dust and material debris from entering the transmission structure.

[0033] The pulley 9, drive shaft 7, driving cone wheel 8, driven cone wheel 6, and main shaft 4 together constitute the power transmission assembly. The pulley 9, as an external power input component, is connected to an external drive device via a transmission belt, receiving external power and transmitting it to the drive shaft 7, causing it to rotate continuously. The drive shaft 7 penetrates the equipment housing, transmitting power to the internal driving cone wheel 8, driving it to rotate synchronously. The driving cone wheel 8 and driven cone wheel 6 mesh with each other, changing the direction of power transmission through cone wheel meshing, converting horizontal rotational power into vertical rotational power, driving the driven cone wheel 6 and the fixedly connected main shaft 4 to rotate at high speed. The main shaft 4 is a hollow structure, serving as the equipment's transmission and operating carrier. On one hand, it drives the upper two-stage eccentric moving cone component 11 and the bottom moving grinding component 14 to operate synchronously, completing the crushing and grinding operation; on the other hand, its hollow cavity and radial suction holes 402 form an internal dust collection duct, providing a structural foundation for full-process dust removal. Simultaneously, the upper fastening holes 401 are used to fix the eccentric moving cone component 11, ensuring assembly stability.

[0034] The centering disc 5 is fixed to the lower part of the main shaft 4 and is assembled with the centering cavity inside the inner shell 2. During operation, it rotates synchronously with the main shaft 4, which can radially limit and center the lower part of the main shaft 4. It effectively restrains the shaking, tilting and eccentricity of the main shaft 4.

[0035] The dispersion cap 10 is installed at the top of the main shaft 4 and rotates at high speed with the main shaft 4, mainly realizing the dual functions of material dispersion and dust collection. In terms of material handling, the high-speed rotating dispersion cap 10 can evenly scatter the concentrated mineral raw materials fed at the top to the surroundings, avoiding material accumulation and blockage, and ensuring that the material is evenly distributed in the primary crushing zone, thus ensuring the uniformity of the crushing operation. In terms of dust removal, the dispersion cap 10 has an independent dust suction chamber 102 inside, and dust suction holes 104 are evenly distributed on the outer surface. The bottom is connected to the hollow air duct of the main shaft 4 through the dust guide hole 103. Relying on negative pressure suction, it can collect dust generated by the top feeding and primary crushing in real time, completing the full coverage collection of dust in the upper area.

[0036] The eccentric moving cone component 11 is fixed to the upper part of the main shaft 4 by fasteners. It has an upper and lower two-layer structure to achieve gradient crushing and vibration damping. The component is assembled with the main shaft 4 through the internal through-shaft channel 112. The cavity 113 and circumferential support rod 114 structure can reduce the self-weight of the component, improve the structural strength, and avoid deformation during long-term extrusion operations. During operation, it rotates eccentrically with the main shaft 4 and cooperates with the corresponding level fixed cone component 12 to squeeze, crush, and impact the mineral particles to achieve mineral crushing. The upper component is responsible for coarse crushing of large materials, and the lower component is responsible for fine crushing of medium-sized materials. At the same time, the upper and lower components are installed eccentrically in opposite directions at 180°, and the vibration forces generated during operation cancel each other out, which greatly reduces the vibration of the whole machine, reduces equipment wear, and improves operational stability.

[0037] The fixed cone assembly 12 is fixed to the upper inner wall of the outer shell 1 and pairs with the eccentric moving cone assembly 11 to form a crushing zone. It mainly realizes three functions: adjustable crushing gap, anti-torsion limiting, and flow-guiding crushing. The hydraulic oil pump 122 and the annular oil seat 121 form a hydraulic oil supply system, which provides uniform hydraulic power to the circumferentially distributed hydraulic push rods 123. The push rods extend and retract, driving the L-shaped support plate 124 and the adjusting ring 126 to make vertical fine adjustments, thereby adjusting the height position of the fixed cone inner liner plate 127, thus changing the crushing zone gap to adapt to the crushing requirements of different materials. The anti-torsion protrusion 128 on the outside of the L-shaped support plate 124 engages with the anti-torsion vertical groove inside the anti-torsion ring seat 129 to form a circumferential limiting structure, preventing the fixed cone assembly 12 from twisting or shifting during operation and ensuring assembly stability. The inner guide cone surfaces of the guide ring 125 and the adjusting ring 126 can guide the falling material, allowing the material to enter the crushing zone. Together with the wear-resistant crushing structure of the fixed cone liner plate 127, they work in conjunction with the moving cone to complete the mineral extrusion crushing operation.

