Rack plate type creep age forming method and die based on self-loading of ratchet device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on ratchet device self-loading card plate type creep age forming method and mould, including card plate loading device, die base and ratchet loading locking device, card plate loading device is welded by several hole card plate with certain combination, without traditional convex die curved surface, only rely on hole card plate to complete loading, can flexibly adjust card plate quantity to adapt different parts, can prevent plate springback, substantially reduce manufacturing cost under the premise of guaranteeing component forming precision;Ratchet loading locking device is composed of ratchet, push piece, motion converter, connecting rod and fixed block, ratchet loading locking device can complete loading and locking simultaneously, simple operation, high loading efficiency, and can prevent ratchet from reversing due to plate springback force in loading process, ensure that loading process is stable and reliable;Card plate loading device and die base support are all welded with hole card plate structure, can make the plate to be formed more evenly by heat, improve forming quality stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aerospace manufacturing engineering technology, specifically to a plate-type creep aging molding method and mold based on ratchet device autonomous loading. Background Technology

[0002] Creep aging forming is an advanced manufacturing technology that integrates the creep and aging properties of materials. Its core lies in simultaneously completing three processes: metal creep, stress relaxation, and aging strengthening. The principle involves first inducing elastic deformation in the workpiece at room temperature using a specific loading method and holding it there. Then, the workpiece is placed in a heating device and kept at that temperature. The temperature drives the evolution of the internal structure and properties, transforming some of the elastic deformation into stable plastic deformation, ultimately forming a complex curved surface component with high precision and low residual stress.

[0003] During the molding process, the tight fit between the part to be molded and the mold is crucial to ensuring accuracy. This relies on the loading device to induce precise elastic pre-deformation of the part. The current mainstream pre-loading solution uses a combination of vacuum bags and sealing strips. By drawing a vacuum, atmospheric pressure is used to force the sheet metal to adhere to the mold, achieving uniform pre-deformation without a rigid pressure head. However, this method has significant drawbacks: the vacuuming and pressure holding processes are time-consuming, and the upper limit of atmospheric pressure restricts the amount of pre-deformation, making it difficult to meet the overall pre-loading efficiency requirements for large-scale production.

[0004] Existing mold technologies also have many limitations. For example, the cylindrical multi-functional mold disclosed in patent document CN207577233U can only be adapted to small cylindrical components. It is completely unsuitable for large curved thin-walled parts commonly found in the aerospace field, resulting in extremely narrow application scenarios. Another example is the creep forming mold for curved parts proposed in patent document CN212603648U. It has a complex structural design and can only match parts with a single curved surface shape. Both the upper and lower molds need to be machined with complex curved surfaces, resulting in high processing costs. More importantly, this mold relies solely on the weight of the upper punch or a small amount of additional gravity loading. For parts with large side curvature, it cannot provide sufficient fitting pressure, making it difficult to ensure that the side of the part fits perfectly with the mold surface, thus posing a potential risk to the forming quality. For example, the invention patent with authorization announcement number CN112536358B discloses a creep aging forming process and mold device for complex variable curvature components. This process uses a press to press down a punch pressure column to bring the component into contact and lock it with bolts. However, the punch is only a single curvature surface that mates with the die, making it unable to adapt to large curvature changes at the component's edges. This easily leads to localized springback at the edges, affecting forming accuracy. Furthermore, the step-by-step operation of press loading and bolt locking is cumbersome and inefficient, further increasing processing and time costs.

[0005] In summary, existing creep aging molding technologies have shortcomings in terms of adaptability, molding quality, production efficiency, and cost control. Developing a low-cost, high-quality, high-efficiency, and easy-to-operate creep aging molding process and device has become an urgent need to promote the large-scale application of this technology. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a plate-type creep aging forming mold based on a ratchet device for self-loading, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a self-loading pallet-type creep aging forming mold based on a ratchet mechanism, comprising a pallet loading device and a die base. The pallet loading device is assembled and welded from several pallets, and its bottom forms a loading curved surface adapted to the concave surface of the aging forming part. The die base is located below the pallet loading device and is detachably connected to the pallet loading device via multiple ratchet loading locking devices. The ratchet loading locking device includes a first locking part and a second locking part, which are respectively disposed on one side of the die base and the pallet loading device. The first locking part includes a ratchet, a lever, and a... The converter has one end eccentrically connected to the ratchet, and the other end is provided with a conversion link. The second locking part includes a connecting block with a sliding groove. After mold closing, the conversion link extends into the sliding groove. Rotating the ratchet drives the converter to deflect, thereby driving the conversion link to move around the ratchet's axis. The conversion link, guided and constrained by the sliding groove, converts the rotational motion into horizontal displacement and simultaneously drives the second locking part to move the clamping plate loading device towards the die base side, achieving pre-tight loading of the sheet metal to be formed. The paddle is used to lock the position of the ratchet to prevent reverse rotation.

