A topologically optimized vibration-damping self-powered pantograph device and design and manufacturing method

Abstract

The application provides a topological optimization damping self-powered pantograph device and a design and manufacturing method, and relates to the technical field of rail transit power supply. Through a topological optimization algorithm, the arrangement form and structure configuration of a piezoelectric functional unit are accurately determined, piezoelectric materials are concentratedly arranged at the position with the maximum vibration strain energy density of the upper arm frame of the pantograph under working conditions, efficient electromechanical energy conversion can be realized in the vibration core area, the energy collection efficiency is greatly improved, the vehicle-mounted monitoring system is stably self-powered, the electromechanical coupling characteristics and interface action of the piezoelectric materials are used, vibration energy is dissipated and the local stiffness of the structure is adjusted, the key vibration mode is accurately inhibited, and the optimal damping and noise reduction effect is realized by using a small amount of additional materials. Meanwhile, full coverage is not needed, the additional self-weight is effectively controlled, the flexible piezoelectric composite material can be attached to the curved surface structure of the upper arm frame, and the reliability of the device is improved. The drawbacks of the traditional scheme, such as large weight, low damping efficiency and inability to self-power, are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail transit power supply technology, and more specifically, to a topology-optimized vibration-damping self-powered pantograph device and its design and manufacturing method. Background Technology

[0002] The pantograph is a key device for high-speed trains to obtain electrical energy. The upper boom of the pantograph is usually made of a metal tubular structure. During high-speed operation, aerodynamic disturbances and pantograph-catenary contact impacts cause broadband vibrations and radiated noise in the upper boom. To suppress vibration and noise, traditional solutions usually involve applying a full-coverage damping coating or adding mass blocks to the surface of the upper boom. However, this full-coverage design significantly increases the non-functional weight of the structure, which is not conducive to the lightweighting of the pantograph; on the other hand, because the materials are not specifically placed in the areas where vibration energy is most concentrated, the vibration reduction efficiency is low and the material utilization rate is not high. In addition, in order to monitor the working status of the pantograph, sensors usually need to be placed on the high-voltage side, and the continuous power supply to the high-voltage side sensors is a technical challenge. Therefore, there is a technical deficiency in the existing technology: it is difficult to achieve efficient vibration and noise reduction with minimal additional weight and cost while retaining the existing mature pantograph main structure, and at the same time provide a stable and reliable energy supply for the high-voltage side condition monitoring system. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a topology-optimized vibration-damping self-powered pantograph device and its design and manufacturing method, which addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies and solves the problems mentioned in the background.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A topology-optimized vibration-damping self-powered pantograph device, comprising: Upper boom body; The distributed functional layer is discretely attached to the outer surface of the upper boom body; The energy management module is electrically connected to the distributed functional layer. The distributed functional layer consists of several discretely distributed piezoelectric functional units. The spatial layout and geometric configuration of the piezoelectric functional units on the surface of the upper boom body are determined based on a topology optimization algorithm. The layout and configuration are configured to be associated with the vibration strain energy density distribution of the upper boom body under preset working conditions, so that the piezoelectric functional units are concentrated in the high strain energy region. The self-powered monitoring system is integrated into the energy management module and is configured to receive energy allocated by the energy management module for status sensing and wireless data transmission.

[0005] Furthermore, the upper boom body is a metal tubular structure, and under preset working conditions, the upper boom body is divided into a bending-dominant zone and a torsion-dominant zone.

[0006] Furthermore, the layout and configuration of the piezoelectric functional units are specifically configured to correspond to the bending-dominant and torsional-dominant regions of the upper boom body under preset working conditions, so that the piezoelectric functional units are discretely distributed in the axial tensile strain energy concentration region and the shear strain energy concentration region.

[0007] Furthermore, the body material of the piezoelectric functional unit is a flexible piezoelectric composite material, and the piezoelectric functional unit is closely attached to the outer surface of the upper boom body.

[0008] Furthermore, the distributed functional layer also includes an adhesive damping layer, which is disposed between the piezoelectric functional unit and the outer surface of the upper boom body. The adhesive damping layer is used to provide adhesive force and increase structural damping loss.

[0009] Furthermore, the surface of the distributed functional layer is encapsulated with a high-voltage insulation protective layer, which is made of a high-voltage resistant and weather-resistant polymer material.

