A metal vapor-based pulsed hybrid magnetic field GMAW welding apparatus and method

Abstract

The application provides a metal vapor-based pulse composite magnetic field GMAW welding device and method, relates to the technical field of welding magnetic field regulation, and comprises a mounting base, a mounting column, a welding device body, a welding gun head, a connecting magnetic ring, a spectrum acquisition head and a material placing plate. The connecting magnetic ring is fixed outside the welding gun head through a connecting piece, a magnetic field coil and a connecting magnetic block are arranged inside the connecting magnetic ring, and the connecting magnetic block is used for forming a pulse composite magnetic field in a welding area; a plurality of groups of spectrum acquisition heads are arranged in a ring shape at the outer periphery of the welding gun head, and angle adjustment is realized through a rotating frame, a connecting arm, a fixed U-shaped plate, a pulling arm, a pushing pulling plate, a rotating sleeve and a rotating head, so that the spectrum acquisition heads can point to a metal vapor area along with the change of the posture of the welding gun. The material placing plate and the detector are used for carrying a welding workpiece and assisting in detecting a welding state, so as to improve the metal vapor monitoring accuracy and the magnetic field regulation adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of GMAW welding equipment and methods based on pulsed composite magnetic field of metal vapor, and particularly to a GMAW welding equipment and method based on pulsed composite magnetic field of metal vapor. Background Technology

[0002] Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is a commonly used welding method in the manufacture of metal structural components, widely applied in fields such as rail transit equipment, building steel structures, engineering machinery, and shipbuilding. During GMAW welding, the welding wire and base metal melt under the heat of the electric arc to form a molten pool, while a certain amount of metal vapor is generated in the welding area. The concentration, distribution, and fluctuation of the metal vapor affect the arc morphology, droplet transfer, and molten pool flow, thus directly influencing the weld formation quality.

[0003] In existing technologies, to improve weld formation stability, a magnetic field generating structure is typically placed near the welding torch tip to assist in the control of the electric arc, molten droplets, or molten pool metal through an external magnetic field. Other technologies use spectral sensors to collect spectral signals from the welding area to determine the state of metal vapor during welding. However, existing magnetic field generating structures and spectral acquisition structures are mostly installed independently. The magnetic field generating structure is usually fixed around the welding torch, and the spectral acquisition head is often angled at a fixed point towards the welding area. When the welding torch posture changes, the welding position shifts, or the height of the welded workpiece is inconsistent, the spectral acquisition head is prone to deviating from the concentrated metal vapor area, resulting in the acquired spectral signal not accurately reflecting the actual state of metal vapor above the molten pool. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pulsed composite magnetic field GMAW welding device and method based on metal vapor, which can solve the problem that the spectral acquisition head and magnetic field generating structure of existing GMAW welding equipment are mostly fixed, and when the welding torch posture changes or the welding position shifts, it is difficult for the spectral acquisition area and the magnetic field action area to keep in correspondence, resulting in insufficient accuracy of metal vapor monitoring and insufficient stability of pulsed composite magnetic field control.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a pulsed composite magnetic field GMAW welding device based on metal vapor, comprising a mounting base, a mounting column, a welding device body, a welding torch head, a connecting magnetic ring, a connector, a spectral acquisition head, an angle adjustment component, and a support component. The mounting column is fixedly connected to the outer top of the mounting base, the welding device body is mounted on the inner top of the mounting column, and the welding torch head is mounted on the outer bottom of the welding device body. The connecting magnetic ring is disposed on the outer side of the welding torch head, and the connector is disposed on one side of the connecting magnetic ring, serving to fix the connecting magnetic ring to the outer side of the welding torch head. Multiple sets of spectral acquisition heads are arranged in a ring around the outer periphery of the welding torch head, and the angle adjustment component is disposed on the inner side of the connecting magnetic ring, serving to adjust the angle of the multiple sets of spectral acquisition heads. The support component is disposed on the upper surface of the mounting base, serving to support the workpiece to be welded and to assist in detecting the welding status.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the connector includes a connecting plate, a connecting post, a base plate, a fixing angle, a magnetic field coil, and a connecting magnetic block. The connecting plate is fixedly connected to the outside of the welding gun head, the connecting post is fixedly connected to one side of the connecting plate, the base plate is fixedly connected to the outside of the bottom end of the connecting post, the fixing angle is fixedly connected to the outside of the end of the base plate, and one side of the fixing angle is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the connecting magnetic ring. Through the cooperation of the connecting plate, connecting post, base plate, and fixing angle, the connecting magnetic ring can be stably installed on the outside of the welding gun head, reducing the displacement of the connecting magnetic ring caused by vibration or posture changes during welding. The magnetic field coil is fixedly connected to the inside of the connecting magnetic ring in a ring shape, and the connecting magnetic block is fixedly connected to the outside of the end of the magnetic field coil. After a pulsed current is applied to the magnetic field coil, it can cooperate with the connecting magnetic block to form a pulsed composite magnetic field in the welding area.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the angle adjustment component includes a rotating frame, a connecting arm, a fixed U-plate, a pulling arm, a pushing plate, and a through hole. The rotating frame is rotatably connected to the inner end of the base plate, and the spectral acquisition head is mounted on the inner end of the rotating frame. The connecting arm is fixedly connected to the inner end of the rotating frame, the fixed U-plate is fixedly connected to the outer side of the connecting arm, and the pulling arm is rotatably connected to the inner end of the fixed U-plate. The pushing plate is located on the outer side of the welding gun head, and the outer end of the pulling arm is rotatably connected to the inner end of the pushing plate. The through hole is located on the inner side of the middle of the pushing plate, and the welding gun head passes through the inner side of the through hole. By moving the pushing plate, the rotating frame can be rotated via the pulling arm, the fixed U-plate, and the connecting arm, thereby achieving synchronous adjustment of the acquisition angle of the spectral acquisition head.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, an elliptical through-hole is provided on the inner side of the end of the connecting plate, and the connecting arm is disposed inside the elliptical through-hole. The elliptical through-hole provides clearance for the swinging of the connecting arm, making it less likely for the rotating frame to interfere with the connecting plate during rotation adjustment, thereby ensuring the smoothness of the spectral acquisition head angle adjustment process.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the angle adjustment component further includes a rotating sleeve and a rotating head. The rotating sleeve is rotatably connected to one side of the push plate, and the outer side of the rotating sleeve is threadedly connected to the inner side of the middle portion of the base plate. The rotating head is fixedly connected to the outer side of the bottom end of the rotating sleeve. By rotating the rotating head, the rotating sleeve can be driven to produce axial displacement relative to the base plate, thereby pushing or pulling the push plate to move, so that the angles of the multiple sets of spectral acquisition heads can be adjusted according to the welding torch head posture or the welding area position.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the support includes a material placement plate and a slide rail. The material placement plate is mounted on the upper surface of the mounting base, and the slide rail is slidably connected to one side of the material placement plate. The material placement plate can support the workpiece to be welded, and the slide rail can provide a guiding foundation for adjusting the workpiece position or the detection position, ensuring a good correspondence between the welding torch head, the spectral acquisition head, and the area to be welded.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, a detector is mounted on the outer side of one end of the material placement plate. The detector can assist in the detection of the state of the workpiece or welding area, enabling the equipment to judge and control the welding process in conjunction with the metal vapor information collected by the spectral acquisition head.