[0008] Furthermore, the card loading device includes a plurality of first side cards located around the periphery of the device, a plurality of second side cards located within the area enclosed by the plurality of first side cards, and a plurality of reinforcing inclined cards.

[0009] Furthermore, the card loading device also includes multiple transverse reinforcing cards and multiple longitudinal reinforcing cards, which are connected to multiple first side cards and multiple second side cards; within the forming area of ​​the sheet material to be formed, the number of reinforcing oblique cards is greater in areas with larger curvature of the sheet material than in other areas.

[0010] Furthermore, the concave mold base includes a support base and a molded curved panel located on top of the support base. The support base is composed of multiple base edge clamping plates, multiple base transverse clamping plates, and multiple base longitudinal clamping plates.

[0011] Furthermore, the first side plate, the second side plate, the reinforcing oblique plate, the base side plate, the base transverse plate, and the base longitudinal plate are all perforated plates.

[0012] Furthermore, the first locking part also includes a lower fixing block, which is fixedly disposed on one side of the die base; the second locking part also includes a connecting rod and an upper fixing block, which is fixedly disposed on one side of the plate loading device, the upper part of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the upper fixing block, and the lower part of the connecting rod is movably connected to the lower fixing block; the connecting block is disposed on the connecting rod and between the upper fixing block and the lower fixing block.

[0013] Furthermore, the conversion link is also provided with a nut to prevent it from falling out of the sliding groove.

[0014] Furthermore, the ratchet and the paddle are mounted on the lower fixed block; the connecting block is welded to the connecting rod.

[0015] Furthermore, the number of ratchet loading and locking devices is four, and the four ratchet loading and locking devices are respectively located at the left and right ends of the front and rear sides of the molding die.

[0016] This invention also provides a plate-type creep aging molding method based on ratchet device self-loading, using the above-mentioned plate-type creep aging molding mold, the method comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1. Place the sheet material to be formed on the die base, and determine the position of the plate loading device relative to the die base through the connecting rod of the ratchet loading locking device to complete the mold closing.

[0018] S2. Move the paddle of each ratchet loading and locking device to one side, rotate all ratchets, and drive the plate loading device to move towards the die base side through the converter and connecting rod to preload the plate to be formed; after stopping the rotation of the ratchet, the paddle locks the position of the ratchet, thereby realizing the locking of the plate loading device and the die base;

[0019] S3. After loading and locking are completed, place the entire plate-type creep aging molding mold into a hot autoclave, heat it to 400-500°C at a heating rate of 3-5°C / min, and hold it at that temperature for 60-120 minutes. After holding, cool it to room temperature at a cooling rate of 3-5°C / min.

[0020] S4. Move all the ratchet loading and locking devices to the other side to unload, and finally obtain the melon petal aging molded part.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. Operation and efficiency advantages: The ratchet loading and locking device can complete loading and locking simultaneously, which is simple to operate, has high loading efficiency, and can prevent the ratchet from reversing due to the spring force of the plate during loading, ensuring a stable and reliable loading process.

[0023] 2. Precision and cost advantages: No traditional punch surface is required. Loading is completed solely by the perforated plate in the plate loading device. At the same time, the number of plates can be flexibly adjusted according to the curvature of the sheet material to be formed to adapt to different parts, which can prevent the sheet material from springing back and significantly reduce manufacturing costs while ensuring the forming accuracy of the components.

[0024] 3. Molding quality advantages: Both the plate loading device and the die base support adopt a perforated plate welding structure, which allows the plate to be molded to be heated more evenly and improves the stability of molding quality.