[0010] Furthermore, the energy management module is equipped with an electromagnetic shielding housing and a filtering circuit.

[0011] Furthermore, the self-powered monitoring system includes: The sensing unit is electrically connected to the energy management module and is configured to sense the working status information of the upper boom body. The wireless transmission module is electrically connected to the energy management module and is configured to wirelessly transmit the data collected by the sensing unit to an external receiving terminal.

[0012] This invention also provides a design and manufacturing method for a topology-optimized, vibration-damping, self-powered pantograph device, which is used to manufacture the aforementioned pantograph device and includes the following steps: Establish a finite element model of the main body of the pantograph boom; Dynamic simulation analysis was performed to obtain the surface strain energy distribution cloud map of the upper boom body under typical operating conditions. Using the piezoelectric material distribution density as the design variable and maximizing the weighted strain energy as the objective function, topology optimization calculations are performed to obtain the material distribution configuration of the piezoelectric material. Based on the topology optimization results, the material distribution configuration is discretized into several piezoelectric functional units with specific shapes; The piezoelectric functional unit is then bonded to the designated position on the surface of the actual upper boom body.

[0013] The present invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects: 1. This invention does not require changes to the existing pantograph tubing manufacturing process and can be directly upgraded and modified on the finished boom, making implementation convenient. This provides a highly practical path for achieving low-cost intelligent monitoring and full life-cycle management of pantographs; 2. This invention abandons the traditional full-coverage damping design and uses a topology optimization algorithm to accurately locate the pain point area where the upper boom's vibration strain energy is concentrated. This discretized and precise layout greatly reduces additional weight and material costs while achieving optimal material utilization and vibration reduction power generation efficiency; 3. The flexible piezoelectric fiber composite material selected in this invention solves the problem that traditional brittle ceramics are difficult to fit onto the curved surface of circular tubes and are prone to breakage. Its flexibility significantly improves the fatigue resistance of the device under high-speed operation and impact loads, ensuring long-term reliability; 4. This invention constructs a composite structure of "metal substrate-adhesive damping layer-piezoelectric functional layer," utilizing electromechanical coupling effect and interface damping to synergistically suppress structural vibration and attenuate noise radiation. Simultaneously, it efficiently converts harmful mechanical vibrations into clean electrical energy, solving the passive power supply bottleneck of high-voltage side sensors. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure provided by the present invention, showing the distributed functional layer installed on the upper boom body; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the topology optimization process; Figure 3 For along Figure 1 A radial sectional view of the upper and middle boom body; Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating the principle of the energy management module.

[0016] Icons: 100, upper boom body; 210, piezoelectric functional unit; 220, adhesive damping layer; 230, high voltage insulation protection layer; 300, energy management module; 400, self-powered monitoring system; 410, sensing unit; 420, wireless transmission module; 430, external receiving terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0018] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a topology-optimized vibration-damping self-powered pantograph device, which includes: an upper boom body 100, a distributed functional layer, an energy management module 300, and a self-powered monitoring system 400. The upper boom body 100 is the main load-bearing structural component connecting the base and the pantograph head; in this embodiment, it is specifically a standard metal tubular structure. The distributed functional layer is discretely attached to the outer surface of the upper boom body 100. The distributed functional layer consists of several discretely distributed piezoelectric functional units 210. The spatial layout and geometric configuration of the piezoelectric functional units 210 on the surface of the upper boom body 100 are determined based on a topology optimization algorithm. This layout and configuration are configured to be associated with the vibration strain energy density distribution of the upper boom body 100 under preset working conditions, so that the piezoelectric functional units 210 are concentrated in high strain energy regions. The energy management module 300 is electrically connected to the distributed functional layer. The self-powered monitoring system 400 is integrated into the energy management module 300 and configured to receive energy allocated by the energy management module 300 for status sensing and wireless data transmission.

[0019] When the pantograph device is in operation, the upper boom body 100 is subjected to dynamic loads and vibrates during pantograph operation. The vibration energy forms a specific strain energy distribution on the surface of the upper boom body 100, with high strain energy regions corresponding to the locations of most intense vibration and concentrated energy. The piezoelectric functional units 210 in the distributed functional layer are precisely positioned within these high strain energy regions. When vibration occurs, the piezoelectric functional units 210 located in the high strain energy regions efficiently convert mechanical vibration energy into electrical energy through electromechanical coupling. This electrical energy is transmitted to the energy management module 300 for processing and storage. The managed energy is then distributed to the self-powered monitoring system 400, driving it to sense the working status of the upper boom body 100 and wirelessly transmit data. Simultaneously, during energy conversion, the electromechanical coupling effect of the piezoelectric functional units 210 themselves, along with their local constraint effect on the upper boom body 100, dissipates and suppresses structural vibration energy, thereby achieving an integrated and coordinated function of vibration reduction, noise reduction, and self-powered operation.

