A forming apparatus and method for improving the uniformity of the structure of an alloy disc

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of high-temperature alloy disc manufacturing, and particularly relates to a forming device and method for improving the uniformity of alloy disc structure. The device comprises a vacuum melting continuous directional solidification furnace and N sets of forging grain refinement dies. The vacuum melting continuous directional solidification furnace comprises a furnace body, a furnace cover, an ultrasonic vibration assembly and a roller type drawing mechanism. The furnace cover is arranged on the top of the furnace body. The lower part of the furnace body is provided with a liquid outlet and a water-cooled crystallization zone communicated with the liquid outlet. The ultrasonic vibration assembly is arranged in the furnace body and used for ultrasonic vibration on the liquid-solid phase change zone of the high-temperature alloy. The roller type drawing mechanism is used for drawing the cast alloy bar. The N sets of forging grain refinement dies are used for step-by-step forging of the cast alloy bar to obtain a turbine disc component. The application can effectively prepare alloy initial bars with uniform composition and dense structure. Through multi-directional deformation and gradient grain refinement, the uniformity of the turbine disc component is significantly improved, and the mechanical property dispersion is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of high-temperature alloy disc manufacturing technology, and specifically relates to a forming device and method for improving the uniformity of the microstructure of alloy discs. Background Technology

[0002] Vacuum melting and continuous directional solidification equipment is a key piece of equipment for preparing alloy materials such as high-temperature alloys, stainless steel, titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, and composite materials. It can effectively suppress the segregation of alloying elements and the agglomeration of components in composite materials, significantly improving the uniformity of material composition. However, due to the limitations of the directional solidification process, the diameter of the bars produced by existing equipment has a significant upper limit: for example, the diameter of directional solidified bars of high-temperature alloy GH4169 can only reach Φ270mm, and the diameter of directional solidified bars of aluminum-copper eutectic alloy can only reach Φ150mm. This size limitation is essentially a compromise made to reduce component segregation during the solidification process.

[0003] Alloy ingots prepared using the above process are typically slender cylindrical, facing multiple technical bottlenecks in subsequent disc forging processing: Firstly, the significant morphological difference between slender ingots and disc forgings poses a severe challenge to the forming process; secondly, in existing forging technologies, grain refinement and microstructure homogenization can only be achieved through repeated iterations of "upsetting-drawing" when the length-to-diameter ratio of the ingot is less than 2.6. For slender ingots with a length-to-diameter ratio greater than 2.6, there is currently no mature industrial processing method, making it impossible to achieve stable grain refinement and microstructure homogenization control, severely restricting the large-scale application of directionally solidified alloys in disc forgings. Therefore, addressing the shortcomings of the existing technology, a new technical solution is urgently needed to solve the problems of poor microstructure homogenization and lack of mature industrial processing methods in the preparation of disc forgings from slender directionally solidified ingots. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a forming apparatus and method for improving the uniformity of the microstructure of alloy discs. This invention addresses the technical challenge that slender alloy ingots prepared by existing vacuum melting and continuous directional solidification processes cannot achieve grain refinement and microstructure uniformity through conventional forging processes due to their excessively large length-to-diameter ratio. The goal is to achieve the industrial-scale stable preparation of alloy discs with high microstructure uniformity.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a forming apparatus for improving the uniformity of the microstructure of alloy discs, comprising a vacuum melting continuous directional solidification furnace and N sets of forging grain refinement molds;

[0007] The vacuum melting continuous directional solidification furnace includes a furnace body, a furnace cover, an ultrasonic vibration component, and a roller-type drawing mechanism. The furnace cover is located at the top of the furnace body, and the lower part of the furnace body has a liquid outlet and a water-cooled crystallization zone connected to the liquid outlet. The ultrasonic vibration component is located inside the furnace body and is used to ultrasonically vibrate the high-temperature alloy liquid solid-phase change zone between the liquid outlet and the water-cooled crystallization zone. The casting alloy melt continuously and directionally solidifies through the water-cooled crystallization zone to obtain casting alloy bars. The roller-type drawing mechanism is located outside the water-cooled crystallization zone and is used to draw the casting alloy bars.

[0008] The height of the forging cavity of N sets of forging grain refinement dies gradually decreases, while the diameter gradually increases. N sets of forging grain refinement dies are used to forge the cast alloy bar material step by step, ultimately obtaining a turbine disk component with a central hole.