[0025] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other objectives, features, and advantages. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a plate-type creep aging forming mold based on ratchet device self-loading according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the card loading device in this invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the concave mold base in this invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the ratchet loading and locking device in this invention from one angle;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the ratchet loading and locking device in this invention from another angle;

[0032] In the figure, 1-Panel loading device; 1.1-First side plate; 1.2-Second side plate; 1.3-Reinforcing inclined plate; 1.4-Transverse reinforcing plate; 1.5-Longitudinal reinforcing plate; 2-Die base; 2.1-Support base; 2.1a-Base side plate, 2.1b-Base transverse plate, 2.1c-Base longitudinal plate; 2.2-Forming curved plate; 3-Ratchet loading and locking device; 3.1-Ratchet; 3.2-Pulley; 3.3-Converter; 3.3a-Converter linkage; 3.4-Connecting rod; 3.5-Upper fixing block; 3.6-Lower fixing block; 3.7-Connecting block; 3.7a-Sliding groove; 3.8-Nut. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. Equivalent transformations or substitutions in function, method, or structure made by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Please see Figures 1 to 3 This embodiment provides a self-loading pallet-type creep aging forming mold based on a ratchet device, including a pallet loading device 1, a die base 2, and a ratchet loading and locking device 3; the specific structure is as follows:

[0037] The clamping plate loading device 1, serving as a loading and pressure application component, is located above the die base 2 and is assembled and welded from several clamping plates. Specifically, the clamping plate loading device 1 includes multiple first edge clamping plates 1.1 arranged around its periphery. These multiple first edge clamping plates 1.1 are sequentially spliced ​​end to end to form a frame structure, forming the outer support boundary of the clamping plate loading device 1. Within the area enclosed by the multiple first edge clamping plates 1.1, multiple second edge clamping plates 1.2 are provided. These multiple second edge clamping plates 1.2 form a forming area that matches the contour of the material to be formed, used to limit and fix the edges of the material to be formed. At the same time, multiple reinforcing inclined clamping plates 1.3 are also provided within the forming area. These reinforcing inclined clamping plates 1.3 are arranged intersectingly along the curved contour of the formed part to improve the loading uniformity of the large curvature area of ​​the formed part. In this structural configuration, the bottom surface of the card plate loading device 1 is a loading surface formed by the lower surfaces of the first side card plate, the second side card plate, and the reinforcing inclined card plate. The shape of the loading surface is consistent with the target forming surface of the concave surface of the aging forming part, so as to ensure that the plate to be formed is subjected to uniform force during the loading process.

[0038] Furthermore, to enhance the overall structural strength of the pallet loading device 1 and prevent deformation of the pallet during loading that could affect molding accuracy, this embodiment of the pallet loading device 1 is also equipped with multiple transverse reinforcing pallets 1.4 and multiple longitudinal reinforcing pallets 1.5. The multiple transverse reinforcing pallets 1.4 are evenly arranged horizontally, and the multiple longitudinal reinforcing pallets 1.5 are evenly arranged vertically. The transverse reinforcing pallets 1.4 and longitudinal reinforcing pallets 1.5 intersect each other perpendicularly and are respectively fixedly connected to the outer first side pallet 1.1 and the inner second side pallet 1.2 to form a stable grid-like support structure. To address the curvature differences in different areas of the sheet material to be molded, this embodiment adopts a differentiated arrangement scheme: within the molding area of ​​the sheet material to be molded, the number of reinforcing inclined pallets 1.3 is greater than that in areas with smaller curvature, corresponding to areas with larger surface curvature changes. This ensures sufficient loading pressure in areas with large curvature and avoids springback defects after molding.

[0039] like Figure 3As shown, the die base 2 serves as a forming support component, positioned directly below the clamping plate loading device 1 and detachably connected to it via multiple ratchet loading and locking devices 3. Specifically, the die base 2 includes a support base 2.1 and a forming curved panel 2.2. The forming curved panel 2.2 is fixedly mounted on the top of the support base 2.1, and its upper surface is a die forming curved surface adapted to the convex surface of the aging-formed part, used to support the sheet metal to be formed. In this embodiment, the support base 2.1 also adopts a modular clamping plate splicing structure, consisting of multiple base edge clamping plates 2.1a, multiple base transverse clamping plates 2.1b, and multiple base longitudinal clamping plates 2.1c sequentially spliced ​​and fixed. This splicing structure is easier to manufacture than an integral base, and the base specifications can be flexibly adjusted according to parts of different sizes, reducing mold development costs.

