A composite assembly, a method of making the same, and a window assembly comprising the same

Abstract

The present application relates to a composite assembly, a preparation method thereof, and a window assembly comprising the composite assembly. The composite assembly of the present application comprises a semi-reflective layer having a textured first outer surface and a textured second outer surface, the semi-reflective layer comprising: a first outer dielectric layer; n functional composite layers and at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers arranged alternately, n being an integer greater than or equal to 2; and a second outer dielectric layer. The composite assembly of the present application can achieve desired effects according to specific requirements, such as excellent thermal comfort effect, projection display effect, light pollution control, view optimization effect, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of materials, and more specifically to a composite component, a method for preparing the same, and a window assembly comprising the composite component. Background Technology

[0002] For electric vehicles, sunroofs have become a top choice for many consumers due to their technological appeal and space-saving advantages. However, the thermal comfort of sunroofs has always been a concern for end users, especially in places like China where summers are unbearably hot, where this problem is becoming increasingly prominent.

[0003] The fundamental reason for the poor thermal comfort of car sunroofs in hot weather is that existing sunroof technologies typically use dark layers (e.g., deeply tinted PVB (polyvinyl butyral) or tinted glass) to absorb most of the visible light. This absorbed visible light is subject to secondary emission, and since visible light accounts for the majority (approximately 50%) of Earth's total solar energy, even with an infrared reflective coating to block infrared radiation, the absorbed visible light energy can still reach the user-facing side of the sunroof via conduction and radiation, subsequently radiating to the heads of the occupants. While applying a LowE (low emissivity) coating to the user-facing side of the sunroof can reduce the thermal conductivity to the vehicle interior (ISO 13837), thus alleviating the thermal comfort problem to some extent, it doesn't fundamentally solve the issue. Furthermore, infrared reflective coatings and LowE coatings are expensive, hindering cost reduction efforts.

[0004] Besides thermal comfort, controlling light pollution is another key consideration in automotive sunroof design. Light pollution is crucial for both vehicle occupants and pedestrians / other vehicles. The design of automotive sunroofs must prevent strong mirror-like reflections to ensure a positive user experience and safety.

[0005] Furthermore, with the rapid development of the intelligent electric vehicle sector, the demand for intelligent window applications is also increasing accordingly. The projection display effect of car sunroofs is also one of the key features that consumers are concerned about.

[0006] Since car sunroofs are transparent and directly exposed to sunlight, special consideration must be given to the design of the window structure and the selection of related materials in order to maintain thermal comfort inside the car, ensure good lighting, and provide excellent projection display effects.

[0007] To achieve good indoor lighting and projection effects, existing automotive sunroofs typically use a dark adhesive layer (e.g., PVB (polyvinyl butyral)) to absorb most of the visible light, along with a projection display film and an infrared reflective coating, aiming to achieve projection display and thermal comfort control. However, this window design has significant drawbacks. Firstly, as mentioned earlier, the visible light absorbed by the dark adhesive layer suffers from secondary emission, making it difficult to control the total solar transmittance below 10%. Secondly, the projection display film and infrared reflective coating are expensive, hindering cost reduction.

[0008] Because conventional automotive sunroof and window designs have certain limitations and shortcomings in terms of environmental thermal comfort control, light pollution control, and cost, further research and development are still needed to obtain cost-effective window materials with the desired functions. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In one aspect, the present invention provides a composite component comprising a semi-reflective layer having a textured first outer surface and a textured second outer surface, the semi-reflective layer comprising: a first outer dielectric layer; n alternatingly arranged functional composite layers and at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2; and a second outer dielectric layer; wherein each of the n functional composite layers independently comprises: a monolayer silver metal layer or a monolayer silver alloy layer; a base blocking layer that contacts the monolayer silver metal layer or monolayer silver alloy layer on the side of the monolayer silver metal layer or monolayer silver alloy layer opposite to the first outer dielectric layer; and optionally... An additional blocking layer is present, which contacts the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer on the side of the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer away from the base blocking layer; wherein the alternating n functional composite layers and at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers are located entirely between the first outer dielectric layer and the second outer dielectric layer, the first outer dielectric layer is in contact with one of the n functional composite layers, and the second outer dielectric layer is in contact with one of the n functional composite layers; the total physical thickness of all the single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers in the semi-reflective layer is approximately 25 nm or more.

[0010] In one embodiment, the total physical thickness of all the single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers in the semi-reflective layer is less than about 50 nm.

[0011] In one embodiment, the total physical thickness of all the single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers in the semi-reflective layer is more than about 30 nm; and / or the total physical thickness of all the single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers in the semi-reflective layer is less than about 45 nm.

[0012] In one embodiment, the physical thickness of each of the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer is independently less than about 45 nm, preferably about 10 nm to about 20 nm.

[0013] In one embodiment, each of the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer has the same physical thickness.

[0014] In one embodiment, each layer in the semi-reflective layer has a textured contact surface with each of the adjacent layers, and the texture of each contact surface is conformal to the texture of the adjacent contact surface.

[0015] In one embodiment, the textured first outer surface and the textured second outer surface are parallel; or the textured first outer surface, the textured second outer surface, and each layer in the semi-reflective layer are parallel to each other with the respective textured contact surfaces of adjacent layers.

[0016] In one embodiment, the root mean square slope of the textured first outer surface and / or the textured second outer surface is about 2° to about 20°.

[0017] In one embodiment, the optical thickness of the first outer dielectric layer is about 20 nm to about 350 nm; and / or, the optical thickness of the second outer dielectric layer is about 20 nm to about 350 nm.

[0018] In one embodiment, among the at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers, one or more intermediate dielectric layers have an optical thickness that is independently greater than or equal to 0 nm and less than about 140 nm. Preferably, the optical thickness of each intermediate dielectric layer is independently greater than or equal to 0 nm and less than about 140 nm.

[0019] In one embodiment, among the at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers, one or more intermediate dielectric layers have an optical thickness that is independently greater than or equal to 0 nm and less than about 100 nm. Preferably, the optical thickness of each intermediate dielectric layer is independently greater than or equal to 0 nm and less than about 100 nm.

[0020] In one embodiment, among the at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers, one or more intermediate dielectric layers have an optical thickness that is independently greater than or equal to 0 nm and less than about 50 nm. Preferably, the optical thickness of each intermediate dielectric layer is independently greater than or equal to 0 nm and less than about 50 nm.

[0021] In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer comprises 0, 1, 2...n-2, or n-1 intermediate dielectric layers.

[0022] In one embodiment, the base blocking layer and the additional blocking layer each independently comprise nickel, chromium, titanium, niobium, gold, aluminum, platinum, rhodium, copper, zinc or any alloy thereof; and / or the physical thickness of each of the base blocking layers is independently from about 0.1 nm to about 4 nm; and / or the physical thickness of each of the additional blocking layers is independently from about 0.1 nm to about 4 nm.

[0023] In one embodiment, each of the first outer dielectric layer, the second outer dielectric layer, and the at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers independently comprises at least one dielectric material layer, optionally comprising at least one oxide, nitride, or sulfide of silicon, zirconium, titanium, tin, zinc, aluminum, or any combination thereof.

[0024] In one implementation, n is an integer from 2 to 6, preferably an integer from 2 to 4.

[0025] In one embodiment, the composite component further includes a substrate having a textured surface that contacts the first outer dielectric layer. Optionally, the substrate is a polymer layer, a glass substrate, a dimming film, or a film substrate layer.

[0026] In one embodiment, the composite component further comprises: a first substrate and a second substrate; wherein the semi-reflective layer is located between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first substrate is in contact with a first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of the first substrate is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer; and the second substrate is in contact with a second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of the second substrate is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer.

[0027] In one embodiment, the main body of the composite component comprises a first substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a second substrate; and / or the area or size of the semi-reflective layer is substantially the same as the area or size of the first substrate and / or the second substrate.

[0028] In one embodiment, the first substrate is closer to external sunlight than the second substrate.

[0029] In one embodiment, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance of about 40% to about 90% for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate; and / or the composite component has a total solar transmittance of about 10% or less for sunlight incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate; and / or the composite component has a diffuse direct solar reflectance (RDS) of about 55% or more, preferably about 64% or more for sunlight incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate.

[0030] In one embodiment, the composite component has a transmittance of about 0.5% to about 10% for visible light; and / or the composite component has a diffuse reflectance of about 55% to about 95% for near-infrared light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate; and / or the haze of the composite component is less than about 10%.

[0031] In one embodiment, the first substrate has a reflectance of about 3.8% to about 4.5%, about 4% to about 4.2%, or about 4% for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate; and / or the first substrate has an absorptivity of greater than 0 to about 1.5%, about 0.8% to about 1.2%, or about 1% for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate; and / or the first substrate has a transmittance of more than 60% for visible light; and / or the first substrate has a transmittance of more than 60% for near-infrared light.

[0032] In one embodiment, the composite component serves as a projection screen, with the second substrate facing the projection light for forming a projected image on the side of the semi-reflective layer facing the second substrate.

[0033] In one embodiment, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance of about 10% to about 25% for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate.

[0034] In one embodiment, the composite component has a transmittance of about 0.5% to about 2.5% for visible light.

[0035] In one embodiment, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance of less than about 10% for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate.

[0036] In one embodiment, the second substrate comprises one or more layers, wherein one surface of one layer contacts the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the contact surface of one layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer.

[0037] In one embodiment, the first substrate comprises one or more layers, wherein one surface of one layer contacts the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of one layer is textured and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and all layers included in the first substrate are transparent.

[0038] In one embodiment, the second substrate comprises any one or any combination of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a dimming film, a polymer layer, and a film substrate layer; and / or the first substrate comprises any one or any combination of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a polymer layer, and a film substrate layer; optionally, the glass substrate comprises any one or any combination of soda-lime silicate float glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, glass-ceramic glass, and polycarbonate glass; and / or the adhesive layer comprises any one or any combination of optical adhesive, thermoplastic polymer, and pressure-sensitive adhesive; further optionally, the adhesive layer comprises any one or any combination of polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, and ionomer interlayer; and / or the dimming film comprises a dyed polymer-dispersed liquid crystal dimming film, a suspended liquid crystal dimming film, or a suspended liquid crystal dimming film. The film comprises any one or any combination of particle dimming film, electrochromic dimming film, and host-guest type liquid crystal dimming film; and / or the polymer layer comprises any one or any combination of polyester, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyamide, polyimide, rigid polyvinyl butyral, photocrosslinked and / or photopolymerized resin, and polythiourethane; and / or the film substrate layer comprises any one or any combination of glass film and thermoplastic polymer film; further optionally, the thermoplastic polymer film comprises any one or any combination of polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyimide, cyclic olefin polymer, polycarbonate, and cellulose triacetate; further optionally, the thickness of the glass film is from about 25 μm to about 200 μm; and / or the thickness of the thermoplastic polymer film is from about 0.15 mm to about 0.25 mm.

[0039] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the composite component of the present invention, comprising: providing at least one layer of a second substrate and / or at least one layer of a first substrate and a semi-reflective layer having a textured first outer surface and a textured second outer surface, to obtain at least a portion of the composite component; optionally, further providing other layers of the second substrate and the first substrate to obtain the composite component.

[0040] In one embodiment, at least a portion of the composite component is obtained by the following steps: providing at least one layer of a second substrate and a first substrate, forming a textured surface on one surface of one of the at least one layer of the second substrate and the first substrate, forming a semi-reflective layer on the textured surface, and forming at least one layer of the other of the second substrate and the first substrate on the surface of the semi-reflective layer opposite to one of the at least one layer of the second substrate and the first substrate, to obtain at least a portion of the composite component; optionally, one of the layers is a polymer layer or a glass substrate or a dimming film or a film substrate layer.

[0041] In another aspect, the present invention provides a window assembly that includes the composite component of the present invention.

[0042] In one embodiment, the window assembly includes a door, window, curtain wall, vehicle window glass, aircraft glass, or ship glass. Optionally, the window assembly is a vehicle window glass, which includes a rear windshield, sunroof, door glass, or corner window glass.

[0043] In another aspect, the present invention provides a vehicle including the window assembly of the present invention, optionally further comprising a projection device configured to project light toward a second substrate of the window assembly for forming a projected image on the side of the semi-reflective layer facing the second substrate.

[0044] The composite component of the present invention includes a semi-reflective layer with a textured outer surface. This semi-reflective layer has a novel design comprising alternating functional composite layers and an intermediate dielectric layer, as well as an outer dielectric layer. The design of the semi-reflective layer in this application can optimize the performance of the semi-reflective layer (e.g., reduce stress and defects accumulated during deposition) and the yield and mechanical properties of the composite component.

[0045] Furthermore, the composite component may also include a first substrate and a second substrate located on opposite sides of the semi-reflective layer. By utilizing the specific reflectivity (including diffuse reflectivity), transmittance, and absorptivity of the first substrate, the textured semi-reflective layer, and the second substrate for sunlight (including visible light and near-infrared light), the composite component of the present invention can achieve desired effects according to specific needs, such as: excellent thermal comfort, projection display effect, light pollution control, and visual optimization (e.g., clearer view).

[0046] In addition, the composite component of the present invention satisfies a specific relationship between the reflection and transmission of visible light, which also helps the composite component of the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned excellent effects as required.

[0047] In addition to the effects mentioned above, the specific visible light diffuse reflectance, transmittance and absorptance of the composite component can bring more desired functions to the composite component of the present invention, such as excellent privacy effect, diverse appearance, soft indoor light, better thermal comfort control and so on.

[0048] Specifically, the composite component of the present invention employs a novel design that reduces the total solar transmittance to below 10% by maintaining a high diffuse reflectance (e.g., over 55%) for visible light (which accounts for the majority of Earth's total solar energy, approximately 50%) in the semi-reflective layer and a high diffuse reflectance (e.g., over 55%) for near-infrared light (wavelength range from approximately 780 nm to approximately 2500 nm) in the semi-reflective layer. Furthermore, since the semi-reflective layer reflects visible light diffusely rather than specularly, even with a high diffuse reflectance for visible light, severe light pollution is not generated on either side of the semi-reflective layer. Moreover, because the semi-reflective layer can be designed in various ways (e.g., diverse multi-layer stack designs), the composite component can also achieve diverse appearances. For example, the composite component of the present invention used for automotive window glass can match the visual effect of the vehicle's paint, thus avoiding significant color deviation between the composite component and the vehicle body, resulting in a near-seamless visual effect for the vehicle's appearance. In addition, the composite component of the present invention has a cost advantage. For use as automotive window glass with excellent thermal comfort, the infrared reflective coating in the prior art is expensive, which is not conducive to cost reduction. However, the present invention can achieve thermal control through the design of each layer in the composite component, which is expected to reduce costs. For use as automotive window glass with both thermal comfort and projection display functions, the composite component of the present invention can achieve a projection display effect comparable to the prior art (for example, the prior art may use an outer transparent glass w / 2Ag coating + dark PVB + projection display film + inner transparent PVB + inner transparent glass) by combining the design of the semi-reflective layer with a second substrate facing the inside of the vehicle. The projection display film and infrared reflective coating in the prior art are expensive, which is not conducive to cost reduction. However, the present invention integrates thermal control and projection display functions in the semi-reflective layer, which can significantly reduce costs. Furthermore, by incorporating a second substrate into the design of the semi-reflective layer, the diffuse reflectance of visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate in the composite component of this invention can be controlled within an acceptable range. This not only minimizes potential light pollution on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate but also optimizes the view of the other side of the composite component from that side (e.g., a clearer view). This is advantageous for applications in automotive windows, improving driving safety and passenger experience. Additionally, when the multilayer stack of the semi-reflective layer employs an asymmetrical design, even if the composite component reflects colored visible light from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, the reflection of visible light from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate can still be neutral. Moreover, also through the design of the multilayer stack of the semi-reflective layer, the composite component can have neutral transmission of visible light while reflecting colored visible light.Furthermore, due to the high diffuse reflectance of the composite component to visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate and its suitable diffuse reflectance to visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, the composite component of the present invention helps to achieve the "one-way vision" function, which helps to protect the privacy of the space on the side of the light-absorbing substrate. This is particularly advantageous for the application of vehicle window glass, and can better protect the privacy of occupants. Attached Figure Description

[0049] A more complete understanding of the foregoing and other aspects of this application will be gained from the detailed description that follows, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the scale of the drawings may vary for illustrative purposes, but this will not affect the understanding of this application.

[0050] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of the composite component of the present invention is shown.

[0051] Figure 2 Show Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of the semi-reflective layer.

[0052] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of the composite component of the present invention is shown.

[0053] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating yet another embodiment of the composite component of the present invention is shown.

[0054] Figure 5a A schematic diagram showing visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate passing through the composite component of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 5b This diagram illustrates how visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate is reflected (including diffuse reflection), transmitted, and absorbed by the first substrate, the semi-reflective layer, and the second substrate.

[0056] Figure 5c A schematic diagram showing visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate is diffusely reflected by the composite component of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 6a A schematic diagram showing visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate being diffusely reflected by the composite component of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 6b This diagram illustrates visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate being reflected (including diffuse reflection), transmitted, and absorbed by the second substrate and the semi-reflective layer.

[0059] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of the semi-reflective layer of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 8 A schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of the composite component of the present invention is shown.

[0061] Figure 9 A schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of the composite component of the present invention is shown.

[0062] Figure 10 A schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of the composite component of the present invention is shown.

[0063] Figure 11 A schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of the composite component of the present invention is shown.

[0064] Figure 12 A schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of the composite component of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The present invention will now be described in further detail. This description is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art will readily understand other advantages and effects of the invention from the disclosure herein. The invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes without departing from the spirit of the invention.

[0066] General definitions and terms

[0067] Unless otherwise stated, all publications, patent applications, patents and other references mentioned herein are incorporated herein in their entirety by way of citation.

[0068] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. In case of any conflict, the definitions provided herein shall prevail.

[0069] Unless otherwise stated, all percentages, parts, proportions, etc. are by weight.

[0070] When a quantity, concentration, or other value or parameter is given as a range, preferred range, or preferred upper and lower limits, or a specific value, it should be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by pairs of values ​​from any upper or preferred range and any lower or preferred range, regardless of whether the range is disclosed individually. Unless otherwise stated, when a numerical range is referred to herein, the range means including its endpoints and all integers and fractions within that range. The scope of this invention is not limited to the specific numerical value referenced when defining a range. For example, "1-20" encompasses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and any subrange consisting of any two values ​​therein. For example, 2-6, 3-5, 2-10, 3-15, 4-20, 5-19, etc. For example, "3.0-5.0" encompasses 3.0, 3.2, 3.5, 3.8, 4.0, 4.2, 4.5, 4.7, 4.9, 5.0, and any subrange consisting of any two of these values. Examples include 3.0-3.5, 3.0-4.0, 3.8-4.5, 4.0-5.0, etc.

