A plate turning machine for PCB production

Abstract

The application discloses a plate turnover machine for PCB production and belongs to the technical field of PCB production, which comprises a turnover frame connected with a turnover driving mechanism of the plate turnover machine, a pitch adjusting mechanism is installed on the turnover frame, conveying assemblies for conveying PCBs are installed on both sides of the turnover frame, and the conveying assemblies on both sides are connected with the pitch adjusting mechanism, so that the pitch adjusting mechanism synchronously adjusts the pitch of the conveying assemblies on both sides. Through the cooperation of the conveying mechanism and the clamping mechanism, the clamping cylinder is driven to drive the clamping piece, and the magnetic adsorption of the belt is combined to realize clamping. Compared with the existing rigid clamping structure, the flexible contact of the magnetic adsorption and the belt makes the clamping force distribution more uniform, avoids the centralized clamping force from causing the edge of the PCB to be pressed and the edge to be broken, and meanwhile, the clamping mode of the magnetic adsorption is suitable for PCBs with different thicknesses, and the clamping effect is more stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of PCB board manufacturing technology, specifically to a flipping machine for PCB board production. Background Technology

[0002] As the core carrier for electrical interconnection of electronic components, PCBs, including double-sided and multi-layer boards, need to complete front and back processing through multiple processes such as drilling, electroplating, etching, solder masking, and SMT assembly. Flipping is an essential action on the production line. Currently, most PCB flipping machines used in PCB production employ a single-sided clamping and single-axis flipping structure for 180° flipping. These machines include a frame, infeed conveyor belt, discharge conveyor belt, flipping frame, clamping mechanism, and flipping drive mechanism. The clamping mechanism is mounted on the flipping frame, applying clamping force from both sides of the PCB to fix it within the flipping frame. The PCB is then transported to the flipping frame via a conveyor belt for positioning. After the edges are clamped by cylinders, the flipping drive mechanism drives the flipping frame to rotate 180° to achieve flipping. The PCB is then released and output via the conveyor belt. This design is simple and low-cost.

[0003] However, existing clamping mechanisms mostly adopt cylinder-driven rigid clamping blocks or linkage-type rigid jaw structures. The jaws are made of hard materials, and the clamping surface has no elastic buffer or floating adaptive function. The clamping force is concentrated on the edge of the PCB board, and the thrust cannot be adaptively adjusted according to the board thickness and rigidity. Since the clamping process is a rigid hard contact, the clamping force is unevenly distributed and prone to overload. When clamping force is applied to the edge of the PCB board, it is very easy to cause edge crushing, chipping, and warping. For thin boards or PCBs with surface mount technology, rigid clamping can easily cause plastic deformation of the board surface. At the same time, the flipping impact can easily cause component displacement, poor soldering, or even detachment, which is difficult to meet the production requirements of high-precision, thin PCBs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a flipping machine for PCB board production. It uses a clamping cylinder to drive the clamping components and combines magnetic adsorption of a belt to achieve clamping. Compared with the existing rigid clamping structure, the magnetic adsorption combined with the flexible contact of the belt makes the clamping force distribution more uniform, avoiding the damage and chipping of the PCB board edges caused by concentrated clamping force. At the same time, the magnetic adsorption clamping method is suitable for PCB boards of different thicknesses, and the clamping effect is more stable, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a flipping machine for PCB board production, comprising a flipping frame for connection with a flipping drive mechanism of the flipping machine, a spacing adjustment mechanism installed on the flipping frame, and conveying components for conveying PCB boards installed on both sides of the flipping frame, wherein both conveying components are connected to the spacing adjustment mechanism so that the spacing adjustment mechanism synchronously adjusts the spacing between the conveying components on both sides. The conveying assembly includes conveying mechanisms located at both ends of the flipping frame. Each set of conveying mechanisms is equipped with a clamping mechanism for holding the PCB board. The conveying mechanism includes a fixed plate and two sets of belt conveyors mounted on the fixed plate. The PCB board passes through the gap between the two sets of belt conveyors. The clamping mechanism includes a clamping cylinder installed on one side of the conveying mechanism. The clamping end of the clamping cylinder is equipped with a clamping member for clamping the PCB board. When clamping, the clamping member magnetically attracts and clamps the PCB board through the belt on the belt conveyor.