[0020] Specifically, the upper boom body 100 is divided into a bending-dominant zone and a torsional-dominant zone under preset working conditions. Under the combined excitation of high-speed airflow and pantograph-catenary contact force, the upper boom body 100 exhibits complex multi-mode vibration. Bending-dominant zone: Several discontinuous, elongated strip-shaped patches stretching axially are formed at the upper and lower surface edges at the mid-span of the upper boom body 100. This corresponds to the region with the largest tensile and compressive strain energy under the first bending mode of the structure. Torsional-dominant zone: Irregular island-shaped patches are formed on the sides near the joints at both ends of the upper boom body 100. This is the region where shear strain energy is concentrated due to the eccentric loading moment of the pantograph head. These two zones together constitute the energy concentration path of the upper boom body 100 in its dynamic response.

[0021] The determination of the two dominant regions mentioned above forms the basis for the layout and configuration of the piezoelectric functional unit 210. Specifically, the layout and configuration of the piezoelectric functional unit 210 is configured to correspond to the bending and torsional dominant regions of the upper boom body 100 under preset working conditions. This allows the piezoelectric functional units 210 to be discretely distributed in the axial tensile strain energy concentration region and the shear strain energy concentration region. Specifically, in the bending dominant region, the piezoelectric functional units 210 are discretely distributed along the upper and lower surface edges of the tube where axial tensile strain energy is concentrated. Their geometric configuration typically exhibits discontinuous strips extending axially to maximize the capture of tensile strain under the bending mode. In the torsional dominant region, the piezoelectric functional units 210 are discretely distributed in the side region near the joint, and their geometric configuration often exhibits irregular island-like patches, specifically designed to capture shear strain under the torsional mode. This configuration significantly improves the electromechanical energy conversion efficiency and the targeted nature of vibration suppression.

[0022] The piezoelectric functional unit 210 is made of a flexible piezoelectric composite material and is tightly bonded to the outer surface of the upper boom body 100. Since the upper boom body 100 is typically a cylindrical metal structure with a curved surface, using traditional brittle piezoelectric ceramic sheets would lead to fracture due to bending stress or introduce significant prestress when bonded to the curved surface, thus reducing performance and posing reliability risks. Flexible piezoelectric composite materials, such as piezoelectric fiber composites (MFC), by embedding piezoelectric fibers into a flexible polymer matrix, endow the piezoelectric functional unit 210 with excellent out-of-plane compliance and surface adaptability. This allows the piezoelectric functional unit 210 to be tightly bonded to the outer surface of the upper boom body 100 without requiring complex additive or subtractive processing of the upper boom body 100 surface. This tight bond not only ensures high-fidelity transmission of strain energy from the upper boom body 100 to the piezoelectric functional unit 210 but also avoids additional collision noise and energy loss caused by gaps. As a specific implementation method, this flexible piezoelectric composite material is selected with a high piezoelectric constant (d 33The MFC patch utilizes interdigitated electrodes to fully leverage the axial stretching mode of the fiber, compared to the use of (d) 31 Thin film materials in the ) mode have higher energy density output.

[0023] In addition, the distributed functional layer also includes an adhesive damping layer 220, which is disposed between the piezoelectric functional unit 210 and the outer surface of the upper boom body 100. The adhesive damping layer 220 is used to provide adhesive force and increase structural damping loss. When vibration occurs, the strain energy of the upper boom body 100 is transferred to the adhesive damping layer 220 and the piezoelectric functional unit 210. The adhesive damping layer 220 is usually a viscoelastic polymer material, such as epoxy resin structural adhesive or acrylic adhesive. While transmitting shear force, its long-chain molecular structure undergoes significant internal friction and relaxation effects during dynamic deformation, thereby irreversibly converting some vibration energy into heat energy for dissipation. This forms a synergistic vibration reduction mechanism of "metal substrate-adhesive damping layer-piezoelectric constraint layer", which effectively increases the modal damping ratio of the structure, especially for high-frequency vibration and noise attenuation. In addition, the adhesive damping layer 220 ensures a long-term reliable bond between the piezoelectric functional unit 210 and the upper boom body 100, preventing detachment under vibration and impact.