[0071] The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” or “involving,” and their other variations herein, are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude other unlisted elements or method steps. Those skilled in the art will understand that the foregoing terms such as “comprising” encompass the meaning of “consisting of.” The expression “consisting of” excludes any unspecified elements, steps, or ingredients. The expression “substantially constitutes” limits the scope to the specified elements, steps, or ingredients, plus optional elements, steps, or ingredients that do not materially affect the essential and novel features of the claimed subject matter. It should be understood that the expression “comprising” encompasses both the expressions “substantially constitutes” and “consisting of.”

[0072] As used herein, the terms “optional” and “optionally” mean that the event or situation described below may or may not occur, including both the occurrence and non-occurrence of the event or situation.

[0073] As used herein, the terms “one or more” or “at least one” refer to one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or more.

[0074] Furthermore, if the number of components or parts of the present invention is not previously specified, it indicates that there is no limitation on the number of times a component or part may appear (or be present). Therefore, it should be interpreted as including one or at least one, and the singular form of a component or part also includes the plural, unless the value clearly indicates a singular number.

[0075] In this document, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to identify the element, component, or step they refer to, and are not used to limit the order or number of components, unless otherwise stated. When "first," "second," etc., are used to identify the element, component, or step they refer to, they may be the same or different.

[0076] As used herein, the term "refractive index" has the meaning commonly understood in the art as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the medium. The refractive index can be measured using methods and equipment conventional in the art. For example, it can be measured using a laser calibrator or an ellipsometer. In this invention, the "refractive index" can be measured at a wavelength of 550 nm.

[0077] As used herein, the term "transmittance," also known as optical transmittance, refers to the ability of light to pass through a medium, expressed as the percentage of luminous flux transmitted through the medium relative to the incident luminous flux. Optical transmittance can be measured using methods and equipment conventional in the art. For example, it can be measured using a spectrophotometer. For example, it can be determined with reference to ISO 13837. The wavelength for measuring visible light transmittance is, for example, 380-780 nm. The measurement temperature is, for example, room temperature.

[0078] As used herein, the term "diffuse reflectance" refers to the percentage of diffuse luminous flux reflected by a medium to the incident luminous flux, including visible and near-infrared light. The diffuse reflectance of visible light can be measured using methods and equipment conventional in the art. For example, it can be measured using a spectrophotometer, or, for example, with reference to ISO 9050. The diffuse reflectance of near-infrared light can be measured using methods and equipment conventional in the art. For example, it can be measured using a spectrophotometer, or, for example, with reference to ISO 13837.

[0079] As used herein, "solar direct reflectance (RDS)" refers to the ratio of solar energy intensity reflected (including diffuse reflection) by a medium to the incident solar energy intensity within the solar spectrum (300 nm to 2500 nm). Using the SCE (Specular Component Exclude) measurement mode, the RDS of diffuse reflection of sunlight by a medium can be measured and obtained; that is, the ratio of diffusely reflected solar energy intensity to the incident solar energy intensity. Solar direct reflectance can be measured using methods and equipment conventional in the art. For example, it can be measured using a spectrophotometer. For example, it can be determined with reference to ISO 13837.

[0080] As used herein, the term "total solar transmittance (TTS)" refers to the ratio of the total energy of sunlight transmitted through a medium to the energy of incident sunlight within the solar spectrum (300 nm to 2500 nm). Total solar transmittance can be measured using methods and equipment conventional in the art. For example, it can be measured using a spectrophotometer. It can also be determined with reference to ISO 13837.

[0081] As used herein, the term "reflectivity" refers to the percentage of luminous flux reflected by a medium, particularly visible light, relative to the incident luminous flux. Visible light reflectivity can be measured using methods and equipment conventional in the art. For example, it can be measured using a spectrophotometer. It can also be determined with reference to ISO 9050.

[0082] As used herein, the term "haze" refers to the ratio of the scattered luminous flux to the transmitted luminous flux of incident light deviating from the normal direction through a medium (e.g., the test sample), expressed as a percentage (%). Scattered luminous flux deviating from the incident light direction by more than 2.5 degrees is typically used to calculate haze. Haze can be measured using methods and equipment commonly used in the art. For example, a haze meter can be used to measure haze. For example, determinations can be performed with reference to GB 2410 and / or ASTM D1003.

[0083] The term "absorptance," as used herein, also known as absorptance (represented by A), refers to the percentage or proportion of incident light absorbed by a medium when light strikes it. The absorptance of a medium for incident visible light can be measured using methods and equipment commonly used in the art. For example, a spectrophotometer can be used to measure the absorptance. For instance, ISO 9050 and ISO 13837 can be referenced for determination.

[0084] In this article, unless otherwise explicitly specified, "contact" means direct contact. For example, "one layer in contact with another layer" means that the two layers are in direct contact and there are no other layers between them.

[0085] The term “room temperature” as used in this article refers to approximately 20-30°C, such as approximately 25°C.

[0086] As used herein, the term "primary surface" refers to the surface of the larger side of a layered material. In this context, "primary surface" also refers to the surface of a layered material that reflects and transmits light. For example, the primary surface of a second substrate can refer to the surface facing visible light rays and reflecting or transmitting visible light.

[0087] The term “physical thickness” as used in this article refers to the actual geometric thickness of an object in space. For example, for layered materials, the physical thickness represents the actual geometric thickness of the layered material.

[0088] The term “optical thickness” as used in this article refers to the product of the physical thickness of an object and its refractive index, which can represent the equivalent vacuum path length corresponding to the propagation of light in an object with a physical thickness.

[0089] Composite components

[0090] In one aspect, the present invention relates to a composite component comprising a semi-reflective layer having a textured first outer surface and a textured second outer surface.

[0091] Semi-reflective layer

[0092] In this invention, a semi-reflective layer refers to a layer that exhibits semi-reflectivity to light. The semi-reflective layer of this invention can achieve a high diffuse reflectance for visible light (e.g., a semi-reflective layer can achieve a diffuse reflectance of greater than 40% for visible light incident from one side). Furthermore, the semi-reflective layer of this invention can also exhibit a high diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light (e.g., a semi-reflective layer can achieve a diffuse reflectance of greater than or equal to 55% for near-infrared light incident from one side). In a specific embodiment, the semi-reflective layer is formed by coating and therefore can also be referred to as a semi-reflective coating layer. The semi-reflectivity of the semi-reflective layer means that when incident radiation (such as visible light) reaches the semi-reflective layer, a portion of the incident radiation is diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer, and a portion of the incident radiation is transmitted through the semi-reflective layer.

[0093] The semi-reflective layer of the present invention can have a suitable physical thickness, which helps the semi-reflective layer and the composite component containing the semi-reflective layer to have the desired performance, and also helps to control the difficulty of the process and the processing cost. In one embodiment, the physical thickness of the semi-reflective layer of the present invention can be about 50 nm or more, for example, about 50 nm or more, 55 nm or more, 60 nm or more, 65 nm or more, 70 nm or more, 80 nm or more, 90 nm or more, 100 nm or more, 110 nm or more, 120 nm or more, 130 nm or more, 140 nm or more, 150 nm or more, 160 nm or more, 170 nm or more, 180 nm or more, 190 nm or more, 200 nm or more, 220 nm or more, 25 nm or more. 0nm and above, 280nm and above, 300nm and above, 320nm and above, 350nm and above, 380nm and above, 400nm and above, 420nm and above, 450nm and above, 480nm and above, 500nm and above, 520nm and above, 550nm and above, 580nm and above, 600nm and above, 650nm and above, 700nm and above, 750nm and above, 800nm ​​and above, 850nm and above, 900nm and above, 950nm and above, or 1000nm and above, etc. In another embodiment, the physical thickness of the semi-reflective layer of the present invention can be less than about 2000 nm, for example, less than about 2000 nm, less than 1900 nm, less than 1800 nm, less than 1700 nm, less than 1600 nm, less than 1520 nm, less than 1500 nm, less than 1450 nm, less than 1400 nm, less than 1350 nm, less than 1300 nm, less than 1250 nm, less than 1200 nm, less than 1150 nm, less than 1100 nm, less than 1050 nm, less than 1000 nm, less than 950 nm, less than 900 nm, less than 850 nm, less than 800 nm, less than 750 nm, less than 700 nm, less than 650 nm, less than 600 nm, less than 550 nm, less than 500 nm, less than 450 nm, less than 400 nm, less than 350 nm, less than 300 nm, less than 250 nm, or less than 200 nm, etc.

[0094] Textured outer surface of the semi-reflective layer

[0095] In this paper, the two outermost main surfaces of the semi-reflective layer are defined as the first outer surface and the second outer surface, respectively. Specifically, the semi-reflective layer of this application can be a multi-layer stack, and the two outermost main surfaces of the multi-layer stack as a whole are the first outer surface and the second outer surface, respectively.

[0096] The semi-reflective layer of the present invention has a textured first outer surface and a textured second outer surface. When applied in a composite component, the texture can be used to achieve diffuse reflection of visible light by the composite component, thereby increasing the acceptable upper limit of visible light reflectivity.

[0097] When incident radiation on the composite component reaches the contact surface between the semi-reflective layer and its adjacent layer, the reflection is diffuse because the contact surface is textured. Therefore, the diffuse reflection of visible light by the composite component of the present invention is related to the textured surface in contact with the semi-reflective layer and its adjacent layer.

[0098] The contact surface between adjacent layers and the semi-reflective layer is textured. When the adjacent layer is a glass substrate, the textured contact surface can be achieved through processes such as acid etching, sandblasting (dry blasting, wet blasting), and laser etching. When the adjacent layer is a polymer layer, a film substrate layer, or a dimming film, the textured contact surface can be achieved through nanoimprinting (e.g., UV nanoimprinting, thermal nanoimprinting, molding nanoimprinting) or transfer printing (e.g., UV transfer printing). For the glass film included in the film substrate layer, texture can typically be achieved using techniques such as direct laser writing or acid etching.

[0099] In one embodiment, the textured surface of the adjacent layers can be formed by the above method, and the material of the semi-reflective layer can be coated on the textured surface to form a semi-reflective layer with a textured surface.

[0100] In a preferred embodiment, the textured first outer surface and the textured second outer surface are parallel. In another preferred embodiment, the root mean square slope of the textured first outer surface is about 2° to about 20°. In yet another preferred embodiment, the root mean square slope of the textured second outer surface is about 2° to about 20°. In a more preferred embodiment, the root mean square slope of the textured first outer surface is equal to the root mean square slope of the textured second outer surface.

[0101] The parallelism of the textured contact surfaces means that the semi-reflective layer has the same thickness in the direction perpendicular to the contact surfaces; that is, the semi-reflective layer has uniform thickness. This uniformity of thickness can be general across the entire texture range or localized within a region of the texture. Specifically, when the texture exhibits a slope variation, the thickness between two consecutive textured contact surfaces can vary for each region as a function of the slope of the texture, but the textured contact surfaces always remain parallel to each other. This is particularly true for semi-reflective layers deposited by cathode sputtering: as the slope of the texture increases, the layer thickness decreases accordingly. Therefore, the layer thickness remains constant in each textured region with a given slope, but the layer thickness differs between a first textured region with a first slope and a second textured region with a second slope different from the first slope.

[0102] In a preferred embodiment, each layer in the semi-reflective layer has a textured contact surface with each adjacent layer, and the texture of each contact surface is conformal to the texture of the adjacent contact surface. In a more preferred embodiment, the textured first outer surface, the textured second outer surface, and each layer in the semi-reflective layer have textured contact surfaces with each adjacent layer that are parallel to each other.

[0103] Composition of semi-reflective layer

[0104] The semi-reflective layer of this application is a multilayer stack. In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer comprises: a first outer dielectric layer; n alternating functional composite layers and at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2; and a second outer dielectric layer; wherein each of the n functional composite layers independently comprises: a single-layer silver metal layer or a single-layer silver alloy layer; a base blocking layer that contacts the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer on the side of the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer opposite to the first outer dielectric layer; and optionally, an additional blocking layer that is located on the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer. The side of the single-layer silver alloy layer facing away from the base blocking layer is in contact with the single-layer silver metal layer or the single-layer silver alloy layer; wherein, the n alternately arranged functional composite layers and at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers are located between the first outer dielectric layer and the second outer dielectric layer, the first outer dielectric layer is in contact with one of the n functional composite layers, and the second outer dielectric layer is in contact with one of the n functional composite layers; the total physical thickness of all the single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers in the semi-reflective layer is about 25 nm or more.

[0105] First outer dielectric layer

[0106] Introducing a first external dielectric layer into the semi-reflective layer can give the semi-reflective layer a certain anti-reflection effect on visible light. Furthermore, the color of visible light reflected by the semi-reflective layer can be adjusted according to optical interference, thereby giving the composite component a unique appearance and aesthetic value.

[0107] The first outer dielectric layer exhibits excellent adhesion properties to all layers in contact with it. This excellent adhesion facilitates a stable bond between layers. When the two sides of the first outer dielectric layer are in contact with the substrate layer (such as the first substrate or the second substrate (see below)) and the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer (or additional blocking layer) included in the composite component, respectively, the first outer dielectric layer can form an extremely excellent adhesion effect with the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer (or additional blocking layer) and the substrate layer. In addition, when the first outer dielectric layer is in contact with the glass substrate, which serves as the substrate layer, it can achieve a good adhesion state with the glass substrate, ensuring the stability and reliability of the overall structure. It can also block the diffusion of ions (such as sodium ions) from the glass substrate, thereby avoiding the adverse effects of these ions on the performance of the semi-reflective layer.

[0108] The first outer dielectric layer may consist of at least one dielectric material layer. In one embodiment, each of the at least one dielectric material layer independently comprises an oxide, nitride, or sulfide of silicon, zirconium, titanium, tin, zinc, aluminum, or any combination thereof.

[0109] In this document, when describing an oxide, nitride, or sulfide of a combination of two substances, it may refer to an oxide, nitride, or sulfide formed by the two substances together. As an example, a nitride of silicon and aluminum may refer to a nitride formed by silicon and aluminum together. For instance, a nitride of silicon and aluminum may include: an aluminum-doped silicon nitride.

[0110] When the first outer dielectric layer includes a dielectric material layer (e.g., a zinc oxide layer or a doped zinc oxide layer, such as an aluminum-doped zinc oxide layer or a gallium-doped zinc oxide layer) that can provide seed points, the seed points can facilitate the deposition or growth of subsequent materials on the surface of the dielectric material layer itself. When the first outer dielectric layer includes such a dielectric material layer, it also facilitates the crystallization of silver in a silver metal or silver alloy layer on the surface of the dielectric material layer, thereby further improving the optical performance of the semi-reflective layer.

[0111] In one embodiment, when the first outer dielectric layer includes a dielectric material layer that can provide seed points, the dielectric material layer that can provide seed points can be the outermost layer of the first outer dielectric layer close to the second outer dielectric layer, so that it can contact a single-layer silver metal layer or a single-layer silver alloy layer or an additional blocking layer, thereby facilitating the effect of the dielectric material layer.

[0112] In one embodiment, each of the at least one dielectric material layer included in the first outer dielectric layer independently comprises: nitride of silicon (SiNx, for example, 1 < x < 1.34), doped nitride of silicon (doped nitride of silicon includes but is not limited to: aluminum-doped nitride of silicon, gallium-doped nitride of silicon), silicon-zirconium nitride (i.e., nitride formed by silicon and zirconium in a certain proportion, such as: can be expressed as SiZrNx, for example, 1 < x < 1.34), oxide of titanium (TiOx, for example, 1.5 < x ≤ 2), titanium-zirconium oxide (TiZrO2), tin-zinc oxide (i.e., oxide formed by tin and zinc in a certain proportion, such as: can be expressed as SnZnOx, for example, 1.5 < x ≤ 2), zinc oxide (ZnO), doped zinc oxide (doped zinc oxide includes but is not limited to: aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide), silicon dioxide (SiO2), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), or zinc sulfide (ZnS). In one embodiment, the first outer dielectric layer comprises: a zinc oxide layer, a silicon-zirconium nitride layer, and a nitride of silicon layer.

[0113] The first outer dielectric layer can have a suitable optical thickness, which can enable the first outer dielectric layer to effectively play its role. In one embodiment, the optical thickness of the first outer dielectric layer is about 20 nm to about 350 nm, such as about 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm, 50 nm, 55 nm, 60 nm, 65 nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 85 nm, 90 nm, 95 nm, 100 nm, 105 nm, 110 nm, 115 nm, 120 nm, 125 nm, 130 nm, 135 nm, 140 nm, 145 nm, 150 nm, 155 nm, 160 nm, 165 nm, 170 nm, 175 nm, 180 nm, 185 nm, 190 nm, 195 nm, 200 nm, 205 nm, 210 nm, 215 nm, 220 nm, 225 nm, 230 nm, 235 nm, 240 nm, 245 nm, 250 nm, 260 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm, 290 nm, 300 nm, 310 nm, 320 nm, 330 nm, 340 nm or 350 nm, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the optical thickness of the first outer dielectric layer is about 20 nm to about 200 nm. This is beneficial to further reduce the process difficulty and production cost.

[0114] The second outer dielectric layer

[0115] Introducing a second outer dielectric layer into the semi-reflective layer can protect the silver or silver alloy in the silver metal layer or silver alloy layer from damage such as oxidation, moisture, or scratches, thus extending the service life of the semi-reflective layer. Furthermore, the second outer dielectric layer can give the semi-reflective layer a certain anti-reflective effect on visible light, and can also adjust the color of the visible light reflected by the semi-reflective layer according to optical interference, thereby giving the composite component a unique appearance and aesthetic value.

[0116] The second outer dielectric layer exhibits excellent adhesion properties to all layers in contact with it. This excellent adhesion performance facilitates a stable bond between layers. When both sides of the second outer dielectric layer are in contact with the first substrate or the second substrate and the base blocking layer, respectively, the second outer dielectric layer can form an extremely excellent adhesion effect with both the base blocking layer and the first or second substrate.

[0117] The second outer dielectric layer may consist of at least one dielectric material layer. In one embodiment, each of the at least one dielectric material layer independently comprises an oxide, nitride, or sulfide of silicon, zirconium, titanium, tin, zinc, aluminum, or any combination thereof.

[0118] When the second outer dielectric layer includes a dielectric material layer (e.g., a zinc oxide layer or a doped zinc oxide layer, such as an aluminum-doped zinc oxide layer or a gallium-doped zinc oxide layer) that can provide seed points, the seed points can facilitate the deposition or growth of subsequent materials on the surface of the dielectric material layer itself.

[0119] In one embodiment, when the second outer dielectric layer includes a dielectric material layer that can provide seed points, the dielectric material layer that can provide seed points can be the outermost layer of the second outer dielectric layer close to the first outer dielectric layer, so that it can contact the base blocking layer, thereby facilitating the effect of the dielectric material layer.

