Assembly type cable hoisting integral system in adverse geological high and steep slope and implementation method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of slope engineering construction technology, specifically disclosing a prefabricated cable hoisting system and implementation method for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions. It aims to solve the problems of high safety risks and low efficiency in existing material transfer schemes for steep slopes, and the inability of conventional cable hoists to adapt to near-vertical slopes of 100 meters or more with adverse geological conditions and the lack of access roads at the slope top. This invention employs multiple independently operating cable hoisting units arranged longitudinally along the slope to be treated. Each unit is equipped with an anchoring system, a prefabricated tower assembly, a load-bearing main cable system, a traction cable system, a lifting operation system, and a winch drive system. It also includes a complete implementation method covering all procedures from anchoring construction, prefabricated tower assembly, cable installation, graded trial hoisting, hoisting operations, and system dismantling. This invention is suitable for construction needs of steep slopes of 80-120 meters, significantly improving construction safety and operational efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope engineering construction technology, specifically to a prefabricated cable hoisting system and implementation method for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions. It is applicable to the material transfer operations in the protection of near-vertical rock slopes with adverse geological conditions of 80-120m and in the treatment of geological disasters. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid advancement of transportation infrastructure construction and geological disaster prevention projects in mountainous areas of my country, numerous railway lines traverse high mountain and canyon regions, inevitably encountering a large number of steep rock slopes with heights exceeding 80 meters and some areas nearly vertical. These slopes generally present core challenges such as poor slope stability, high risk of rockfalls, lack of pre-fabricated access roads at the slope top, and inability to access large lifting equipment. The vertical and horizontal transport of materials required for slope protection projects, such as semi-finished steel reinforcement, anchor cables, scaffolding, and small machinery, has become a major bottleneck restricting the safety, efficiency, and cost of such construction. Currently, the transport of materials for steep slope construction is mainly divided into two categories: traditional simple transport schemes and conventional cable hoisting schemes, both of which have significant technical defects and application limitations. (1) Traditional simple transfer schemes have high safety risks and low work efficiency: Specifically, the commonly used methods such as manual carrying, simple chutes, and vertical lifting by small winches are all unsuitable for the construction needs of steep slopes of 100 meters. Among them, manual carrying is extremely labor-intensive, with a daily transfer volume of less than 2 tons on a 100-meter slope, and the risk of personnel falling from heights and being hit by falling rocks is extremely high, which does not meet the mandatory requirements for safe production; simple chutes can only transfer bulk materials and cannot transfer long components such as steel bars and anchor cables, and are prone to causing material rolling accidents that injure people; small winches can only achieve single-point vertical lifting and cannot cover a large longitudinal working area of ​​the slope. During the lifting process, materials are prone to swinging and hitting the slope surface, which can easily induce slope collapse and component falling accidents, and the safety redundancy is extremely low.

[0003] (2) Conventional cable hoisting schemes are not adaptable enough to meet the construction scenarios of high and steep slopes: Specifically, existing cable hoisting systems are mainly designed for large-span horizontal / small-angle hoisting scenarios in bridge engineering and water conservancy and hydropower engineering. There is a serious gap in specialized technology for high and steep slopes with adverse geological conditions. The core defects are as follows: Poor architectural adaptability: Traditional cable cranes are designed with horizontal large-span hoisting as their core design logic, which cannot adapt to slopes with vertical height differences of hundreds of meters and steep inclination angles of more than 40°. Hoisting operations cannot accurately cover the entire slope working surface and cannot coordinate with the construction procedures of slope zoning treatment, which can easily lead to safety accidents caused by cross-operation of upper and lower working surfaces. The anchoring system has significant limitations: traditional gravity anchors require large-area excavation of foundation pits, which cannot be adapted to narrow construction sites at the toe of slopes, and they do not work in conjunction with the existing slope support structure. Under high and steep inclination angles, the anchoring force is insufficient, and the anchor slippage and overturning are prone to occur. Traditional rock anchors only undertake the single anchoring function of the main cable and do not form a cooperative force-bearing system with the tower, resulting in a high risk of tower overturning. At the same time, they do not have a special drilling process designed for adverse geological rock strata, which can easily lead to hole collapse and hole displacement problems, and the reliability of anchoring cannot be guaranteed. The tower structure cannot adapt to special working conditions: Traditional cable crane towers are mostly large fixed steel structures that require large hoisting equipment for installation. They are completely unsuitable for mountainous working conditions with no access roads on the top of the slope and limited working space. The installation and dismantling cycle is long and the cost is high. The components cannot be reused, resulting in extremely poor economic efficiency. Lack of safety management in construction methods: Existing cable-stayed crane construction methods do not consider the risk of geological instability on adverse geological slopes, and do not deeply integrate slope monitoring and early warning, drainage and protection with cable construction. This can easily induce slope landslides and collapses during construction. There is no dedicated cable installation and trial lifting monitoring process for steep and large elevation differences. Cable traction is difficult, sag control accuracy is low, and the stress state of the system cannot be fully controlled during the trial lifting process, resulting in significant safety risks. Insufficient emergency support capabilities: Traditional cable hoisting systems are not designed in conjunction with emergency escape and material transfer facilities for slope operations, and cannot provide emergency support for slope workers, thus failing to meet the safety regulations for high and steep slope operations.

[0004] In summary, the existing technology lacks a cable hoisting system and supporting implementation methods that are specifically designed for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions, are safe, reliable, efficient, economical, and can be assembled for construction. This cannot meet the current construction needs of steep slope treatment projects in mountainous areas and has become a major technical bottleneck restricting the development of the slope engineering industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, to address the aforementioned shortcomings, this invention provides a prefabricated cable hoisting system and implementation method for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions. It significantly improves construction safety by employing multiple independently operating cable hoisting units spaced longitudinally along the slope to be treated. Each unit is equipped with an anchoring system, a prefabricated tower assembly, a load-bearing main cable system, a traction cable system, a lifting operation system, and a winch drive system. Simultaneously, it includes a comprehensive implementation method covering all procedures from anchoring construction, prefabricated tower assembly, cable installation, tiered trial hoisting, hoisting operations, and system dismantling. This invention is adaptable to the construction needs of steep slopes ranging from 80 to 120 meters, significantly improving construction safety and operational efficiency.