[0012] This invention also provides a pulsed composite magnetic field GMAW welding method based on metal vapor, using the aforementioned pulsed composite magnetic field GMAW welding equipment based on metal vapor. In use, the workpiece to be welded is first placed on the placement plate, aligning the welding torch head with the area to be welded. Then, a connecting magnetic ring is fixed to the outside of the welding torch head via a connector, arranging the magnetic field coil and connecting magnetic block around the welding torch head. The acquisition angles of multiple sets of spectral acquisition heads are then adjusted via a rotating head, rotating sleeve, pushing pull plate, pulling arm, fixed U-plate, connecting arm, and rotating frame. During welding, the welding equipment body performs GMAW welding through the welding torch head. The magnetic field coil, in conjunction with the connecting magnetic block, forms a pulsed composite magnetic field. Multiple sets of spectral acquisition heads acquire metal vapor spectral information, and a detector assists in detecting the state of the welding area. Based on the acquisition results, the angle of the spectral acquisition head or the excitation parameters of the magnetic field coil are adjusted.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: By setting mounting columns, the welding equipment body, and the welding torch head on the mounting base, a stable foundation for GMAW welding execution can be formed. By placing the connecting magnetic ring on the outside of the welding torch head and fixing it with connectors, the magnetic field generating structure can move synchronously with the welding torch head and be positioned closer to the welding area, reducing the deviation between the magnetic field's position and the welding area. By arranging multiple sets of spectral acquisition heads in a ring around the outer periphery of the welding torch head and providing angle adjustment components to adjust the angles of these heads, the acquisition direction can be adjusted according to changes in the welding torch head's posture or the distribution of metal vapor, thereby improving the accuracy of metal vapor signal acquisition. Simultaneously, a support member on the upper surface of the mounting base supports the workpiece to be welded, ensuring a good correspondence between the welding torch head, the connecting magnetic ring, the spectral acquisition heads, and the area to be welded. Therefore, the overall structure defined in the claims solves the problems of fixed spectral acquisition structures and magnetic field generating structures being unable to adapt to changes in the welding torch's posture and the difficulty in aligning the metal vapor acquisition area with the magnetic field's position, improving the reliability of GMAW welding process monitoring based on metal vapor and the stability of pulsed composite magnetic field control. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a pulsed composite magnetic field GMAW welding device and method based on metal vapor provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the connecting plate and connecting column in a pulsed composite magnetic field GMAW welding equipment and method based on metal vapor provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure connecting the magnetic block and the magnetic field coil in a pulsed composite magnetic field GMAW welding equipment and method based on metal vapor provided by the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the connecting arm and the fixed U-plate in a pulsed composite magnetic field GMAW welding equipment and method based on metal vapor provided by the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the push plate and the through hole in a pulsed composite magnetic field GMAW welding equipment and method based on metal vapor provided by the present invention.