[0024] Preferably, a high-voltage insulating protective layer 230 is encapsulated on the surface of the distributed functional layer. This high-voltage insulating protective layer 230 is made of a high-voltage resistant and weather-resistant polymer material. The pantograph operates in a contact network voltage environment of up to 25kV or higher, classifying it as high-voltage equipment. Without protection, the discretely distributed piezoelectric functional units 210 and their lead wires are highly susceptible to surface flashover or breakdown accidents in harsh weather conditions such as rain, snow, and fog, posing a serious threat to train operation safety. This high-voltage insulating protective layer 230 completely covers the piezoelectric functional units 210, the adhesive damping layer 220, and related electrical connection points. Its high-voltage resistance provides electrical isolation that meets creepage distance requirements. Simultaneously, its weather resistance allows it to resist environmental aging factors such as ultraviolet radiation, ozone, and high / low temperature cycling. Introducing this layer significantly improves the device's environmental adaptability and long-term operational safety. As a specific implementation, the high-voltage insulating protective layer 230 can be made of room-temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber or polyurethane potting compound. The thickness formed by brushing or potting processes needs to be designed according to the specific voltage level and creepage distance standards.

[0025] The energy management module 300 is equipped with an electromagnetic shielding housing and a filtering circuit. High-frequency electromagnetic noise is generated during pantograph operation. This interference noise can couple into the energy management circuit through conduction or radiation, potentially causing malfunctions or even damage to downstream circuits, and also severely interfering with the weak signals from the sensors. The electromagnetic shielding housing is made of a highly conductive metal and reliably connected to ground potential, effectively isolating external spatial radiation interference. The filtering circuit is used to filter out common-mode and differential-mode interference conducted from the conductors. By incorporating the electromagnetic shielding housing and filtering circuit, the energy management module 300 ensures a clean and stable DC power supply to the self-powered monitoring system 400, guaranteeing a high signal-to-noise ratio for the sensor data.

[0026] The self-powered monitoring system 400 further includes a sensing unit 410 and a wireless transmission module 420. The sensing unit 410 is electrically connected to the energy management module 300 and configured to sense the operating status information of the upper boom body 100. The wireless transmission module 420 is electrically connected to the energy management module 300 and configured to wirelessly transmit the data collected by the sensing unit 410 to an external receiving terminal 430. The energy management module 300 supplies stored energy to the sensing unit 410 and the wireless transmission module 420 on demand. The sensing unit 410 is responsible for collecting physical quantities characterizing the health status and service environment of the upper boom body 100. The collected data is then transmitted via the wireless transmission module 420 to an external receiving terminal 430 located outside the high-voltage side or on the ground. Since the entire system's power comes entirely from the recovery of vibration energy, there is no need to replace batteries or use external creepage power, thus truly establishing a closed-loop technology for passive, wireless, and maintenance-free condition monitoring on the high-voltage side.

[0027] This application also provides a design and manufacturing method for a topology-optimized, vibration-damping, self-powered pantograph device, used to manufacture the aforementioned pantograph device, comprising the following steps: S1. A standard aluminum alloy round tube upper boom of a certain type of high-speed pantograph is selected as the research object. In this implementation, the base is a 6061-T6 aluminum alloy round tube with an outer diameter of 40 mm, a wall thickness of 3 mm, and a length of 1200 mm.

[0028] A finite element model of the pantograph boom was established in finite element software. Boundary conditions were defined as: hinged constraint at the base end and dynamic load applied to the pantograph head end. To simulate the real operating environment, a random vibration power spectral density (PSD) load spectrum was input, representing the comprehensive vibration excitation of the train at high speed. Modal analysis showed that the first bending mode and the second torsional mode were the main points of vibration energy concentration.

[0029] S2. Establish a mathematical model for topology optimization: To determine the optimal distribution of piezoelectric material on the surface of a circular tube, a density-based topology optimization method—the Solid Isotropic Material Penalty Model (SIMP)—is introduced.