[0006] This invention is achieved by constructing a prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions, characterized by: It includes at least two sets of cable hoisting units that are longitudinally spaced along the slope to be treated. Each set of cable hoisting units corresponds to a section of the slope to be treated, and each set of cable hoisting units operates independently. Each of the cable hoisting units includes an anchoring system, a prefabricated tower assembly, a load-bearing main cable system, a traction cable system, a hoisting operation system, and a winch drive system. The anchoring system includes a rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope and a gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope. The rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope is located at the stable bedrock and includes a steel anchor box and a prestressed anchor cable assembly. The prestressed anchor cable assembly is obliquely anchored into the bedrock, and the steel anchor box is rigidly connected to the tensioning end of the prestressed anchor cable assembly. The gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope includes a C40 concrete anchor block, a pre-embedded steel frame, and rebar connectors. One end of the rebar connector is anchored in the existing anti-slide pile on the slope, and the other end is rigidly connected to the pre-embedded steel frame. The C40 concrete anchor block wraps the pre-embedded steel frame and is cast into one piece with the existing anti-slide pile. The prefabricated tower assembly is vertically installed on stable bedrock in front of the slope-top rock anchoring mechanism. It is a prefabricated steel pipe truss structure, including steel pipe columns, horizontal connecting steel pipes, column base anchoring plates, and back-bar connectors. The column base anchoring plates are locked to the slope-top bedrock by anchor bolt assemblies. The steel pipe columns are welded to the column base anchoring plates. The horizontal connecting steel pipes are welded between adjacent steel pipe columns. One end of the back-bar connector is rigidly connected to the top of the tower, and the other end is rigidly connected to the steel anchor box of the slope-top rock anchoring mechanism. The top of the tower is equipped with a main cable limiting pulley assembly and a traction cable steering pulley assembly. The load-bearing main cable system includes a single load-bearing main cable. One end of the load-bearing main cable is anchored to the steel anchor box of the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope, and the other end passes through the main cable limiting pulley block at the top of the tower, extends obliquely along the slope surface and is anchored to the pre-embedded steel frame of the gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope, forming a single-span load-bearing structure that adapts to the slope height difference. The traction cable system includes a single traction cable. One end of the traction cable is connected to the winch drum of the winch drive system, and the other end passes through the traction cable steering pulley block at the top of the tower and the trolley traction end of the lifting operation system in sequence before returning to the winch, forming a closed-loop traction circuit. The lifting operation system includes a trolley and an electric lifting hoist. The trolley is slidably mounted on the main load-bearing cable, and the electric lifting hoist is fixed to the bottom of the trolley for vertical lifting operations of materials to be transferred. The winch drive system includes a variable frequency winch, which is fixed on a stable foundation next to the slope toe gravity anchor mechanism and is used to provide traction power for the traction cable system.

[0007] The prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep, unfavorable geological slopes according to the present invention is characterized in that the slope to be treated is a rocky slope with a height of 80-120m, and some areas are near-vertical steep cliff structures; the cable hoisting units are arranged longitudinally along the slope line at 50m intervals, with a total of 4 groups, each group of cable hoisting units having a single span of 90-140m, a vertical height difference of 80-120m, an angle between the cableway and the horizontal plane of 40°-47°, and a rated net lifting capacity of 1.2t for each group of cable hoisting units.

[0008] The prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions according to the present invention is characterized in that the prestressed anchor cable group of the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope comprises 5 bundles of 15.2mm low-relaxation prestressed steel strands, with a total anchor cable length of 22m, including a free section length of 12m and an anchoring section length of 10m. The angle between the anchor cable and the horizontal ground is 10°, and the design prestress is 700KN. The steel anchor box is made of double-section H-beams welded together, and the steel plate connections of the steel anchor box all adopt double-sided bevel welds with a weld thickness of not less than 10mm.

[0009] The prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions according to the present invention is characterized in that: the C40 concrete anchor block of the slope toe gravity anchor mechanism has dimensions of 2m long × 2m wide × 1m high; the rebar connector includes 12 HRB400 grade Φ25 threaded steel bars, the rebar depth is not less than 1m, and the rebar is installed using grade A modified epoxy structural adhesive; the pre-embedded steel frame is a double-splittered 18a channel steel, and the pre-embedded steel frame is welded with main cable anchoring lugs and steering pulley seats.

[0010] The prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions according to the present invention is characterized in that the total height of the prefabricated tower device is 5m, the steel pipe column is made of Φ140×8mm seamless steel pipe, the transverse horizontal connecting steel pipe is made of Φ89×6mm seamless steel pipe; the column base anchoring steel plate is a 20mm thick steel plate, which is locked to the bedrock at the top of the slope by four HRB400 grade Φ25 anchor rods; the back pole connector is made of double-jointed 16a channel steel, the main cable limiting pulley group at the top of the tower is made of Φ360 pulley, and the traction cable steering pulley group is made of Φ250 pulley.

[0011] The prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions according to the present invention is characterized in that: the main load-bearing cable is a 6×36WS-IWRC type Φ36 steel wire rope with a nominal tensile strength of 1870Mpa, a design working sag of 1 / 27 of the span, an initial installation sag of 2.18m, and an initial installation stress of 14.2t; the traction cable is a 6×36WS-IWR type Φ16 steel wire rope with a nominal tensile strength of 1870Mpa; and the frequency conversion winch is a 10t frequency conversion high-speed winch.

[0012] The prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions according to the present invention is characterized in that the trolley is assembled from a connecting plate, a traveling pulley, a pin shaft, and bolts. The traveling pulley is in rolling cooperation with the main load-bearing cable, and the traction cable is rigidly fixed to the connecting plate of the trolley. The trolley is driven to reciprocate along the main load-bearing cable by the forward and reverse traction of the traction cable.

[0013] The prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions according to the present invention is characterized in that steel transfer platforms are set on the slope surface at vertical intervals of 20-30m. The steel transfer platforms correspond to the working area of ​​the cable hoisting unit and serve as temporary material transfer platforms and personnel escape routes.