[0006] Preferably, the belt conveyor includes a transmission belt and a pulley rotatably mounted on one side of a fixed plate, the transmission belt being sleeved on the pulley, and the clamping cylinder being fixed to the other side of the fixed plate by a mounting plate.

[0007] Preferably, the clamping member includes a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate located inside the transmission belts of the two sets of belt conveyors, respectively. Magnet blocks are embedded on the side of the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate opposite to the PCB board, and the magnetic poles of the magnet blocks on the first clamping plate and the magnetic poles of the magnet blocks on the second clamping plate are arranged opposite to each other.

[0008] Preferably, a first connecting rod is fixed to one side of the first clamping plate, one end of the first connecting rod is connected to one clamping end of the clamping cylinder, a second connecting rod is fixed to the other clamping end of the clamping cylinder, a support plate is fixed to one end of the second connecting rod, the second clamping plate is slidably connected to the support plate, and a moving groove is provided on the fixed plate for the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod to slide relative to each other.

[0009] Preferably, the second clamping plate has a plurality of T-shaped guide rods fixed on the side near the support plate, and the support plate has countersunk holes for the guide rods to slide.

[0010] Preferably, the spacing adjustment mechanism includes a bidirectional lead screw rotatably mounted on a flip frame, with movable blocks threaded to both ends of the bidirectional lead screw, connecting blocks for connecting to a fixed plate fixed on both sides of the movable blocks, a transmission drive structure for driving the bidirectional lead screw to rotate in the middle of the bidirectional lead screw, and an installation cavity for mounting the bidirectional lead screw on the flip frame, with sliding grooves for moving the connecting blocks on both sides of the installation cavity.

[0011] Preferably, the transmission drive structure includes a first bevel gear sleeved and fixed in the middle of the bidirectional lead screw and a second bevel gear rotatably mounted on one side of the mounting cavity, wherein the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear mesh, an adjustment plate is mounted on one side of the second bevel gear, a limit bolt is threadedly connected to the adjustment plate, and a plurality of positioning screw holes distributed in a circular array are provided on the surface of the flipping frame.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention utilizes the coordinated operation of a conveying mechanism and a clamping mechanism, employing a clamping cylinder to drive the clamping component and combining it with the magnetic adsorption of a belt to achieve clamping. Compared to existing rigid clamping structures, the combination of magnetic adsorption and the flexible contact of the belt results in a more uniform distribution of clamping force, avoiding damage and chipping of the PCB board edges caused by concentrated clamping force. Furthermore, the magnetic adsorption clamping method is adaptable to PCB boards of different thicknesses, resulting in a more stable clamping effect.

[0013] This invention, by setting a spacing adjustment mechanism and linking it with the conveying components on both sides, can synchronously adjust the spacing between the conveying components on both sides, which can adapt to the processing of PCB boards of different widths. It eliminates the need to configure separate flipping equipment for PCB boards of different sizes, reduces the investment cost of production equipment, and improves the adaptability of the production line.

[0014] The conveying assembly of this invention includes conveying mechanisms at both ends. PCB boards can pass through the gaps in the belt conveyor to achieve automated conveying. At the same time, the conveying mechanism integrates a clamping mechanism, eliminating the need for additional feeding, positioning, clamping and transfer steps, reducing the flow of PCB boards during the flipping process and improving the flipping processing efficiency.