[0009] The ultrasonic vibration assembly includes a hollow column, an ultrasonic transducer, and an ultrasonic amplitude transformer. The hollow column is disposed inside the furnace body and its upper end is connected to the furnace cover. The ultrasonic transducer is disposed inside the hollow column. The ultrasonic amplitude transformer passes through the side wall of the hollow column, with one end connected to the ultrasonic transducer and the other end passing through the liquid outlet of the furnace body and contacting the solid-phase change zone of the high-temperature alloy liquid.

[0010] The other end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer is an elliptical sphere.

[0011] The water-cooled crystallization zone is equipped with a water-cooled crystallization copper sleeve.

[0012] An electromagnetic stirring module and heating and water-cooling coils are provided on the outside of the furnace body. The heating and water-cooling coils are used to control the temperature of the casting alloy melt in the furnace body. The electromagnetic stirring module is used to electromagnetically stir the casting alloy melt in the furnace body.

[0013] The furnace cover is equipped with an atmosphere and pressure control module, a control module, and a feeding module. The atmosphere and pressure control module is used to control the air pressure inside the furnace; the feeding module is used to fill the furnace with material; and the control module is used to control each module.

[0014] The roller-type drawing mechanism includes a support frame and multiple sets of rollers arranged on the support frame. Each set of rollers includes two rollers that clamp the two sides of the cast alloy bar. The two rollers rotate to draw the cast alloy bar outward.

[0015] The forging grain refinement mold includes a base, an upper die, a lower die, a forging head, an upper pressure rod, a lower pressure rod, and pads. The forging head, upper die, and lower die are arranged sequentially on the base from top to bottom. The base is equipped with three servo drives, which are used to drive the forging head, upper die, and lower die to move up and down. The upper die and lower die are provided with stepped holes along the axial direction. The upper pressure rod and lower pressure rod slide in the stepped holes of the upper die and lower die, respectively. The upper end of the upper pressure rod is connected to the forging head, and the lower end of the lower pressure rod is connected to the base. After the upper die and lower die are closed, a closed forging cavity is formed. The cast alloy bar is placed in the forging cavity, and a preset number of pads are placed between the lower end of the cast alloy bar and the lower pressure rod, and between the upper end of the cast alloy bar and the upper pressure rod.

[0016] The sidewalls of the upper and lower dies are equipped with heating coils and temperature control sensors, wherein the heating coils are used to provide the forging temperature and the temperature control sensors are used to detect the forging temperature.

[0017] Another aspect of the present invention provides a forming method for improving the microstructure uniformity of an alloy disc using the apparatus described above, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Step S1: Prepare casting alloy bars using a vacuum melting continuous directional solidification furnace;

[0019] Step S2: After drawing the cast alloy bar prepared in step S1, conduct quality inspection.

[0020] Step S3: Cut the qualified cast alloy bars according to the design dimensions and weigh and verify them to prepare cylindrical forging billets;

[0021] Step S4: Heat the cylindrical forging billet to the forging temperature range;

[0022] Step S5: Insert the heated cylindrical forging billet into the first set of forging grain refinement molds to perform initial grain refinement forging, and pre-shape the cylindrical forging billet into an olive-shaped forging billet;

[0023] Step S6: Place pads on the upper and lower end faces of the olive-shaped forging billet, and perform repeated forging by interchanging the number and / or position of the pads to break up the casting dendrite structure inside the billet and achieve grain refinement.

[0024] Step S7: The olive-shaped forging billet is continuously forged through N sets of forging grain refinement dies to finally form a turbine disk component with a central hole; where N≥2.

[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:

[0026] 1. Segregation suppression and low-cost preparation: The use of a vacuum melting continuous directional solidification furnace can effectively alleviate the segregation problem of high-temperature alloying elements; compared with the existing three-stage production process, it significantly reduces equipment investment costs and achieves low-cost, high-quality alloy preparation.

[0027] 2. High-efficiency ultrasonic crystallization: The ultrasonic amplitude transformer head is designed with an elliptical spherical structure, which can precisely fit with the convex surface of the liquid-solid phase transformation zone of high-temperature alloys, greatly improving the energy transfer efficiency of ultrasonic waves in the crystallization and agglomeration region, and effectively solving the problems of severe ultrasonic energy attenuation and low crystallization efficiency in existing technologies.

[0028] 3. Optimize the direction of ultrasonic vibration: The amplitude direction of the non-head region of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer is tangent to the high-temperature alloy liquid, rather than the traditional orthogonal direction, which can reduce the ineffective loss of vibration energy and further enhance the control effect of ultrasound on the solidification process.