[0120] In one embodiment, each of the at least one dielectric material layer included in the second outer dielectric layer independently includes: nitride of silicon (SiNx, for example, 1 < x < 1.34), doped nitride of silicon (doped nitride of silicon includes but is not limited to: aluminum-doped nitride of silicon, gallium-doped nitride of silicon), silicon-zirconium nitride (i.e., nitride formed by silicon and zirconium in a certain proportion, such as: can be expressed as SiZrNx, for example, 1 < x < 1.34), oxide of titanium (TiOx, for example, 1.5 < x ≤ 2), titanium-zirconium oxide (TiZrO2), tin-zinc oxide (i.e., oxide formed by tin and zinc in a certain proportion, such as: can be expressed as SnZnOx, for example, 1.5 < x ≤ 2), zinc oxide (ZnO), doped zinc oxide (doped zinc oxide includes but is not limited to: aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide), silicon dioxide (SiO2), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), or zinc sulfide (ZnS). In one embodiment, the second outer dielectric layer includes: a zinc oxide layer, a nitride of silicon layer, and a silicon-zirconium nitride layer.

[0121] The second outer dielectric layer may have a suitable optical thickness, which can enable the second outer dielectric layer to effectively play its role. In one embodiment, the optical thickness of the second outer dielectric layer is about 20 nm to about 350 nm, for example, about 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm, 50 nm, 55 nm, 60 nm, 65 nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 85 nm, 90 nm, 95 nm, 100 nm, 105 nm, 110 nm, 115 nm, 120 nm, 125 nm, 130 nm, 135 nm, 140 nm, 145 nm, 150 nm, 155 nm, 160 nm, 165 nm, 170 nm, 175 nm, 180 nm, 185 nm, 190 nm, 195 nm, 200 nm, 205 nm, 210 nm, 215 nm, 220 nm, 225 nm, 230 nm, 235 nm, 240 nm, 245 nm, 250 nm, 260 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm, 290 nm, 300 nm, 310 nm, 320 nm, 330 nm, 340 nm or 350 nm, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the optical thickness of the second outer dielectric layer is about 20 nm to about 200 nm. This is beneficial to further reduce the process difficulty and production cost.

[0122] n alternately arranged functional composite layers and at most n - 1 intermediate dielectric layers

[0123] The alternating arrangement of n functional composite layers and at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers is located between the first outer dielectric layer and the second outer dielectric layer. That is, taking the alternating arrangement of n functional composite layers and at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers as a whole, the first outer dielectric layer and the second outer dielectric layer are located on both sides of this whole.

[0124] The first outer dielectric layer is in contact with one of the n functional composite layers, that is, the first outer dielectric layer is in contact with a functional composite layer but not an intermediate dielectric layer, and the second outer dielectric layer is in contact with one of the n functional composite layers, that is, the second outer dielectric layer is also in contact with a functional composite layer but not an intermediate dielectric layer. For the entire arrangement of n alternating functional composite layers and at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers, the outermost layers on both sides are functional composite layers.

[0125] For illustrative purposes, when n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the functional composite layers in the alternately arranged n functional composite layers and at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers are respectively referred to as the 1st functional composite layer, the 2nd functional composite layer, ..., the nth functional composite layer. The first outer dielectric layer contacts the 1st functional composite layer on the side facing away from the second outer dielectric layer. The second outer dielectric layer contacts the nth functional composite layer on the side facing away from the first outer dielectric layer.

[0126] In this application, the alternating arrangement of n functional composite layers and at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers refers to a structure arranged as follows: each of the at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers is inserted between any two adjacent functional composite layers among the n functional composite layers, such that at most one intermediate dielectric layer exists between two adjacent functional composite layers. For illustrative purposes, in the n functional composite layers, for any functional composite layer (denoted as functional composite layer M1), there may be no intermediate dielectric layer between this functional composite layer and its adjacent functional composite layer (denoted as functional composite layer M2), or there may be one intermediate dielectric layer, that is, functional composite layer M1 may be in contact with functional composite layer M2, or there may be one intermediate dielectric layer between functional composite layer M1 and functional composite layer M2.

[0127] Functional composite layer

[0128] Each of the n functional composite layers is independently composed of the following layers: a single-layer silver metal layer or a single-layer silver alloy layer; a basic blocking layer that contacts the single-layer silver metal layer or the single-layer silver alloy layer on the side of the single-layer silver metal layer or the single-layer silver alloy layer away from the first outer dielectric layer; and optionally, an additional blocking layer that contacts the single-layer silver metal layer or the single-layer silver alloy layer on the side of the single-layer silver metal layer or the single-layer silver alloy layer away from the basic blocking layer.

[0129] A single-layer silver metal layer refers to a single layer formed of silver. A single-layer silver alloy layer refers to a single layer formed of a silver alloy. Silver or silver alloys are key materials used to provide reflection in a semi-reflective layer. The silver alloy refers to an alloy with silver as its main component; for example, the silver content in the silver alloy can be 50% by weight or more, 60% by weight or more, 70% by weight or more, 80% by weight or more, 90% by weight or more, etc. The silver alloy includes, but is not limited to, silver-zinc alloys, silver-aluminum alloys, etc.

[0130] Compared to other metals or metal alloys (e.g., aluminum or aluminum alloys), using a single layer of silver metal or a single layer of silver alloy as the metal layer in a functional composite layer has the following advantages: (1) the silver or silver alloy coating can withstand bending, thus making it suitable for a wider range of processing scenarios; (2) when the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective coating (which is related to the external appearance and thermal comfort of the composite component) and the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light (which is related to external visibility and privacy protection) are similar, the silver or silver alloy coating has the advantage in minimizing SCE1 (i.e., the diffuse reflectance of the composite component to visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate), which can reduce light pollution on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate and optimize the view from that side to the other side (e.g., making the view clearer).

[0131] In a semi-reflective layer, all the single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers can have a suitable total physical thickness, which helps to improve the performance of the semi-reflective layer and the composite component containing it. For example, a single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer with a suitable total physical thickness is beneficial for the semi-reflective layer to achieve the desired absorption, scattering, and reflection of light, while also taking into account a suitable range of transmittance of the composite component, thereby benefiting the optical performance of the composite component containing the semi-reflective layer.

[0132] The total physical thickness of all the single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers in the semi-reflective layer can reach a certain level, which helps to improve the thermal comfort of the composite component. In one embodiment, the total physical thickness of all the single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers in the semi-reflective layer can be about 25 nm or more, for example, about 25 nm or more, 28 nm or more, 30 nm or more, 32 nm or more, 35 nm or more, 38 nm or more, 40 nm or more, 42 nm or more, 45 nm or more, or 48 nm or more.

[0133] The total physical thickness of all the single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers in the semi-reflective layer can be controlled within a specific range. This not only helps the composite component achieve a suitable range of transmittance but also helps control the diffuse reflectance of the second substrate on the side facing away from the first substrate within a desired low range. In one embodiment, the total physical thickness of all the single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers in the semi-reflective layer is less than about 50 nm, for example, less than about 50 nm, less than about 48 nm, or less than about 45 nm.

[0134] In one embodiment, the total physical thickness of all the single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers in the semi-reflective layer is about 30 nm or more. In another embodiment, the total physical thickness of all the single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers in the semi-reflective layer is about 45 nm or less. For example, the total physical thickness of all the single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers in the semi-reflective layer can be about 30 nm, 31 nm, 33 nm, 34 nm, 36 nm, 37 nm, 39 nm, 41 nm, 43 nm, 44 nm, or 45 nm, etc. This range of total physical thickness is beneficial for the composite component to have both further improved thermal comfort and more suitable transmittance, and also helps the composite component to achieve further improved control of diffuse reflection on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate.

[0135] In one embodiment, the physical thickness of each of the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer is independently less than about 45 nm, for example, it can be less than about 45 nm, less than 42 nm, less than 40 nm, less than 38 nm, less than 35 nm, less than 32 nm, less than 30 nm, less than 28 nm, or less than 25 nm, etc. It should be understood that in the n functional composite layers, the physical thickness of each of the n single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer is greater than 0, for example, the physical thickness of each of the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer can be independently greater than 0 nm, greater than 0.5 nm, greater than 1 nm, greater than 2 nm, greater than 3 nm, greater than 4 nm, or greater than 5 nm, etc.

[0136] Preferably, the physical thickness of each of the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer is independently from about 10 nm to about 20 nm, for example, about 10 nm, 11 nm, 12 nm, 13 nm, 14 nm, 15 nm, 16 nm, 17 nm, 18 nm, 19 nm, or 20 nm. The single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer in the semi-reflective layer can each have a suitable physical thickness, which is beneficial to the semi-reflective layer and the composite component containing it, for example, resulting in higher yield and better mechanical properties. Without being bound by theory, single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers with suitable thicknesses can refine the grain size of silver (silver alloy), and through factors such as the Hall-Petch effect and grain boundary strengthening, optimize product yield and mechanical properties (e.g., tensile strength, yield strength, shear strength, etc.).

[0137] The semi-reflective layer of this application comprises multiple functional composite layers. Specifically, the semi-reflective layer may contain multiple single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers, each of which is separated from the others by other layers (e.g., a base blocking layer, an additional blocking layer, an intermediate dielectric layer, etc.) and does not contact each other. This design of multiple separated single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers is beneficial to the performance of the semi-reflective layer. For example, compared to a design where the semi-reflective layer contains only one single-layer silver metal or single-layer silver alloy layer prepared by a single deposition, this application, by separating the deposition process of the silver metal or silver alloy layer and ensuring that the multiple-deposited single-layer silver metal or single-layer silver alloy layers have a suitable total physical thickness, can minimize the stress (including thermal stress and internal stress) and defects (e.g., cracks and voids) accumulated during the deposition process. By controlling the stress and defects of the silver metal or silver alloy layer, the silver metal or silver alloy layer can be strengthened, thereby improving the flexural compatibility of the semi-reflective layer and the composite component containing the semi-reflective layer. Furthermore, since the silver metal or silver alloy layer in the semi-reflective layer is obtained through multiple deposition processes rather than a single deposition, the limitations of deposition through a single cathode are avoided, thus helping to reduce sensitivity to pinholes. At the same time, the multiple deposition process allows for the use of more cathodes in existing coating machines, which not only improves the compatibility of production equipment but also increases production line speed and reduces production costs.

[0138] In one implementation, each monolayer of silver metal or monolayer of silver alloy has the same physical thickness. That is, the thickness of all monolayers of silver metal or monolayers of silver alloy in the semi-reflective layer is consistent. This design simplifies the fabrication process of the semi-reflective layer and reduces production costs.

[0139] The base blocking layer can be used to protect the silver metal layer or silver alloy layer during and after the fabrication of the semi-reflective layer. The base blocking layer can be in contact with the monolayer silver metal layer or monolayer silver alloy layer on the side of the monolayer silver metal layer or monolayer silver alloy layer opposite to the first outer dielectric layer.

[0140] An additional barrier layer may optionally be present, and it may be in contact with the monolayer silver metal layer or monolayer silver alloy layer on the side opposite to the base barrier layer. The additional barrier layer helps to improve the adhesion of the silver metal layer or silver alloy layer.

[0141] It should be understood that the semi-reflective layer of this application contains two or more (i.e., n is an integer ≥2) functional composite layers. The basic blocking layer in all functional composite layers is close to the second outer dielectric layer and far away from the first outer dielectric layer. The additional blocking layer in all functional composite layers (when present) is close to the first outer dielectric layer and far away from the second outer dielectric layer.

[0142] In one implementation, n is an integer from 2 to 6, preferably an integer from 2 to 4, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. A suitable number (n) of functional composite layers can reduce the structural complexity of the semi-reflective layer while ensuring its functionality, thus simplifying the fabrication process and reducing production costs.

[0143] In one embodiment, the basic blocking layers included in the semi-reflective layer may each independently comprise any one or any combination of nickel, chromium, titanium, niobium, gold, aluminum, platinum, rhodium, copper, zinc, and any alloy thereof. The alloys include, but are not limited to, nickel-chromium alloys.

[0144] In one embodiment, the additional blocking layers included in the semi-reflective layer may each independently comprise any one or any combination of nickel, chromium, titanium, niobium, gold, aluminum, platinum, rhodium, copper, zinc, and any alloy thereof. The alloys include, but are not limited to, nickel-chromium alloys.

[0145] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in addition to the metals or metal alloys mentioned above, the materials of the base blocking layer and the additional blocking layer can also be other metals or metal alloys, as long as the metals or metal alloys used can enable the layer to achieve the desired blocking effect.

[0146] The basic blocking layers contained in the semi-reflective layer can each have an appropriate physical thickness, which allows the basic blocking layers to function effectively. In one embodiment, the physical thickness of each basic blocking layer can be independently from about 0.1 nm to about 4 nm, for example, about 0.1 nm, 0.2 nm, 0.4 nm, 0.5 nm, 0.8 nm, 1.0 nm, 1.2 nm, 1.5 nm, 1.8 nm, 2.0 nm, 2.2 nm, 2.5 nm, 2.8 nm, 3.0 nm, 3.2 nm, 3.5 nm, 3.8 nm, or 4.0 nm.

[0147] The additional blocking layers included in the semi-reflective layer can each have an appropriate physical thickness, which allows the additional blocking layers to function effectively. In one embodiment, the physical thickness of each additional blocking layer can be independently from about 0.1 nm to about 4 nm, for example, about 0.1 nm, 0.2 nm, 0.5 nm, 0.8 nm, 1.0 nm, 1.2 nm, 1.5 nm, 1.8 nm, 2.0 nm, 2.2 nm, 2.5 nm, 2.8 nm, 3.0 nm, 3.2 nm, 3.5 nm, 3.8 nm, or 4.0 nm.

[0148] Intermediate dielectric layer

[0149] In the semi-reflective layer, an intermediate dielectric layer can be optionally introduced between the two functional composite layers, so that the semi-reflective layer has adjustable anti-reflection characteristics in the visible light range. The color of the semi-reflective layer reflecting visible light can also be adjusted according to optical interference, thereby giving the composite component a unique appearance and aesthetic value.

[0150] The semi-reflective layer may comprise at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers. In one embodiment, each of the at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers may consist of at least one dielectric material layer. In one embodiment, each of the at least one dielectric material layer independently comprises an oxide, nitride, or sulfide of silicon, zirconium, titanium, tin, zinc, aluminum, or any combination thereof.

[0151] When the intermediate dielectric layer includes a dielectric material layer (e.g., a zinc oxide layer or a doped zinc oxide layer, such as an aluminum-doped zinc oxide layer or a gallium-doped zinc oxide layer) that can provide seed points, the seed points can facilitate the deposition or growth of subsequent materials on the surface of the dielectric material layer itself. When the intermediate dielectric layer is in contact with a monolayer of silver metal or silver alloy in the functional composite layer, the dielectric material layer that can provide seed points can also promote the crystallization of silver in the silver metal or silver alloy layer on the surface of the dielectric material layer, thereby further optimizing the optical performance of the semi-reflective layer.

[0152] In one embodiment, each intermediate dielectric layer includes at least one dielectric material layer, which independently includes: nitride of silicon (SiNx, for example, 1 < x < 1.34), doped nitride of silicon (doped nitride of silicon includes, but is not limited to: aluminum-doped nitride of silicon, gallium-doped nitride of silicon), silicon-zirconium nitride (i.e., nitride formed by silicon and zirconium in a certain proportion, such as: can be expressed as SiZrNx, for example, 1 < x < 1.34), oxide of titanium (TiOx, for example, 1.5 < x ≤ 2), titanium-zirconium oxide (TiZrO2), tin-zinc oxide (i.e., oxide formed by tin and zinc in a certain proportion, such as: can be expressed as SnZnOx, for example, 1.5 < x ≤ 2), zinc oxide (ZnO), doped zinc oxide (doped zinc oxide includes, but is not limited to: aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide), silicon dioxide (SiO2), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), or zinc sulfide (ZnS). In one embodiment, the intermediate dielectric layer includes: a silicon nitride (Si3N4) layer and a zinc oxide layer. In a preferred embodiment, the intermediate dielectric layer includes: a zinc oxide layer. The zinc oxide layer as the intermediate dielectric layer is beneficial to the smooth and uniform growth of the metal layer (i.e., silver layer, silver alloy layer) on the zinc oxide layer, and thus is beneficial to optimizing the overall optical performance of the semi-reflective layer.

[0153] Each intermediate dielectric layer can independently have a suitable optical thickness, which can enable the intermediate dielectric layer to effectively play its role. In one embodiment, among the at most n - 1 intermediate dielectric layers, the optical thickness of each intermediate dielectric layer can independently be about 300 nm or less. For example, it can be about 300 nm or less, 250 nm or less, 220 nm or less, etc. In one embodiment, the semi-reflective layer includes at most n - 1 (n is an integer greater than or equal to 2) intermediate dielectric layers. For example, n - 1 (n is an integer greater than or equal to 2), n - 2 (n is an integer greater than or equal to 2) intermediate dielectric layers, n - 3 (n is an integer greater than or equal to 3) intermediate dielectric layers, n - 4 (n is an integer greater than or equal to 4) intermediate dielectric layers, or n - 5 (n is an integer greater than or equal to 5) intermediate dielectric layers. Again, for example, 0, 1, 2... n - 2, or n - 1 intermediate dielectric layers. As an example, when n = 2, the semi-reflective layer can include 0 or 1 intermediate dielectric layer; when n = 3, the semi-reflective layer can include 0, 1, or 2 intermediate dielectric layers; when n = 4, the semi-reflective layer can include 0, 1, 2, or 3 intermediate dielectric layers; when n = 5, the semi-reflective layer can include 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 intermediate dielectric layers; when n = 6, the semi-reflective layer can include 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 intermediate dielectric layers.

[0154] In one embodiment, among the at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers, one or more intermediate dielectric layers have an optical thickness that is independently greater than or equal to about 0 nm and less than about 140 nm, for example, about 0 nm, 1 nm, 2 nm, 5 nm, 8 nm, 10 nm, 12 nm, 14 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm, 50 nm, 55 nm, 60 nm, 65 nm, 70 nm, 80 nm, 85 nm, 90 nm, 95 nm, 100 nm, 105 nm, 110 nm, 115 nm, 120 nm, 125 nm, 130 nm, 135 nm, 137 nm, or 139 nm, etc. Preferably, among the at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers, one or more intermediate dielectric layers have an optical thickness that is independently greater than or equal to about 0 nm and less than about 100 nm. More preferably, among the at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers, one or more intermediate dielectric layers have an optical thickness that is independently greater than or equal to about 0 nm to less than about 50 nm. In a further embodiment, the optical thickness of each of the at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers can be independently greater than or equal to about 0 nm and less than about 140 nm, preferably greater than or equal to about 0 nm and less than about 100 nm, more preferably greater than or equal to about 0 nm and less than about 50 nm. This application utilizes the high reflectivity of the composite component to improve thermal comfort. Based on this, the requirement for the anti-reflection effect of the semi-reflective layer is very low. This means that the intermediate dielectric layer of this application does not need to play a role in the anti-reflection of visible light (which is significantly different from the prior art), thereby allowing for a significant reduction in the thickness of the intermediate dielectric layer. Furthermore, in this application, the presence of the textured structure causes the composite component to reflect visible light in a diffuse rather than specular manner. This increases the acceptable upper limit of the visible light reflectivity of the composite component, thereby facilitating further reduction in the thickness of the intermediate dielectric layer. Therefore, this application can achieve the desired good performance (such as environmental thermal comfort control, projection display effect, light pollution control, visual optimization effect, etc.) by using a thinner intermediate dielectric layer, and can also reduce the overall thickness (which can shorten the preparation time and facilitate the assembly process).