[0015] Legend: 1. Mounting base; 101. Mounting column; 102. Welding equipment body; 103. Welding gun head; 2. Connecting magnetic ring; 201. Connecting plate; 202. Connecting column; 203. Base plate; 204. Fixed angle; 205. Connecting magnetic block; 206. Magnetic field coil; 3. Spectrum acquisition head; 301. Rotating frame; 302. Connecting arm; 303. Fixed U-plate; 304. Pulling arm; 305. Pushing pull plate; 306. Through hole; 307. Elliptical through hole; 308. Rotating sleeve; 309. Rotating head; 4. Material placement plate; 401. Slide rail; 402. Detector. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0017] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 5 This embodiment provides a pulsed composite magnetic field GMAW welding device and method based on metal vapor, the specific idea of ​​which is as follows: A pulsed composite magnetic field GMAW welding device based on metal vapor includes a mounting base 1. The device also includes a mounting column 101, a welding device body 102, a welding torch head 103, a connecting magnetic ring 2, a connector, a spectral acquisition head 3, and an angle adjustment component.

[0018] The mounting column 101 is fixedly connected to the outer top of the mounting base 1. The welding equipment body 102 is mounted on the inner top of the mounting column 101, and the welding torch head 103 is mounted on the outer bottom of the welding equipment body 102. The mounting base 1 provides support for the entire welding equipment. The mounting column 101 supports the welding equipment body 102. The welding equipment body 102 provides welding current, wire feeding, and shielding gas output to the welding torch head 103. The welding torch head 103 is used to perform GMAW welding towards the welding area of ​​the workpiece to be welded.

[0019] Meanwhile, the connecting magnetic ring 2 is disposed on the outside of the welding gun head 103, and the connector is disposed on one side of the connecting magnetic ring 2. The connector is used to fix the connecting magnetic ring 2 to the outside of the welding gun head 103. The connecting magnetic ring 2 is arranged around the welding gun head 103 so that the magnetic field structure subsequently disposed on the connecting magnetic ring 2 can be close to the arc area and molten pool area below the welding gun head 103, reducing the offset between the magnetic field generation location and the welding area.

[0020] As examples, in this embodiment, the connector includes a connecting plate 201, a connecting post 202, a base plate 203, a fixing angle 204, a connecting magnetic block 205, and a magnetic field coil 206.

[0021] The connecting plate 201 is fixedly connected to the outside of the welding gun head 103, the connecting column 202 is fixedly connected to one side of the connecting plate 201, the base plate 203 is fixedly connected to the outside of the bottom end of the connecting column 202, and the fixing angle 204 is fixedly connected to the outside of the end of the base plate 203. One side of the fixing angle 204 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the connecting magnetic ring 2. Through the sequential connection of the connecting plate 201, the connecting column 202, the base plate 203, and the fixing angle 204, a stable mechanical support path can be formed between the welding gun head 103 and the connecting magnetic ring 2, enabling the connecting magnetic ring 2 to move synchronously with the welding gun head 103 or change its posture synchronously. This avoids relative position deviation caused by changes in the welding gun posture when the connecting magnetic ring 2 is installed with an independent bracket.

[0022] Furthermore, the magnetic field coil 206 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the connecting magnetic ring 2 in a ring shape, and the connecting magnetic block 205 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the end of the magnetic field coil 206. The magnetic field coil 206 is used to generate a pulsed magnetic field after a pulsed excitation current is applied, and the connecting magnetic block 205 is used to guide and concentrate the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field coil 206, so that the magnetic field can be distributed towards the welding arc area, droplet transition area, or molten pool area below the welding gun head 103. Through the cooperation of the connecting magnetic ring 2, the magnetic field coil 206, and the connecting magnetic block 205, a compact pulsed composite magnetic field generating structure can be formed on the outer periphery of the welding gun head 103, so that the magnetic field action area and the welding area maintain a good correspondence.

[0023] It should be noted that multiple connecting magnetic blocks 205 can be provided and arranged at intervals along the circumference of the connecting magnetic ring 2; the magnetic field coil 206 can also be provided as a ring coil or a segmented coil according to the actual magnetic field direction requirements. The goal is to create a pulsed composite magnetic field acting on the arc, molten droplet, or molten pool region below the welding torch tip 103. The above structure is not limited by the specific number of connecting magnetic blocks 205 and magnetic field coil 206.

