An agricultural enzyme, a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of soil agricultural residue degradation, and particularly relates to an agricultural enzyme, a preparation method and application thereof. The agricultural enzyme provided by the present application is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: brown sugar 400-600 parts, yeast powder 4-6 parts, scutellaria baicalensis residue 500 parts and water 4000-6000 parts. The preparation method of the agricultural enzyme is as follows: the scutellaria baicalensis residue, yeast powder, brown sugar and water are uniformly mixed, and then fermentation is carried out at 20-30 DEG C. The fermentation is stopped after the pH value of the fermentation liquor is less than 5.5, and then the fermentation product is collected, thereby obtaining the agricultural enzyme. The agricultural enzyme provided by the present application can efficiently degrade the organic phosphorus agricultural residues in the soil, and can enrich the soil microbial community and abundance while improving the soil aggregate structure, thereby improving the soil nutrient storage capacity and the microbial community.

Description

[0001] This invention is a divisional application based on the application filed on September 25, 2024, with application number 202411343299.0 and invention title "An agricultural enzyme for degrading phoxim and its application". Technical Field

[0002] This invention belongs to the field of soil pesticide residue degradation technology, specifically relating to an agricultural enzyme, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0003] Potatoes, as one of the most important food and cash crops in agricultural production, occupy a pivotal position in terms of planting area and yield. With the continuous development of agricultural production, phoxim, an organophosphate insecticide, is widely used to control potato pests in order to ensure potato yield and improve marketability. Long-term excessive application of phoxim not only leads to continuous accumulation in the soil, but also exacerbates the deterioration of soil microenvironment, reduces soil microbial abundance and community stability, and affects the soil health of sandy farmland ecosystems. Therefore, high phoxim residues have become a significant obstacle to improving soil fertility in arid sandy farmland areas. Furthermore, the high accumulation of phoxim in potato tubers directly affects the marketability of potatoes, making excessive pesticide residues a problem that cannot be ignored. With increasing public awareness of food safety and environmental protection, and the promotion of green and clean potato production models, the issue of organophosphate pesticide residues has gradually become a focus of attention for society and growers. Therefore, how to ensure the effective control of pests and diseases with phoxim in the early stages while significantly reducing its residues in the soil and potato tubers in the later stages has become a crucial problem that urgently needs to be solved.

[0004] Currently, the main methods for degrading phorate in soil include photolysis, oxidative degradation, hydrolysis, enzymatic degradation, and microbial degradation. Photolysis has a wide range of degradable targets and stable degradation ability, and does not cause secondary pollution, but it fails to achieve spectral applicability and is not suitable for field use. Oxidative degradation accurately breaks the corresponding chemical bonds, but produces byproducts, has unsatisfactory degradation effects, and causes secondary pollution. Hydrolysis can occur under both acidic and alkaline conditions, but is severely affected by pH and is only effective against pyrethroid pesticides. Enzymatic degradation is convenient to use, safe and non-toxic, has no side effects, does not require high pesticide specificity, and leaves no residues or secondary pollution; however, the storage, production, and application costs of enzymes are high, making large-scale application in agricultural production difficult. Microbial degradation has broad application prospects, is safe and non-toxic, and does not cause secondary pollution, but the biological treatment effect is still unstable, influenced by many factors, and prone to incomplete degradation.

[0005] While there is considerable research on agricultural enzymes in agricultural production, current research focuses primarily on their ability to enhance soil fertility and microbial diversity. Technologies for the degradation of phorate and other organophosphate pesticide residues are relatively lacking. There is limited attention paid to the efficient degradation of phorate and other organophosphate pesticide residues in farmland soils, and existing agricultural enzymes have shown poor performance in degrading phorate. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology in the degradation of phoxim by agricultural enzymes, and to provide an agricultural enzyme, its preparation method and application.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0008] The first aspect of this invention provides an agricultural enzyme, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 to 600 parts brown sugar, 4 to 6 parts yeast powder, 500 parts Scutellaria baicalensis residue, and 4,000 to 6,000 parts water.