[0155] The semi-reflective layer of this application comprises at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers. That is, the semi-reflective layer of this application may not contain any intermediate dielectric layers, or it may contain 1, 2, ..., n-2 to n-1 intermediate dielectric layers, each of which exists between two adjacent metal-barrier layers such that the two adjacent metal-barrier layers are separated by the intermediate dielectric layer. Benefiting from the reduced requirements for the anti-reflective effect of the semi-reflective layer and the increased acceptable upper limit of visible light reflectivity of the composite component due to the texture structure (as described above), the number of intermediate dielectric layers in this application can also be reduced. Reducing the number of intermediate dielectric layers helps simplify the fabrication process of the semi-reflective layer and saves production costs.

[0156] When there is no intermediate dielectric layer between two adjacent metal-barrier layers, the two adjacent metal-barrier layers will be in contact with each other. Specifically, two single-layer silver metal layers or silver alloy layers are separated by a base barrier layer (or a base barrier layer and an additional barrier layer).

[0157] In one embodiment, when the intermediate dielectric layer includes a dielectric material layer that can provide seed points, the dielectric material layer that can provide seed points can be the outermost layer of the intermediate dielectric layer, thereby allowing it to contact the base blocking layer, the additional blocking layer, or a single layer of silver metal or a single layer of silver alloy, which is beneficial to the effect of the dielectric material layer.

[0158] In one embodiment, n=3, the semi-reflective layer comprises three functional composite layers and two intermediate dielectric layers arranged alternately, wherein the semi-reflective layer comprises, in sequence: a first outer dielectric layer; an optional first additional blocking layer; a first monolayer silver metal layer or a monolayer silver alloy layer; a first basic blocking layer; a first intermediate dielectric layer; an optional second additional blocking layer; a second monolayer silver metal layer or a monolayer silver alloy layer; a second basic blocking layer; a second intermediate dielectric layer; an optional third additional blocking layer; a third monolayer silver metal layer or a monolayer silver alloy layer; a third basic blocking layer; and a second outer dielectric layer.

[0159] Figure 7A specific embodiment of the semi-reflective layer is shown, where n = 3. The semi-reflective layer 700 sequentially comprises: a first outer dielectric layer 701, which sequentially comprises: a silicon nitride (Si3N4) layer 7011, a SiZrNx (silicon-zirconium nitride) layer 7012, and a zinc oxide (ZnO) layer 7013; a first monolayer silver metal layer 702; a nickel-chromium alloy (NiCr) as a first base blocking layer 703; a zinc oxide (ZnO) layer as a first intermediate dielectric layer 704; and a second monolayer silver metal layer 705. A nickel-chromium alloy (NiCr) is used as the second basic blocking layer 706; a zinc oxide (ZnO) layer is used as the second intermediate dielectric layer 707; a third monolayer silver metal layer 708; a nickel-chromium alloy (NiCr) is used as the third basic blocking layer 709; and a second outer dielectric layer 710, which sequentially includes a zinc oxide (ZnO) layer 7101, a silicon nitride (Si3N4) layer 7102, and a SiZrNx (silicon-zirconium nitride) layer 7103.

[0160] In one embodiment, the composite component of this application further includes a substrate having a textured surface, the textured surface of which is in contact with the first outer dielectric layer. Optionally, the substrate is a polymer layer, a glass substrate, a dimming film, or a film substrate layer.

[0161] In this application, the semi-reflective layer is a multilayer stack, which can be symmetrically or asymmetrically stacked. For example, for illustrative purposes only and not for actual stacking design, a 40nm TiOx / 20nm Ag / 1nm NiCr / 20nm Ag / 40nm TiOx stack is a symmetrical stack, while a 40nm TiOx / 20nm Ag / 1nm NiCr / 20nm Ag / 8nm SiZrNx stack is an asymmetrical stack. Specifically, when the multilayer stack of the semi-reflective layer is symmetrically stacked, it can be considered that the semi-reflective layer reflects and absorbs incident light equally from both sides (e.g., from the side of the first substrate facing away from the second substrate and from the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate). When the multilayer stack of semi-reflective layers is asymmetrical, the reflection and absorption of incident light from both sides of the semi-reflective layer can be different at the lamination interface (but according to optical theory, the transmission of incident light from both sides of the semi-reflective layer is the same). This difference helps to achieve different optical effects on both sides of the semi-reflective layer (such as different color appearances or different reflectivities). For example, when used in car windows, it can make the inside and outside of the window have different optical effects, such as a colorful appearance observed from the outside of the car, while still displaying a neutral color to the inside of the car. In addition, the transmission can remain neutral while the reflection can be designed to be colored.

[0162] Further design of composite components

[0163] In addition to including the semi-reflective layer, the composite component of this application may further include: a first substrate and a second substrate; wherein the semi-reflective layer is located between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first substrate is in contact with a first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of the first substrate is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer; and the second substrate is in contact with a second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of the second substrate is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. In a specific embodiment, the first substrate is closer to external sunlight than the second substrate. That is, the first substrate faces external sunlight, and the second substrate faces away from external sunlight.

[0164] In one embodiment, the composite component serves as a projection screen, with the second substrate facing the projection light for forming a projected image on the side of the semi-reflective layer facing the second substrate. In this document, the projected image is not limited; for example, it can be static text, numbers, symbols, or images, or it can be dynamic video.

[0165] In one embodiment, the composite component comprises a first substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a second substrate. That is, the main body of the composite component comprises the first substrate, the semi-reflective layer, and the second substrate. For example, the main body may not include the circumferential edges of the composite component. In one example, the main body of the composite component may correspond to more than 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of the main surface area (e.g., in terms of main surface area) of the composite component. That is, the portion corresponding to more than 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of the main surface area (e.g., in terms of main surface area) of the composite component comprises the first substrate, the semi-reflective layer, and the second substrate.

[0166] In one embodiment, the area or size of the semi-reflective layer is substantially the same as the area or size of the first substrate and / or the second substrate. Here, area or size refers to the area or size projected along the cross-sectional direction of the composite component. The "cross-section" of the composite component is a section taken along the thickness direction of the composite component, and the "cross-sectional direction" is a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the composite component or the normal direction of the main surface of the composite component.

[0167] Figure 1An embodiment of the composite component of the present invention is shown, wherein the composite component comprises: a first substrate 101, a semi-reflective layer 102, and a second substrate 103, wherein the semi-reflective layer 102 is located between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 103. Further, Figure 2 Show Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the semi-reflective layer 102, wherein the semi-reflective layer 102 has a textured first outer surface 1021 and a textured second outer surface 1022.

[0168] Diffuse reflection and transmission of visible light by a semi-reflective layer

[0169] In the composite component of the present invention, the semi-reflective layer has a high diffuse reflectance for visible light in incident light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate. In a specific embodiment, the incident light is sunlight, and the semi-reflective layer also has a high diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light in this incident light.

[0170] On one hand, in this invention, the semi-reflective layer diffusely reflects visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate and has a high diffuse reflectance. This high diffuse reflectance contributes to good thermal comfort on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, and diffuse reflection, rather than specular reflection, avoids light pollution. Correspondingly, the semi-reflective layer has a relatively low transmittance for visible light. In a specific embodiment, the visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate originates from sunlight outside the composite component; that is, the visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate is a portion of external sunlight. In this case, as described above, the semi-reflective layer can also have a high diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light in this external sunlight.

[0171] On the other hand, in this invention, the semi-reflective layer diffusely reflects visible light incident from the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate and may have a high diffuse reflectance. By employing diffuse reflection instead of specular reflection and combining it with appropriate light absorption properties of the second substrate, it helps to effectively control light pollution on the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate, and also allows for a better view on the other side of the composite component, for example, a clearer view on the other side of the composite component. In one specific embodiment, the visible light incident from the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate is an internal visible light source of the composite component. In a more specific embodiment, depending on the application scenario of the composite component, the visible light incident from the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate can be indoor visible light from vehicles such as cars and trains. Similarly, combining it with appropriate light absorption properties of the second substrate helps to achieve good projection display effects on the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate, and again, diffuse reflection instead of specular reflection can avoid light pollution. In a particularly specific embodiment, the visible light is visible light emitted by projection equipment inside vehicles such as cars and trains.

[0172] The media on both sides of the semi-reflective layer, i.e., the first substrate and the second substrate, can have similar or identical refractive indices. This helps to give the composite component of the present invention low haze, thereby meeting the low haze requirements of certain application scenarios. The haze can be less than 10%, preferably less than 5%. The low haze of the composite component ensures a clear view through the composite component. Specifically, the first substrate and the second substrate each comprise at least one layer, and any layer in the first substrate has similar or identical refractive indices to any layer in the second substrate. In one embodiment, the absolute value of the difference in refractive indices between any layer in the first substrate and any layer in the second substrate can be less than 0.05, preferably less than 0.02, more preferably less than 0.015, such as less than 0.05, less than 0.02, less than 0.018, less than 0.016, less than 0.015, less than 0.014, less than 0.012, less than 0.01, less than 0.008, less than 0.006, less than 0.004, less than 0.002, etc.

[0173] First substrate

[0174] In the composite component of the present invention, the first substrate is located on one side of the semi-reflective layer. In one embodiment, the first substrate may have high transmittance to visible light (e.g., wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm). That is, the first substrate can be considered as a transparent substrate in the visible light wavelength range. In a further embodiment, the transmittance of the first substrate to visible light (e.g., wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm) may be 60% or more, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 88% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 95.5% or more, 96% or more, 96.5% or more, 97% or more, 97.5% or more, 98% or more, 98.5% or more, 99% or more, 99.5% or more, 99.9% or more, or higher. In a further embodiment, the first substrate may also have high transmittance to near-infrared light (e.g., wavelength range of 780 nm to 2500 nm). That is, the first substrate can be considered as a transparent substrate in both the visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges. In yet another embodiment, the transmittance of the first substrate to near-infrared light (e.g., wavelength range of 780 nm to 2500 nm) may be 60% or more, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 88% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 95.5% or more, 96% or more, 96.5% or more, 97% or more, 97.5% or more, 98% or more, 98.5% or more, 99% or more, 99.5% or more, or 99.9% or more. Such a first substrate can transmit most of the visible and near-infrared light, and can make full use of the high reflectivity of the semi-reflective layer for visible and near-infrared light.

[0175] Composition of the first substrate

[0176] In one embodiment, the first substrate includes any one or any combination of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a polymer layer, and a film substrate layer. For example, the first substrate may be a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a polymer layer, a film substrate layer, etc. In a specific embodiment, the first substrate may be a combination of a glass substrate and / or an adhesive layer and / or a polymer layer and / or a film substrate layer.

[0177] Glass substrate

[0178] The glass substrate can be an amorphous inorganic non-metallic material, generally made from a variety of inorganic minerals (such as quartz sand, borax, boric acid, barite, barium carbonate, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, etc.) as the main raw materials, with the addition of a small amount of auxiliary materials. Its main component is silicon dioxide and other oxides. "Glass" can be any type of glass, including sodium-containing glass and low-sodium glass (e.g., high borosilicate glass, high aluminosilicate glass, etc.). The shape of the glass substrate can be arbitrary. Depending on the actual needs, the glass substrate can be, for example, square, rectangular, circular, elliptical, regular hexagonal, etc. Depending on the actual needs, the glass can be tempered glass, such as glass that has undergone chemical tempering. Furthermore, depending on the actual needs, the glass substrate can be flat glass or curved glass. Additionally, the thickness of the glass substrate is approximately 1 mm or more. In one embodiment, the thickness of the glass substrate is approximately 1 mm or more and approximately 4 mm or less. For example, approximately 1 mm, approximately 2 mm, approximately 3 mm, and approximately 4 mm.

[0179] In one embodiment, the glass substrate comprises any one or any combination of soda-lime silicate float glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, glass-ceramic glass, and polycarbonate glass. In a preferred embodiment, the glass substrate is soda-lime silicate float glass.

[0180] When a glass substrate is used as the first substrate of this invention, its advantages, such as low haze, high transparency, and good scratch resistance, can be fully utilized. Furthermore, the abundance of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the glass structure enables the glass substrate to have strong adhesion to adjacent layers (especially adjacent layers of polymer materials). A suitable type of glass substrate can give the first substrate or the composite component of this invention high transmittance to visible light (e.g., external visible light), allowing most of the visible light to pass through the first substrate and reach the semi-reflective layer, thereby helping the semi-reflective layer to fulfill its function and achieve effects such as thermal comfort control of the composite component. Both plain white glass and ultra-clear glass can ensure that the transmittance of the first substrate or the composite component of this invention to visible light (e.g., external visible light) is within the desired range; preferably, ultra-clear glass is used as the first substrate to obtain even higher transmittance.

[0181] Adhesive layer

[0182] In this invention, the adhesive layer used as the first substrate is transparent and has high transmittance, allowing most visible light to pass through. Additionally, the adhesive layer also possesses suitable adhesion to adjacent layers. In one embodiment, the adhesive layer comprises any one or any combination of optical adhesive, thermoplastic polymer, and pressure-sensitive adhesive. In a preferred embodiment, the adhesive layer comprises any one or any combination of polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, and ionomer interlayer. In a more preferred embodiment, the adhesive layer comprises an ionomer interlayer.

[0183] polymer layer

[0184] In one embodiment, the polymer layer comprises any one or any combination of polyester, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyamide, polyimide, rigid polyvinyl butyral, photocrosslinked and / or photopolymerized resin, and polythiourethane.

[0185] Membrane substrate layer

[0186] In one embodiment, the film substrate layer comprises any one or any combination of a glass film, a thermoplastic polymer film, or the like. In a preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer film comprises any one or any combination of polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyimide, cyclic olefin polymer, polycarbonate, and cellulose triacetate. In a more preferred embodiment, the thickness of the glass film is from about 25 μm to about 200 μm. In another more preferred embodiment, the thickness of the thermoplastic polymer film is from about 0.15 mm to about 0.25 mm.

[0187] Setting of the first substrate

[0188] The first substrate comprises two main surfaces. In this invention, one main surface of the first substrate is textured and contacts the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, wherein the texture of the contact surface between the first substrate and the semi-reflective layer is complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. Correspondingly, the other main surface of the first substrate may be smooth and non-rough, facing away from the semi-reflective layer. The first substrate may be a single layer or multiple layers, all of which are transparent. The term "transparent" as used here refers to a high transmittance of the layer to visible light (e.g., wavelengths from 380 nm to 780 nm), for example, transmittance of 60% or higher, 65% or higher, 70% or higher, 75% or higher, 80% or higher, 85% or higher, 88% or higher, 90% or higher, 91% or higher, 92% or higher, 93% or higher, 94% or higher, 95% or higher, 95.5% or higher, 96% or higher, 96.5% or higher, 97% or higher, 97.5% or higher, 98% or higher, 98.5% or higher, 99% or higher, 99.5% or higher, or higher. A transparent layer has limited optical absorption of light in the visible light wavelength range and allows the vast majority of visible light to pass through. Furthermore, the term "transparent" as used herein can also refer to the layer's high transmittance of near-infrared light (e.g., wavelengths from 780 nm to 2500 nm), for example, transmittance of 60% or higher, 65% or higher, 70% or higher, 75% or higher, 80% or higher, 85% or higher, 88% or higher, 90% or higher, 91% or higher, 92% or higher, 93% or higher, 94% or higher, 95% or higher, 95.5% or higher, 96% or higher, 96.5% or higher, 97% or higher, 97.5% or higher, 98% or higher, 98.5% or higher, 99% or higher, 99.5% or higher, or higher. Such a transparent layer exhibits limited optical absorption of light in the visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges, allowing the transmission of the vast majority of visible and near-infrared light.

[0189] As used herein, the term "main surface" refers to a surface that faces or is away from light. For example, in the composite assembly of the present invention, one main surface of the first substrate may be a surface facing visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate. For example, another main surface of the first substrate may be a surface away from visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate.

[0190] In one exemplary implementation, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the first substrate 101 contacts the textured first outer surface 1021 of the semi-reflective layer 102, and the contact surface between the first substrate and the semi-reflective layer is textured, the texture being complementary to the texture of the first outer surface 1021 of the semi-reflective layer 102; while the main surface of the first substrate 101 facing away from the semi-reflective layer 102 can be smooth and non-rough.

[0191] In one embodiment, the first substrate comprises at least one layer.

[0192] In one embodiment, the first substrate includes at least one layer, wherein one surface of the layer contacts a first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of the layer is textured and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and all layers included in the first substrate are transparent.

[0193] In one specific implementation, when the first layer of the first substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a glass substrate, the texture on the glass substrate can be achieved through processes such as acid etching, sandblasting (dry blasting, wet blasting), and laser etching. When the first layer of the first substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer or a film substrate layer, the texture on the polymer layer or film substrate layer can be achieved through processes such as nanoimprinting (e.g., UV nanoimprinting, thermal nanoimprinting, mold compression nanoimprinting) or transfer printing (e.g., UV transfer printing). For the glass film included in the film substrate layer, the texture can typically be achieved through techniques such as direct laser writing or acid etching.

[0194] In one embodiment, the first layer of the first substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a glass substrate, and the first layer of the second substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer or an adhesive layer; or the first layer of the first substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer, and the first layer of the second substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer, an adhesive layer, a glass substrate, a film substrate layer, or a dimming film; or the first layer of the first substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is an adhesive layer, and the first layer of the second substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer, a glass substrate, a film substrate layer, or a dimming film; or the first layer of the first substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a film substrate layer, and the first layer of the second substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer or an adhesive layer.

[0195] In one embodiment, the first substrate further includes a second layer that contacts the first layer of the first substrate on the side of the first layer away from the semi-reflective layer. When the first layer of the first substrate is a polymer layer, the second layer of the first substrate is an adhesive layer. Optionally, the first substrate further includes a glass substrate that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer away from the polymer layer. Alternatively, the second layer of the first substrate is a film substrate layer. Optionally, the first substrate further includes an adhesive layer that contacts the film substrate layer on the side of the film substrate layer away from the polymer layer. More optionally, the first substrate further includes a glass substrate that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer away from the film substrate layer. When the first layer of the first substrate is an adhesive layer, the second layer of the first substrate is a glass substrate. When the first layer of the first substrate is a film substrate layer, the second layer of the first substrate is an adhesive layer. Optionally, the first substrate further includes a glass substrate that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer away from the film substrate layer.

[0196] In one specific embodiment, the first substrate is a single layer, one surface of which contacts the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. The contact surface of the single layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. In a more specific embodiment, the single layer is any one of a glass substrate, a polymer layer, or a film substrate layer.