[0014] A method for implementing a prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions, characterized by being based on any of the prefabricated cable hoisting systems described above, comprising the following steps: S1 Construction Preparation and Surveying and Setting Out: Conduct construction surveys, review drawings, provide technical briefings and pre-job training for personnel; inspect and test incoming materials and equipment; conduct surveying and setting out of control points for anchoring systems and tower devices according to design drawings; and verify the geological conditions at the points. S2 Anchoring System Construction: The construction of the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope and the gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope will be carried out simultaneously. The construction of the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope will proceed in the following order: excavation of the bedrock surface and pouring of the leveling layer, installation of the steel anchor box, drilling of the anchor holes, fabrication and installation of the anchor cables, grouting, and tensioning and locking of the anchor cables. The construction of the gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope will proceed in the following order: rebar installation of the existing anti-slide piles, roughening of the top surface of the anti-slide piles, installation of the pre-embedded steel frame, formwork erection, and concrete pouring and curing. S3 Prefabricated Tower Installation Construction: Manually transport prefabricated tower components to the work point at the top of the slope, excavate the tower foundation and pour a concrete cushion layer, insert anchor bolts and install column bottom anchoring steel plates, assemble tower columns and horizontal horizontal bracing on site, use hoists and temporary masts to erect and straighten the tower, install back bracing connectors and lock them to the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope, and install pulley blocks at the top of the tower. S4 traction cable system installation: The pilot cable is erected by manually laying the cable, and the traction cable is laid out and the closed loop is connected by replacing the cable step by step. The traction cable is then connected and fixed to the winch drum. S5 load-bearing main cable system installation: Fix the main cable reel to the toe of the slope, and pull the main cable from the toe of the slope to the tower position at the top of the slope through the circulation system of the traction cable. Anchor one end of the main cable to the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope, and after adjusting the sag of the other end, anchor it to the gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope. Verify and calibrate the sag of the main cable using a total station. S6 Lifting System Installation: The prefabricated and assembled trolley is hoisted onto the main load-bearing cable, the traction cable is fixedly connected to the trolley, an electric lifting hoist is installed at the bottom of the trolley, and the trolley is pulled to the tower at the top of the slope for temporary fixation; S7 System Trial Operation and Staged Trial Lifting: After the installation of the entire system is completed, the traction system, lifting system, electrical control system, and limit system are debugged. After the debugging is qualified, trial lifting tests are carried out step by step at 50%, 75%, 100%, and 120% of the rated load. During the trial lifting, the tower displacement, main cable sag, anchoring system stability, and buckle slippage are monitored simultaneously. After the trial lifting is qualified, it is put into formal use. S8 Slope Treatment Material Hoisting Operation: Using a cable hoisting system, semi-finished steel bars, anchor cables, scaffolding pipes, and other materials are vertically hoisted from the toe of the slope to the slope working platform. This is done in conjunction with the zonal treatment construction of the slope, and simultaneous work on the upper and lower working faces is strictly prohibited. S9 System Dismantling: After the slope treatment construction is completed, the lifting system, main load-bearing cable system, traction cable system, winch drive system, prefabricated tower device, and anchoring system will be dismantled in sequence.

[0015] According to the implementation method of the present invention, the characteristic is that, In step S1, the monitoring and early warning of adverse geological conditions on the slope are carried out simultaneously. Before the start of work each day, a special person will inspect the slope to verify the slope displacement monitoring data and dynamically adjust the construction sequence. Before the slope operation, two 4m long Φ28 round steel bars are anchored into the rock at the top of the slope and laid out at 5m intervals along the slope to hang and fix the safety rope. A safety officer is set up to supervise the entire process of manual operation on the slope. In step S1, before the slope protection construction work, a water interception ditch is constructed 5m outside the slope top and slope mouth, and a temporary drainage ditch and transverse drainage facilities are excavated at the slope toe to prevent the slope from being soaked by water and causing instability. In step S2, the anchor hole drilling of the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope adopts the eccentric root pipe drilling process, with medium wind pressure of 0.5~0.8MPa and drilling speed of 3~5m / h. The final hole depth exceeds the design depth by 40cm. After drilling is completed, the hole is thoroughly cleaned with high-pressure air. Before the anchor cable is installed, the hole is blown with high-pressure air again. Grouting adopts the bottom grouting method, with grouting pressure of 0.6~0.8MPa and pure cement grout with a water-cement ratio of 0.45~0.5. The anchor cable is tensioned after the grout body reaches 100% of the design strength. In step S4, the pilot cable uses Φ8mm nylon rope, and the cable replacement sequence is as follows: Φ8mm nylon rope → Φ16mm nylon rope → Φ8mm steel rope → Φ12mm steel rope → Φ16mm traction cable; during the cable replacement process, the traction cable closed loop circuit is completed by the toe winch. In step S7, during the graded trial lifting, the load must be towed back and forth once for each of the 50%, 75%, and 100% rated load trial lifting. For the 120% rated load trial lifting, the load is lifted to 30cm off the ground and held for 10 minutes. During the trial lifting, a total station is used to monitor the sag of the main cable and the displacement of the top of the tower. The slippage of the wire rope clips is monitored by the paint marking method. If any abnormality is found, the operation is stopped immediately and can only continue after the fault is eliminated.

[0016] This invention has the following advantages: Addressing the core problem of construction on steep slopes in adverse geological conditions, this invention overcomes the application limitations of traditional cable hoisting technology, providing a specialized prefabricated cable hoisting system and implementation method. Compared with existing technologies, it has the following significant advantages: First, it can improve construction safety performance in many ways and achieve full-process risk control: (1) It adopts a system architecture of zoned layout and independent unit operation, which perfectly matches the construction rhythm of slope zoned treatment, strictly meets the mandatory safety requirement of "strictly prohibiting simultaneous operation on the upper and lower working faces" for steep slopes, and eliminates the accident of falling rocks and falling from height caused by cross-operation; (2) The anchoring system adopts a dual composite innovative design, with the slope toe gravity anchor and the existing anti-slide pile rigidly connected to form an integral whole, and the anchoring force is more than 3 times higher than that of the traditional independent gravity anchor. It can achieve stable anchoring under high steep inclination angles without excavating large foundation pits, avoiding the risk of anchor slippage and overturning; the slope top rock anchor and the prefabricated tower The back pole forms a triangular stable force system, which simultaneously undertakes the dual functions of main cable anchoring and tower limiting, reducing the tower overturning moment. The overall stress stability of the system is much higher than that of traditional cable cranes; (3) The construction method incorporates the entire process of slope geological safety management. Before construction, the top intercepting ditch and the temporary drainage system at the toe of the slope are completed to avoid the slope from being soaked and becoming unstable; the whole process adopts uninterrupted slope early warning by human defense + instrument monitoring. Before the start of construction each day, the slope inspection and displacement data verification are completed to effectively avoid the risk of collapse and landslide of adverse geological slopes; (4) A four-level progressive loading test hoisting + multi-dimensional synchronous monitoring system is constructed, according to 50%→75%→100%→120%. Rated load graded test lifting, synchronous monitoring of main cable sag, tower top displacement, wire rope buckle slippage, and equipment operation status, to ensure that the system stress is always within a controllable range, eliminating the risk of structural failure during the lifting process; (5) A complete slope operation safety protection system is provided, with safety ropes fixed by suspending the round steel entering the rock at the top of the slope, and safety officers are stationed on the slope throughout the manual operation, providing reliable safety protection for high-altitude workers.