[0009] Preferably, the agricultural enzyme is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 500 parts brown sugar, 5 parts yeast powder, 500 parts Scutellaria baicalensis residue and 5000 parts water.

[0010] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the agricultural enzyme, comprising the following steps: mixing Scutellaria baicalensis residue, yeast powder, brown sugar and water evenly, fermenting at 20℃~30℃, stopping fermentation when the pH value of the fermentation liquid is <5.5, collecting the fermentation product to obtain the agricultural enzyme.

[0011] Preferably, the particle size of the Scutellaria baicalensis residue is 50 mesh to 200 mesh.

[0012] Preferably, the Scutellaria baicalensis residue is the residue collected after extracting Scutellaria baicalensis roots or stems and leaves using reflux extraction, decoction extraction, or ultrasonic extraction.

[0013] Preferably, in the reflux method, ethanol with a volume fraction of 50% to 65% is used as the solvent for extraction.

[0014] Preferably, in the reflux method, the mass-to-volume ratio of Scutellaria baicalensis root or Scutellaria baicalensis stem and leaves to ethanol is 15-30 g: 200-300 mL; the reflux extraction temperature is 50℃-70℃, and the reflux extraction is performed 1 to 3 times.

[0015] Preferably, the root or stem and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis are mixed with 8 to 10 times the weight of water, and decocted for 1 to 2 hours each time, and the number of times the decoction is performed is 1 to 3.

[0016] Preferably, in the ultrasonic extraction method, 50%–65% ethanol by volume is used as the solvent to extract Scutellaria baicalensis root or Scutellaria baicalensis stem and leaves, the ultrasonic power is 100W–200W, and the ultrasonic time is 20–40 min.

[0017] Preferably, in the ultrasonic extraction method, the extraction is performed 1 to 3 times, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the Scutellaria baicalensis root or Scutellaria baicalensis stem and leaves to the ethanol is 30g:250mL.

[0018] The third aspect of this invention provides an application of agricultural enzymes in the degradation of phoxim in soil.

[0019] Preferably, the agricultural enzyme is diluted 50 to 200 times and then applied to soil with residual phoxim.

[0020] Preferably, the application rate of the agricultural enzyme is 10 kg / mu to 14 kg / mu.

[0021] Preferably, the application rate of the agricultural enzyme is 12 kg / mu.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: In the present invention, Scutellaria baicalensis residue is used as the base material and yeast, brown sugar and water are used as auxiliary materials to prepare Scutellaria baicalensis agricultural enzyme that has no toxic side effects and can efficiently degrade phoxim in farmland soil, and can significantly improve farmland soil fertility and microbial diversity and function.

[0023] In this invention, Scutellaria baicalensis, a major Chinese medicinal herb, produces a large amount of residue after the extraction of baicalin. The residue is rich in organic matter and flavonoids, which are beneficial for controlling pathogens and enhancing the diversity of beneficial rhizosphere microbial communities. Using Scutellaria baicalensis residue as a base material, yeast and brown sugar are combined to create a highly active small-molecule organic liquid fertilizer rich in flavonoids. This achieves efficient degradation of organophosphorus pesticide residues in the soil, improves soil aggregate structure, enriches soil microbial communities and abundance, and enhances soil nutrient retention capacity and improves microbial communities.

[0024] The method for preparing agricultural enzymes provided by this invention is simple and does not require complicated material pretreatment. After the refined Scutellaria baicalensis residue is mixed evenly with yeast, brown sugar, water, etc., it is naturally fermented at room temperature above 20°C for more than 30 days. Then it can be applied by drenching or sprinkling onto farmland for convenient application.

[0025] This invention addresses the problem of high phorate residue and continuous accumulation in potato fields in arid sandy areas during long-term, intensive cultivation. It selects the waste residue generated after extracting the effective components from Scutellaria baicalensis, a major Chinese medicinal herb, to prepare Scutellaria baicalensis agricultural enzyme. The invention quantitatively evaluates the phorate reduction effect of this enzyme on potato fields in arid sandy areas, providing theoretical and technological support for phorate reduction in soil in such fields.