[0197] In another embodiment, the first substrate comprises at least one layer, wherein one surface of one layer contacts the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of the layer being textured and the texture being complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and all layers included in the first substrate are transparent. In a specific embodiment, the first substrate comprises two or more layers, and all layers included in the first substrate are transparent. In a specific embodiment, the at least one layer comprises any one or any combination of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a polymer layer, and a film substrate layer.

[0198] Second substrate

[0199] In this invention, the second substrate is located on the side of the semi-reflective layer opposite to the first substrate. The second substrate can refer to a substrate that has a certain absorption rate for visible light. The setting of this absorption rate can help the composite component of this invention achieve the desired effect as required when the second substrate is combined with the semi-reflective layer, such as: projection display effect, light pollution control, visual optimization (e.g., clearer view), excellent thermal comfort effect, etc.

[0200] Specifically, for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, after the semi-reflective layer achieves a high degree of diffuse reflection, some of the visible light transmitted through the semi-reflective layer is further absorbed by the second substrate, enabling the composite component of the present invention to achieve a low transmittance effect, thereby achieving desired functions, such as privacy functions and reducing interference from ambient light on the projection display in certain corresponding settings. Furthermore, for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, the second substrate can appropriately absorb the visible light incident from this side (including the first incident visible light and the visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer), thereby controlling the intensity of the diffusely reflected visible light. This helps to achieve, for example, suitable projection display brightness on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate in certain corresponding settings, avoid potential light pollution on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, and, in certain corresponding settings, obtain a better (e.g., clearer) view on the other side of the composite component from that side. For example, if the composite component is used in a car sunroof, the second substrate in the composite component helps control the light intensity of the in-vehicle environment. In certain corresponding settings, this achieves appropriate projection display brightness and avoids potential light pollution (e.g., excessive reflection of ambient light or light from a large display panel towards the occupants). In other corresponding settings, it also enables the occupants to have a better view of the outside world, such as a clearer view. Additionally, optionally, the second substrate can also help adjust the visible light color of the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate. In one embodiment, the second substrate includes a coloring layer, such as a colored polymer layer, a colored glass substrate, or a dark-state dimming film (i.e., the dimming film is in a dark state).

[0201] Composition of the second substrate

[0202] In one embodiment, the second substrate includes any one or any combination of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a polymer layer, a dimming film, and a film substrate layer. For example, the second substrate may be a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a dimming film, a polymer layer, a film substrate layer, etc. In a specific embodiment, the second substrate may be a combination of a glass substrate and / or an adhesive layer and / or a dimming film and / or a polymer layer and / or a film substrate layer.

[0203] Glass substrate

[0204] In this document, the glass substrate that can be used as the second substrate is similar to the description above regarding the glass substrate that can be used as the first substrate. Furthermore, the glass used for the second substrate can be, for example, colorless glass, or, for example, colored glass that exhibits color due to the incorporation of oxides or salts of certain metals. The glass substrate can be used as a transparent layer and / or a layer with the desired absorption rate in the second substrate (detailed below).

[0205] Furthermore, in some embodiments, when the glass substrate serves as the second substrate and is the outermost layer away from the semi-reflective layer, a LowE (Low emissivity) coating can be formed on the side of the glass substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer, thereby forming a low-emissivity glass substrate. Since the LowE coating has high transmittance of visible light and high reflectivity of infrared light, it helps to achieve further thermal comfort control. Additionally, an anti-reflective coating can also be formed on the side of the glass substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer, thereby forming an anti-reflective glass substrate, which further helps to achieve a further anti-glare effect.

[0206] Adhesive layer

[0207] In this document, the adhesive layer that can be used in the second substrate is similar to the description above regarding the adhesive layer that can be used in the first substrate. The adhesive layer can be used as a transparent layer and / or a layer with the desired absorption rate in the second substrate (detailed below).

[0208] polymer layer

[0209] In this document, the polymer layer that can be used in the second substrate is described above in relation to the polymer layer that can be used in the first substrate. The polymer layer can be used as a transparent layer and / or a layer with the desired absorption rate in the second substrate (detailed below).

[0210] dimming film

[0211] The dimming film can be a smart light-controlling film, including components with dimming functions, such as liquid crystal molecules, photosensitizers, etc. In this invention, when using the dimming film as a layer with the desired absorption rate, a dark-state dimming film is utilized (the dimming film is in a dark state) to achieve the light absorption effect. In this document, the "dark state" of the dimming film refers to the state in which the dimming film enables the composite component to meet the conditions for light absorption.

[0212] In one embodiment, the dimming film includes any one or any combination of a dyed polymer-dispersed liquid crystal dimming film, a suspended particle dimming film, an electrochromic dimming film, and a host-guest type liquid crystal dimming film. In a preferred embodiment, the dimming film is a host-guest type liquid crystal dimming film.

[0213] When the second substrate includes a dimming film, the excellent thermal comfort of the composite component of this application has a positive effect on the dimming film. As a device that is relatively sensitive to high temperatures, the excellent thermal comfort of the composite component helps to ensure its stable operation, reduce performance loss caused by excessive temperature, and thus improve its service life and working efficiency.

[0214] Membrane substrate layer

[0215] In this document, the membrane substrate layer that can be used in the second substrate is similar to the description above regarding the membrane substrate layer that can be used in the first substrate. The membrane substrate layer can be used as a transparent layer and / or a layer with the desired absorption rate in the second substrate (detailed below).

[0216] Setting of the second substrate

[0217] The second substrate comprises two main surfaces. In this invention, one main surface of the second substrate is textured and contacts the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. The texture of the contact surface between the second substrate and the semi-reflective layer is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. Correspondingly, the other main surface of the second substrate is smooth and non-rough, and it faces away from the semi-reflective layer. The second substrate can be a single layer or multiple layers. When the second substrate is a single layer, the single layer is a layer with the desired absorption rate. When the second substrate is multiple layers, at least one layer in the second substrate is a layer with the desired absorption rate. It is understood that when the second substrate is multiple layers, optionally, the second substrate may also include one or more transparent layers, as long as the second substrate as a whole meets the requirement of a certain absorption rate.

[0218] In one exemplary implementation, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the second substrate 103 contacts the textured second outer surface 1022 of the semi-reflective layer 102, and the contact surface between the second substrate and the semi-reflective layer is textured, the texture of which is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface 1022 of the semi-reflective layer 102; while the main surface of the second substrate 103 away from the semi-reflective layer 102 is smooth and not rough.

[0219] In one embodiment, the second substrate comprises one or more layers, wherein at least one layer has the desired absorption rate, and in one or more layers of the second substrate, one surface of one layer contacts the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, wherein the contact surface of one layer is textured and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer.

[0220] In one specific implementation, when the first layer of the second substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a glass substrate, the texture on the glass substrate can be achieved through processes such as acid etching, sandblasting (dry blasting, wet blasting), and laser etching. When the first layer of the second substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer, a film substrate layer, or a dimming film, the texture on the polymer layer, film substrate layer, or dimming film can be achieved through processes such as nanoimprinting (e.g., ultraviolet nanoimprinting, thermal nanoimprinting, molding nanoimprinting) or transfer printing (e.g., ultraviolet transfer printing). For the glass film included in the film substrate layer, the texture can typically be achieved through techniques such as direct laser writing or acid etching.

[0221] In one embodiment, the first layer of the first substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a glass substrate, and the first layer of the second substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer or an adhesive layer; or the first layer of the first substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer, and the first layer of the second substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer, an adhesive layer, a glass substrate, a film substrate layer, or a dimming film; or the first layer of the first substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is an adhesive layer, and the first layer of the second substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer, a glass substrate, a film substrate layer, or a dimming film; or the first layer of the first substrate in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a film substrate layer, and the first layer of the second substrate in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymer layer or an adhesive layer.

[0222] In one embodiment, the second substrate further includes a second layer that contacts the first layer of the second substrate on the side opposite to the semi-reflective layer. When the first layer of the second substrate is a polymer layer, the second layer of the second substrate is an adhesive layer. Optionally, the second substrate further includes a glass substrate or a dimming film that contacts the adhesive layer on the side opposite to the polymer layer. More optionally, the second substrate further includes an adhesive layer that contacts the dimming film on the side opposite to the polymer layer. Even more optionally, the second substrate further includes a glass substrate or a dimming film that contacts the adhesive layer on the side opposite to the polymer layer. The second substrate is a substrate layer; or the second layer of the second substrate is a film substrate layer. Optionally, the second substrate further includes an adhesive layer that contacts the film substrate layer on the side of the film substrate layer opposite to the polymer layer. More optionally, the second substrate further includes a glass substrate or a dimming film that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the film substrate layer. Even more optionally, the second substrate further includes an adhesive layer that contacts the dimming film on the side of the dimming film opposite to the film substrate layer. Still more optionally, the second substrate further includes a glass substrate that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the film substrate layer; or the second layer of the second substrate is a dimming film. The second substrate further includes an adhesive layer that contacts the dimming film on the side of the dimming film opposite to the polymer layer. Optionally, the second substrate further includes a glass substrate that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the dimming film. When the first layer of the second substrate is an adhesive layer, the second layer of the second substrate is a glass substrate or a dimming film. Optionally, the second substrate further includes an adhesive layer that contacts the dimming film on the side of the dimming film opposite to the adhesive layer. Optionally, the second substrate further includes a glass substrate that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the dimming film. When the first layer of the second substrate is a film substrate layer, The second layer of the second substrate is an adhesive layer. Optionally, the second substrate further includes a glass substrate or a dimming film that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the film substrate layer. More optionally, the second substrate further includes an adhesive layer that contacts the dimming film on the side of the dimming film opposite to the film substrate layer. Even more optionally, the second substrate further includes a glass substrate that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the film substrate layer. When the first layer of the second substrate is a dimming film, the second layer of the second substrate is an adhesive layer. Optionally, the second substrate further includes a glass substrate that contacts the adhesive layer on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the dimming film.

[0223] In one specific embodiment, the second substrate is a monolayer having a desired absorption rate. One surface of the monolayer contacts the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. The contact surface of the monolayer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. In a more specific embodiment, the monolayer is any one of a glass substrate, a polymer layer, a film substrate layer, or a dimming film.

[0224] In another specific embodiment, the second substrate comprises multiple layers, wherein at least one layer has the desired absorption rate, and in the multiple layers of the second substrate, one surface of one layer is in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, wherein the contact surface of the one layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. In one specific embodiment, the layer comprises any one or any combination of a glass substrate, a polymer layer, an adhesive layer, a dimming film, and a film substrate layer.

[0225] When the first layer of the second substrate is a polymer layer, it is preferable that the first layer of the first substrate is also a polymer layer. When the first layer of the first substrate is a polymer layer, it is preferable that the first layer of the second substrate is also a polymer layer. This arrangement better protects the semi-reflective layer during the fabrication and use of the composite component.

[0226] When the first layer of the second substrate is a polymer layer, the second layer of the second substrate is a film substrate layer, and the first layer of the first substrate is a polymer layer, it is preferable that the second layer of the first substrate is a film substrate layer. This arrangement better protects the semi-reflective layer during the fabrication and use of the composite component.

[0227] Exemplary configuration of composite components

[0228] In the preceding description of the first and second substrates, examples of some possible configurations of the first and second substrates have been given. Those skilled in the art will understand that it is impossible to exhaustively list all possible configurations of the composite component; therefore, the following will only list a few specific configurations of the composite component as examples.

[0229] In one exemplary implementation, such as Figure 3As shown, the composite component of the present invention includes a polymer layer 2031, a semi-reflective layer 2032, a polymer layer 2033, and a film substrate layer 2034. Since one side of the semi-reflective layer 2032 is a first substrate and the corresponding other side is a second substrate, any one of the polymer layer 2031, polymer layer 2033, and film substrate layer 2034 is the first substrate, and the other is the second substrate. The first substrate faces external sunlight; that is, the first substrate is closer to external sunlight than the second substrate. When the composite component is desired to have a projection display function, the second substrate faces the projection light when the composite component is used as a projection screen. Further, the composite component may be composed of (that is, the main body of the composite component may be composed of) the polymer layer 2031, the semi-reflective layer 2032, the polymer layer 2033, and the film substrate layer 2034.

[0230] In further exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 8 As shown, it can be Figure 3 The laminated structure shown is bonded to the glass substrate 1101 via an adhesive layer 1102. In other words, at this point, the composite component of the present invention includes a glass substrate 1101, an adhesive layer 1102, and as shown in the diagram. Figure 3 The layered structure 1103 shown. Figure 3 The film substrate layer 2034 shown can be located away from the adhesive layer 1102 relative to the polymer layer 2031. Optionally, when the film substrate layer 2034 is a glass film, the glass film can be a tempered glass film, such as a chemically tempered glass film. Similarly, one side of the semi-reflective layer 2032 is the first substrate, and the corresponding other side is the second substrate. Further details are omitted here. Furthermore, the composite assembly can be composed of (that is, the main body of the composite assembly can be composed of) the glass substrate 1101, the adhesive layer 1102, and such... Figure 3 The layered structure 1103 shown is composed of...

[0231] In further exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 9 As shown, it can be Figure 3 The laminated structure shown is sandwiched between a first glass substrate 1201 and a second glass substrate 1205 via a first adhesive layer 1202 and a second adhesive layer 1204. That is, in this case, the composite component of the present invention includes a first glass substrate 1201, a first adhesive layer 1202, and a second adhesive layer 1204. Figure 3 The layered structure 1203, the second adhesive layer 1204, and the second glass substrate 1205 are shown. Figure 3 The film substrate layer 2034 shown can be closer to the first glass substrate 1201 or closer to the second glass substrate 1205 relative to the polymer layer 2031. Further, Figure 8 The composite component shown can also omit [something]. Figure 3The membrane substrate layer 2034 and / or polymer layer 2031 shown. Furthermore, for example, in... Figure 8 A dimming film is inserted between the two glass substrates, which will not be described in detail here. Similarly, one side of the semi-reflective layer 2032 is the first substrate, and the corresponding other side is the second substrate. This will not be described in detail here. Further, the composite component can be composed of (that is, the main body of the composite component can be composed of) a first glass substrate 1201, a first adhesive layer 1202, and so on. Figure 3 The structure shown comprises a laminated structure 1203, a second adhesive layer 1204, and a second glass substrate 1205.

[0232] In one exemplary implementation, such as Figure 4 As shown, the composite component of the present invention includes a glass substrate 2035, a semi-reflective layer 2032, an adhesive layer 2036, and a glass substrate 2037. Since one side of the semi-reflective layer 2032 is a first substrate and the corresponding other side is a second substrate, any one of the glass substrate 2035, adhesive layer 2036, and glass substrate 2037 is the first substrate, and the other is the second substrate. Alternatively, the glass substrate 2037 can be replaced with a dimming film, in which case the adhesive layer 2036 and the dimming film 2037 are the second substrates. The first substrate faces external sunlight; that is, the first substrate is closer to external sunlight than the second substrate. When the composite component is desired to have a projection display function, the second substrate faces the projection light when the composite component is used as a projection screen. Further, the composite component can be composed of (that is, the main body of the composite component can be composed of) the glass substrate 2035, the semi-reflective layer 2032, the adhesive layer 2036, and the glass substrate 2037.

[0233] In one exemplary implementation, such as Figure 10As shown, the composite component of the present invention includes a glass substrate 1301, an adhesive layer 1303, a polymer layer 1304, a semi-reflective layer 1302, and a glass substrate 1305. The polymer layer 1304 serves a planarization function and is therefore sometimes referred to as a planarization layer. Since one side of the semi-reflective layer 1302 is the first substrate and the corresponding other side is the second substrate, any one of the glass substrate 1301, adhesive layer 1303, polymer layer 1304, and glass substrate 1305 is the first substrate, and the other is the second substrate. Alternatively, the glass substrate 1301 can be replaced with a dimming film, in which case the dimming film 1301, adhesive layer 1303, and polymer layer 1304 are the second substrate. The first substrate faces external sunlight; that is, the first substrate is closer to external sunlight than the second substrate. When the composite component is desired to have a projection display function, the second substrate faces the projection light when the composite component is used as a projection screen. Furthermore, the composite component can be composed of (that is, the main body of the composite component can be composed of) a glass substrate 1301, an adhesive layer 1303, a polymer layer 1304, a semi-reflective layer 1302, and a glass substrate 1305.

[0234] In one exemplary implementation, such as Figure 11 As shown, the composite component of the present invention includes a glass substrate 1401, an adhesive layer 1403, a semi-reflective layer 1402, a polymer layer 1404, an adhesive layer 1405, and a glass substrate 1406. Preferably, the adhesive layer 1405 can be an optical adhesive. Since one side of the semi-reflective layer 1402 is the first substrate and the corresponding other side is the second substrate, any one of the glass substrate 1401, adhesive layer 1403, polymer layer 1404, adhesive layer 1405, and glass substrate 1406 is the first substrate, and the other is the second substrate. Alternatively, the glass substrate 1406 can be replaced with a dimming film, in which case the polymer layer 1404, adhesive layer 1405, and dimming film 1406 are the second substrate. The first substrate faces the external sunlight, that is, the first substrate is closer to the external sunlight than the second substrate. When it is desired that the composite component has a projection display function, the second substrate faces the projection light when the composite component is used as a projection screen. Furthermore, the composite component can be composed of (that is, the main body of the composite component can be composed of) a glass substrate 1401, an adhesive layer 1403, a semi-reflective layer 1402, a polymer layer 1404, an adhesive layer 1405, and a glass substrate 1406.

[0235] Properties of composite components

[0236] The composite component of the present invention includes a textured semi-reflective layer that has a high level of diffuse reflection for both visible and near-infrared light, and includes a highly transparent first substrate and a second substrate with the desired absorption rate, so that the composite component of the present invention can achieve the desired effect as needed, such as: excellent thermal comfort, projection display effect, light pollution control, and visual optimization (e.g., clearer view).

[0237] Transmission of visible light by composite components

[0238] Figure 5a as well as Figure 5b An exemplary embodiment of the composite component of the present invention is shown, wherein the composite component includes a first substrate 301, a semi-reflective layer 302, and a second substrate 303. Visible light 300 can enter the first substrate from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, and pass through the first substrate 301, the semi-reflective layer 302, and the second substrate 303 in sequence. The composite component achieves excellent thermal comfort control by reflecting, transmitting, and absorbing the incident light.

[0239] Specifically, such as Figure 5a As shown, the transmittance TL of the composite component for visible light (illustrated as incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate) is [not specified]. More specifically, as [not specified] Figure 5b As shown, the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light is related to the transmittance T1 of the first substrate to visible light, the transmittance T2 of the semi-reflective layer to visible light, and the transmittance T3 of the second substrate to visible light. Therefore, the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light can be expressed as the relationship in Equation I.