[0029] 4. Uniform grain refinement with controllable shape: By using N sets of forging grain refinement dies, controllable grain refinement with controllable shape is achieved; compared with the existing "upsetting and drawing combined free forging" process, the uniformity of grain structure is significantly improved, and the problem of uneven grain distribution in traditional forging is solved.

[0030] 5. Heating function adapted to narrow forging temperature range: The integrated heating function of N sets of forging grain refinement dies can effectively inherit the beneficial effects of isothermal forging, avoid the characteristic of the narrow forging temperature range of high temperature alloys, and greatly improve the stability and operability of the forging process.

[0031] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the vacuum melting continuous directional solidification furnace in this invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the vacuum melting continuous directional solidification furnace in this invention;

[0036] Figure 3This is an isometric view of the forging grain refinement mold in this invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the forging grain refinement mold in this invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the first stage of forging in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the Nth stage forging in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] In the diagram: 101. Furnace body; 102. Furnace cover; 103. Control module; 104. Feeding module; 105. Atmosphere and pressure control module; 106. Roller-type drawing mechanism; 107. Hollow column; 108. Ultrasonic transducer; 109. Ultrasonic amplitude transformer; 110. Heating and water-cooling coil; 111. Electromagnetic stirring module; 112. Water-cooled crystallizing copper sleeve; 2. Protective atmosphere chamber; 301. Cast alloy molten surface; 302. Cast alloy molten liquid; 3 03. High-temperature alloy liquid solid-phase change zone; 304. Cast alloy bar; 305. Crystal guide rod; 4. Cylindrical forging billet; 501. Base; 502. Upper die; 503. Lower die; 504. Forging head; 505. Upper pressure rod; 506. Lower pressure rod; 507. Pad; 508. Small hole in upper die; 509. Large hole in upper die; 510. Large hole in lower die; 511. Small hole in lower die; 512. Transition fillet; 6. Olive-shaped forging billet; 7. Turbine disk component. Detailed Implementation

[0041] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0043] See Figures 1 to 6As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a forming apparatus for improving the uniformity of the microstructure of alloy discs, including a vacuum melting continuous directional solidification furnace and N sets of forging grain refinement dies; the vacuum melting continuous directional solidification furnace includes a furnace body 101, a furnace cover 102, an ultrasonic vibration assembly, and a roller-type drawing mechanism 106, wherein the furnace cover 102 is disposed on the top of the furnace body 101, the lower part of the furnace body 101 is provided with a liquid outlet and a water-cooled crystallization zone communicating with the liquid outlet, and the ultrasonic vibration assembly is disposed inside the furnace body 101 for inducing the high-temperature alloy liquid-solid phase transformation between the liquid outlet and the water-cooled crystallization zone. Ultrasonic vibration is performed in the cooling zone 303, and the casting alloy melt 302 in the furnace body 101 flows to the water-cooled crystallization zone through the outlet. Continuous directional solidification is carried out in the water-cooled crystallization zone to finally obtain the casting alloy bar 304. The roller-type drawing mechanism 106 is set on the outside of the water-cooled crystallization zone and is used to draw the casting alloy bar 304. The height of the forging cavity of N sets of forging grain refinement dies gradually decreases and the diameter gradually increases. N sets of forging grain refinement dies are used to forge the casting alloy bar 304 step by step to finally obtain the turbine disk component 7 with a central hole, N≥2.

[0044] See Figure 2 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasonic vibration assembly includes a hollow column 107, an ultrasonic transducer 108, and an ultrasonic amplitude transformer 109. The hollow column 107 is disposed inside the furnace body 101 and its upper end is connected to the furnace cover 102. The ultrasonic transducer 108 is disposed inside the hollow column 107. The ultrasonic amplitude transformer 109 penetrates the side wall of the hollow column 107, and one end is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 108, while the other end passes through the liquid outlet of the furnace body 101 and contacts the high-temperature alloy liquid solid-phase change zone 303.

[0045] Furthermore, the ultrasonic transducer 108 is a piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer; the other end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 109 is an elliptical sphere, that is, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 109 is lollipop shaped, and the elliptical sphere fits into the convex surface of the high-temperature alloy liquid-solid phase change zone 303, effectively improving the crystallization efficiency.

[0046] Specifically, the water-cooled crystallization zone is equipped with a water-cooled crystallization copper sleeve 112. The copper sleeve 112 is used for cooling and solidification by circulating water to obtain columnar crystal rods that grow continuously along the axial direction, thereby reducing initial segregation.