[0017] Second, it can improve construction efficiency and shorten the project period: (1) The whole system adopts prefabricated standardized design. The core components such as tower, trolley, and steel anchor box are all prefabricated in the factory and assembled on site. No large hoisting equipment is required. The transfer and assembly in the narrow space on the top of the slope can be completed by manpower. The installation and dismantling efficiency is more than 60% higher than that of the traditional fixed tower, thus shortening the construction preparation cycle; (2) The cable hoisting unit operates independently, which can realize the synchronous construction of multiple sections in the longitudinal direction of the slope. The material transfer efficiency is more than 80% higher than that of the traditional manual carrying. It can be adapted to slope netting and shotcreting, anchor cable construction, clearing and hazard removal, etc. The material requirements of multiple processes can shorten the overall construction period of the treatment of steep slopes of 100 meters by 40%; (3) The installation process of the cable body with high and steep elevation difference is proposed. The cable body of 100 meters elevation difference can be completed without large equipment by using the method of "manual pilot cable + step-by-step cable replacement"; The main cable installation adopts the process of "circular cable traction + total station precise control of sag", and the sag adjustment error is controlled within 10cm, which shortens the cable body installation and debugging cycle; (4) The system can flexibly adjust the working range according to the slope treatment process, without repeatedly disassembling and assembling equipment, avoiding the construction period loss caused by frequent relocation of traditional transportation methods, and can achieve seamless connection with slope treatment construction.

[0018] Third, the project cost is reduced: (1) The prefabricated core components can be reused repeatedly without repeated processing and manufacturing for different slopes. Compared with the traditional fixed cable crane, the material cost can be reduced by more than 50%, which greatly reduces the investment in project turnover; (2) No large lifting equipment is required to enter the site, avoiding the high costs of mountain access road construction, large equipment rental and transportation. It is especially suitable for deep mountain canyon conditions where there is no access road at the top of the slope, which can reduce the investment in temporary construction projects by more than 80%; (3) The slope foot gravity anchor makes full use of the existing anti-slide piles on the slope as the anchor foundation. There is no need to excavate large foundation pits, which reduces the amount of concrete pouring and earthwork excavation. This not only reduces the direct project cost, but also minimizes the disturbance to the original geology of the slope, avoids geological disasters induced by construction, and has significant green and environmental protection benefits; (4) The entire process of system construction is free of high noise and high pollution operations, which has minimal impact on the ecological environment of the surrounding mountainous areas and meets the environmental protection requirements for construction projects in ecologically sensitive areas.

[0019] Fourth, enhance engineering adaptability and have a wide range of application scenarios: (1) The system can flexibly adjust parameters according to slope height, slope, geological conditions and work range. A single hoisting unit can adapt to near-vertical slopes with a vertical height difference of 80~120m and a steep inclination angle of 40°~47°. Multiple units can cover slope treatment sections of any length, making it adaptable to the construction needs of various adverse geological high and steep slopes; (2) The system has a rated net lifting weight of 1.2t, which can fully cover the transportation needs of all types of materials for slope protection projects, such as steel bar semi-finished products, anchor cables, scaffolding pipes, and small tools, and solve the problem that traditional transportation methods cannot transport long-sized components; (3) It is not only suitable for conventional high and steep slope protection engineering construction, but can also quickly adapt to various scenarios such as mountain geological disaster emergency rescue, existing slope disease treatment, and water conservancy and hydropower bank slope protection. Especially in emergency rescue scenarios where large equipment cannot enter the site, it can quickly complete assembly and use, and has extremely strong promotion and application value.

[0020] Fifth, improve the emergency support system and enhance operational safety redundancy: The cable hoisting system and the slope steel transfer platform are designed in coordination. The transfer platform is set up 20-30m vertically along the slope, which can serve as a temporary material transfer point and also as an escape route for personnel. It forms an emergency linkage with the cable hoisting system, providing reliable emergency shelter and escape routes for slope workers, further enhancing the safety redundancy of high and steep slope operations, and fully complying with the requirements of the current slope engineering construction safety specifications. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is the overall plan layout of the cable hoisting system; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting equipment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tower structure; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of gravity anchor section; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the winch cross-section; Figure 6 Side view schematic diagram of rock anchorage structure; Figure 7 Front view schematic diagram of rock anchorage structure; Figure 8 Side view of the construction of the rock anchoring steel strand; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the connection between the main cable head and the circulation cable; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the connection between the main cable end and the tower; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the ends of a 16mm steel rope; Figure 12 This is the overall construction process flowchart. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following will be combined with the appendix Figures 1-12 This invention will be described in detail, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0023] Example 1: The present invention provides a prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions, as shown in the figure. It includes at least two sets of cable hoisting units arranged longitudinally along the slope to be treated. Each set of cable hoisting units corresponds to a section of the slope to be treated, and each set of cable hoisting units operates independently. Each of the cable hoisting units includes an anchoring system, a prefabricated tower assembly, a load-bearing main cable system, a traction cable system, a hoisting operation system, and a winch drive system. The anchoring system includes a rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope and a gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope. The rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope is located at the stable bedrock and includes a steel anchor box and a prestressed anchor cable assembly. The prestressed anchor cable assembly is obliquely anchored within the bedrock, and the steel anchor box is rigidly connected to the tensioning end of the prestressed anchor cable assembly. The gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope includes a C40 concrete anchor block, a pre-embedded steel frame, and a rebar connector. One end of the rebar connector is anchored within an existing anti-slide pile on the slope, and the other end is rigidly connected to the pre-embedded steel frame. The C40 concrete anchor block encloses the pre-embedded steel frame and is cast integrally with the existing anti-slide pile. The prefabricated tower assembly is vertically installed on stable bedrock in front of the slope-top rock anchoring mechanism. It is a prefabricated steel pipe truss structure, including steel pipe columns, horizontal connecting steel pipes, column base anchoring plates, and back-bar connectors. The column base anchoring plates are locked to the slope-top bedrock by anchor bolt assemblies. The steel pipe columns are welded to the column base anchoring plates. The horizontal connecting steel pipes are welded between adjacent steel pipe columns. One end of the back-bar connector is rigidly connected to the top of the tower, and the other end is rigidly connected to the steel anchor box of the slope-top rock anchoring mechanism. The top of the tower is equipped with a main cable limiting pulley assembly and a traction cable steering pulley assembly. The load-bearing main cable system includes a single load-bearing main cable. One end of the load-bearing main cable is anchored to the steel anchor box of the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope, and the other end passes through the main cable limiting pulley block at the top of the tower, extends obliquely along the slope surface and is anchored to the pre-embedded steel frame of the gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope, forming a single-span load-bearing structure that adapts to the slope height difference. The traction cable system includes a single traction cable. One end of the traction cable is connected to the winch drum of the winch drive system, and the other end passes through the traction cable steering pulley block at the top of the tower and the trolley traction end of the lifting operation system in sequence before returning to the winch, forming a closed-loop traction circuit. The lifting operation system includes a trolley and an electric lifting hoist. The trolley is slidably mounted on the main load-bearing cable, and the electric lifting hoist is fixed to the bottom of the trolley for vertical lifting operations of materials to be transferred. The winch drive system includes a variable frequency winch, which is fixed on a stable foundation next to the slope toe gravity anchor mechanism and is used to provide traction power for the traction cable system.