[0026] In this invention, the application of Scutellaria baicalensis residue to degrade organic phosphorus pesticide residues in soil can improve soil fertility, inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria in the soil, produce more and better agricultural products, improve soil structure, reduce pollution, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides used, and eliminate pesticide residues. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 The figure shows the results of determining the degradation potential of enzymes for phorate in soil at different incubation times.

[0028] Figure 2 The graph shows the results of determining the residue levels of phorate in soil and potato tubers using agricultural enzymes in the field; among which... Figure 2 In the figure, A represents the result of the determination of residual amount in the soil; Figure 2 The figure shows the results of the determination of phoxim residue in potato tubers.

[0029] Figure 3 The figure shows the effect of enzymes for degrading phoxim provided in different embodiments on bacterial community diversity in potato soil. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following embodiments can be obtained commercially unless otherwise specified.

[0031] Currently, the main methods for degrading phorate in soil include photolysis, oxidative degradation, hydrolysis, enzymatic degradation, and microbial degradation. Photolysis has a wide range of degradable targets and stable degradation ability, and does not cause secondary pollution, but it fails to achieve spectral applicability and is not suitable for field use. Oxidative degradation accurately breaks the corresponding chemical bonds, but produces byproducts, has unsatisfactory degradation effects, and causes secondary pollution. Hydrolysis can occur under both acidic and alkaline conditions, but is severely affected by pH and is only effective against pyrethroid pesticides. Enzymatic degradation is convenient to use, safe and non-toxic, has no side effects, does not require high pesticide specificity, and leaves no residues or secondary pollution; however, the storage, production, and application costs of enzymes are high, making large-scale application in agricultural production difficult. Microbial degradation has broad application prospects, is safe and non-toxic, and does not cause secondary pollution, but the biological treatment effect is still unstable, influenced by many factors, and prone to incomplete degradation.

[0032] While there is considerable research on agricultural enzymes in agricultural production, current research focuses primarily on their ability to enhance soil fertility and microbial diversity. Technologies for the degradation of phorate pesticide residues are relatively lacking, and there is less attention paid to whether agricultural enzymes can efficiently degrade phorate and other organophosphate pesticide residues in farmland soil. Although there is some research foundation on the degradation technology of pesticide residues in farmland soil, in-depth exploration is still needed to find an economical, efficient, and environmentally friendly agricultural enzyme for degrading phorate in soil.

[0033] This invention provides an agricultural enzyme for degrading phorate, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400-600 parts brown sugar, 4-6 parts yeast powder, and 250-1000 parts Scutellaria baicalensis. Scutellaria baicalensis, a major traditional Chinese medicine, produces a large amount of residue after the extraction of baicalin. This residue is rich in organic matter and flavonoids, which are beneficial for controlling pathogens and enhancing the diversity of beneficial rhizosphere microbial communities. Using Scutellaria baicalensis residue as a base material, combined with yeast and brown sugar, a highly active agricultural enzyme rich in flavonoids is created. This achieves efficient degradation of organophosphate pesticide residues in the soil, improves soil aggregate structure, enriches soil microbial communities and abundance, thereby enhancing soil nutrient retention capacity and improving the microbial community. The present invention also provides a method for preparing the agricultural enzyme. The preparation method is simple and does not require complicated material pretreatment. After the refined Scutellaria baicalensis residue is mixed evenly with yeast, brown sugar, water, etc., it is naturally fermented at room temperature above 20°C for more than 30 days. It can then be applied by rinsing or sprinkling onto farmland for convenient application.

[0034] I. Experimental Materials: The brown sugar is edible brown sugar produced according to food standards; the yeast is edible high-activity dry yeast powder, purchased from Angel Yeast Co., Ltd., product number 80003180.

[0035] Example 1 An agricultural enzyme for degrading phoxim is specifically composed of the following components: 250g of Scutellaria baicalensis residue, 500g of brown sugar, 5g of yeast powder, and 5000g of water. The particle size of the Scutellaria baicalensis residue in the above raw materials ranges from 50 mesh to 200 mesh.