[0240] TL=T1*T2*T3 Formula I

[0241] More specifically, when visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate passes through the first substrate, the visible light is reflected, absorbed, and transmitted by the first substrate. Specifically, for example... Figure 5b As shown, visible light is first reflected at the interface between the outside (e.g., air) and the first substrate, and then absorbed by the first substrate. Therefore, the transmittance T1 of the first substrate to visible light can be expressed as T1 = (100% - R1) * (100% - A1), where R1 represents the reflectance of the first substrate to visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate. Specifically, as shown... Figure 5b As shown, R1 represents the reflectivity of the visible light at the interface between the outside (e.g., air) and the first substrate, and A1 represents the absorption rate of the first substrate for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate.

[0242] Similarly, when visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate passes through the semi-reflective layer, the visible light is diffusely reflected, absorbed, and transmitted by the semi-reflective layer. Because the semi-reflective layer is very thin, such as... Figure 5b As shown, diffuse reflection and absorption occur in the same phase; therefore, the transmittance T2 of the semi-reflective layer to visible light can be expressed as T2 = (100% - R2 - A2), where R2 represents the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer to visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate. Figure 5b As shown, the reflection of visible light by the semi-reflective layer is diffuse reflection, and A2 represents the absorption rate of visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate by the semi-reflective layer.

[0243] Similarly, when visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate passes through the second substrate, the visible light is reflected, absorbed, and transmitted by the second substrate. Specifically, as shown in the example... Figure 5b As shown, visible light is first absorbed by the second substrate and then reflected at the interface between the second substrate and the outside world (e.g., air). Therefore, the transmittance T3 of the second substrate to visible light can be expressed as T3 = (100% - R3) * (100% - A3), where R3 represents the reflectance of the second substrate to visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate (i.e., the reflectance of the second substrate to incident visible light). Specifically, as... Figure 5b As shown, R3 represents the reflectivity of the visible light at the interface between the second substrate and the outside world (e.g., air), and A3 represents the absorption rate of the second substrate of visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate (that is, the absorption rate of the second substrate of incident visible light).

[0244] Based on this, the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light can be expressed as the relationship in Equation II.

[0245] TL=(100%-R1)*(100%-A1)*(100%-R2-A2)*(100%-R3)*(100%-A3) Formula II

[0246] In one embodiment, the transmittance TL is from about 0.5% to about 10%. This transmittance range is advantageous for achieving functions such as privacy, external visibility, and reduced interference from ambient light on the projected display. In a preferred embodiment, the transmittance TL is from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, which facilitates all-weather projection display functionality. The present invention creatively employs a composite component design comprising a first substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a second substrate, which is capable of multiple reflections, absorptions, and transmissions of visible light incident from the side of the first substrate facing away from the second substrate.

[0247] The semi-reflective layer of the composite component diffusely reflects visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate with a high diffuse reflectance. On the one hand, this allows most of the visible light to be diffusely reflected, with only a small amount passing through the semi-reflective layer, effectively controlling the ambient temperature on the second substrate side and contributing to thermal comfort control. On the other hand, because it is diffuse reflection rather than specular reflection, light pollution on the first substrate side is very limited. Furthermore, the first substrate is highly transparent to visible light and absorbs very little visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate. This ensures that the visible light effectively reaches the semi-reflective layer and undergoes high diffuse reflection. The first substrate also has very low light absorption of the visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer, avoiding the secondary emission problem caused by visible light absorption in existing technologies. This allows for full utilization of the semi-reflective layer's function, thereby achieving thermal comfort control in the composite component. Furthermore, the second substrate can, on the one hand, be combined with the semi-reflective layer to achieve the target transmittance (TL) of the composite component for visible light without affecting thermal comfort performance; on the other hand, it can appropriately absorb visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate (including visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer), thereby avoiding potential light pollution on the second substrate side and, under certain corresponding settings, optimizing the view on the other side (e.g., making the view clearer). When the composite component is desired to have a projection display function, certain corresponding settings also enable the achievement of appropriate projection display brightness on the second substrate side.

[0248] The composite component diffuses the reflection of incident light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate.

[0249] When light enters the composite component of the present invention from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, the composite component has a high diffuse reflectance for visible light and also a high diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light.

[0250] Specifically, such as Figure 5c As shown, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance of SCE2 for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, wherein, combined with Figure 5bAs shown, visible light 300 incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate enters the first substrate 301. The visible light is reflected, absorbed, and transmitted by the first substrate. The visible light that passes through the first substrate 301 (the transmittance of the first substrate to visible light is T1 = (100% - R1) * (100% - A1)) reaches the semi-reflective layer 302 and is further diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer 302 (at this time, the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer to visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate is R2). Visible light reaches and passes through the first substrate 301 again (at this time, the transmittance of the first substrate to the visible light after diffuse reflection by the semi-reflective layer is (100%-R1)*(100%-A1). Here, for simplification, it can be assumed that the reflectance of the visible light at the interface between the outside and the first substrate is the same as the reflectance of the visible light at the interface between the first substrate and the outside, both being R1). Therefore, the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite component to the visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate satisfies the relationship of Equation III.

[0251] SCE2=(100%-R1)*(100%-A1)*R2*(100%-R1)*(100%-A1)=[(100%-R1)*(100%-A1)] 2 *R2

[0252] Formula III

[0253] In the composite component of the present invention, the appropriate diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate helps the composite component of the present invention achieve excellent thermal comfort control.

[0254] In one embodiment, the diffuse reflectance SCE2 is from about 40% to about 90%. This range of diffuse reflectance is set such that the composite component has a high diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, which helps to enable the composite component of the present invention to achieve excellent thermal comfort control.

[0255] Specifically, on the one hand, the semi-reflective layer of the composite component diffusely reflects visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate with a high diffuse reflectance; on the other hand, the first substrate is highly transparent to visible light and absorbs very little visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, ensuring that the visible light effectively reaches the semi-reflective layer, thereby enabling the semi-reflective layer to achieve its high diffuse reflectance of visible light. Therefore, the high diffuse reflectance of visible light by the first substrate combined with the semi-reflective layer gives the composite component of the present invention a high diffuse reflectance of visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, thereby contributing to the achievement of thermal comfort control effects.

[0256] In another embodiment, the majority of near-infrared light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate can pass through the first substrate and reach the semi-reflective layer, and the semi-reflective layer has a high diffuse reflectance (greater than or equal to 55%) for the aforementioned near-infrared light. This results in the composite component having a diffuse reflectance of about 55% to about 95% for near-infrared light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate. This range of diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light indicates that the composite component has a high diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, which also contributes to achieving excellent thermal comfort control in the composite component of the present invention. Furthermore, the solar direct reflectance (RDS) of the composite component for diffuse reflection of sunlight incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate is about 55% or more, preferably about 58% or more, 60% or more, 62% or more, 64% or more, or about 64.3% or more.

[0257] The composite component diffuses the reflection of visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate.

[0258] Figure 6a A schematic diagram showing visible light 304 incident from the side of the second substrate 303 away from the first substrate 301 is diffusely reflected by the composite component of the present invention. Figure 6b This diagram illustrates how visible light incident from the side of the second substrate 303 away from the first substrate 301 is reflected (including diffuse reflection), transmitted, and absorbed by the second substrate 303 and the semi-reflective layer 302.

[0259] Specifically, such as Figure 6b As shown, the diffuse reflectance of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate 303 away from the first substrate 301 is SCE1. The visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate enters the second substrate 303, passes through the second substrate 303 (the transmittance of the second substrate for visible light is T3), reaches the semi-reflective layer 302, and is further diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer 302 (at this time, the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate is R4). The diffusely reflected visible light then reaches and passes through the second substrate 303 again (at this time, the transmittance of the second substrate for visible light after diffuse reflection by the semi-reflective layer is T5). Therefore, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate satisfies the relationship of Equation IV.

[0260] SCE1=T3*R4*T5Form IV

[0261] More specifically, when visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate passes through the second substrate, the visible light is reflected, absorbed, and transmitted by the second substrate. Specifically, for example... Figure 6bAs shown, visible light is first reflected at the interface between the outside (e.g., air) and the second substrate, and then absorbed by the second substrate. Therefore, the transmittance T3 of the second substrate to visible light can be expressed as T3 = (100% - R3) * (100% - A3), where R3 represents the reflectance of the second substrate to visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate. Specifically, as shown... Figure 6b As shown, R3 represents the reflectivity of the visible light at the interface between the outside (e.g., air) and the second substrate, and A3 represents the absorption rate of the visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate.

[0262] A suitable range of A3 helps to obtain a composite component that combines thermal comfort control with projection display functionality. In one embodiment, A3 is greater than 16%. In another embodiment, A3 is less than 67%. In yet another embodiment, A3 is greater than 16% and less than 67%.

[0263] Another suitable range of A3 helps to achieve composite components with better light pollution control and optimized visual appeal. In one embodiment, A3 is greater than 47.9%. In another embodiment, A3 is greater than or equal to 53.4%. In yet another embodiment, A3 is greater than or equal to 56.4%. In yet another embodiment, A3 is greater than or equal to 59.7%. In yet another embodiment, A3 is greater than or equal to 63.2%. In yet another embodiment, A3 is greater than or equal to 67.1%.

[0264] Similarly, when visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer reaches and passes through the second substrate again, the visible light will be reflected, absorbed, and transmitted by the second substrate. Specifically, as shown in the example... Figure 6b As shown, visible light is first absorbed by the second substrate and then reflected at the interface between the second substrate and the outside world (e.g., air). Therefore, the transmittance T5 of the second substrate to visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer can be expressed as T5 = (100% - R5) * (100% - A5), where R5 represents the reflectance of the second substrate to visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer. Specifically, as shown... Figure 6b As shown, R5 represents the reflectivity of the visible light at the interface between the second substrate and the outside environment (e.g., air), and A5 represents the absorption rate of the second substrate for visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer. Since the absorption rate of the second substrate for visible light remains unchanged when the visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer reaches and passes through the second substrate again, A3 = A5. Furthermore, for the sake of simplifying the calculation, based on an average consideration, R3 can be assumed to be R5. Therefore, T5 = T3 = (100% - R3) * (100% - A3).

[0265] Based on this, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate satisfies the relationship of Equation V, which is also the relationship of Equation V'.

[0266] SCE1=(100%-R3)*(100%-A3)*R4*(100%-R3)*(100%-A3) Formula V

[0267] SCE1=[(100%-R3)*(100%-A3)] 2 *R4 type V'

[0268] In one embodiment, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 is from about 10% to about 25%. This range of diffuse reflectance is set to balance projection display effect and light pollution control, thereby facilitating the acquisition of a composite component that combines excellent projection display function with thermal comfort control function. The inventors of this invention unexpectedly discovered that, in the composite component of this invention, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate is a key technical parameter for achieving excellent thermal comfort control and projection display effect. Specifically, the composite component of this invention employs a design comprising a first substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a second substrate, wherein the absorption rate of the second substrate for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate (including the light initially entering the second substrate and re-entering the second substrate after diffuse reflection by the semi-reflective layer) can significantly affect the diffuse reflectance of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate. The second substrate of this invention is made of a suitable material that has appropriate transmittance, reflectance, and absorptivity for visible light from different directions, especially an appropriate absorptivity. This allows the composite component to have an appropriate diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate. As described above, the semi-reflective layer has strong diffuse reflection for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate. Even with the asymmetric stacking design mentioned above, the semi-reflective layer still has strong diffuse reflection towards the second substrate. The light absorption properties of the second substrate can help control the diffuse reflection on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, thereby achieving appropriate projection display brightness and avoiding potential light pollution.

[0269] In another embodiment, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 is less than about 10%, preferably less than about 8%, for example less than about 10%, less than about 9.5%, less than about 9%, less than about 8.5%, less than about 8%, less than about 7.5%, less than about 7%, less than about 6.5%, less than about 6%, less than about 5.5%, less than about 5%, less than about 4.5%, less than about 4%, less than about 3.5%, less than about 3%, less than about 2.5%, less than about 2%, less than about 1.5%, less than about 1%, etc. This range of diffuse reflectance is set to minimize potential light pollution problems on the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate, and can also optimize the view from that side to the other side (e.g., making the view from the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate clearer to the other side). Similarly, the inventors of this invention unexpectedly discovered that, in the composite component of this invention, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate is a key technical parameter for achieving excellent thermal comfort control, light pollution control, and visual optimization (e.g., clearer vision). Specifically, the composite component of this invention employs a design comprising a first substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a second substrate, wherein the absorption rate of the second substrate for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate (including the light initially entering the second substrate and re-entering the second substrate after diffuse reflection by the semi-reflective layer) can significantly affect the diffuse reflectance of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate. The second substrate of this invention is made of a suitable material that has suitable transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance for visible light from different directions, especially a suitable absorptance, thereby enabling the composite component to have a desired low diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate. As can be seen from the above, the semi-reflective layer has strong diffuse reflection of visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate. Even with the asymmetric stacking design mentioned above, the semi-reflective layer will still have strong diffuse reflection towards the second substrate. Therefore, the light absorption properties of the second substrate can help control the diffuse reflection of the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate within the desired low range, thereby avoiding potential light pollution on the side of the second substrate and optimizing the view on the other side (e.g., making the view clearer).

[0270] The composite module's total solar transmittance for sunlight incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate.

[0271] In one embodiment, the composite component has a total solar transmittance of less than about 10% for sunlight incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate.

[0272] Because the first substrate, the semi-reflective layer, and the second substrate exhibit specific reflectivity (including diffuse reflectivity) and transmittance, the composite component of the present invention can have a low total solar transmittance (about 10% or less) and a high diffuse reflectance (about 55% or more) for sunlight incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate. This helps the composite component of the present invention achieve excellent thermal comfort and ensures that the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate has a suitable ambient temperature.

[0273] In one embodiment, the first substrate of the composite component is the side facing the sunlight, while the second substrate of the composite component is the side facing away from the sunlight. That is, the first substrate is closer to the sunlight than the second substrate.

[0274] As an example, the composite component can be used in a vehicle, wherein the first substrate of the composite component is the side facing the outside of the vehicle (i.e., the side facing sunlight incident from outside the vehicle), and the second substrate of the composite component is the side facing the inside of the vehicle (i.e., the side facing visible light incident from inside the vehicle). When the composite component of the present invention is used in a vehicle, sunlight from outside the vehicle can pass through the first substrate, the semi-reflective layer, and the second substrate, and in particular, the visible light in the sunlight undergoes the aforementioned reflection (mainly diffuse reflection), transmission, and absorption, so that the composite component of the present invention achieves excellent thermal comfort control. On the other hand, when the composite component needs to realize a projection display function, the light from the projection device inside the vehicle also undergoes the aforementioned reflection (mainly diffuse reflection), transmission, and absorption, so that the composite component of the present invention achieves excellent projection display effect. For example, when the composite component of the present invention is used as a vehicle window, the composite component may also have specular transmission to visible light (for example, the composite component has a smooth surface, the layers on both sides of the semi-reflective layer have a low absolute value of the refractive index difference, and the textured first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer is parallel to the textured second outer surface (more preferably, each layer in the multilayer stacked semi-reflective layer is parallel to each other with the textured contact surfaces of the adjacent layers)) to achieve the desired specular transmission function.

[0275] The use of the composite component of the present invention in the sunroof (the sunroof glass on the top of the vehicle) is particularly advantageous because the large size of the sunroof and its application scenarios make it easier for the composite component to achieve the desired effects as required, such as: excellent thermal comfort, projection display effect, light pollution control, and view optimization (e.g., clearer view).

[0276] Taking into account the composite component's reflection (including diffuse reflection), transmission, and absorption of visible light from different directions...

[0277] Furthermore, by comprehensively considering the diffuse reflection of visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate and the transmission of visible light by the composite component, the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate and the transmittance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light are comprehensively optimized. Specifically, by combining Equations II and V above, the inventors obtain the relationship of Equation VI, wherein by combining Equations II and V, the relationship of Equation VI-a can be obtained; further adjusting Equation VI-a (adjusting the mathematical relationship formula) can obtain the relationships of Equation VI-b and Equation VI.

[0278]

[0279] In one embodiment, the reflectance R1 of the first substrate to visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate is about 3.8% to about 4.5%, about 4% to about 4.2%, or about 4%.

[0280] In one embodiment, the first substrate has an absorption rate of visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate that is greater than 0 to about 1.5%, about 0.8% to about 1.2%, or about 1%.

[0281] Based on this, [(100%-R1)*(100%-A1)] 2 The range is from approximately 0.88 to approximately 0.93.

[0282] For example, when a 2.1mm thick ordinary clear glass (e.g., Saint-Gobain's PLC (Planiclear) ordinary clear glass) is used as the outer glass, together with a transparent PVB (polyvinyl butyral) layer used for bonding, serves as the first substrate, R1 can be considered as 4% and A1 as 1%. The relationship in Equation VI above can be further expressed as the relationship in Equation VII.

[0283]

[0284] In one embodiment, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance SCE1 of about 10% to about 25% for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate. This range of diffuse reflectance is set to balance projection display performance and light pollution control, thereby facilitating the acquisition of a composite component that combines excellent projection display performance with thermal comfort control.

[0285] In another embodiment, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance SCE1 of less than about 10%, preferably less than about 8%, for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate. This diffuse reflectance range is set to minimize potential light pollution problems on the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate, and can also optimize the view from that side to the other side (e.g., to make the view from the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate clearer to the other side).

[0286] The following describes two types of composite components: Type A, a composite component with good thermal comfort and projection display function; and Type B, a composite component with excellent thermal comfort, better light pollution control, and optimized visual experience.

[0287] Type A: A composite component with good thermal comfort and projection display function.

[0288] In one embodiment, the composite component has a transmittance of about 0.5% to about 10% for visible light, preferably about 0.5% to about 2.5%. This transmittance range is set to achieve functions such as privacy, external visibility, and reduction of interference from ambient light on the projected display.

[0289] As an example, the composite component can be used in a vehicle, wherein a first substrate of the composite component is the side facing the outside of the vehicle (i.e., the side facing sunlight from outside the vehicle), and a second substrate of the composite component is the side facing the inside of the vehicle (i.e., the side facing visible light from inside the vehicle). In this case, the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light in incident sunlight from outside the vehicle is about 0.5% to about 10%.

[0290] In one specific implementation, for the use of all-weather projection displays inside vehicles, due to the high intensity of sunlight outside the vehicle during the day (e.g., typically ranging from several thousand lux to 100,000 lux, and possibly even higher in some areas), the composite component has a transmittance (TL) of approximately 0.5% to approximately 2.5% for visible light from incident sunlight outside the vehicle to meet the usage conditions of all-weather projection displays. This design minimizes interference from ambient light on the projection display effect, achieving a clear view, while also maintaining the transparency of the composite component to allow for constant observation of the external environment.

[0291] Furthermore, in the aforementioned application scenarios, to balance the projection display effect of the composite component and the control of light pollution, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate is approximately 10% to approximately 25%. Therefore, based on the considerations of the aforementioned application scenarios, the composite component further satisfies the following relationship regarding the reflection and transmission of visible light.