[0024] In the system described in this embodiment, the slope to be treated is a poor geological rock slope with a height of 80-120m, and some areas are near-vertical steep cliff structures; the cable hoisting units are arranged longitudinally along the slope line at 50m intervals, with a total of 4 groups. The single span of each group of cable hoisting units is 90-140m, the vertical height difference of the slope is 80-120m, the angle between the cableway and the horizontal plane is 40°-47°, and the rated net lifting weight of each group of cable hoisting units is 1.2t.

[0025] In the system described in this embodiment, the prestressed anchor cable group of the slope top rock anchor mechanism includes 5 bundles of 15.2mm low-relaxation prestressed steel strands, with a total anchor cable length of 22m, including a free section length of 12m and an anchoring section length of 10m. The angle between the anchor cable and the horizontal ground is 10°, and the design prestress is 700KN. The steel anchor box is made of double-section H-beams welded together, and the steel plate connections of the steel anchor box all adopt double-sided bevel welds with a weld thickness of not less than 10mm.

[0026] In the system described in this embodiment, the C40 concrete anchor block of the slope toe gravity anchor mechanism has dimensions of 2m long × 2m wide × 1m high; the rebar connector includes 12 HRB400 grade Φ25 threaded steel bars, with a rebar depth of not less than 1m, and the rebar is installed using grade A modified epoxy structural adhesive; the pre-embedded steel frame is a double-splittered 18a channel steel, and the pre-embedded steel frame is welded with main cable anchoring lugs and steering pulley seats.

[0027] In the system described in this embodiment, the total height of the prefabricated tower device is 5m. The steel pipe column is made of Φ140×8mm seamless steel pipe, and the horizontal horizontal connecting steel pipe is made of Φ89×6mm seamless steel pipe. The column base anchoring steel plate is a 20mm thick steel plate, which is locked to the bedrock at the top of the slope by four HRB400 grade Φ25 anchor rods. The back pole connector is made of double-jointed 16a channel steel. The main cable limiting pulley group at the top of the tower is made of Φ360 pulley, and the traction cable steering pulley group is made of Φ250 pulley.

[0028] In the system described in this embodiment, the load-bearing main cable is a 6×36WS-IWRC type Φ36 steel wire rope with a nominal tensile strength of 1870Mpa, a designed working sag of 1 / 27 of the span, an initial installation sag of 2.18m, and an initial installation stress of 14.2t; the traction cable is a 6×36WS-IWR type Φ16 steel wire rope with a nominal tensile strength of 1870Mpa; and the variable frequency winch is a 10t variable frequency high-speed winch.

[0029] In the system described in this embodiment, the trolley is assembled from a connecting plate, a traveling pulley, a pin, and bolts. The traveling pulley is in rolling cooperation with the main load-bearing cable, and the traction cable is rigidly fixed to the connecting plate of the trolley. The trolley is driven to reciprocate along the main load-bearing cable by the forward and reverse traction of the traction cable.

[0030] In the system described in this embodiment, steel transfer platforms are set up on the slope surface at vertical intervals of 20~30m. The steel transfer platforms correspond to the working area of ​​the cable hoisting unit and serve as temporary material transfer platforms and personnel escape routes.

[0031] Example 2: An implementation method for a prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions, based on the aforementioned prefabricated cable hoisting system, includes the following steps: S1 Construction Preparation and Surveying and Setting Out: Conduct construction surveys, review drawings, provide technical briefings and pre-job training for personnel; inspect and test incoming materials and equipment; conduct surveying and setting out of control points for anchoring systems and tower devices according to design drawings; and verify the geological conditions at the points. S2 Anchoring System Construction: The construction of the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope and the gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope will be carried out simultaneously. The construction of the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope will proceed in the following order: excavation of the bedrock surface and pouring of the leveling layer, installation of the steel anchor box, drilling of the anchor holes, fabrication and installation of the anchor cables, grouting, and tensioning and locking of the anchor cables. The construction of the gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope will proceed in the following order: rebar installation of the existing anti-slide piles, roughening of the top surface of the anti-slide piles, installation of the pre-embedded steel frame, formwork erection, and concrete pouring and curing. S3 Prefabricated Tower Installation Construction: Manually transport prefabricated tower components to the work point at the top of the slope, excavate the tower foundation and pour a concrete cushion layer, insert anchor bolts and install column bottom anchoring steel plates, assemble tower columns and horizontal horizontal bracing on site, use hoists and temporary masts to erect and straighten the tower, install back bracing connectors and lock them to the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope, and install pulley blocks at the top of the tower. S4 traction cable system installation: The pilot cable is erected by manually laying the cable, and the traction cable is laid out and the closed loop is connected by replacing the cable step by step. The traction cable is then connected and fixed to the winch drum. S5 load-bearing main cable system installation: Fix the main cable reel to the toe of the slope, and pull the main cable from the toe of the slope to the tower position at the top of the slope through the circulation system of the traction cable. Anchor one end of the main cable to the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope, and after adjusting the sag of the other end, anchor it to the gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope. Verify and calibrate the sag of the main cable using a total station. S6 Lifting System Installation: The prefabricated and assembled trolley is hoisted onto the main load-bearing cable, the traction cable is fixedly connected to the trolley, an electric lifting hoist is installed at the bottom of the trolley, and the trolley is pulled to the tower at the top of the slope for temporary fixation; S7 System Trial Operation and Staged Trial Lifting: After the installation of the entire system is completed, the traction system, lifting system, electrical control system, and limit system are debugged. After the debugging is qualified, trial lifting tests are carried out step by step at 50%, 75%, 100%, and 120% of the rated load. During the trial lifting, the tower displacement, main cable sag, anchoring system stability, and buckle slippage are monitored simultaneously. After the trial lifting is qualified, it is put into formal use. S8 Slope Treatment Material Hoisting Operation: Using a cable hoisting system, semi-finished steel bars, anchor cables, scaffolding pipes, and other materials are vertically hoisted from the toe of the slope to the slope working platform. This is done in conjunction with the zonal treatment construction of the slope, and simultaneous work on the upper and lower working faces is strictly prohibited. S9 System Dismantling: After the slope treatment construction is completed, the lifting system, main load-bearing cable system, traction cable system, winch drive system, prefabricated tower device, and anchoring system will be dismantled in sequence.