[0024] The spectral acquisition heads 3 are arranged in a ring around the outer periphery of the welding torch head 103, and the angle adjustment component is located inside the connecting magnetic ring 2. The angle adjustment component is used to adjust the angle of the multiple sets of spectral acquisition heads 3. The multiple sets of spectral acquisition heads 3 are preferably arranged at intervals along the circumference of the welding torch head 103, with their acquisition ends facing the arc area below the welding torch head 103 or the metal vapor area above the molten pool. By arranging the spectral acquisition heads 3 in multiple directions, the influence of welding torch obstruction, fume deflection, or workpiece edge obstruction during single-direction acquisition can be reduced, thereby improving the stability of metal vapor spectral information acquisition.

[0025] As examples, in this embodiment, the angle adjustment component includes a rotating frame 301, a connecting arm 302, a fixed U-plate 303, a pulling arm 304, a pushing pull plate 305, and a through hole 306.

[0026] The rotating frame 301 is rotatably connected to the inner end of the base plate 203, and the spectral acquisition head 3 is mounted on the inner end of the rotating frame 301. The rotating frame 301 provides a mounting base for the spectral acquisition head 3 and allows the spectral acquisition head 3 to swing relative to the base plate 203. The connecting arm 302 is fixedly connected to the inner end of the rotating frame 301, and the connecting arm 302 connects the rotating frame 301 to the subsequent pulling structure, so that the angle adjustment of the spectral acquisition head 3 can be achieved through the external adjustment structure.

[0027] Meanwhile, the fixed U-plate 303 is fixedly connected to the outside of the connecting arm 302, the pulling arm 304 is rotatably connected to the inside of the end of the fixed U-plate 303, and the pushing plate 305 is set on the outside of the welding gun head 103. The outside of the end of the pulling arm 304 is rotatably connected to the inside of the end of the pushing plate 305. When the pushing plate 305 moves, it can drive the pulling arm 304 to move synchronously. The pulling arm 304 further drives the fixed U-plate 303 and the connecting arm 302 to swing. The connecting arm 302 drives the rotating frame 301 to rotate relative to the base plate 203, thereby changing the acquisition angle of the spectral acquisition head 3 installed in the rotating frame 301.

[0028] Furthermore, a through hole 306 is formed on the inner side of the center of the push plate 305, and the welding gun head 103 passes through the inner side of the through hole 306. The through hole 306 allows the push plate 305 to be arranged around the welding gun head 103, and to avoid the welding gun head 103 when the push plate 305 moves, thereby preventing the adjustment action of the push plate 305 from affecting the normal welding action of the welding gun head 103.

[0029] To further explain, the multiple sets of spectral acquisition heads 3 can be respectively equipped with a rotating frame 301, a connecting arm 302, a fixed U-plate 303, and a pulling arm 304, each of which is connected to a push plate 305. When the push plate 305 moves along the axial or near-axial direction of the welding gun head 103, it can simultaneously drive the movement of multiple pulling arms 304, thereby achieving synchronous angle adjustment of the multiple sets of spectral acquisition heads 3. Through this linkage structure, the operator does not need to adjust each spectral acquisition head 3 individually, but can make the orientation of multiple sets of spectral acquisition heads 3 change simultaneously, improving equipment debugging efficiency and welding process adaptability.

[0030] It should be noted that an elliptical through hole 307 is provided on the inner side of the end of the connecting plate 201, and the connecting arm 302 is disposed inside the elliptical through hole 307. The elliptical through hole 307 is used to provide clearance for the positional changes of the connecting arm 302 during the swinging process. When the push plate 305 drives the connecting arm 302 to swing via the pull arm 304, the connecting arm 302 can move relative to the elliptical through hole 307, avoiding jamming or collision between the connecting arm 302 and the connecting plate 201, thereby ensuring that the rotating frame 301 and the spectral acquisition head 3 can rotate smoothly.

[0031] In addition, the angle adjustment component also includes a rotating sleeve 308 and a rotating head 309. The rotating sleeve 308 is rotatably connected to one side of the push plate 305, and the outer side of the rotating sleeve 308 is threadedly connected to the inner side of the middle part of the base plate 203. The rotating head 309 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the bottom end of the rotating sleeve 308. When the operator rotates the rotating head 309, the rotating head 309 drives the rotating sleeve 308 to rotate. Since the rotating sleeve 308 is threadedly connected to the base plate 203, the rotating sleeve 308 can generate axial displacement relative to the base plate 203 during rotation, and drive the push plate 305 to move. After the push plate 305 moves, the angle of the spectral acquisition head 3 is adjusted by sequentially driving the pull arm 304, the fixed U-plate 303, the connecting arm 302, and the rotating frame 301.