[0047] Furthermore, an electromagnetic stirring module 111 and a heating and water-cooling coil 110 are provided on the outer side of the furnace body 101. The heating and water-cooling coil 110 is used to control the temperature of the casting alloy molten liquid 302 inside the furnace body 101. The electromagnetic stirring module 111 is used to electromagnetically stir the casting alloy molten liquid 302 inside the furnace body 101. An atmosphere and pressure control module 105, a control module 103, and a feeding module 104 are provided on the furnace cover 102. The atmosphere and pressure control module 105 is used to control the air pressure inside the furnace body 101. The feeding module 104 is used to fill the furnace body 101 with filler material. The control module 103 is used to control each module.

[0048] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the roller-type drawing mechanism 106 includes a support frame and multiple sets of rollers disposed on the support frame. Each set of rollers includes two rollers clamping both sides of the cast alloy bar 304. The two rollers rotate outward to draw the cast alloy bar 304. In addition to drawing the cast alloy bar 304, the roller-type drawing mechanism 106 can also be used to install a crystal guide rod 305.

[0049] In this embodiment, the casting alloy raw material is preferably, but not limited to, high-temperature alloys, such as GH4169, GH4738, and GH4141, or other materials such as titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, and composite materials. The composite material can be silicon carbide reinforced fiber aluminum matrix composite material.

[0050] With the furnace lid 102 open, a high-temperature alloy master alloy is added into the furnace body 101. The feeding module 104 can add various trace metal elements, desulfurized magnesium oxide powder, or reinforcing silicon carbide fibers, or any other existing alloy casting and smelting process materials during the melting process. The atmosphere and pressure control module 105 can create a vacuum degassing or positive pressure argon protection within the protective atmosphere chamber 2 of the furnace body 101; the control module 103 can control the entire process. During operation, the heating and water-cooling coils 110 heat the casting alloy molten liquid 302 via an electromagnetic field, the protective gas in the protective atmosphere chamber 2 pressurizes the surface 301 of the casting alloy molten liquid, and the electromagnetic stirring module 111 electromagnetically stirs the casting alloy molten liquid 302 to improve elemental or fiber uniformity. The water-cooled crystallizing copper sleeve 112 transforms the casting alloy molten liquid 302 into casting alloy rods 304 through the high-temperature alloy liquid-solid phase change zone 303.

[0051] See Figures 3 to 6As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the forging grain refinement mold includes a base 501, an upper die 502, a lower die 503, a forging head 504, an upper pressure rod 505, a lower pressure rod 506, and a pad 507. The forging head 504, the upper die 502, and the lower die 503 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom on the base 501. The base 501 is equipped with three sets of servo drives, which are used to drive the forging head 504, the upper die 502, and the lower die 503 to move up and down, respectively. The upper die 502 and the lower die 503 are both provided with steps along the axial direction. The upper pressure rod 505 and the lower pressure rod 506 are slidably engaged with the stepped holes of the upper die 502 and the lower die 503, respectively. The upper end of the upper pressure rod 505 is connected to the forging head 504, and the lower end of the lower pressure rod 506 is connected to the base 501. After the upper die 502 and the lower die 503 are closed, a closed forging cavity is formed. The casting alloy bar 304 is placed in the forging cavity, and a preset number of pads 507 are placed between the lower end of the casting alloy bar 304 and the lower pressure rod 506 and between the upper end of the casting alloy bar 304 and the upper pressure rod 505.

[0052] Furthermore, the sidewalls of the upper die 502 and the lower die 503 are provided with heating coils and temperature control sensors, wherein the heating coils are used to provide the forging temperature and the temperature control sensors are used to detect the forging temperature, so that the forging process is completed in a constant temperature environment.

[0053] Specifically, the inner cavity of the upper die 502 consists of a continuous upper die small hole 508 and an upper die large hole 509; the inner cavity of the lower die 503 consists of a continuous lower die large hole 510 and a lower die small hole 511. After the upper die 502 and the lower die 503 are closed, the upper die large hole 509 and the lower die large hole 510 form a forging cavity. The upper die small hole 508 and the lower die small hole 511 are used to accommodate the upper pressure rod 505 and the lower pressure rod 506, respectively, and the transition between the large hole and the small hole includes a transition fillet 512. The olive-shaped forging blank 6 is tapered at both ends and coarse in the middle, and contains a transition arc. The olive-shaped forging blank 6 fills part of the inner cavity of the upper die 502 and the lower die 503. The difference between the N sets of forging grain refinement dies is that the diameter gradient of the upper die large hole 509 and the lower die large hole 510 increases, while the height gradient decreases.