[0038] The fixed grinding block 13 is fixed to the lower inner wall of the outer shell 1, serving as the fixed grinding base. The moving grinding component 14 is fixed to the bottom support plate 15 of the main shaft 4 via the inner support plate 142 and fasteners, and rotates at high speed with the main shaft 4. The two components are paired to form the bottom grinding area. The inner support plate 142 of the moving grinding component 14 can enhance the overall structural stability and prevent the component from deforming and falling off under high-speed rotation and high-intensity grinding operations. During operation, the high-speed rotating moving grinding block 141 and the stationary fixed grinding block 13 form relative friction and rolling motion, which performs ultra-fine grinding on the fine mineral particles after secondary crushing, further refines the material particle size, optimizes the particle roundness, completes the final fine processing of the mineral, and achieves the particle size standard of the finished material.

[0039] The air guide slip ring 16 is installed at the connection position between the bottom end of the main shaft 4 and the support plate 15, which can realize the dynamic sealing connection between the rotating main shaft 4 and the fixed negative pressure dust collector 17, solve the problem of connection and sealing between the rotating air duct and the fixed dust collection equipment, and avoid negative pressure leakage. The negative pressure dust collector 17 provides negative pressure suction for the entire dust collection system. Through the air guide slip ring 16 and the cavity of the hollow main shaft 4, a through negative pressure air duct is formed. The air duct passes through the radial suction hole 402 of the main shaft 4 and the dust suction hole 104 of the dispersion cap 10 in sequence, collecting the fine dust generated inside the equipment during the crushing process. The dust is then concentrated and transported to the dust collector for purification treatment, realizing the integration of crushing and dust collection and reducing dust pollution.

[0040] The crushing and refining steps of the multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing in this embodiment are as follows: S1. For the small-batch crushing needs of high-value minerals, first start the hydraulic oil pump 122, supply oil to each hydraulic push rod 123 through the annular oil seat 121, adjust the extension and retraction stroke of the hydraulic push rod 123, drive the L-shaped support plate 124, the adjusting ring 126 and the fixed cone inner liner plate 127 to make slight up and down adjustments, match the crushing gap of the two-stage crushing zone, and at the same time check the fit between the anti-torsion convex 128 and the anti-torsion ring seat 129 to ensure that the fixed cone assembly 12 is installed firmly and without deviation or jamming; then start the external drive device, drive the active cone wheel 8 to rotate through the pulley 9 and drive shaft 7, mesh and drive the driven cone wheel 6 and the main shaft 4 to rotate at a uniform speed, and use the straightening plate 5 to limit and straighten the main shaft 4 to ensure the rotational stability of the main shaft 4, and complete the no-load debugging of the equipment; S2. The raw mineral to be processed is fed into the shell 1 from the top of the equipment. The material first comes into contact with the high-speed rotating dispersion cap 10. The large pieces of mineral falling from the outer surface of the dispersion cap 10 are evenly dispersed to the surrounding area through the flow guiding structure, so as to avoid material accumulation and blockage, and make the mineral fall evenly into the first crushing zone formed by the upper eccentric moving cone component 11 and the upper fixed cone component 12. S3, the main shaft 4 drives the upper eccentric moving cone component 11 to rotate eccentrically, which, in conjunction with the upper fixed cone inner liner plate 127, generates squeezing, crushing and impacting action, which performs primary coarse crushing on large pieces of mineral falling into the first crushing zone, crushing large pieces of raw stone into medium-sized mineral particles. The eccentric rotation crushing method can realize gradient squeezing crushing, improve coarse crushing efficiency, and at the same time, the reverse eccentric structure design of the upper and lower eccentric moving cone components 11 can offset some rotational vibration and reduce equipment wear during operation. S4. After primary coarse crushing, the mineral particles fall naturally under the action of gravity and enter the second crushing zone formed by the lower eccentric moving cone component 11 and the lower fixed cone component 12. Through the reverse eccentric rotation of the lower eccentric moving cone component 11, the medium-sized mineral particles are subjected to secondary compression and fine crushing, further reducing the particle size and completing the medium and fine crushing of the minerals. Compared with primary crushing, the secondary crushing gap is smaller and the crushing precision is higher, realizing the gradient crushing of minerals. S5. After secondary fine crushing, the mineral particles continue to fall and enter the grinding zone at the bottom of the equipment. The main shaft 4 drives the grinding component 14 to rotate at high speed, forming a relative grinding motion with the fixed grinding block 13. The finely crushed mineral particles are subjected to ultra-fine grinding and polishing, and the mineral particles are processed to the target fine particle size, thus completing the multi-stage crushing and refining process of the mineral. S6. During the small-batch crushing and refining of high-value minerals, the negative pressure dust collector 17 is activated. A negative pressure air duct is formed through the air guide slip ring 16 and the hollow main shaft 4. The dust generated during crushing and grinding is sequentially drawn into the air duct through the dust suction holes 104, dust suction chamber 102, dust guide holes 103 on the surface of the dispersion cap 10 and the radial suction holes 402 on the upper part of the main shaft 4. Finally, it is transported to the negative pressure dust collector 17 for centralized purification treatment, avoiding dust dispersion and pollution of the production environment, and realizing integrated crushing and dust removal operation. After the qualified mineral fine particles have completed multi-stage crushing, refining and dust removal treatment, they are evenly discharged from the discharge port at the bottom of the shell 1. The staff collects the finished material in a centralized manner, completing the single mineral multi-stage crushing and refining process. The above steps can be repeated to realize continuous mineral processing production.