[0032] To further explain, when the welding torch head 103 is tilted during welding, the surface height of the workpiece to be welded changes, or the concentrated area of ​​metal vapor shifts relative to the welding torch head 103, the position of the push plate 305 can be adjusted by rotating the head 309, so that the multiple sets of spectral acquisition heads 3 are reoriented towards the metal vapor area above the welding arc or the molten pool. This adjustment method does not require disassembling the spectral acquisition heads 3, nor does it require changing the fixed relationship between the connecting magnetic ring 2 and the welding torch head 103. Therefore, it can improve the adaptability of the metal vapor spectral acquisition direction while maintaining the stable installation of the magnetic field generating structure.

[0033] In this embodiment, the spectral acquisition head 3 is used to acquire the spectral signal of metal vapor. It may include a light-inlet end, an optical window, a filter structure, and a photoelectric conversion structure. The specific internal structure of the spectral acquisition head 3 can be selected according to actual detection requirements, as long as it can acquire the spectral signal generated by the metal vapor in the welding area. When the spectral acquisition head 3 is connected to an external data processing unit, it can convert the acquired spectral signal into an electrical signal for determining the state of the metal vapor, thereby providing a reference for pulsed composite magnetic field control.

[0034] With the above structure, the connecting magnetic ring 2, magnetic field coil 206, connecting magnetic block 205, spectral acquisition head 3, and angle adjustment component are all arranged around the welding torch head 103. The connecting magnetic ring 2 provides a compact base for the magnetic field installation, the magnetic field coil 206 and connecting magnetic block 205 form a pulsed composite magnetic field, the spectral acquisition head 3 acquires the state of the metal vapor, and the angle adjustment component adjusts the acquisition direction of the spectral acquisition head 3 according to changes in the welding torch posture. This ensures a good spatial correspondence between the metal vapor monitoring area and the pulsed composite magnetic field action area near the welding torch head 103. Example 2

[0035] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 5 This embodiment provides a pulsed composite magnetic field GMAW welding device and method based on metal vapor, the specific idea of ​​which is as follows: A pulsed composite magnetic field GMAW welding device based on metal vapor includes a mounting base 1, and the device also includes a support.

[0036] The support is located on the upper surface of the mounting base 1 to support the workpiece to be welded and to enable the welding area of ​​the workpiece to form a relatively stable positional relationship with the welding gun head 103, the connecting magnetic ring 2, the magnetic field coil 206, the connecting magnetic block 205 and the spectral acquisition head 3.

[0037] As examples, in this embodiment, the support includes a material placement plate 4 and a slide rail 401.

[0038] The material placement plate 4 is installed on the upper surface of the mounting base 1 and is used to support the workpiece to be welded. Before welding, the workpiece is placed on the material placement plate 4, with the welding area positioned below the welding torch head 103. By setting the material placement plate 4, the load-bearing stability of the workpiece to be welded can be improved, reducing the problem of the welding area shifting relative to the welding torch head 103 due to unstable workpiece support.

[0039] Meanwhile, the slide rail 401 is slidably connected to one side of the material placement plate 4. Specifically, one side of the material placement plate 4 may be provided with a sliding groove or guide groove that mates with the slide rail 401, and the slide rail 401 forms a sliding engagement with the material placement plate 4 through the sliding groove or guide groove. Through the sliding engagement between the slide rail 401 and the material placement plate 4, the position of the workpiece, the position of the material placement plate 4, or the detection position can be guided and adjusted, so that the area to be welded can be adapted according to the position of the welding torch head 103. This structure can improve the convenience of adjustment for workpieces of different specifications, different weld positions, or different welding postures.

[0040] In addition, a detector 402 is installed on the outer side of one end of the material placement plate 4. The detector 402 is used for auxiliary detection of at least one of the following: the position of the workpiece to be welded, the height of the welding area, the temperature of the welding area, or the condition of the weld. When the detector 402 is used in conjunction with the spectral acquisition head 3, the spectral acquisition head 3 is mainly used to collect the spectral signal of the metal vapor in the welding area, while the detector 402 is used to provide auxiliary detection information on the position of the workpiece or the condition of the welding area. The combination of the two improves the reliability of the equipment's judgment of the welding process condition.

[0041] It should be noted that the detector 402 can be selected from position detectors, distance detectors, temperature detectors, or visual detectors, depending on actual needs. The detector 402 is not limited to a specific detection element, as long as it can assist in the detection of the state of the workpiece to be welded or the welding area, and can be used together with the metal vapor information collected by the spectral acquisition head 3 to determine the welding state.