[0054] An embodiment of the present invention provides a forming apparatus for improving the microstructure uniformity of alloy disk components. Through the synergistic effect of a vacuum melting continuous directional solidification furnace and multiple sets of forging grain refiners, it can effectively prepare alloy initial bars with uniform composition and dense microstructure. Through multi-directional deformation and gradient grain refinement, it significantly improves the microstructure uniformity of turbine disk components, reduces the dispersion of mechanical properties, and solves the problems of insufficient dendrite breakage, large microstructure differences, and insufficient service reliability of disk components formed by existing devices. At the same time, the device has strong process compatibility and stable operation, which can reduce the scrap rate of forgings, realize efficient mass production, and meet the requirements of high performance and low cost.

[0055] See Figures 1 to 6As shown, another embodiment of the present invention provides a forming method for improving the uniformity of the microstructure of an alloy disc using the device described above, comprising the following steps:

[0056] Step S1: Prepare 304 cast alloy bars using a vacuum melting continuous directional solidification furnace; process parameters are: refining temperature 1615℃~1645℃, bar diameter φ270mm, melting vacuum degree <5×10⁻ 3 The bar was cooled and solidified using a copper sleeve water cooling method.

[0057] Step S2: After drawing the 304 cast alloy bar prepared in step S1, conduct a quality inspection to confirm that the quality of the bar meets the standard requirements for forging billets.

[0058] Step S3: Cut the qualified cast alloy bar 304 according to the design dimensions and weigh and verify it to prepare a cylindrical forging billet 4;

[0059] Step S4: Heat the cylindrical forging billet 4 to the forging temperature range;

[0060] Step S5: Insert the heated cylindrical forging billet 4 into the first set of forging grain refinement molds to perform initial grain refinement forging, initially break the casting dendrites, refine the grain structure, and pre-form the cylindrical forging billet 4 into an olive-shaped forging billet 6.

[0061] Step S6: Place pads 507 on the upper and lower end faces of the olive-shaped forging billet 6, and perform repeated forging by exchanging the number and / or position of the pads to break up the casting dendrite structure inside the billet and achieve grain refinement.

[0062] Step S7: The olive-shaped forging billet 6 is continuously forged through N sets of forging grain refinement dies to finally form a turbine disk component 7 with a central hole; wherein, N≥2.

[0063] This invention employs a vacuum melting and continuous directional solidification process, which effectively suppresses the segregation of high-temperature alloying elements and significantly reduces equipment investment compared to existing three-stage production processes. Combined with an optimized ultrasonic crystallization refinement design, energy transfer efficiency is significantly improved, solving the problems of severe energy attenuation and low refinement efficiency in traditional ultrasonic processes. Controllable grain refinement with shape control is achieved through N sets of forging grain refinement dies. Compared to traditional upsetting and drawing free forging, the uniformity of grain structure is significantly improved, solving the problem of processing slender ingots. The device integrates heating functionality, inheriting the advantages of isothermal forging, effectively avoiding the narrow forgeable temperature range of high-temperature alloys, and greatly improving process stability and industrial feasibility.

[0064] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A forming apparatus for improving the uniformity of the microstructure of alloy discs, characterized in that, include: Vacuum melting continuous directional solidification furnace: includes furnace body (101), furnace cover (102), ultrasonic vibration component and roller-type drawing mechanism (106), wherein the furnace cover (102) is located on the top of the furnace body (101), the lower part of the furnace body (101) is provided with liquid outlet and water-cooled crystallization zone connected to the liquid outlet, the ultrasonic vibration component is located inside the furnace body (101) and is used to ultrasonically vibrate the high-temperature alloy liquid-solid phase change zone (303) between the liquid outlet and the water-cooled crystallization zone, the casting alloy melt (302) is continuously directionally solidified through the water-cooled crystallization zone to obtain casting alloy bar (304); the roller-type drawing mechanism (106) is located on the outside of the water-cooled crystallization zone and is used to draw the casting alloy bar (304); N sets of forging grain refinement dies: the height of the forging cavity gradually decreases and the diameter gradually increases; N sets of forging grain refinement dies are used to forge the cast alloy bar (304) step by step to finally obtain a turbine disk component (7) with a central hole.