[0041] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to specific implementations. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing, characterized in that, The system includes an outer shell, an inner shell, support rods, a main shaft, a centering disc, a driven conical wheel, a drive shaft, a driving conical wheel, a pulley, a dispersion cap, an eccentric moving conical component, a fixed conical assembly, a fixed grinding block, and a moving grinding component. The lower part of the inner shell's inner cavity contains the inner shell. The outer side of the inner shell is fixed to the inner wall of the outer shell via several support rods. The main shaft passes through the inner shell. A centering disc and a driven conical wheel located above the centering disc are fitted and fixed to the lower part of the main shaft. The drive shaft passes through the lower part of the outer shell's side plate, and a [missing information - likely a component or part] is mounted on the inner end of the drive shaft. The driving cone wheel meshes with the driven cone wheel. A pulley is installed at the outer end of the drive shaft. The centering disc, driven cone wheel, and driving cone wheel are all movable and restricted in the inner shell. A dispersion cap is installed at the top of the main shaft. Two layers of eccentric moving cone components are installed on the upper part of the main shaft via fasteners. Two layers of fixed cone components are installed on the upper part of the side plate of the outer shell. Fixed grinding blocks are installed on the lower inner wall of the side plate of the outer shell. A support plate is fixed on the outer side of the bottom end of the main shaft. A moving grinding component that mates with the fixed grinding block is installed on the support plate via fasteners.

2. The multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner shell is provided with a straightening cavity that cooperates with the straightening disc, and a gear cavity that facilitates the movement of the driven cone wheel and the driving cone wheel; the outer side of the drive shaft is fitted with a sleeve that connects the outer shell and the inner shell, and the pulley is connected to the power shaft of the external drive device via a transmission belt.

3. The multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first crushing zone is formed between the eccentric moving cone component and the fixed cone assembly located in the upper layer, and a second crushing zone is formed between the eccentric moving cone component and the fixed cone assembly located in the lower layer. A grinding zone is formed between the moving grinding component and the fixed grinding block. The crushed and refined particle size of the first crushing zone, the second crushing zone and the grinding zone gradually decreases.

4. The multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The eccentric moving cone component includes an eccentric moving cone body. The interior of the eccentric moving cone body is provided with a through-shaft channel that cooperates with the main shaft and cavities distributed around the through-shaft channel. Multiple inner support rods are installed circumferentially at the opening of the cavity. Multiple moving cone fastening holes that cooperate with fasteners are opened in the tube between the cavity and the through-shaft channel.

5. A multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper eccentric moving cone component is installed with its rotation 180° relative to the lower eccentric moving cone component, and the eccentricity is opposite.