[0036] The preparation method of agricultural enzyme for degrading phoxim includes the following steps: Scutellaria baicalensis residue is mixed evenly with yeast, brown sugar, water, etc., and fermented at 20℃ for more than 30 days. During the fermentation process, the pH value of the fermentation liquid is measured. When the pH value of the agricultural enzyme liquid is lower than 5.5, the fermentation is stopped, and the fermentation product is recovered to obtain the agricultural enzyme for degrading phoxim.

[0037] Preparation method of Scutellaria baicalensis residue: The Scutellaria baicalensis residue is derived from the residue obtained after reflux extraction of baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis. The preparation method is as follows: Scutellaria baicalensis roots or stems and leaves are pulverized to a particle size of 50-200 mesh. 15-30g of Scutellaria baicalensis particles are weighed and 200-300mL of 50%-65% ethanol is added. The mixture is refluxed in a water bath at 50-70℃ for 1-3 times, each time for 1-2 hours. The filter residue is then collected to obtain the Scutellaria baicalensis residue.

[0038] Any parameter value within the range specified in the above methods can be used to prepare Scutellaria baicalensis residue. Specifically, in this embodiment, the following method is used: The roots of Scutellaria baicalensis are pulverized to obtain particles with a diameter of 50 mesh. 20g of Scutellaria baicalensis particles are weighed and 240mL of 60% ethanol is added. The mixture is then extracted twice by reflux in a water bath at 60℃, for 2 hours each time. The filter residue is then collected to obtain the Scutellaria baicalensis residue used in this embodiment.

[0039] Example 2 An agricultural enzyme for degrading phoxim is specifically composed of the following components: 500g of Scutellaria baicalensis residue, 500g of brown sugar, 5g of yeast powder, and 5000g of water. The particle size of the Scutellaria baicalensis residue in the above raw materials ranges from 50 mesh to 200 mesh.

[0040] The preparation method of agricultural enzyme for degrading phorate includes the following steps: Scutellaria baicalensis residue is mixed evenly with yeast, brown sugar, water, etc., and then naturally fermented at room temperature above 20°C for more than 30 days to obtain agricultural enzyme for degrading phorate.

[0041] The Scutellaria baicalensis residue is derived from the residue produced after extracting baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis using the decoction method. The preparation method of the Scutellaria baicalensis residue is as follows: Scutellaria baicalensis root or stem and leaf are pulverized to a particle size of 100 mesh. 20g of Scutellaria baicalensis granules are weighed and added to 8-10 times the amount of water. The mixture is boiled and decocted twice, each time for 1-2 hours, for 1-3 times. The residue is collected and filtered to obtain the Scutellaria baicalensis residue used in this embodiment.

[0042] Any parameter value within the range of the above methods can be used to obtain Scutellaria baicalensis residue. Specifically, in this embodiment, the following method is used: Scutellaria baicalensis root is crushed into 40-mesh particles to obtain Scutellaria baicalensis granules with a particle size of 200 mesh. 20g of Scutellaria baicalensis granules are weighed and added to 10 times the amount of water (from the root or stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis). The mixture is boiled twice, each time for 1 hour. The residue is collected and filtered to obtain the Scutellaria baicalensis residue used in this embodiment.

[0043] Example 3 An agricultural enzyme for degrading phoxim is specifically composed of the following components: 1000g of Scutellaria baicalensis residue, 500g of brown sugar, 5g of yeast powder, and 5000g of water. The particle size of the Scutellaria baicalensis residue in the above raw materials ranges from 50 mesh to 200 mesh.

[0044] The preparation method of agricultural enzyme for degrading phorate includes the following steps: Scutellaria baicalensis residue is mixed evenly with yeast, brown sugar, water, etc., and then naturally fermented at room temperature above 20°C for more than 30 days to obtain agricultural enzyme for degrading phorate.