2. The forming apparatus for improving the uniformity of the microstructure of alloy discs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic vibration assembly includes a hollow column (107), an ultrasonic transducer (108), and an ultrasonic amplitude transformer (109). The hollow column (107) is disposed inside the furnace body (101) and its upper end is connected to the furnace cover (102). The ultrasonic transducer (108) is disposed inside the hollow column (107). The ultrasonic amplitude transformer (109) penetrates the side wall of the hollow column (107), and one end is connected to the ultrasonic transducer (108). The other end passes through the liquid outlet of the furnace body (101) and contacts the high-temperature alloy liquid solid-phase change zone (303).

3. The forming apparatus for improving the uniformity of the microstructure of alloy discs according to claim 2, characterized in that, The other end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (109) is an elliptical sphere.

4. The forming apparatus for improving the uniformity of the microstructure of alloy discs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-cooled crystallization zone is equipped with a water-cooled crystallization copper sleeve (112).

5. The forming apparatus for improving the uniformity of the microstructure of alloy discs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The furnace body (101) is provided with an electromagnetic stirring module (111) and a heating and water cooling coil (110) on the outside. The heating and water cooling coil (110) is used to control the temperature of the casting alloy melt (302) inside the furnace body (101). The electromagnetic stirring module (111) is used to electromagnetically stir the casting alloy melt (302) inside the furnace body (101).

6. The forming apparatus for improving the uniformity of the microstructure of alloy discs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The furnace cover (102) is provided with an atmosphere and pressure control module (105), a control module (103) and a feeding module (104), wherein the atmosphere and pressure control module (105) is used to control the air pressure inside the furnace body (101); the feeding module (104) is used to fill the furnace body (101) with filling material; and the control module (103) is used to control each module.

7. The forming apparatus for improving the uniformity of the microstructure of alloy discs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The roller-type drawing mechanism (106) includes a support frame and multiple sets of rollers arranged on the support frame. Each set of rollers includes two rollers that clamp the two sides of the cast alloy bar (304). The two rollers rotate to pull the cast alloy bar (304) outward.

8. The forming apparatus for improving the uniformity of the microstructure of alloy discs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The forging grain refinement mold includes a base (501), an upper mold (502), a lower mold (503), a forging head (504), an upper pressure rod (505), a lower pressure rod (506), and a pad (507). The forging head (504), upper mold (502), and lower mold (503) are arranged sequentially from top to bottom on the base (501). The base (501) is equipped with three sets of servo drives, which are used to drive the forging head (504), upper mold (502), and lower mold (503) to move up and down respectively. The upper mold (502) and lower mold (503) are provided with stepped holes along the axial direction. The upper pressure rod (504) is provided with a step hole along the axial direction. 05) and the lower pressure rod (506) are slidably engaged with the stepped holes of the upper die (502) and the lower die (503), respectively. The upper end of the upper pressure rod (505) is connected to the forging head (504), and the lower end of the lower pressure rod (506) is connected to the base (501). After the upper die (502) and the lower die (503) are closed, a closed forging cavity is formed. The cast alloy bar (304) is placed in the forging cavity, and a preset number of pads (507) are placed between the lower end of the cast alloy bar (304) and the lower pressure rod (506) and between the upper end of the cast alloy bar (304) and the upper pressure rod (505).

9. The forming apparatus for improving the uniformity of the microstructure of alloy discs according to claim 8, characterized in that, The sidewalls of the upper die (502) and the lower die (503) are provided with heating coils and temperature control sensors, wherein the heating coils are used to provide forging temperature and the temperature control sensors are used to detect forging temperature.

10. A forming method for improving the uniformity of microstructure of an alloy disc using the apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Prepare casting alloy bars (304) using a vacuum melting continuous directional solidification furnace. Step S2: After drawing the cast alloy bar (304) prepared in step S1, conduct quality inspection; Step S3: Cut the qualified cast alloy bar (304) according to the design dimensions and weigh and verify it to prepare a cylindrical forging billet (4). Step S4: Heat the cylindrical forging billet (4) to the forging temperature range; Step S5: Insert the heated cylindrical forging billet (4) into the first set of forging grain refinement molds to perform initial grain refinement forging, and pre-form the cylindrical forging billet (4) into an olive-shaped forging billet (6). Step S6: Place pads (507) on the upper and lower end faces of the olive-shaped forging billet (6), and perform repeated forging by exchanging the number and / or position of the pads to break up the casting dendrite structure inside the billet and achieve grain refinement. Step S7: The olive-shaped forging billet (6) is continuously forged through N sets of forging grain refinement dies to finally form a turbine disk component (7) with a central hole; where N≥2.

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