6. A multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fixed cone assembly includes an annular oil seat, a hydraulic oil pump, hydraulic push rods, an L-shaped support plate, a guide ring, an adjusting ring, a fixed cone inner liner, anti-torsion ribs, and an anti-torsion ring seat. The annular oil seat and hydraulic oil pump are mounted on the upper outer wall of the housing, and the anti-torsion ring seat is mounted on the upper inner wall of the housing. The side of the annular oil seat is connected to the hydraulic oil pump via an oil pipe. Several hydraulic push rods are circumferentially mounted on the upper side of the annular oil seat, and the oil chamber of each hydraulic push rod communicates with the annular cavity of the annular oil seat. The movable end of the push rod is connected to the lower side of the horizontal plate of the corresponding L-shaped support plate. The upper side of the horizontal plate of each L-shaped support plate is supported by a guide ring. The inner side of the vertical plate of each L-shaped support plate is welded to support an adjusting ring. The upper inner side of the adjusting ring is provided with a guide cone surface that cooperates with the guide ring. The lower inner side of the adjusting ring is installed with a fixed cone liner plate. The outer side of the vertical plate of the L-shaped support plate is provided with an anti-torsion protrusion. The inner wall of the anti-torsion ring seat is provided with multiple anti-torsion vertical grooves that cooperate with the anti-torsion protrusion along the circumferential direction.

7. A multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing according to claim 6, characterized in that, The moving grinding component includes a moving grinding block, an inner support plate is provided in the inner hole of the moving grinding block, a through-shaft hole that mates with the main shaft is provided in the center of the inner support plate, and a plurality of inner support fastening holes are provided around the through-shaft hole of the inner support plate.

8. A multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing according to claim 7, characterized in that, The main shaft is a hollow shaft. The upper part of the main shaft has a fastening hole that matches the position of the eccentric moving cone component and several radial suction holes that are offset from the position of the eccentric moving cone component. The bottom end of the main shaft is connected to the negative pressure dust collector via an air guide slip ring mounted on the support plate.

9. A multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing according to claim 8, characterized in that, The dispersion cap includes a dispersion cap body, the interior of which is provided with a dust suction chamber. A dust guide hole communicating with the dust suction chamber is opened at the center of the bottom side of the dispersion cap body. An annular snap-fit ​​groove is opened around the dust guide hole on the bottom side of the dispersion cap body. A number of dust suction holes communicating with the dust suction chamber are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the dispersion cap body.

10. A multi-stage crushing and refining system for mineral processing according to claim 9, characterized in that, The crushing and refining steps are as follows: S1. Start the hydraulic oil pump to supply oil to each hydraulic push rod through the annular oil seat, adjust the extension and retraction stroke of the push rod, fine-tune the vertical position of the inner liner of the fixed cone, calibrate the gap between the two crushing zones, and at the same time check the fit of the anti-torsion structure to ensure that the fixed cone assembly is installed firmly; start the external drive device to drive the main shaft to rotate through the pulley, drive shaft and cone wheel transmission structure, and straighten the main shaft by the straightening plate limit to complete the no-load debugging of the equipment; S2. The raw mineral stone is fed into the equipment from the top. The high-speed rotating dispersion cap evenly disperses the falling material, preventing material accumulation and blockage, and ensuring that the material falls evenly into the upper first crushing zone. S3. The main shaft drives the upper eccentric moving cone component to rotate eccentrically, which cooperates with the upper fixed cone inner liner plate to squeeze and crush the material into primary coarse crushing, processing large raw stones into medium-sized particles; the upper and lower eccentric moving cone components are set in opposite directions to counteract the rotational vibration of the equipment and reduce operating wear. S4. The coarsely crushed material falls into the lower second crushing zone under the action of gravity. The medium-sized particles are further refined by the reverse eccentric operation of the lower eccentric moving cone component. The crushing accuracy is improved by relying on the smaller crushing gap, and the material is processed into a gradient medium and fine crushing process. S5. After secondary crushing, the material continues to fall into the lower grinding zone. The high-speed rotating moving grinding component and the fixed grinding block form a relative grinding motion, which performs ultra-fine grinding on the fine crushed material and processes the material to the target fine particle size. S6. The negative pressure dust collector is activated throughout the entire operation of the equipment. A negative pressure air duct is formed through the air guide slip ring and the hollow main shaft. The dust generated during the crushing process is collected through the dust suction holes of the dispersion cap and the radial suction holes of the main shaft. The dust is then transported and purified in a centralized manner, realizing the integrated operation of dust removal and crushing. Fine particles that meet the standards are discharged from the bottom outlet of the equipment.

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