[0032] In the implementation of this embodiment, in step S1, the monitoring and early warning of adverse geological conditions on the slope are carried out simultaneously. Before the start of work each day, a special person will inspect the slope to verify the slope displacement monitoring data and dynamically adjust the construction sequence. Before the slope operation, two 4m long Φ28 round steel bars are anchored into the rock at the top of the slope and laid out at 5m intervals along the slope to suspend and fix the safety rope. A safety officer is stationed on-site throughout the manual operation on the slope. In step S1, before the slope protection construction work, a water interception ditch is constructed 5m outside the slope top and slope mouth, and a temporary drainage ditch and transverse drainage facilities are excavated at the slope toe to prevent the slope from being soaked by water and causing instability. In step S2, the anchor hole drilling of the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope adopts the eccentric root pipe drilling process, with medium wind pressure of 0.5~0.8MPa and drilling speed of 3~5m / h. The final hole depth exceeds the design depth by 40cm. After drilling is completed, the hole is thoroughly cleaned with high-pressure air. Before the anchor cable is installed, the hole is blown with high-pressure air again. Grouting adopts the bottom grouting method, with grouting pressure of 0.6~0.8MPa and pure cement grout with a water-cement ratio of 0.45~0.5. The anchor cable is tensioned after the grout body reaches 100% of the design strength. In step S4, the pilot cable uses Φ8mm nylon rope, and the cable replacement sequence is as follows: Φ8mm nylon rope → Φ16mm nylon rope → Φ8mm steel rope → Φ12mm steel rope → Φ16mm traction cable; during the cable replacement process, the traction cable closed loop circuit is completed by the toe winch. In step S7, during the graded trial lifting, the load must be towed back and forth once for each of the 50%, 75%, and 100% rated load trial lifting. For the 120% rated load trial lifting, the load is lifted to 30cm off the ground and held for 10 minutes. During the trial lifting, a total station is used to monitor the sag of the main cable and the displacement of the top of the tower. The slippage of the wire rope clips is monitored by the paint marking method. If any abnormality is found, the operation is stopped immediately and can only continue after the fault is eliminated.

[0033] This invention addresses the industry challenges of constructing steep slopes in adverse geological conditions, overcoming the limitations of traditional cable-stayed hoisting technology. Its innovation lies in the following aspects: (I) The core technical problem solved by this invention: In existing technologies, cable-stayed hoisting systems are mostly used in large-span horizontal hoisting applications such as bridges and water conservancy projects. There is a significant technological gap regarding their application on steep, near-vertical slopes with poor geological conditions, typically around 100 meters in length. Conventional lifting equipment cannot access steep slopes without access roads at the top, and traditional manual material handling is extremely inefficient and poses a high safety risk. Existing cable cranes cannot adapt to slopes with large elevation differences and steep inclines, and the anchoring system has insufficient anchoring force in narrow areas at the toe of the slope, making the tower prone to overturning and resulting in poor stability. Traditional fixed towers are difficult to assemble and disassemble, cannot adapt to the narrow working space at the top of the slope, and components cannot be reused, resulting in poor economic efficiency. Existing construction methods are not coordinated with the safety management and zoning requirements for treating adverse geological slopes, which can easily lead to risks of cross-operations and slope instability accidents.

[0034] (ii) Prominent substantive features 1. The system's overall architecture is groundbreaking: It proposes a specialized cable-stayed structure for steep slopes, featuring "zonal deployment and independent unit operation." Multiple hoisting units are deployed at 50m intervals along the slope's longitudinal direction, each corresponding to a specific treatment section. This perfectly adapts to the rhythm of slope zoning construction, solving the industry problem of insufficient coverage and incompatibility with slope treatment procedures inherent in traditional single-span cable-stayed systems. Simultaneously, each unit operates independently, meeting the mandatory safety requirement of "strictly prohibiting simultaneous operation on upper and lower working faces" for steep slopes, filling the technological gap in specialized prefabricated cable-stayed systems for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions. Breaking through the design limitations of traditional cable-stayed cranes with "small inclination angles and large horizontal spans," it pioneers a single-span load-bearing structure with large elevation differences and steep inclination angles, adapting to near-vertical slopes with vertical elevation differences of 80-120m and steep inclination angles of 40°-47°. This solves the core problem of vertical material transportation in scenarios where there is no access road at the slope top. The rated lifting capacity of 1.2t fully covers the material transfer needs of slope protection projects. Such adaptability is not easily conceived by those skilled in the art based on traditional bridge cable-stayed crane technology.

[0035] 2. Innovation in Anchoring Systems: The slope toe gravity anchor features an innovative composite anchoring structure combining a concrete anchor block and existing anti-slide piles with rigid reinforcement. Utilizing the anti-slide and anti-overturning capabilities of the existing anti-slide piles, it eliminates the need for large excavations, perfectly adapting to narrow slope toe sites. Simultaneously, it increases anchoring force by more than three times, solving the core problems of traditional independent gravity anchors being limited and having insufficient anchoring force on steep slopes, achieving synergistic force distribution with the existing slope support structure. The slope crest rock anchor innovatively constructs a triangular stable force-bearing system of prestressed anchor cables, steel anchor boxes, and tower back braces. The steel anchor box simultaneously undertakes the dual functions of main cable anchoring and tower restraint. The inclined anchor cables and tower back braces form a synergistic force distribution, significantly reducing the tower overturning moment and solving the problems of easy tower overturning and single force distribution in high-steep angle cable systems. The accompanying eccentric root pipe drilling technology perfectly adapts to drilling in adverse geological rock strata, avoiding hole collapse and cross-cutting, ensuring the reliability of the rock anchor anchoring.

[0036] 3. Design of Prefabricated Tower Equipment: We developed a fully prefabricated lightweight steel pipe tower, using standardized prefabricated components. On-site transportation and assembly can be completed manually only, without the need for large hoisting equipment. It is perfectly suited to special working conditions such as slope tops without access roads and narrow working spaces. Through double anchoring of "column base anchor rods + rock anchor back rods", the hoisting clearance requirement can be met at a height of 5m. The structure has high rigidity and strong stability, overcoming the difficulties of traditional fixed towers in terms of difficult disassembly and assembly, long construction period, and non-reusability. The installation and disassembly efficiency is improved by more than 60%, and the components can be reused.