[0015] This invention connects the flipping frame to the flipping drive mechanism of the flipping machine. After the conveying component completes the conveying and clamping of the PCB board, it can be flipped 180° synchronously with the flipping frame. After flipping, the clamping mechanism is released, and the conveying component can directly output the PCB board, realizing the integrated automated operation of conveying, clamping, flipping and output, reducing manual intervention and improving production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the conveying mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping component structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spacing adjustment mechanism of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Flipping frame; 2. Spacing adjustment mechanism; 21. Bidirectional lead screw; 22. Moving block; 23. Connecting block; 24. First bevel gear; 25. Second bevel gear; 26. Adjusting disc; 27. Limit bolt; 28. Positioning screw hole; 29. ​​Mounting cavity; 3. Conveying mechanism; 31. Fixed plate; 32. Pulley; 33. Transmission belt; 34. Moving groove; 4. Clamping mechanism; 41. Clamping component; 411. First connecting rod; 412. First clamping plate; 413. Second connecting rod; 414. Support plate; 415. Second clamping plate; 416. Guide rod; 417. Countersunk hole; 418. Magnet block; 42. Clamping cylinder; 43. Mounting plate; 5. Slide groove; 6. Rotating shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Please see Figure 1-5 The present invention provides a technical solution: a flipping machine for PCB board production, including a flipping frame 1 for connecting to the flipping drive mechanism of the flipping machine, with rotating shafts 6 fixed at both ends of the flipping frame 1 for connecting to an external flipping drive mechanism, and a spacing adjustment mechanism 2 installed on the flipping frame 1, which can synchronously adjust the spacing of the conveying components on both sides to match the width of the PCB board. Conveying components for conveying the PCB board are installed on both sides of the flipping frame 1, and both conveying components on both sides are connected to the spacing adjustment mechanism 2, so that the spacing adjustment mechanism 2 synchronously adjusts the spacing of the conveying components on both sides. The conveying assembly includes conveying mechanisms 3 located at both ends of the flipping frame 1. Each conveying mechanism 3 is equipped with a clamping mechanism 4 for clamping the PCB board. The conveying mechanism 3 includes a fixed plate 31 and two sets of belt conveyors mounted on the fixed plate 31. The PCB board passes through the gap between the two sets of belt conveyors. The magnetic adsorption function of the clamping component 41, combined with the belt, clamps and fixes the PCB board. After clamping, the flipping drive mechanism drives the flipping frame 1 to rotate 180° to flip the PCB board. After flipping, the clamping mechanism 4 is released, and the belt conveyor outputs the PCB board. This achieves automated conveying, precise clamping, and stable flipping of PCB boards of different widths, completing the flipping action of processing the front and back sides of the PCB board. The overall structure has strong linkage, improving the versatility and automation efficiency of the flipping operation. At the same time, the magnetic adsorption clamping initially reduces the risk of PCB board clamping damage. The clamping mechanism 4 includes a clamping cylinder 42 installed on one side of the conveying mechanism 3. The clamping end of the clamping cylinder 42 is equipped with a clamping member 41 for clamping the PCB board. When clamping, the clamping member 41 magnetically attracts and clamps the PCB board through the belt on the belt conveyor.

[0020] Specifically, the belt conveyor includes a transmission belt 33 and a pulley 32 rotatably mounted on one side of the fixed plate 31. The side of the transmission belt 33 that contacts the PCB board is made of rubber. The transmission belt 33 is sleeved on the pulley 32. The clamping cylinder 42 is fixed to the other side of the fixed plate 31 by a mounting plate 43. The mounting plate 43 is L-shaped and provides support for the clamping cylinder 42 to ensure the stability of the clamping cylinder 42 installation.

[0021] Furthermore, the clamping member 41 includes a first clamping plate 412 and a second clamping plate 415 located inside the transmission belts 33 of the two sets of belt conveyors, respectively. Magnet blocks 418 are embedded on the side of the first clamping plate 412 and the second clamping plate 415 opposite to the PCB board. The magnetic poles of the magnet blocks 418 on the first clamping plate 412 and the magnetic poles of the magnet blocks 418 on the second clamping plate 415 are arranged with opposite poles. Since the PCB board itself contains metal material inside its edge, the attraction force generated by the opposite-pole magnets can act on the PCB board through the transmission belts 33. The clamping force of the clamping cylinder 42, combined with the clamping thrust, clamps the PCB board between the two conveyor belts 33. The opposing magnets 418 form a uniform magnetic attraction field, which distributes the clamping force evenly on the contact surface of the PCB board, making the clamping force distribution more uniform and completely avoiding the concentrated stress of existing rigid clamping. This effectively prevents the PCB board from being crushed, chipped, or warped. The flexible contact of the magnetic attraction is suitable for thin boards and pre-attached PCB boards, avoiding plastic deformation of the board surface. At the same time, the opposing magnetic attraction improves the stability of the clamping and prevents the PCB board from shifting during the flipping process.