[0030] In this embodiment, the design domain This is defined as a thin layer (e.g., a shell element layer with a thickness of 0.3 mm) that is tightly attached to the outer surface of the upper boom's metal circular tube. Each finite element mesh element within the design domain is assigned a virtual design variable. This is called "pseudo-density," and its value range is... .in, This indicates that piezoelectric materials need to be placed at this location. This indicates that the location will be left as exposed metal.

[0031] The objective function for optimization is to maximize the ability of piezoelectric materials to capture and dissipate structural vibration energy. Based on the positive effect of the piezoelectric constitutive equation ( The electric displacement output is proportional to the stress / strain level. Therefore, to obtain maximum power generation and damping effect, the piezoelectric material must be placed in the region with the highest dynamic strain energy. Mathematically, this is equivalent to minimizing the structural flexibility under given material constraints. (i.e., maximizing stiffness).

[0032] The mathematical description of the optimization problem is as follows: Finding the design variable vector To minimize the objective function:

[0033] Simultaneously satisfying volume constraints:

[0034] in, The strain energy of a single element; The penalty factor (taken in this example) This is used to force intermediate density values ​​to polarize towards 0 or 1, making the result boundaries clearer; The maximum coverage ratio of piezoelectric material is set to 18% in this embodiment to reflect the principle of lightweight design.

[0035] S3. Perform optimization calculations and result analysis: After running the topology optimization solver and iterating until convergence, a pseudo-density distribution cloud map within the design domain is obtained.

[0036] Analysis results show that high-density areas ( It is not a uniform coverage, but rather exhibits highly discretized and functional characteristics: Bending-dominant region: Several discontinuous, elongated strip-shaped patches stretching axially are formed at the upper and lower surface edges at the mid-span of the boom. This corresponds to the region with the maximum tensile and compressive strain energy under the first bending mode of the structure.

[0037] Torsional Dominant Zone: Irregular island-shaped patches form on the sides near the joints at both ends of the boom. This is a region where shear strain energy is concentrated due to the eccentric loading moment of the boom head.

[0038] S4. Functional Material Selection and Discretization Design: Based on the topological configuration obtained from S3, a suitable piezoelectric material needs to be selected for physical realization. Since the upper boom body is a curved structure and operates in a severe vibration environment, traditional hard PZT ceramic sheets, due to their high modulus (approximately 60 GPa), will generate huge tensile prestress during bending and bonding, making them extremely brittle and prone to fracture.

[0039] Therefore, this embodiment preferably uses piezoelectric fiber composite material (MFC). MFC fiberizes brittle ceramic and embeds it into a flexible polymer matrix, effectively releasing bending prestress and exhibiting excellent surface adaptability and fatigue resistance. Furthermore, MFC utilizes interdigitated electrodes to achieve… Working mode (utilizing axial expansion and contraction of fibers), its equivalent piezoelectric constant ( (far exceeding the utilization) Ordinary PVDF film of the model ( This ensures higher electromechanical conversion efficiency and energy output density.

[0040] Selecting a pseudo-density threshold The optimization results are truncated, and the boundaries are smoothly fitted. Finally, the continuous topological region is discretized into an array of independent MFC patches with specific geometries, distributed in the aforementioned bending and torsion-dominant regions.

[0041] S5. Manufacturing Integration and System Validation: Physical integration was carried out based on the design results. First, the surface of the aluminum alloy cylindrical tube was cleaned and activated. A high-modulus, high-damping aerospace-grade epoxy structure was selected, and laser projection-assisted positioning was used to precisely adhere the MFC shaped patch to the corresponding position on the cylindrical tube surface. Curing was then performed under pressure and constant temperature conditions. A high-voltage insulating protective layer was applied to the surface of the piezoelectric functional unit (MFC patch) and the exterior of the connecting wires. This protective layer can be made of weather-resistant silicone rubber or polyurethane potting compound, and its thickness must meet the high-voltage creepage distance requirements to prevent surface flashover or breakdown in severe rain and snow weather, ensuring the safety of the high-voltage side equipment. It is worth noting that this adhesive layer not only serves a fixing function, but its viscoelasticity is also an important pathway for dissipating high-frequency vibration energy, forming a composite damping structure of "metal substrate - viscoelastic adhesive layer - piezoelectric constraint layer".