[0042] To further explain, during actual welding, the workpiece to be welded is placed on the material placement plate 4, and the welding equipment body 102 drives the welding torch head 103 to align with the area to be welded. The connecting magnetic ring 2 is arranged above the welding area along with the welding torch head 103. The magnetic field coil 206 and the connecting magnetic block 205 form a magnetic field structure around the welding torch head 103, and multiple sets of spectral acquisition heads 3 form a multi-directional acquisition structure around the welding torch head 103. Through the cooperation of the support components, the magnetic field generating structure, and the spectral acquisition structure, the workpiece bearing, metal vapor acquisition, and pulsed composite magnetic field modulation can form a corresponding relationship within the same welding area.

[0043] Furthermore, when the size, weld position, or placement height of the workpiece to be welded changes, the material plate 4 or related detection positions can be adjusted via the slide rail 401 to ensure that the welding area below the welding torch head 103 corresponds to the acquisition area of ​​the spectral acquisition head 3. After the detector 402 detects changes in the workpiece position or welding area state, it can serve as an auxiliary basis for adjusting the angle of the spectral acquisition head 3 or the excitation parameters of the magnetic field coil 206, thereby further improving the equipment's adaptability to different welding conditions.

[0044] The support component in this embodiment enables a stable relative positional relationship to be formed between the welding gun head 103, the connecting magnetic ring 2, the magnetic field coil 206, the connecting magnetic block 205, the spectral acquisition head 3, and the workpiece to be welded, providing a relatively stable workpiece support foundation for subsequent metal vapor monitoring and pulsed composite magnetic field control.

[0045] Working principle: In use, the workpiece to be welded is first placed on the placement plate 4, with the welding area of ​​the workpiece positioned below the welding torch head 103. The mounting base 1 provides support for the entire equipment, and the mounting column 101 supports the welding equipment body 102, which performs GMAW welding via the welding torch head 103. The placement plate 4 carries the workpiece to be welded, the slide rail 401 guides and adjusts the position of the workpiece, the placement plate 4, or the detection position, and the detector 402 assists in detecting the workpiece position, welding area height, welding area temperature, or weld condition.

[0046] Before welding, the connecting magnetic ring 2 is installed on the outside of the welding gun head 103 via a connector. A connecting plate 201 is fixed to the outside of the welding gun head 103, a connecting post 202 is connected to one side of the connecting plate 201, a base plate 203 is connected to the outside of the bottom end of the connecting post 202, and a fixing angle 204 is connected to the outside of the end of the base plate 203 and fixed to the connecting magnetic ring 2. Through the cooperation of the connecting plate 201, connecting post 202, base plate 203, and fixing angle 204, the connecting magnetic ring 2 can be stably positioned around the welding gun head 103 and can move or change its posture synchronously with the welding gun head 103.

[0047] A magnetic field coil 206 is disposed inside the connecting magnetic ring 2, and a connecting magnetic block 205 is disposed on the outer side of the end of the magnetic field coil 206. When a pulsed excitation current is passed through the magnetic field coil 206, the magnetic field coil 206 generates a pulsed magnetic field. The connecting magnetic block 205 guides and concentrates the magnetic field, causing the magnetic field to be distributed towards the welding arc area, droplet transition area, or molten pool area below the welding torch head 103. Since the connecting magnetic ring 2 is fixed to the outside of the welding torch head 103, a relatively stable positional relationship can be maintained between the magnetic field generating structure and the welding torch head 103, thereby reducing the displacement of the magnetic field action position caused by changes in the welding torch posture.

[0048] During metal vapor monitoring, multiple sets of spectral acquisition heads 3 are arranged in a ring around the welding torch head 103 to acquire spectral signals generated by metal vapor in the welding area from multiple directions. During welding, the welding wire and base material melt under the action of the welding arc to form a molten pool, and metal vapor is generated above the molten pool. The acquisition end of the spectral acquisition head 3 is pointed towards the metal vapor region above the welding arc or above the molten pool, thereby obtaining spectral information that can reflect the state of the welding process.

[0049] When the welding torch head 103 is used in an inclined welding posture, the workpiece surface height changes, or the concentrated area of ​​metal vapor shifts relative to the welding torch head 103, the acquisition direction of the spectral acquisition head 3 can be adjusted by the angle adjustment component. Specifically, the operator rotates the rotating head 309, which drives the rotating sleeve 308 to rotate. Since the outer side of the rotating sleeve 308 is threaded to the inner side of the middle part of the base plate 203, the rotating sleeve 308 can generate axial displacement relative to the base plate 203 when rotating, and drive the push plate 305 to move.

[0050] When the pull plate 305 is moved, it drives the pull arm 304, which is rotatably connected to it, to move. The pull arm 304 further pulls the fixed U-plate 303, which in turn causes the connecting arm 302 to swing. The connecting arm 302 then causes the rotating frame 301 to rotate relative to the base plate 203. Since the spectral acquisition head 3 is installed on the inner side of the end of the rotating frame 301, the rotation of the rotating frame 301 can cause the spectral acquisition head 3 to change its acquisition angle. Through the above transmission path, the rotation of the rotating head 309 can be converted into an angle adjustment action of the spectral acquisition head 3.