[0022] Furthermore, a first connecting rod 411 is fixed to one side of the first clamping plate 412. One end of the first connecting rod 411 is connected to one clamping end of the clamping cylinder 42. A second connecting rod 413 is fixed to the other clamping end of the clamping cylinder 42. A support plate 414 is fixed to one end of the second connecting rod 413. The second clamping plate 415 is slidably connected to the support plate 414. A moving groove 34 is provided on the fixing plate 31 for the first connecting rod 411 and the second connecting rod 413 to slide relative to each other. When the clamping cylinder 42 extends or retracts, it drives the first connecting rod 411 and the second connecting rod 413 to slide relative to each other in the moving groove 34 of the fixed plate 31, thereby driving the first clamping plate 412 and the second clamping plate 415 to move closer or further apart, thereby clamping and releasing the PCB board. The sliding design of the second clamping plate 415 can adapt to the thickness deviation of the PCB board, realizing adaptive adjustment of clamping. The moving groove 34 provides guidance for the movement of the connecting rod, ensuring the stability of the clamping action and avoiding the PCB board clamping tilt caused by the clamping plate offset.

[0023] Specifically, the second clamping plate 415 is fixed with a plurality of T-shaped guide rods 416 on the side near the support plate 414. The support plate 414 is provided with countersunk holes 417 for the guide rods 416 to slide. Through the cooperation of the guide rods 416 and the countersunk holes 417, the sliding direction of the second clamping plate 415 is restricted, preventing it from rotating or shifting during clamping, and ensuring the clamping accuracy of the clamping component 41. The limiting design of the T-shaped guide rods 416 improves the structural stability of the clamping mechanism 4, avoids the clamping plate from loosening or shifting after long-term use, and extends the service life of the equipment. The design of the countersunk holes 417 makes the guide rods 416 hidden inside the support plate 414, reducing the protruding part of the equipment structure and avoiding interference with the transport of the PCB board.

[0024] Furthermore, the spacing adjustment mechanism 2 includes a bidirectional lead screw 21 rotatably mounted on the flipping frame 1. Moving blocks 22 are threaded to both ends of the bidirectional lead screw 21. Connecting blocks 23 for connecting to the fixed plate 31 are fixed on both sides of the moving blocks 22. A transmission drive structure for driving the bidirectional lead screw 21 to rotate is provided in the middle of the bidirectional lead screw 21. The flipping frame 1 is provided with a mounting cavity 29 for mounting the bidirectional lead screw 21. Slide grooves 5 for moving the connecting blocks 23 are opened on both sides of the mounting cavity 29. Through the reverse thread design of the bidirectional lead screw 21, synchronous equidistant spacing adjustment of the conveying components on both sides is achieved, ensuring that the PCB board is always in the center position of the flipping machine, improving the stability of the flipping. The mounting cavity 29 and slide grooves 5 provide guidance and protection for the movement of the adjustment mechanism, preventing dust and debris from entering the mechanism during processing and causing jamming, thus improving the operational stability of the equipment. The transmission structure for spacing adjustment is mechanical transmission, with high adjustment accuracy and strong load-bearing capacity, adapting to the processing needs of large-size, thick PCB boards.