[0292]

[0293] In one specific implementation, the composite component satisfies the following relationship regarding the reflection and transmission of visible light.

[0294]

[0295] In a preferred embodiment, for example, for the above-mentioned all-weather projection display application scenario, the composite component satisfies the following relationship regarding the reflection and transmission of visible light.

[0296]

[0297] In a specific implementation, for example, for the above-mentioned all-weather projection display application scenario, the composite component satisfies the following relationship regarding the reflection and transmission of visible light.

[0298]

[0299] When the composite component of the present invention satisfies the above-mentioned relationship, the composite component can achieve a balanced projection display effect and light pollution control, and can also achieve privacy function, external visibility function, and reduce the interference of external ambient light on the projection display. These are technical effects that existing composite components do not possess.

[0300] Furthermore, Equations VIII-A to VIII”'-A above are the core constraints for designing the semi-reflective layer of a type A composite component.

[0301] Type B: Composite components with superior thermal comfort, better light pollution control, and optimized visual experience.

[0302] In one embodiment, the composite component has a transmittance of about 0.5% to about 10% for visible light. This transmittance range is set to achieve functions such as privacy features and external visibility features.

[0303] As an example, the composite component can be used in a vehicle, wherein the first substrate of the composite component is the side facing the outside of the vehicle (i.e., the side facing sunlight from outside the vehicle), and the second substrate of the composite component is the side facing the inside of the vehicle (i.e., the side facing visible light from inside the vehicle). In this case, the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light from incident sunlight from outside the vehicle is approximately 0.5% to approximately 10%. This design maintains the transparency of the composite component, allowing for constant observation of the external environment. Furthermore, in the above application scenario, to effectively control light pollution and achieve optimized visibility (e.g., making the view clearer), the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component to visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate is less than approximately 10%, preferably less than approximately 8%. Therefore, based on the above application scenario considerations, the composite component further satisfies the following relationship regarding the reflection and transmission of visible light:

[0304]

[0305] In a preferred embodiment, the composite component satisfies the following relationship regarding the reflection and transmission of visible light:

[0306]

[0307] Equations VIII-B and VIII'-B above show the relationship that the composite component must satisfy regarding the reflection and transmission of visible light when the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light incident from outside the vehicle is 0.5%. As the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light incident from outside the vehicle increases, then... The corresponding upper limit of the range needs to be reduced accordingly, which will not be elaborated here.

[0308] When the composite component of the present invention satisfies the above-mentioned relationship, the composite component can effectively control light pollution and achieve the effect of optimizing the view (e.g., making the view clearer), and can realize privacy function, external visibility function, etc., which are technical effects that existing composite components do not have.

[0309] Furthermore, the aforementioned inequalities VIII-B to VIII'-B are the core constraints for designing the semi-reflective layer of a type B composite component.

[0310] Furthermore, for the two types of composite components, Type A and Type B, the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite component to visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate affects the thermal comfort control effect of the composite component.

[0311] In one embodiment, the composite component has a diffuse reflectance SCE2 of about 40% to about 90% for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate. This range of diffuse reflectance indicates that the composite component has a high diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, which helps to enable the composite component of the present invention to achieve excellent thermal comfort control.

[0312] The transmission and diffuse reflection of visible light by the semi-reflective layer and the technical effects of corresponding composite components.

[0313] In the composite component of the present invention, the suitable transmittance and diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light are beneficial to enabling the composite component of the present invention to achieve the desired effects as required, such as: excellent thermal comfort, projection display effect, light pollution control, and visual optimization (e.g., clearer view).

[0314] The following describes two types of composite components: Type A, a composite component with good thermal comfort and projection display function; and Type B, a composite component with excellent thermal comfort, better light pollution control, and optimized visual experience.

[0315] Type A: A composite component with good thermal comfort and projection display function.

[0316] In order for the composite component of the present invention to achieve the technical effect of having both excellent thermal comfort control and clear projection display effect, the semi-reflective layer in the composite component of the present invention can satisfy the following relationship.

[0317] According to Equation III above, the following inequality IX can be obtained: the diffuse reflectance R2 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate is greater than the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, i.e., R2>SCE2 (Equation IX). As mentioned above, the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate is about 40% to about 90%. Therefore, R2>SCE2 = 40%~90%, indicating that the semi-reflective layer of the composite component needs to have high diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate.

[0318] According to Equation I above, the following inequality X can be obtained: the transmittance T2 of the semi-reflective layer to visible light is greater than the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light, i.e., T2>TL (Equation X). As mentioned above, when the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light is about 0.5% to about 10%, T2>TL = 0.5% to 10%. However, for the application scenario of all-weather projection display, the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light is about 0.5% to about 2.5%, therefore, T2>TL = 0.5% to 2.5%.

[0319] According to Equation IV above, the following inequality XI-A can be obtained: the diffuse reflectance R4 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate is greater than the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, i.e., R4>SCE1 (Equation XI-A). As mentioned above, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate is about 10% to about 25%, therefore R4>SCE1 = 10%~25%.

[0320] In addition to Equations VIII-A to VIII”'-A mentioned above, which are the core constraints for the design of the semi-reflective layer, the inequalities IX, X, and XI-A here are also the core constraints for the design of the semi-reflective layer of the type A composite component.

[0321] Type B: Composite components with superior thermal comfort, better light pollution control, and optimized visual experience.

[0322] In order to achieve the technical effects of excellent thermal comfort control, light pollution control and visual optimization (e.g., clearer vision) in the composite component of the present invention, the semi-reflective layer in the composite component of the present invention can satisfy the following relationship.

[0323] According to Equation III above, the following inequality IX can be obtained: the diffuse reflectance R2 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate is greater than the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, i.e., R2>SCE2 (Equation IX). As mentioned above, the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate is about 40% to about 90%. Therefore, R2>SCE2 = 40%~90%, indicating that the semi-reflective layer of the composite component needs to have high diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate.

[0324] According to the foregoing formula I, the following inequality X can be obtained, that is, the transmittance T2 of the semi-reflective layer to visible light is greater than the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light, that is, T2>TL (Formula X). As described above, when the transmittance TL of the composite component to visible light is about 0.5% to about 10%, T2>TL = 0.5% to 10%.

[0325] In addition to the above-mentioned inequalities VIII-B to VIII'-B being the core constraints for the design of the semi-reflective layer, the inequalities IX and X here are also the core constraints for the design of the semi-reflective layer.

[0326] According to the foregoing formula V' and the desired range of the diffuse reflectance SEC1 (that is, less than about 10%), the following inequality XI-B can be obtained:

[0327] [(100%-R3)*(100%-A3)] 2 *R4<10% Formula XI-B.

[0328] In a preferred embodiment, for SEC1 preferably less than about 8%, the following inequality XI'-B can be obtained:

[0329] [(100%-R3)*(100%-A3)] 2 *R4≤8% Formula XI'-B.

[0330] The above inequalities XI-B and XI'-B are also the core constraints for the design of the semi-reflective layer. At the same time, the above inequalities XI-B and XI'-B are also the constraints for the design of the second substrate.

[0331] For the above two types of composite components, type A and type B, although the diffuse reflectance R2 of the semi-reflective layer to visible light incident from the side of the first substrate facing away from the second substrate may be different from the diffuse reflectance R4 of the semi-reflective layer to visible light incident from the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate, in any case, the semi-reflective layer has a high diffuse reflectance to visible light in the laminated state, which indicates that a metal layer or a metal alloy layer with a high diffuse reflectance to visible light needs to exist in the semi-reflective layer, such as a silver metal layer. Therefore, first study the silver single layer in the laminated state to find a situation that matches all the constraints as the basis for the design of the semi-reflective layer.

[0332] In one embodiment, as an example, the semi-reflective layer can be a metal layer, wherein the metal layer is selected as a single layer of silver in a laminated state to form a semi-reflective single-layer metal layer. Since the semi-reflective layer is a single-layer metal layer and as described above, the media on both sides of the semi-reflective layer have close or the same refractive index, it can be considered that the diffuse reflectance R2 of the semi-reflective layer (i.e., the single-layer metal layer) for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate is equal to the diffuse reflectance R4 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate.

[0333] Furthermore, refer to the literature “Reference of optical index: PB Johnson and R.W. Christy. Optical constants of the noble metals, Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370-4379 (1972)”.

[0334] Table 1 Simulation of laminated monolayer silver as a semi-reflective metal layer in the visible light range (incident angle 0°).

[0335]

[0336] For the composite component of type A mentioned above, according to the simulation calculation results in Table 1, when using laminated single-layer silver as the semi-reflective metal layer, laminated single-layer silver of different thicknesses starting from 25nm can satisfy the relationships of Equations VIII-A to VIII'-A and Equations IX, X, and XI-A. When laminated single-layer silver of different thicknesses starting from 40nm is used as the semi-reflective metal layer, it can meet the requirements of all-weather projection display, that is, it can satisfy the relationships of Equations VIII”-A and VIII”'-A and Equations IX, X, and XI-A. In addition, when using laminated single-layer silver as the semi-reflective metal layer, the obtained composite component can meet the corresponding optical parameter range, and the corresponding composite component can achieve excellent thermal comfort control and projection display effects. For the composite component of type B mentioned above, according to the simulation calculation results in Table 1, when using laminated monolayer silver as the semi-reflective metal layer, laminated monolayer silver of different thicknesses starting from 15nm can satisfy the relationships of the above-mentioned inequalities VIII-B, IX, and X. Furthermore, combined with the design of the second substrate, the relationships of inequalities XI-B to XI'-B can also be satisfied. In addition, when using laminated monolayer silver as the semi-reflective metal layer, the resulting composite component can meet the corresponding optical parameter range, and the corresponding composite component can achieve excellent thermal comfort control, light pollution control, and optimized visual effects (e.g., making the view clearer).

[0337] Furthermore, as mentioned above, compared to designs where the semi-reflective layer consists of only a single layer of silver metal or silver alloy deposited in a single deposition, separating the deposition process of the silver metal or silver alloy layers and ensuring that the multiple-deposited single-layer silver metal or silver alloy layers have a suitable total physical thickness offers additional advantages. These advantages include: minimizing accumulated stress (including thermal and internal stress) and defects (e.g., cracks and pores) during deposition, thus improving bending compatibility; reducing sensitivity to pinholes; improving compatibility with production equipment; increasing production line speed; and reducing production costs. Therefore, based on the aforementioned research using laminated single-layer silver as the metal layer in the semi-reflective layer, we further investigate a semi-reflective layer with the following design: this semi-reflective layer comprises multiple single-layer silver metal layers, each separated from the others by other layers (e.g., a base blocking layer, an additional blocking layer, an intermediate dielectric layer, etc.) and not in contact with each other.

[0338] Numerous designs exist for such semi-reflective stacked layers that conform to specifications, too many to list here. This is merely an example, not a limitation; for instance, a semi-reflective layer can be a multi-layered stack containing multiple layers of silver metal. Figure 7 An example of a multilayer stack containing three layers of silver metal is shown.

[0339] Figure 7 A specific embodiment of the semi-reflective layer is shown. The semi-reflective layer 700 sequentially comprises: a first outer dielectric layer 701, which sequentially includes: a silicon nitride (Si3N4) layer 7011, a SiZrNx (silicon-zirconium nitride) layer 7012, and a zinc oxide (ZnO) layer 7013; a first monolayer silver metal layer 702; a nickel-chromium alloy (NiCr) as a first base blocking layer 703; a zinc oxide (ZnO) layer as a first intermediate dielectric layer 704; and a second monolayer... The structure comprises: a silver metal layer 705; a nickel-chromium alloy (NiCr) as a second basic blocking layer 706; a zinc oxide (ZnO) layer as a second intermediate dielectric layer 707; a third monolayer silver metal layer 708; a nickel-chromium alloy (NiCr) as a third basic blocking layer 709; and a second outer dielectric layer 710, which sequentially includes: a zinc oxide (ZnO) layer 7101, a silicon nitride (Si3N4) layer 7102, and a SiZrNx (silicon-zirconium nitride) layer 7103.

[0340] The semi-reflective layers 700a and 700b adopt the structure of the semi-reflective layer 700, and the thickness of each layer is shown in Table 2 below.

[0341] Table 2

[0342]

[0343] Furthermore, the optical performance of the composite components containing the aforementioned semi-reflective layers 700a and 700b was simulated.

[0344] The structural designs of these two composite components are as follows: Figure 12 As shown. The composite component 1800 sequentially includes: a glass substrate 1801 (physical thickness of 2.1 mm), which serves as the first substrate; a semi-reflective layer 1802, which adopts the structure of the semi-reflective layer 700, and the silicon nitride (Si3N4) layer 7011 in the first outer dielectric layer 701 is in contact with the glass substrate 1801; an adhesive layer 1803 (physical thickness of 0.76 mm); and a glass substrate 1804 (physical thickness of 2.1 mm), with the adhesive layer 1803 and the glass substrate 1804 together serving as the second substrate.

[0345] Composite component 1800a adopts the structure of composite component 1800, wherein the semi-reflective layer 1802 adopts the structure of the aforementioned semi-reflective layer 700a, the glass substrate 1801 is plain white glass (Saint-Gobain's PLC (Planiclear) plain white glass), the adhesive layer 1803 is transparent PVB, and the glass substrate 1804 is glass with a visible light absorption rate of approximately 90% (Saint-Gobain's VG10 glass).

[0346] Composite component 1800b adopts the structure of composite component 1800, wherein the semi-reflective layer 1802 adopts the structure of the aforementioned semi-reflective layer 700b, the glass substrate 1801 is plain white glass (Saint-Gobain's PLC (Planiclear) plain white glass), the adhesive layer 1803 is transparent PVB, and the glass substrate 1804 is glass with a visible light absorption rate of approximately 90% (Saint-Gobain's VG10 glass).

[0347] Without considering the influence of texture in the composite component, the optical performance of the two composite components mentioned above was simulated, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0348] Table 3. Simulation and calculation of the two composite components in the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared light range (transmission incident angle of 0°, reflection incident angle of 8°, ISO 13837 & ISO 9050, AM = 1.5).

[0349] Optical parameters Composite component 1800a Composite component 1800b TL 4.8％ 4.5％ TE 2.9％ 2.6％ RL(F1) 78.7％ 79.8％ RL(F4) 10.6％ 10.6％ RE 80.3％ 80.7％ TTS 7.5％ 7.2％

[0350] *Here, AM stands for Air Mass.

[0351] Here, TL represents the transmittance of the composite component to visible light.

[0352] Here, TE represents the transmittance of the composite component for ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared light (300-2500nm).

[0353] Here, RL(F1) represents the reflectivity of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate.

[0354] Here, RL(F4) represents the reflectivity of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate.

[0355] Here, RE represents the reflectivity of the composite component for ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared light (300-2500nm) incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate.

[0356] Here, TTS represents the total solar transmittance of the composite module.

[0357] According to the simulation results in Table 3 above, without the LowE coating, the two composite components already have very low total solar transmittance (7.5% and 7.2%, respectively), indicating that the composite components can achieve excellent thermal comfort control. In the composite components, the presence of texture only has a slight impact on the SCI (Specular Component Include) reflection. Therefore, even considering the effect of texture in the composite components, the total solar transmittance of the two composite components will still be at a very low level. Thus, it is evident that the composite components incorporating the semi-reflective layer of this invention can achieve excellent thermal comfort control.

[0358] Furthermore, the two composite components mentioned above may further include a LowE coating. For example, the LowE coating may be disposed on the side of the glass substrate 1804 facing away from the semi-reflective layer 1802, which can further reduce the total solar transmittance of the composite component, thereby achieving a better thermal comfort control effect.

[0359] If the influence of the texture structure of the semi-reflective layer is further considered, when light reaches the semi-reflective layer, the light is reflected primarily through diffuse reflection. The relevant reflectivity parameter values ​​of the composite components in Table 2 are approximately equal to or very close to their corresponding diffuse reflectivity parameter values. For example, the value of RL(F1) in Table 2 can also be used to represent the diffuse reflectivity of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, and the value of RL(F4) can also be used to represent the diffuse reflectivity of the composite component for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate. Therefore, according to Table 2, composite components 1800a and 1800b can have diffuse reflectivity values ​​within a suitable range.

[0360] Furthermore, as shown in Table 2, both of the aforementioned composite components have relatively low transmittance for visible light, which is beneficial for achieving features such as privacy. Moreover, when this composite component is used for projection, it can also reduce interference from ambient light on the projected display.

[0361] Furthermore, the colors of light reflection and transmission by the two composite components mentioned above were simulated respectively.

[0362] For composite component 1800a, the transmission Lab value of composite component 1800a for incident light (incident angle 0°) is (a*=-3.4, b*=1.7), the reflection Lab value of composite component 1800a for light from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate (incident angle 8°) is (a*=0.0, b*=0.6), and the reflection Lab value of composite component 1800a for light from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate (incident angle 60°) is (a*=0.1, b*=0.6).

[0363] For composite component 1800b, the transmission Lab value of composite component 1800b for incident light (incident angle 0°) is (a*=-3.3, b*=0.3), the reflection Lab value of composite component 1800b for light from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate (incident angle 8°) is (a*=-0.1, b*=1.5), and the reflection Lab value of composite component 1800b for light from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate (incident angle 60°) is (a*=-0.1, b*=1.3).

[0364] In summary, the composite component of the present invention includes a semi-reflective layer with a textured outer surface, and may also include a first substrate and a second substrate. This design helps the composite component of the present invention achieve a suitable diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from both sides of the semi-reflective layer and a suitable transmittance for visible light.

[0365] Specifically, on the one hand, the first substrate of the composite component is highly transparent to visible light, allowing the transmission of the vast majority of visible light. Therefore, most of the visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate can pass through the first substrate. The semi-reflective layer with a textured surface has a high diffuse reflectance for visible light that passes through the first substrate and reaches the semi-reflective layer. This design enables the composite component of the present invention to have a high diffuse reflectance (approximately 40% to approximately 90%) for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, contributing to good thermal comfort on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate. Furthermore, since the semi-reflective layer reflects visible light diffusely rather than specularly, the composite component effectively avoids optical contamination while achieving the aforementioned high diffuse reflectance. Further, the visible light transmitted through the semi-reflective layer is further absorbed by the second substrate, resulting in a low transmittance of visible light in the composite component, for example, only about 0.5% to about 10%. This low visible light transmittance helps the composite component of the present invention achieve, for example, a privacy function. When the composite component is desired to have a projection display function, the aforementioned low visible light transmittance can also reduce interference from ambient light on the projection display on the side of the second substrate. On the other hand, the second substrate of the composite component can absorb a certain amount of visible light, thus appropriately absorbing visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate (including absorbing visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer), thereby giving the composite component a suitable diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate. For cases where the composite component is desired to have good thermal comfort and projection display function, a diffuse reflectance of approximately 10% to approximately 25% for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate helps control the intensity of diffuse reflection of visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, thereby helping to achieve suitable projection display brightness on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate and avoiding potential light pollution on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate. For composite components that are expected to have excellent thermal comfort, better light pollution control, and optimized visibility, the diffuse reflectance of the composite component to visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate is less than about 10%, preferably less than about 8%. This design helps to control the diffuse reflectance intensity of visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, thereby helping to minimize potential light pollution on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, and optimizing the visibility on the other side from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, for example, making the visibility clearer.