[0037] 4. Innovative Implementation Methods: A pioneering management approach deeply integrates slope geological safety with cable-stayed construction. Slope monitoring and early warning, as well as drainage engineering, are implemented before cable-stayed construction. Daily slope inspections and displacement monitoring are conducted, and construction procedures are dynamically adjusted. This addresses the risks of collapse and landslides on slopes with unfavorable geological conditions at the source, resolving the shortcomings of traditional cable-stayed construction methods that neglect slope geological risks and lack adequate safety management. An innovative installation process for cables on steep slopes with significant elevation differences is proposed, employing a "manual pilot cable + step-by-step cable replacement" traction cable installation method. This allows for the installation of cables with elevation differences of up to 100 meters without the need for large equipment. The main cable installation utilizes a "circulating cable traction + total station precision sag control" process, controlling the sag adjustment error to within 10cm, solving the technical challenges of difficult cable traction and uneven stress on steep slopes. The rated load is tested in stages from 50% to 75% to 100% to 120%, and the tower displacement, main cable sag, buckle slippage, and equipment operating status are monitored simultaneously. This enables comprehensive control of the stress state of the high-angle cable system and solves the problems of high risk and inaccurate stress state monitoring in traditional test lifting processes.

[0038] (iii) This application represents a significant advancement: 1. Enhanced safety features: The system is deeply integrated with the safety standards for the treatment of steep slopes, avoiding core risks such as cross-operations, slope instability, and high-altitude operations. The multi-dimensional monitoring system enables full-process safety control, and the safety redundancy is far higher than that of traditional construction schemes.

[0039] 2. Significantly improved construction efficiency: Prefabricated structures greatly shorten the installation and dismantling cycle, and multi-unit independent operation enables simultaneous construction of multiple sections of the slope. Material transfer efficiency is improved by more than 80% compared with traditional manual transfer, and the treatment period of 100-meter-high steep slopes can be shortened by 40%.

[0040] 3. Outstanding economic and environmental benefits: Prefabricated components are reusable, eliminating the need for large equipment and significantly reducing equipment and material costs; the gravity anchor at the slope toe utilizes existing anti-slide piles, reducing concrete pouring and foundation pit excavation, minimizing disturbance to the original geology of the slope, making it green and environmentally friendly. Parameters can be flexibly adjusted according to slope height, gradient, and geological conditions, making it widely applicable to various engineering scenarios such as high and steep slope protection in mountainous areas, geological disaster treatment, and emergency rescue, filling a technological gap in the industry and possessing strong promotional value.

[0041] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions. Its characteristics are: It includes at least two sets of cable hoisting units that are longitudinally spaced along the slope to be treated. Each set of cable hoisting units corresponds to a section of the slope to be treated, and each set of cable hoisting units operates independently. Each cable hoisting unit includes an anchoring system, a prefabricated tower assembly, a load-bearing main cable system, a traction cable system, a hoisting operation system, and a winch drive system. The anchoring system includes a rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope and a gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope. The rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope is located at the stable bedrock and includes a steel anchor box and a prestressed anchor cable assembly. The prestressed anchor cable assembly is obliquely anchored into the bedrock, and the steel anchor box is rigidly connected to the tension end of the prestressed anchor cable assembly. The gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope includes a C40 concrete anchor block, a pre-embedded steel frame, and a rebar connector. One end of the rebar connector is anchored into the existing anti-slide pile of the slope, and the other end is rigidly connected to the pre-embedded steel frame. The C40 concrete anchor block encloses the pre-embedded steel frame and is cast as a whole with the existing anti-slide pile. The prefabricated tower assembly is vertically installed on stable bedrock in front of the slope-top rock anchoring mechanism. It is a prefabricated steel pipe truss structure, including steel pipe columns, horizontal horizontal connecting steel pipes, column base anchoring steel plates, and back-bar connectors. The column base anchoring steel plates are locked to the slope-top bedrock by anchor bolt assemblies. The steel pipe columns are welded to the column base anchoring steel plates. The horizontal horizontal connecting steel pipes are welded between adjacent steel pipe columns. One end of the back-bar connector is rigidly connected to the top of the tower, and the other end is rigidly connected to the steel anchor box of the slope-top rock anchoring mechanism. The top of the tower is equipped with a main cable limiting pulley assembly and a traction cable steering pulley assembly. The load-bearing main cable system includes a single load-bearing main cable. One end of the load-bearing main cable is anchored to the steel anchor box of the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope, and the other end passes through the main cable limiting pulley block at the top of the tower, extends obliquely along the slope surface and is anchored to the pre-embedded steel frame of the gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope, forming a single-span load-bearing structure that adapts to the slope elevation difference. The traction cable system includes a single traction cable. One end of the traction cable is connected to the winch drum of the winch drive system, and the other end passes through the traction cable steering pulley block at the top of the tower and the trolley traction end of the lifting operation system in sequence before returning to the winch, forming a closed-loop traction circuit. The lifting operation system includes a trolley and an electric lifting hoist; the winch drive system includes a variable frequency winch, which is fixed to a stable foundation next to the gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope and is used to provide traction power for the traction cable system.

2. The prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slopes to be treated are adverse geological rock slopes with a height of 80-120m, and some areas are near... The structure is a vertical steep cliff; the cable hoisting units are arranged longitudinally along the slope at 50m intervals, with a total of 4 sets. The single span of each set of cable hoisting units is 90~140m, the vertical height difference of the slope is 80~120m, the angle between the cableway and the horizontal plane is 40°~47°, and the rated net lifting weight of each set of cable hoisting units is 1.2t.

3. The prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prestressed anchor cable assembly of the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope consists of 5 bundles of 15.2mm low-relaxation prestressed steel strands, with a total anchor cable length of 22m, including a free section length of 12m and an anchoring section length of 10m. The angle between the anchor cable and the horizontal ground is 10°, and the design prestress is 700KN. The steel anchor box is made of double-section H-beams welded together, and the steel plate connections of the steel anchor box all adopt double-sided bevel welds with a weld thickness of not less than 10mm.

4. The prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The C40 concrete anchor block of the slope toe gravity anchor mechanism has dimensions of 2m long × 2m wide × 1m high; the rebar connector includes 12 HRB400 grade Φ25 threaded steel bars, with a rebar depth of not less than 1m, and the rebar is installed using grade A modified epoxy structural adhesive; the pre-embedded steel frame is a double-segment 18a channel steel, and the pre-embedded steel frame is welded with main cable anchoring lugs and steering pulley seats.