[0040] To facilitate mold assembly and reduce weight, the first side clamping plate 1.1, the second side clamping plate 1.2, the reinforcing inclined clamping plate 1.3, the base side clamping plate 2.1a, the base transverse clamping plate 2.1b, and the base longitudinal clamping plate 2.1c are all perforated clamping plates with pre-drilled positioning connection holes. During assembly, the fixed connection between the clamping plates can be completed by welding and plugging, which greatly improves the assembly efficiency.

[0041] The ratchet loading and locking device 3 is the core component for achieving autonomous pre-tightening loading. In this embodiment, four ratchet loading and locking devices 3 are set, symmetrically arranged at the left and right ends of the front and rear sides of the forming mold to ensure uniform force on the clamping plate loading device 1 during loading and avoid uneven deformation of the sheet material to be formed due to uneven loading. The specific structure of each ratchet loading and locking device 3 is as follows: Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the ratchet loading and locking device 3 includes a first locking part and a second locking part, which are respectively disposed on one side of the die base 2 and the plate loading device 1. The first locking part includes a ratchet 3.1, a paddle 3.2, a converter 3.3, and a lower fixing block 3.6. The second locking part includes a connecting rod 3.4 and an upper fixing block 3.5. The ratchet 3.1 and the paddle 3.2 are mounted on the lower fixing block 3.6. One end of the converter 3.3 is eccentrically connected to the ratchet 3.1, and the other end of the converter 3.3 is fixedly connected to a conversion connecting rod 3.3a. The upper fixing block 3.5 is welded and fixed to the side of the plate loading device 1. The lower fixing block 3.6 is welded and fixed to the side of the die base 2, and each lower fixing block 3.6 is vertically aligned with the corresponding upper fixing block 3.5. The connecting rod 3.4 passes through the upper fixing block 3.5 vertically, and the top of the connecting rod 3.4 is provided with a connecting rod cap. The upper part of the connecting rod 3.4 is fixedly connected to the upper fixing block 3.5 by welding. A connecting block 3.7 is welded and fixed on the connecting rod 3.4 and below the upper fixing block 3.5. The connecting block 3.7 has a sliding groove 3.7a for the insertion of the conversion connecting rod 3.3a. The sliding groove 3.7a is an elongated hole with its length direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the connecting rod 3.4. After the mold is closed, the lower end of the connecting rod 3.4 is inserted into the through hole of the lower fixing block 3.6. The connecting rod 3.4 and the lower fixing block 3.6 are clearance fit and can move vertically relative to the lower fixing block 3.6. The conversion link 3.3a is inserted into the sliding groove 3.7a, and the end of the conversion link 3.3a is threadedly connected to a nut 3.8 to prevent the conversion link 3.3a from falling out of the sliding groove. During the pre-tightening loading process, the ratchet is rotated clockwise, which drives the converter to deflect, thereby driving the conversion link to move around the ratchet's axis. Based on the guiding constraint of the sliding groove, the conversion link converts the rotational motion into horizontal displacement. At the same time, the converter 3.3 converts the rotational motion of the ratchet 3.1 into the vertical motion (downward motion) of the connecting rod 3.4. This drives the clamping plate loading device to move towards the die base side, thereby realizing the pre-tightening loading of the sheet metal to be formed. After loading is in place, the ratchet position is locked using a lever to prevent the ratchet from reversing (i.e., to prevent the connecting rod from moving upward). During unloading, the lever is moved to make the ratchet move in the opposite direction.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] This embodiment discloses a plate-type creep aging forming method based on ratchet device self-loading, which uses the plate-type creep aging forming mold in Embodiment 1 above to complete the creep aging forming of melon-shaped curved surface parts; the method specifically includes the following steps:

[0044] S1. Mold pre-assembly and feeding: First, assemble all the clamping plates of the die base 2. Fix the forming curved panel 2.2 on the top of the support base 2.1. Then, place the aluminum alloy sheet to be formed on the forming curved panel 2.2 and align the positioning marks to complete the placement of the sheet to be formed. Then, hoist the clamping plate loading device 1 to the top of the die base 2, so that the connecting rod 3.4 of each ratchet loading locking device 3 passes through the corresponding lower fixing block 3.6 from top to bottom. Thus, the position of the clamping plate loading device 1 relative to the die base 2 is initially determined by the cooperation of the connecting rod 3.4, and the mold closing is completed.