[0051] During angle adjustment, a through hole 306 is provided in the middle of the push plate 305, and the welding gun head 103 passes through the inner side of the through hole 306. Therefore, the push plate 305 can move around the welding gun head 103 without interfering with it. An elliptical through hole 307 is provided on the inner side of the end of the connecting plate 201, and the connecting arm 302 is located inside the elliptical through hole 307. When the connecting arm 302 swings with the rotating frame 301, the elliptical through hole 307 can provide clearance for the connecting arm 302, preventing the connecting arm 302 from getting stuck with the connecting plate 201, thereby ensuring smooth angle adjustment of the spectral acquisition head 3.

[0052] After welding begins, the welding equipment body 102 performs GMAW welding on the workpiece through the welding torch head 103, generating an electric arc, a molten pool, and metal vapor in the welding area. The magnetic field coil 206, in conjunction with the connecting magnetic block 205, applies a pulsed composite magnetic field to the welding area. The spectral acquisition head 3 collects the spectral information of the metal vapor, and the detector 402 assists in detecting the status of the workpiece or welding area. When the metal vapor signal collected by the spectral acquisition head 3 changes, or when the detector 402 detects changes in the workpiece position, welding area height, or welding status, the angle of the spectral acquisition head 3 can be finely adjusted again by rotating the head 309 to re-align the spectral acquisition area with the concentrated metal vapor area. Simultaneously, the excitation parameters of the magnetic field coil 206 can be adjusted based on the collected metal vapor information or welding status information to maintain a stable effect of the pulsed composite magnetic field on the welding area.

[0053] Through the above-described working process, this invention enables the connecting magnetic ring 2, magnetic field coil 206, connecting magnetic block 205, spectral acquisition head 3, and angle adjustment component to form a compact fit around the welding gun head 103. The connecting magnetic ring 2 is fixed with the welding gun head 103, reducing the offset between the magnetic field generating structure and the welding area. The spectral acquisition head 3 achieves angle adjustment through the rotating frame 301, connecting arm 302, fixed U-plate 303, pulling arm 304, pushing pull plate 305, rotating sleeve 308, and rotating head 309, adapting to changes in welding gun posture, workpiece height, and metal vapor area offset. The material placement plate 4, slide rail 401, and detector 402 are used to assist in workpiece bearing, position adjustment, and auxiliary detection of the welding status. Therefore, this invention improves the accuracy of metal vapor spectral acquisition, maintains a good correspondence between the metal vapor monitoring area and the pulsed composite magnetic field action area, and enhances the stability of magnetic field control during the GMAW welding process.

[0054] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments that can be applied to other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pulsed composite magnetic field GMAW welding device based on metal vapor, comprising a mounting base (1), characterized in that: Also includes: Mounting post (101) is fixedly connected to the outer top of the mounting base (1); The welding equipment body (102) is installed on the inner side of the top of the mounting column (101); The welding torch head (103) is installed on the outer side of the bottom end of the welding equipment body (102); A connecting magnetic ring (2) is disposed on the outside of the welding gun head (103); A connector is provided on one side of the connecting magnetic ring (2), and the connector is used to fix the connecting magnetic ring (2) to the outside of the welding gun head (103); The spectral acquisition head (3) is configured in multiple groups, and the multiple groups of spectral acquisition heads (3) are arranged in a ring on the outer periphery of the welding gun head (103), and the acquisition end of the spectral acquisition head (3) faces the metal vapor region below the welding gun head (103); An angle adjustment component is disposed on the inner side of the connecting magnetic ring (2), and the angle adjustment component is used to adjust the acquisition angle of multiple sets of the spectral acquisition heads (3); A support member is disposed on the upper surface of the mounting base (1) for supporting the workpiece to be welded and making the area to be welded correspond to the welding gun head (103).

2. The GMAW welding equipment based on metal vapor pulsed composite magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connector includes: A connecting plate (201) is fixedly connected to the outside of the welding gun head (103); A connecting column (202) is fixedly connected to one side of the connecting plate (201); The base plate (203) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the bottom end of the connecting column (202); A fixed angle (204) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the end of the base plate (203), and one side of the fixed angle (204) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the connecting magnetic ring (2); A magnetic field coil (206) is fixedly connected in a ring to the inner side of the connecting magnetic ring (2); A connecting magnetic block (205) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the end of the magnetic field coil (206). The connecting magnetic block (205) is used to guide the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field coil (206) to be distributed downwards towards the welding gun head (103).