[0042] After integration, system verification was conducted: The upper boom with the integrated distributed functional layer was installed on the pantograph integrated test bench and connected to the energy management module. Shielded twisted-pair cable was used for the signal transmission line, and the energy management module housing was a metal shielded box reliably grounded to the pantograph body. An EMI filter circuit was added to the front end of the circuit board to suppress high-frequency electromagnetic noise generated by the pantograph-catenary arc, ensuring the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor data. The conductors were arranged along the boom axis against the wall and fixed to the leeward side of the pipe using special clips or adhesive grooves (or using the internal cavity of the boom for wiring) to avoid direct airflow from the windward side causing conductor fatigue and breakage. A vibrator was used to simulate broadband excitation at the pantograph-catenary contact surface. Verification results showed: 1. In terms of vibration reduction and noise reduction, compared with bare tubes, the root mean square value of vibration acceleration of the upper boom in the first bending and second torsional modes is significantly reduced, effectively suppressing the radiation of broadband aerodynamic noise; 2. In terms of self-powering, the AC power generated by the piezoelectric array under simulated operating conditions is rectified and regulated by the energy management module and stored in a miniature supercapacitor. Its continuous output average power can stably drive low-power wireless temperature / accelerometer nodes, enabling periodic external transmission of status data, thereby opening up a technical closed loop for passive monitoring on the high-voltage side.

[0043] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A topology-optimized, vibration-damping, self-powered pantograph device, characterized in that, include: Upper boom body; Distributed functional layers are discretely attached to the outer surface of the upper boom body; The energy management module is electrically connected to the distributed functional layer. The distributed functional layer consists of several discretely distributed piezoelectric functional units. The spatial layout and geometric configuration of the piezoelectric functional units on the surface of the upper boom body are determined based on a topology optimization algorithm. The layout and configuration are configured to be associated with the vibration strain energy density distribution of the upper boom body under preset working conditions, so that the piezoelectric functional units are concentrated in the high strain energy region. The self-powered monitoring system is integrated into the energy management module and is configured to receive energy allocated by the energy management module for status sensing and wireless data transmission.

2. The topology-optimized vibration-damping self-powered pantograph device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper boom body is a metal tubular structure, and under preset working conditions, the upper boom body is divided into a bending-dominant zone and a torsion-dominant zone.

3. The topology-optimized vibration-damping self-powered pantograph device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The layout and configuration of the piezoelectric functional units are specifically configured to correspond to the bending-dominant and torsional-dominant regions of the upper boom body under preset working conditions, so that the piezoelectric functional units are discretely distributed in the axial tensile strain energy concentration region and the shear strain energy concentration region.

4. The topology-optimized vibration-damping self-powered pantograph device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piezoelectric functional unit is made of flexible piezoelectric composite material and is tightly attached to the outer surface of the upper boom body.

5. The topology-optimized vibration-damping self-powered pantograph device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distributed functional layer also includes an adhesive damping layer, which is located between the piezoelectric functional unit and the outer surface of the upper boom body. The adhesive damping layer is used to provide adhesive force and increase structural damping loss.

6. The topology-optimized vibration-damping self-powered pantograph device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the distributed functional layer is encapsulated with a high-voltage insulation protective layer, which is made of a high-voltage resistant and weather-resistant polymer material.

7. The topology-optimized vibration-damping self-powered pantograph device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy management module is equipped with an electromagnetic shielding housing and a filtering circuit.

8. The topology-optimized vibration-damping self-powered pantograph device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-powered energy monitoring system includes: The sensing unit is electrically connected to the energy management module and is configured to sense the working status information of the upper boom body. The wireless transmission module is electrically connected to the energy management module and is configured to wirelessly transmit the data collected by the sensing unit to an external receiving terminal.

9. A design and manufacturing method for a topology-optimized, vibration-damping, self-powered pantograph device, characterized in that, The method for manufacturing the apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: Establish a finite element model of the main body of the pantograph boom; Dynamic simulation analysis was performed to obtain the surface strain energy distribution cloud map of the upper boom body under typical operating conditions. Using the piezoelectric material distribution density as the design variable and maximizing the weighted strain energy as the objective function, topology optimization calculations are performed to obtain the material distribution configuration of the piezoelectric material. Based on the topology optimization results, the material distribution configuration is discretized into several piezoelectric functional units with specific shapes; The piezoelectric functional unit is then bonded to the designated position on the surface of the actual upper boom body.

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