[0025] Furthermore, the transmission drive structure includes a first bevel gear 24 sleeved and fixed in the middle of the bidirectional lead screw 21 and a second bevel gear 25 rotatably mounted on one side of the mounting cavity 29, with the first bevel gear 24 and the second bevel gear 25 meshing. An adjusting plate 26 is mounted on one side of the second bevel gear 25, and a limit bolt 27 is threaded onto the adjusting plate 26. The surface of the flip frame 1 is provided with a plurality of positioning screw holes 28 arranged in a circular array. Rotating the adjusting plate 26 drives the second bevel gear 25 to rotate, and then drives the bidirectional lead screw 21 to rotate through the meshing transmission of the bevel gears, thereby realizing the spacing adjustment. After the adjustment is completed, the limit bolt 27 is screwed into the positioning screw hole 28 on the surface of the flip frame 1. Through the abutment action of the limit bolt 27 and the adjusting plate 26, the position of the adjusting plate 26 is fixed, thereby locking the bidirectional lead screw 21 and preventing it from rotating on its own during equipment operation. The bevel gear meshing enables 90° steering transmission of power, making the installation position of the adjustment disc 26 more reasonable and facilitating the operator to adjust the spacing from the outside of the equipment, thus improving operational convenience. Multiple positioning screw holes 28 arranged in a circular array can achieve multi-position locking after spacing adjustment, ensuring the fixing effect under different spacing specifications and preventing the spacing of the conveying components from shifting during flipping and conveying. The locking method of the limit bolt 27 is simple in structure, reliable in fixing, and easy to unlock and readjust quickly.

[0026] During operation, according to the width of the PCB board to be processed, loosen the limiting bolt 27 on the adjusting plate 26 so that the limiting bolt 27 disengages from the positioning screw hole 28; manually rotate the adjusting plate 26 to drive the second bevel gear 25 to rotate, and through the meshing transmission of the first bevel gear 24 and the second bevel gear 25, drive the bidirectional lead screw 21 to rotate; when the bidirectional lead screw 21 rotates, the moving blocks 22 at both ends of it move in opposite directions along the lead screw, and through the connecting block 23 drive the conveying components on both sides to move closer / away synchronously until the gap between the two conveying mechanisms 3 matches the width of the PCB board; after adjustment, screw the limiting bolt 27 into the corresponding positioning screw hole 28 to press against the adjusting plate 26 to lock the gap; Start the belt drive motor of the conveyor mechanism 3 (external motor, connected to the shaft of the belt pulley 32). The belt pulley 32 rotates and drives the transmission belt 33 to circulate. The PCB board is fed from the feed end of the conveyor component into the gap between the two belt conveyors. The friction of the transmission belt 33 drives the PCB board to move towards the middle of the flipping frame 1 until the PCB board is in the preset position for flipping processing. Then turn off the belt drive motor. When the clamping cylinder 42 is activated, the two clamping ends of the clamping cylinder 42 move closer to each other, causing the first connecting rod 411 and the second connecting rod 413 to slide towards each other along the moving groove 34, thereby pushing the first clamping plate 412 and the second clamping plate 415 closer to each other. When the clamping plate contacts the two sides of the PCB board, the opposite pole magnets 418 generate magnetic attraction, which attracts the PCB board through the conveyor belt 33, so that the PCB board is clamped between the two conveyor belts 33, and the clamping cylinder 42 maintains the clamping state. If there is a thickness deviation in the PCB board, the second clamping plate 415 can slide along the countersunk hole 417 of the support plate 414 through the guide rod 416 to achieve adaptive adjustment of the clamping. The external flipping drive mechanism is activated, which drives the flipping frame 1 to rotate 180° around the flipping axis. The flipping frame 1 drives the PCB board, which is clamped and fixed, to flip synchronously, thus completing the flipping action of the PCB board. During the flipping process, the dual action of magnetic attraction and cylinder clamping ensures that the PCB board does not shift or loosen. The flexible belt and rubber clamping plate prevent the PCB board from being damaged or the surface mount components from falling off due to the impact of flipping. After the flipping is completed, the flipping drive mechanism is turned off, and the clamping cylinder 42 is started. Its two clamping ends move away from each other, causing the first clamping plate 412 and the second clamping plate 415 to move in opposite directions. The magnetic attraction disappears, and the clamping of the PCB board is released. The pulley drive motor is started again, and the transmission belt 33 drives the flipped PCB board to move towards the discharge end of the conveying component, completing the PCB board flipping operation and conveying the PCB board to the next processing step.