[0045] S2. Ratchet Preloading and Automatic Locking: Move the paddle 3.2 of each ratchet loading and locking device 3 to the side that allows the ratchet 3.1 to rotate in the loading direction. Then, rotate the ratchet 3.1 of the four ratchet loading and locking devices 3 in a symmetrical order. The rotation of the ratchet 3.1 drives the converter 3.3 to deflect. The converter 3.3 drives the conversion link 3.3a to rotate around the ratchet axis. While the conversion link 3.3a moves in the sliding groove 3.7a, it drives the connecting rod 3.4 to move downward, thereby driving the entire plate loading device 1 to move towards the die base 2, applying preloading pressure to the plate to be formed. As the ratchet 3.1 continues to rotate, the loading pressure gradually increases to the preset forming pressure. After the ratchet 3.1 stops rotating, the paddle 3.2 is engaged in the tooth groove of the ratchet 3.1 under the action of the torsion spring. Due to the unidirectional motion characteristic of the ratchet 3.1, the ratchet 3.1 cannot rotate in the opposite direction, automatically locking the position of the plate loading device 1 without the need to apply additional locking force or install additional locking components. The operation process is simple.

[0046] S3. Creep Aging Forming: After loading and locking, the entire assembled pallet-type creep aging forming mold is hoisted into the autoclave. The autoclave is closed, and the autoclave heating program is started, gradually increasing the temperature to 400-500℃ at a rate of 3-5℃ / min. After reaching the target temperature, it is held for 60-120 minutes, allowing the aluminum alloy sheet to creep under constant temperature and constant loading pressure, gradually conforming to the forming surface of the die base 2 to complete the forming process. After the holding period, the cooling program is started, gradually cooling to room temperature at a rate of 3-5℃ / min to complete the aging process. Preferably, the temperature is gradually increased to 450℃ at a rate of 4℃ / min, and held for 90 minutes after reaching the target temperature, allowing the aluminum alloy sheet to creep under constant temperature and constant loading pressure, gradually conforming to the forming surface of the die base 2 to complete the forming process. After the holding period, it is gradually cooled to room temperature at a rate of 3-5℃ / min.

[0047] S4. Demolding and Part Removal: After creep aging treatment, the mold is removed from the autoclave. The paddle 3.2 in each ratchet loading and locking device 3 is moved to the other side to release the reverse lock of the paddle 3.2 on the ratchet 3.1. Then, the ratchet 3.1 is rotated in the reverse direction, driving the converter 3.3 to deflect in the reverse direction. The converter 3.3 drives the connecting rod 3.4 to move upward, which in turn drives the pallet loading device 1 to move upward, realizing loading and unloading. Then, the molded part is removed from the mold, and finally, the melon petal aging molded part that meets the size requirements is obtained.

[0048] The plate-type creep aging forming method of this embodiment utilizes a ratchet loading and locking device to achieve autonomous locking during the loading process. It has the advantages of simple operation, high loading accuracy, stable locking, and low production cost, and is suitable for batch forming of large-sized melon-shaped curved surface parts.

[0049] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pallet-type creep aging forming mold based on a ratchet mechanism for self-loading, characterized in that, The system includes a squeegee loading device (1) and a die base (2). The squeegee loading device (1) is composed of several squeegees welded together, and its bottom forms a loading surface adapted to the concave surface of the aging-formed part. The die base (2) is located below the squeegee loading device (1) and is detachably connected to the squeegee loading device (1) through multiple ratchet loading locking devices (3). The ratchet loading locking device (3) includes a first locking part and a second locking part, which are respectively disposed on one side of the die base (2) and the squeegee loading device (1). The first locking part includes a ratchet (3.1), a paddle (3.2), and a converter (3.3). One end of the converter (3) is eccentrically connected to the ratchet (3.1), and the other end of the converter (3.3) is provided with a conversion link (3.3a); the second locking part includes a connecting block (3.7), on which a sliding groove (3.7a) is provided; after the mold is closed, the conversion link extends into the sliding groove; rotating the ratchet drives the converter to deflect, thereby driving the conversion link to move around the rotation axis of the ratchet; the conversion link is guided and constrained by the sliding groove to convert the rotational motion into a horizontal displacement, and synchronously drives the second locking part to move the clamping plate loading device toward the cavity mold base side, thereby realizing the pre-tightening loading of the plate to be formed; the paddle is used to lock the position of the ratchet.