5. The prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prefabricated tower assembly has a total height of 5m. The steel pipe columns are made of Φ140×8mm seamless steel pipes, and the horizontal connecting steel pipes are made of Φ89×6mm seamless steel pipes. The anchoring steel plate at the bottom of the column is a 20mm thick steel plate, which is locked to the bedrock at the top of the slope by four HRB400 grade Φ25 anchor rods. The back pole connectors are made of double-jointed 16a channel steel. The main cable limiting pulley block at the top of the tower is made of Φ360 pulleys, and the traction cable steering pulley block is made of Φ250 pulleys.

6. The prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main load-bearing cable uses 6×36WS-IWRC type Φ36 steel wire rope with a nominal tensile strength of 1870Mpa, a design working sag of 1 / 27 of the span, an initial installation sag of 2.18m, and an initial installation stress of 14.2t; the traction cable uses 6×36WS-IWR type Φ16 steel wire rope with a nominal tensile strength of 1870Mpa; the frequency conversion winch is a 10t frequency conversion high-speed winch.

7. The prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trolley is assembled from connecting plates, traveling pulleys, pins, and bolts. The traveling pulleys roll in conjunction with the main load-bearing cable, and the traction cable is rigidly fixed to the connecting plate of the trolley. The trolley moves back and forth along the main load-bearing cable through the forward and reverse traction of the traction cable.

8. The prefabricated cable hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Steel transfer platforms are installed on the slope surface at vertical intervals of 20-30m. The transfer platform corresponds to the working area of ​​the cable hoisting unit, serving as a temporary material transfer platform and personnel escape route.

9. A method for implementing a prefabricated cable-stayed hoisting system for steep slopes with adverse geological conditions, characterized in that, The prefabricated cable hoisting system based on any one of claims 1-8 includes the following steps: S1 Construction Preparation and Surveying: Conduct construction surveys, review drawings, provide technical briefings and pre-job training for personnel; inspect and test incoming materials and equipment; survey and set out control points for the anchoring system and tower device according to the design drawings; and verify the geological conditions at the points. S2 Anchoring System Construction: The construction of the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope and the gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope will be carried out simultaneously. The construction of the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope will proceed in the following order: excavation of the bedrock surface and pouring of the leveling layer, installation of the steel anchor box, drilling of the anchor holes, fabrication and installation of the anchor cables, grouting, and tensioning and locking of the anchor cables. The construction of the gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope will proceed in the following order: rebar installation of the existing anti-slide piles, roughening of the top surface of the anti-slide piles, installation of the pre-embedded steel frame, formwork erection, and concrete pouring and curing. S3 Prefabricated Tower Installation Construction: Manually transport prefabricated tower components to the work point at the top of the slope, excavate the tower foundation and pour a concrete cushion layer, insert anchor bolts and install column bottom anchoring steel plates, assemble tower columns and horizontal horizontal bracing on site, use hoists and temporary masts to erect and straighten the tower, install back bracing connectors and lock them to the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope, and install pulley blocks at the top of the tower. S4 traction cable system installation: The pilot cable is erected by manually laying the cable, and the traction cable is laid out and the closed loop is connected by replacing the cable step by step. The traction cable is then connected and fixed to the winch drum. S5 load-bearing main cable system installation: Fix the main cable reel to the toe of the slope, and pull the main cable from the toe of the slope to the tower position at the top of the slope through the circulation system of the traction cable. Anchor one end of the main cable to the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope, and after adjusting the sag of the other end, anchor it to the gravity anchor mechanism at the toe of the slope. Verify and calibrate the sag of the main cable using a total station. S6 crane operation system installation: hoist the prefabricated and assembled trolley onto the main load-bearing cable, fix the traction cable to the trolley, install an electric lifting hoist at the bottom of the trolley, and pull the trolley to the tower at the top of the slope for temporary fixation; S7 System Trial Operation and Staged Trial Lifting: After the installation of the entire system is completed, the traction system, lifting system, electrical control system, and limit system are debugged. After the debugging is qualified, trial lifting tests are carried out step by step at 50%, 75%, 100%, and 120% of the rated load. During the trial lifting, the tower displacement, main cable sag, anchoring system stability, and buckle slippage are monitored simultaneously. After the trial lifting is qualified, it is put into formal use. S8 Slope Treatment Material Hoisting Operation: Using a cable hoisting system, semi-finished steel bars, anchor cables, scaffolding pipes, and other materials are vertically hoisted from the toe of the slope to the slope working platform. This is done in conjunction with the zonal treatment construction of the slope, and simultaneous work on the upper and lower working faces is strictly prohibited. S9 System Dismantling: After the slope treatment construction is completed, the lifting system, main load-bearing cable system, traction cable system, winch drive system, prefabricated tower device, and anchoring system will be dismantled in sequence.

10. The implementation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S1, the monitoring and early warning of adverse geological conditions on the slope are carried out simultaneously. Before the start of work each day, a special person will inspect the slope to verify the slope displacement monitoring data and dynamically adjust the construction sequence. Before the slope operation, two 4m long Φ28 round steel bars are anchored into the rock at the top of the slope and laid out at 5m intervals along the slope to hang and fix the safety rope. A safety officer is stationed on the slope throughout the manual operation. In step S1, before the slope protection construction work, a water interception ditch is constructed 5m outside the slope top and slope mouth, and a temporary drainage ditch and transverse drainage facilities are excavated at the slope toe to prevent the slope from being soaked by water and causing instability. In step S2, the anchor hole drilling of the rock anchor mechanism at the top of the slope adopts the eccentric root pipe drilling process, with medium wind pressure of 0.5~0.8MPa and drilling speed of 3~5m / h. The final hole depth exceeds the design depth by 40cm. After drilling is completed, the hole is thoroughly cleaned with high-pressure air. Before the anchor cable is installed, the hole is blown with high-pressure air again. Grouting adopts the bottom grouting method, with grouting pressure of 0.6~0.8MPa and pure cement grout with a water-cement ratio of 0.45~0.

5. The anchor cable is tensioned after the grout body reaches 100% of the design strength. In step S4, the pilot cable uses Φ8mm nylon rope, and the cable replacement sequence is as follows: Φ8mm nylon rope → Φ16mm nylon rope → Φ8mm steel rope → Φ12mm steel rope → Φ16mm traction cable; during the cable replacement process, the traction cable closed loop circuit is completed by the toe winch. In step S7, during the graded trial lifting, the load must be towed back and forth once for each of the 50%, 75%, and 100% rated load trial lifting. For the 120% rated load trial lifting, the load is lifted to 30cm off the ground and held for 10 minutes. During the trial lifting, a total station is used to monitor the sag of the main cable and the displacement of the top of the tower. The slippage of the wire rope clips is monitored by the paint marking method. If any abnormality is found, the operation is stopped immediately and can only continue after the fault is eliminated.

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