[0366] Preparation method of composite components

[0367] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for preparing a composite component comprising a semi-reflective layer, comprising: providing a substrate having a textured surface, and forming layers of the semi-reflective layer on the textured surface to obtain the semi-reflective layer.

[0368] In one embodiment, the textured surface of the substrate may be in contact with the first outer dielectric layer of the semi-reflective layer. In one embodiment, the substrate with the textured surface may be a layer of either a second substrate or a first substrate. In one embodiment, the substrate with the textured surface may be a polymer layer, a glass substrate, a dimming film, or a film substrate layer.

[0369] To ensure the parallelism of the individual textured contact surfaces in the composite component, the semi-reflective layer can be formed, for example, by physical vapor deposition, preferably by cathodic sputtering. Cathodic sputtering, especially magnetic field-enhanced cathodic sputtering, ensures that the textured first outer surface and the textured second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer are parallel to each other, thereby ensuring the parallelism of the individual textured contact surfaces in the semi-reflective layer.

[0370] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for preparing a composite component comprising a semi-reflective layer, a second substrate, and a first substrate, comprising: providing at least one layer of the second substrate and / or at least one layer of the first substrate and a semi-reflective layer having a textured first outer surface and a textured second outer surface to obtain at least a portion of the composite component; optionally, further providing other layers of the second substrate and the first substrate to obtain the composite component.

[0371] In one embodiment, at least a portion of the composite component is obtained by the following steps: providing at least one layer of a second substrate and a first substrate, forming a textured surface on one surface of one of the at least one layer of the second substrate and the first substrate, forming a semi-reflective layer on the textured surface, and forming at least one layer of the other of the second substrate and the first substrate on the surface of the semi-reflective layer opposite to one of the at least one layer of the second substrate and the first substrate, to obtain at least a portion of the composite component; optionally, one of the layers is a polymer layer or a glass substrate or a dimming film or a film substrate layer.

[0372] In one embodiment, at least one layer of a second substrate is provided, a textured surface is formed on the surface of one of the at least one layers of the second substrate, a semi-reflective layer is formed on the textured surface, and at least one layer of a first substrate is formed on the surface of the semi-reflective layer opposite to the surface of the at least one layer of the second substrate, to obtain at least a portion of the composite assembly; optionally, other layers of the second substrate and the first substrate are further provided to obtain the composite assembly. In one embodiment, one of the layers is a polymer layer, a glass substrate, a dimming film, or a film substrate layer.

[0373] The texture of the contact surface of the semi-reflective layer in contact with the second substrate is complementary to the texture of the textured surface of one of the layers of the second substrate. Depending on the material of one of the layers of the second substrate, a corresponding process can be used to process the one layer of the second substrate to form a textured surface on one surface of the one layer of the second substrate.

[0374] For example, when one of the layers of the second substrate is a glass substrate, the texture can be obtained by processes such as acid etching, sandblasting (dry blasting, wet blasting), and laser etching.

[0375] For example, when one of the layers of the second substrate is a polymer layer, a pre-designed texture can be formed on one surface of the polymer layer by means of, for example, imprinting, thereby obtaining a textured surface of the polymer layer. For example, nanoimprinting, which has advantages such as high efficiency and high resolution, can be used to obtain the texture. Nanoimprinting techniques applicable herein include, but are not limited to, ultraviolet nanoimprinting, thermal nanoimprinting, and molding nanoimprinting. Alternatively, a textured surface can also be formed on one surface of the polymer layer by transfer techniques, such as ultraviolet transfer. Furthermore, using a texture printer with roll-to-roll functionality can effectively improve the manufacturing efficiency.

[0376] In another embodiment, at least one layer of a first substrate is provided, a textured surface is formed on the surface of one of the at least one layers of the first substrate, a semi-reflective layer is formed on the textured surface, and at least one layer of a second substrate is formed on the surface of the semi-reflective layer opposite to the surface of the at least one layer of the first substrate to obtain at least a portion of the composite assembly; optionally, other layers of the second substrate and the first substrate are further provided to obtain the composite assembly. In one embodiment, one of the layers is a polymer layer, a glass substrate, or a film substrate layer.

[0377] The texture of the contact surface of the semi-reflective layer in contact with the first substrate is complementary to the texture of the textured surface of one of the layers of the first substrate. A textured surface can be formed on the surface of one of the layers of the first substrate using the same method. Depending on the material of one of the layers of the first substrate, a corresponding process can be used to process the one layer of the first substrate to form a textured surface on one surface of that layer.

[0378] For example, when one of the layers of the first substrate is a glass substrate, the texture can be obtained by processes such as acid etching, dry blasting, wet blasting, and laser etching.

[0379] For example, when one of the layers of the first substrate is a polymer layer, a pre-designed texture can be formed on one surface of the polymer layer by means of, for example, imprinting, thereby obtaining a textured surface of the polymer layer. For example, nanoimprinting, which has advantages such as high efficiency and high resolution, can be used to obtain the texture. Nanoimprinting techniques applicable herein include, but are not limited to, ultraviolet nanoimprinting, thermal nanoimprinting, and molding nanoimprinting. Alternatively, a textured surface can also be formed on one surface of the polymer layer by transfer technology, such as ultraviolet transfer. Furthermore, using a texture printer with roll-to-roll functionality can effectively improve the manufacturing efficiency.

[0380] For example, when one of the layers is a polymer layer, a textured surface is formed on one surface of the polymer layer, and a semi-reflective layer is formed on this textured surface. Then, another polymer layer (as at least one layer of, for example, the second substrate and the first substrate) in contact with the semi-reflective layer can be prepared by wet coating, including but not limited to slot coating, curtain coating, blade coating, roller coating, spraying, spin coating, screen printing, etc. Specifically, a raw material for forming the other polymer layer (which can be a material with suitable fluidity) can be applied to the semi-reflective layer. Utilizing its fluidity, the raw material can fully fill the textured surface of the semi-reflective layer, and then the other polymer layer can be formed by curing, resulting in a smooth surface of the other polymer layer.

[0381] This invention does not impose any particular limitation on the curing method. Commonly used curing methods in the field can be selected based on the properties of the polymer layer used, such as thermal curing, UV curing, and electron beam curing. UV curing causes almost no quality loss before and after completion, and the stress exerted on the glass film, for example, by forming the polymer layer through UV curing is relatively small. Furthermore, UV curing can be performed at room temperature. Based on these characteristics of UV curing, forming the polymer layer through UV curing does not cause significant internal stress in the glass film, making the glass film less prone to damage in subsequent lamination processes and facilitating mass production.

[0382] In a preferred embodiment, the contact surface of the semi-reflective layer that contacts the first substrate (i.e., the textured first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer) and the textured second outer surface are parallel (parallel textured surfaces indicate that the textures are parallel to each other). More preferably, all textured contact surfaces in the composite assembly are parallel to each other. To ensure the parallelism of the textured contact surfaces in the composite assembly, the semi-reflective layer can be formed, for example, by physical vapor deposition, preferably by cathodic sputtering. Cathodic sputtering, especially magnetic field-enhanced cathodic sputtering, can ensure that the textured first outer surface and the textured second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer are parallel to each other, thereby ensuring the parallelism of the textured contact surfaces in the semi-reflective layer.

[0383] Form Assembly

[0384] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a form assembly comprising the composite component of the present invention.

[0385] In one embodiment, the window assembly includes a door, window, curtain wall, vehicle window glass, aircraft glass, or ship glass. In a preferred embodiment, the window assembly is a vehicle window glass, which includes a rear windshield, sunroof, door glass, or corner window glass. In a more preferred embodiment, the vehicle window glass is a sunroof.

[0386] In one specific embodiment, the first substrate of the window assembly faces outwards from the vehicle, and the second substrate faces inwards from the vehicle. In a more specific embodiment, the window glass has specular transmission of visible light.

[0387] In one specific implementation, the first substrate in the window assembly faces the sunlight source, while the second substrate in the window assembly faces away from the sunlight source.

[0388] vehicle

[0389] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a vehicle that includes the window assembly of the present invention.

[0390] In one embodiment, the vehicle further includes a projection device configured to project light toward a second substrate of the window assembly for forming a projected image on the side of the semi-reflective layer facing the second substrate.

[0391] It should be understood here that the embodiments shown in the figures only illustrate the optional architecture, shape, size and arrangement of the various optional components in the composite component, glass component and window assembly according to the present invention. However, they are only illustrative and not limiting. Other shapes, sizes and arrangements may be adopted without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0392] The technical content and features of this disclosure have been disclosed above. However, it is understood that those skilled in the art can make various changes and improvements to the above-disclosed concept under the inventive concept of this disclosure, but all such changes and improvements fall within the protection scope of this disclosure. The description of the above embodiments is illustrative rather than restrictive, and the protection scope of this disclosure is determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A composite component comprising a semi-reflective layer having a textured first outer surface and a textured second outer surface, the semi-reflective layer comprising: First outer dielectric layer; An alternating arrangement of n functional composite layers and at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2; and Second outer dielectric layer; in, Each of the n functional composite layers is independently composed of the following layers: A single layer of silver metal or a single layer of silver alloy; A base blocking layer, which contacts the monolayer silver metal layer or monolayer silver alloy layer on the side of the monolayer silver metal layer or monolayer silver alloy layer opposite to the first outer dielectric layer; and An optional additional blocking layer is present, which is in contact with the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer on the side of the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer away from the base blocking layer; in, The alternating arrangement of n functional composite layers and at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers is located between the first outer dielectric layer and the second outer dielectric layer. The first outer dielectric layer is in contact with one of the n functional composite layers, and the second outer dielectric layer is in contact with one of the n functional composite layers. The total physical thickness of all the single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers in the semi-reflective layer is approximately 25 nm or more.

2. The composite component according to claim 1, wherein The total physical thickness of all the single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers in the semi-reflective layer is less than approximately 50 nm.

3. The composite component according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The total physical thickness of all single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers in the semi-reflective layer is approximately 30 nm or more; and / or The total physical thickness of all the single-layer silver metal layers or single-layer silver alloy layers in the semi-reflective layer is less than approximately 45 nm.

4. The composite component according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein The physical thickness of each of the said monolayer silver metal layer or monolayer silver alloy layer is independently less than about 45 nm, preferably about 10 nm to about 20 nm.

5. The composite component according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein Each of the single-layer silver metal layer or single-layer silver alloy layer has the same physical thickness.

6. The composite component according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein Each layer in the semi-reflective layer has a textured contact surface with each of the adjacent layers, and the texture of each contact surface is conformal to the texture of the adjacent contact surface.

7. The composite component according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein The textured first outer surface and the textured second outer surface are parallel; or The textured first outer surface, the textured second outer surface, and each layer in the semi-reflective layer are parallel to each other with the textured contact surfaces of the adjacent layers.

8. The composite component according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein The root mean square slope of the contour of the textured first outer surface and / or the textured second outer surface is about 2° to about 20°.

9. The composite component according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein The optical thickness of the first outer dielectric layer is approximately 20 nm to approximately 350 nm; and / or The optical thickness of the second outer dielectric layer is approximately 20 nm to approximately 350 nm.

10. The composite component according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein Of the at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers, one or more intermediate dielectric layers have an optical thickness that is independently greater than or equal to 0 nm and less than about 140 nm. Preferably, the optical thickness of each intermediate dielectric layer is independently greater than or equal to 0 nm and less than about 140 nm.

11. The composite component according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein Of the at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers, one or more intermediate dielectric layers have an optical thickness that is independently greater than or equal to 0 nm and less than about 100 nm. Preferably, the optical thickness of each intermediate dielectric layer is independently greater than or equal to 0 nm and less than about 100 nm.

12. The composite component according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein Of the at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers, one or more intermediate dielectric layers have an optical thickness that is independently greater than or equal to 0 nm and less than about 50 nm. Preferably, the optical thickness of each intermediate dielectric layer is independently greater than or equal to 0 nm and less than about 50 nm.

13. The composite component according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein The semi-reflective layer comprises 0, 1, 2...n-2, or n-1 intermediate dielectric layers.

14. The composite component according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein The basic blocking layer and the additional blocking layer each independently comprise nickel, chromium, titanium, niobium, gold, aluminum, platinum, rhodium, copper, zinc, or any alloy thereof; and / or The physical thickness of each of the aforementioned basic blocking layers is independently from about 0.1 nm to about 4 nm; and / or The physical thickness of each of the additional blocking layers is independently from about 0.1 nm to about 4 nm.

15. The composite component according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein Each of the first outer dielectric layer, the second outer dielectric layer, and the at most n-1 intermediate dielectric layers independently comprises at least one dielectric material layer. Choose any location Each of the at least one dielectric material layer independently comprises the following oxides, nitrides, or sulfides: silicon, zirconium, titanium, tin, zinc, aluminum, or any combination thereof.

16. The composite component according to any one of claims 1-15, wherein The n is an integer from 2 to 6, preferably an integer from 2 to 4.

17. The composite component according to any one of claims 1-16, wherein the composite component further comprises a substrate having a textured surface, the textured surface of the substrate being in contact with the first external dielectric layer, optionally the substrate being a polymer layer or a glass substrate or a dimming film or a film substrate layer.

18. The composite component according to any one of claims 1-16, further comprising: First substrate, and Second substrate; in, The semi-reflective layer is located between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate is in contact with the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the contact surface of the first substrate is textured, with the texture being complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer; and The second substrate is in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the contact surface of the second substrate is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer.

19. The composite component according to claim 18, wherein, The main body of the composite component consists of a first substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a second substrate; and / or The area or size of the semi-reflective layer is approximately the same as the area or size of the first substrate and / or the second substrate.

20. The composite component according to claim 18 or 19, wherein, The first substrate is closer to external sunlight than the second substrate.

21. The composite component according to any one of claims 18-20, wherein The composite component has a diffuse reflectance of about 40% to about 90% for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate facing away from the second substrate; and / or The composite component has a total solar transmittance of less than approximately 10% for sunlight incident from the side of the first substrate facing away from the second substrate; and / or The composite component has a solar direct reflectance (RDS) of about 55% or more, preferably about 64% or more, for diffuse reflection of sunlight incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate.

22. The composite component according to any one of claims 18-21, wherein The composite component has a visible light transmittance of about 0.5% to about 10%; and / or The composite component has a diffuse reflectance of about 55% to about 95% for near-infrared light incident from the side of the first substrate facing away from the second substrate; and / or The haze of the composite component is less than approximately 10%.

23. The composite component according to any one of claims 18-22, wherein The first substrate has a reflectance of about 3.8% to about 4.5%, about 4% to about 4.2%, or about 4% for visible light incident from the side of the first substrate away from the second substrate; and / or The first substrate has an absorption rate of visible light incident from the side of the first substrate opposite to the second substrate that is greater than 0 to about 1.5%, about 0.8% to about 1.2%, or about 1%; and / or The first substrate has a transmittance of more than 60% for visible light; and / or The first substrate has a near-infrared light transmittance of over 60%.

24. The composite component according to any one of claims 18-23, wherein The composite component serves as a projection screen, with the second substrate facing the projection light, for forming a projected image on the side of the semi-reflective layer facing the second substrate.

25. The composite component according to any one of claims 18-24, wherein The composite component has a diffuse reflectance of about 10% to about 25% for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate.

26. The composite component according to any one of claims 18-25, wherein The composite component has a transmittance of about 0.5% to about 2.5% for visible light.

27. The composite component according to any one of claims 18-23, wherein The composite component has a diffuse reflectance of less than about 10% for visible light incident from the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate.

28. The composite component according to any one of claims 18-27, wherein The second substrate includes one or more layers, wherein one surface of one layer is in contact with the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the contact surface of one layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second outer surface of the semi-reflective layer.

29. The composite component according to any one of claims 18-28, wherein The first substrate comprises one or more layers, wherein one surface of one layer contacts the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contact surface of one layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first outer surface of the semi-reflective layer. All layers included in the first substrate are transparent.

30. The composite component according to any one of claims 18-29, wherein The second substrate includes any one or any combination of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a dimming film, a polymer layer, and a film substrate layer; and / or The first substrate includes any one or any combination of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a polymer layer, and a film substrate layer; Choose any location The glass substrate includes any one or any combination of soda-lime silicate float glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, glass-ceramic glass, and polycarbonate glass; and / or The adhesive layer comprises any one or any combination of optical adhesive, thermoplastic polymer, and pressure-sensitive adhesive; further optionally, the adhesive layer comprises any one or any combination of polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, and ionomer interlayer; and / or The dimming film includes any one or any combination of dyed polymer-dispersed liquid crystal dimming film, suspended particle dimming film, electrochromic dimming film, and host-guest type liquid crystal dimming film; and / or The polymer layer comprises any one or any combination thereof of polyester, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyamide, polyimide, rigid polyvinyl butyral, photocrosslinked and / or photopolymerized resin, and polythiourethane; and / or The film substrate layer includes any one or any combination of glass film and thermoplastic polymer film; further optionally, the thermoplastic polymer film includes any one or any combination of polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyimide, cyclic olefin polymer, polycarbonate, and cellulose triacetate. Further optional, The thickness of the glass film is from about 25 μm to about 200 μm; and / or The thickness of the thermoplastic polymer film is from about 0.15 mm to about 0.25 mm.

31. A method for preparing a composite component according to any one of claims 18-30, comprising: Provides at least one layer of a second substrate and / or at least one layer of a first substrate, and a semi-reflective layer having a textured first outer surface and a textured second outer surface. To obtain at least a portion of the composite component; Optionally, additional layers of the second substrate and the first substrate are provided to obtain the composite component.

32. The method according to claim 31, wherein, At least a portion of the composite component is obtained through the following steps: Provide at least one layer of either the second substrate or the first substrate. A textured surface is formed on one surface of at least one layer of the second substrate and the first substrate, and a semi-reflective layer is formed on the textured surface. At least one layer of the other of the second substrate and the first substrate is formed on the surface of at least one of the layers of the semi-reflective layer that is opposite to one of the second substrate and the first substrate. To obtain at least a portion of the composite component; Optionally, one of the layers is a polymer layer, a glass substrate, a dimming film, or a film substrate layer.

33. A form assembly comprising the composite component of any one of claims 1-30.

34. The form assembly according to claim 33, wherein The window assembly includes doors, windows, curtain walls, vehicle windows, aircraft windows, or ship windows. Optionally, the window assembly is a vehicle window, which includes a rear windshield, sunroof, door window, or corner window.

35. A vehicle comprising a window assembly according to claim 33 or 34, optionally further comprising a projection device configured to project light toward a second substrate of the window assembly for forming a projected image on the side of the semi-reflective layer facing the second substrate.

Images