3. The GMAW welding equipment based on a pulsed composite magnetic field of metal vapor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle adjustment component includes: A rotating frame (301) is rotatably connected to the inner side of the end of the base plate (203), and the spectral acquisition head (3) is installed on the inner side of the end of the rotating frame (301); The connecting arm (302) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the end of the rotating frame (301); A fixed U-plate (303) is fixedly connected to the outside of the connecting arm (302); The pull arm (304) is rotatably connected to the inner side of the end of the fixed U-plate (303); A push plate (305) is disposed on the outside of the welding gun head (103), and the outer side of the end of the pull arm (304) is rotatably connected to the inner side of the end of the push plate (305); A through hole (306) is provided on the inner side of the middle part of the push plate (305), and the welding gun head (103) passes through the inner side of the through hole (306).

4. The GMAW welding equipment based on a pulsed composite magnetic field of metal vapor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connecting plate (201) has an elliptical through hole (307) on the inner side of its end. The connecting arm (302) is located inside the elliptical through hole (307). The elliptical through hole (307) is used to provide clearance space for the swing of the connecting arm (302).

5. The GMAW welding equipment based on metal vapor pulsed composite magnetic field according to claim 4, characterized in that: The angle adjustment component also includes: A rotating sleeve (308) is rotatably connected to one side of the push plate (305), and the outer side of the rotating sleeve (308) is threadedly connected to the inner side of the middle part of the base plate (203). The rotating head (309) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the bottom end of the rotating sleeve (308). The rotating head (309) is used to drive the rotating sleeve (308) to rotate and to move the push plate (305) so as to drive the spectral acquisition head (3) to rotate through the pull arm (304), the fixed U plate (303), the connecting arm (302) and the rotating frame (301).

6. The GMAW welding equipment based on a pulsed composite magnetic field of metal vapor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support member includes: A material placement plate (4) is set on the upper surface of the mounting base (1) and is used to support the workpiece to be welded; The slide rail (401) is installed on the upper surface of the mounting base (1), and the material plate (4) is slidably connected to one side of the slide rail (401) to adjust the position of the workpiece to be welded relative to the welding gun head (103).

7. The GMAW welding equipment based on a pulsed composite magnetic field of metal vapor according to claim 6, characterized in that: A detector (402) is installed on the outer side of one end of the material plate (4). The detector (402) is used to detect at least one of the following: the position of the workpiece to be welded, the height of the welding area, the temperature of the welding area, or the condition of the weld.

8. A pulsed composite magnetic field GMAW welding method based on metal vapor, characterized in that, The GMAW welding equipment based on a pulsed composite magnetic field of metal vapor, as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, includes the following steps: S1. Place the workpiece to be welded on the material plate (4) and adjust the position of the material plate (4) by means of the slide rail (401) so that the area to be welded corresponds to the welding gun head (103); S2. Fix the connecting magnetic ring (2) to the outside of the welding gun head (103) through the connector, so that the magnetic field coil (206) and the connecting magnetic block (205) are arranged around the welding gun head (103); S3. Rotate the rotating head (309) to move the rotating sleeve (308) relative to the base plate (203) and drive the push plate (305) to move. The push plate (305) drives the rotating frame (301) to rotate through the pull arm (304), the fixed U plate (303), and the connecting arm (302) to adjust the acquisition angle of the multiple sets of spectral acquisition heads (3). S4. Start the welding equipment body (102), perform GMAW welding on the workpiece to be welded through the welding gun head (103), and simultaneously pass a pulse excitation current to the magnetic field coil (206) so that the connecting magnetic block (205) guides the magnetic field to the welding area below the welding gun head (103). S5. The metal vapor spectrum information of the welding area is collected by multiple sets of the spectral acquisition heads (3), and the state of the workpiece to be welded or the welding area is detected by the detector (402). S6. Based on the metal vapor spectral information and the state of the welding area, adjust the acquisition angle of the spectral acquisition head (3) or the excitation parameters of the magnetic field coil (206) so that the metal vapor monitoring area corresponds to the pulse composite magnetic field action area.

9. The GMAW welding method based on pulsed composite magnetic field of metal vapor according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S3, when the welding gun head (103) is in an inclined welding posture, the height of the workpiece to be welded changes, or the metal vapor concentration area shifts, the acquisition angle of the multiple sets of spectral acquisition heads (3) is adjusted by rotating the rotating head (309) so that the acquisition ends of the multiple sets of spectral acquisition heads (3) are facing the metal vapor area again.

10. The GMAW welding method based on pulsed composite magnetic field of metal vapor according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S6, when the metal vapor spectrum information collected by the spectral acquisition head (3) changes, or when the detector (402) detects changes in the position of the workpiece to be welded, the height of the welding area, the temperature of the welding area, or the state of the weld, the pulse excitation current of the magnetic field coil (206) is adjusted to change the intensity of the pulse composite magnetic field in the welding area.

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