[0027] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A flipping machine for PCB board production, characterized in that: The system includes a flipping frame (1) for connection with the flipping drive mechanism of the flipping machine, a spacing adjustment mechanism (2) is installed on the flipping frame (1), and conveying components for conveying PCB boards are installed on both sides of the flipping frame (1). Both conveying components are connected to the spacing adjustment mechanism (2) so that the spacing adjustment mechanism (2) can synchronously adjust the spacing between the conveying components on both sides. The conveying assembly includes conveying mechanisms (3) located at both ends of the flipping frame (1). Each set of conveying mechanisms (3) is equipped with a clamping mechanism (4) for clamping the PCB board. The conveying mechanism (3) includes a fixed plate (31) and two sets of belt conveyors installed on the fixed plate (31). The PCB board passes through the gap between the two sets of belt conveyors. The clamping mechanism (4) includes a clamping cylinder (42) installed on one side of the conveying mechanism (3). The clamping end of the clamping cylinder (42) is equipped with a clamping member (41) for clamping the PCB board. When clamping, the clamping member (41) magnetically attracts and clamps the PCB board through the belt on the belt conveyor.

2. A flipping machine for PCB board production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The belt conveyor includes a transmission belt (33) and a pulley (32) rotatably mounted on one side of a fixed plate (31). The transmission belt (33) is sleeved on the pulley (32), and the clamping cylinder (42) is fixed on the other side of the fixed plate (31) by the mounting plate (43).

3. A flipping machine for PCB board production according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping member (41) includes a first clamping plate (412) and a second clamping plate (415) located inside the transmission belts (33) of the two sets of belt conveyors respectively. The first clamping plate (412) and the second clamping plate (415) are fitted with magnet blocks (418) on the side opposite to the PCB board, and the magnetic poles of the magnet blocks (418) on the first clamping plate (412) and the magnetic poles of the magnet blocks (418) on the second clamping plate (415) are arranged opposite to each other.

4. A flipping machine for PCB board production according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first connecting rod (411) is fixed on one side of the first clamping plate (412). One end of the first connecting rod (411) is connected to one of the clamping ends of the clamping cylinder (42). A second connecting rod (413) is fixed on the other clamping end of the clamping cylinder (42). A support plate (414) is fixed on one end of the second connecting rod (413). The second clamping plate (415) is slidably connected to the support plate (414). A moving groove (34) is provided on the fixed plate (31) for the first connecting rod (411) and the second connecting rod (413) to slide relative to each other.

5. A flipping machine for PCB board production according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second clamping plate (415) has a plurality of T-shaped guide rods (416) fixed on the side near the support plate (414), and the support plate (414) has countersunk holes (417) for the guide rods (416) to slide.

6. A flipping machine for PCB board production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing adjustment mechanism (2) includes a bidirectional lead screw (21) rotatably mounted on the flip frame (1). The two ends of the bidirectional lead screw (21) are threaded with moving blocks (22). The two sides of the moving blocks (22) are fixed with connecting blocks (23) for connecting with the fixed plate (31). The middle part of the bidirectional lead screw (21) is provided with a transmission drive structure for driving the bidirectional lead screw (21) to rotate. The flip frame (1) is provided with a mounting cavity (29) for mounting the bidirectional lead screw (21). The two sides of the mounting cavity (29) are provided with sliding grooves (5) for the connecting blocks (23) to move.

7. A flipping machine for PCB board production according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transmission drive structure includes a first bevel gear (24) sleeved and fixed in the middle of the bidirectional lead screw (21) and a second bevel gear (25) rotatably installed on one side of the mounting cavity (29), and the first bevel gear (24) and the second bevel gear (25) mesh. An adjustment plate (26) is installed on one side of the second bevel gear (25), and a limit bolt (27) is threaded on the adjustment plate (26). The surface of the flip frame (1) is provided with a plurality of positioning screw holes (28) arranged in a circular array.

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