2. The plate-type creep aging forming mold according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loading device (1) includes a plurality of first side plates (1.1) located around the device, a plurality of second side plates (1.2) located within the area enclosed by the plurality of first side plates (1.1), and a plurality of reinforcing inclined plates (1.3).

3. The plate-type creep aging forming mold according to claim 2, characterized in that, The loading device (1) further includes multiple transverse reinforcing plates (1.4) and multiple longitudinal reinforcing plates (1.5), which are connected to multiple first side plates (1.1) and multiple second side plates (1.2). In the forming area of ​​the plate to be formed, the number of reinforcing oblique plates (1.3) is greater in the area with a larger curvature of the plate to be formed than in other areas.

4. The plate-type creep aging forming mold according to claim 2, characterized in that, The die base (2) includes a support base (2.1) and a shaped curved panel (2.2) located on top of the support base (2.1). The support base (2.1) is composed of multiple base edge clamping plates (2.1a), multiple base transverse clamping plates (2.1b) and multiple base longitudinal clamping plates (2.1c).

5. The plate-type creep aging forming mold according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first side plate (1.1), the second side plate (1.2), the reinforcing oblique plate (1.3), the base side plate (2.1a), the base transverse plate (2.1b), and the base longitudinal plate (2.1c) are all perforated plates.

6. The plate-type creep aging forming mold according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first locking part further includes a lower fixing block (3.6), which is fixedly disposed on one side of the die base (2); the second locking part further includes a connecting rod (3.4) and an upper fixing block (3.5), which is fixedly disposed on one side of the plate loading device (1), the upper part of the connecting rod (3.4) is fixedly connected to the upper fixing block (3.5), and the lower part of the connecting rod (3.4) is movably connected to the lower fixing block (3.6); the connecting block (3.7) is disposed on the connecting rod (3.4) and between the upper fixing block (3.5) and the lower fixing block (3.6).

7. The plate-type creep aging forming mold according to claim 6, characterized in that, The conversion link (3.3a) is also provided with a nut (3.8) to prevent it from falling out of the sliding groove (3.7a).

8. The plate-type creep aging forming mold according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ratchet (3.1) and the paddle (3.2) are mounted on the lower fixing block (3.6); the connecting block (3.7) is welded to the connecting rod (3.4).

9. The plate-type creep aging forming mold according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of ratchet loading and locking devices (3) is four, and the four ratchet loading and locking devices (3) are located at the left and right ends of the front and rear sides of the molding die, respectively.

10. A plate-type creep aging molding method based on ratchet device self-loading, characterized in that, The method using the pallet-type creep aging molding die as described in any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: S1. Place the sheet material to be formed on the die base (2), and determine the position of the plate loading device (1) relative to the die base (2) through the connecting rod (3.4) of the ratchet loading locking device (3) to complete the mold closing; S2. Move the paddle (3.2) of each ratchet loading and locking device (3) to one side, rotate all ratchet (3.1), and drive the plate loading device (1) to move towards the die base (2) through the converter (3.3) and connecting rod (3.4) to preload the plate to be formed; after stopping the rotation of the ratchet (3.1), the paddle (3.2) locks the position of the ratchet (3.1), thereby locking the plate loading device (1) and the die base (2); S3. After loading and locking are completed, place the entire plate-type creep aging molding mold into a hot autoclave, heat it to 400-500°C at a heating rate of 3-5°C / min, and hold it at that temperature for 60-120 minutes. After holding, cool it to room temperature at a cooling rate of 3-5°C / min. S4. Move the paddles (3.2) of all the ratchet loading locking devices (3) to the other side to unload, and finally obtain the melon petal aging molded part.

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