[0045] The Scutellaria baicalensis residue is derived from the residue obtained after extracting baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis using ultrasonic extraction. The preparation method of the Scutellaria baicalensis residue is as follows: Scutellaria baicalensis root or stem and leaf are pulverized to a particle size of 50-200 mesh. 15-30g of Scutellaria baicalensis particles are weighed and added to 100-200mL of 50%-65% ethanol. After soaking overnight, the mixture is ultrasonicated at 100W-200W for 20-40 minutes. After filtration, the residue is collected, and then 100-200mL of 60% ethanol solution is added and ultrasonicated for 30 minutes. After filtration, the residue is collected to obtain the Scutellaria baicalensis residue used in this example.

[0046] Any parameter value within the range of the above methods can be used to prepare Scutellaria baicalensis residue. Specifically, in this embodiment, the following method is used: The roots of Scutellaria baicalensis are crushed to a particle size of 200 mesh. 20g of Scutellaria baicalensis particles are weighed, and 200mL of 60% ethanol is added. After soaking overnight, the mixture is ultrasonicated at 150W for 30 minutes, filtered, and the residue is collected. Then, another 200mL of 60% ethanol solution is added, and the mixture is ultrasonicated for 30 minutes, filtered, and the residue is collected to obtain the Scutellaria baicalensis residue used in this embodiment.

[0047] Comparative Example 1 An agricultural enzyme for degrading phoxim is specifically composed of the following components: 500g brown sugar, 5g yeast powder, and 5000g water.

[0048] The preparation method of agricultural enzyme for degrading phoxim includes the following steps: mixing yeast, brown sugar, water, etc. evenly, fermenting at 20℃ for more than 30 days, measuring the pH value of the fermentation liquid during the fermentation process, stopping the fermentation when the pH value of the agricultural enzyme liquid is lower than 5.5, and recovering the fermentation product to obtain the agricultural enzyme for degrading phoxim.

[0049] Comparison of the degradation effect of agricultural enzymes for phoxim provided in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 on phoxim in soil: Soil from potato farmland in the Mu Us Sandy Land was collected. About 3 kg of farmland soil was weighed and placed in flower pots. 30 ml of 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate was added to each pot. 3.5 ml of the agricultural enzymes provided in Examples 1-4 was diluted 100 times and added to each flower pot as the experimental group. The control group had 350 ml of distilled water added to the flower pots. The flower pots were placed in an incubator at 26℃ for 20 days. Soil samples were collected on days 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 to detect the residual amount of phoxim in the soil.

[0050] The results of the phoxim residue test are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the comparison revealed that, compared with the control group, the agricultural enzymes for degrading phoxim provided in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 could all reduce phoxim in the soil, with the enzyme provided in Example 2 showing the most significant reduction effect.

[0051] Further, following the enzyme provided in Example 2, in potato-growing areas, firstly, 12 kg / mu of phorate was applied to the farmland soil (the conventional application rate of phorate is only 2 kg / mu, which is 6 times the conventional application rate). Secondly, after an interval of 5 days, the enzyme was applied once by flushing, with a dosage of 200 L / mu. On the 90th day, potato and soil samples were collected, and the phorate content in potato tubers and soil was determined.

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown in Figure A, compared with the CK treatment group, the phorate residue in the soil samples of the Example 2 treatment group was significantly reduced, with a reduction of 42.35%. This indicates that even with high-dose application of phorate, the application of agricultural enzyme liquid fertilizer in the field can still significantly reduce the phorate residue in potato farmland soil.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown in B, compared with the CK treatment group, the phoxim residue in potatoes in the Example 2 treatment group was significantly reduced, with a reduction of 77.22%. This indicates that even with high-dose application of phoxim, the application of agricultural enzyme liquid fertilizer in the field can still significantly reduce the phoxim residue in potato tubers.

[0054] The bacterial community diversity in soil was determined after treatment with the agricultural enzymes for degrading phoxim provided in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1. The method was as follows: Soil samples were collected from the experimental area. 0.5 g of soil was used to extract total DNA using the MPSPIN Kit for Soil (MP Biomedicals, USA). The extracted DNA was dissolved in 80 μL of DESElution Solution and subjected to quality testing using a microplate reader. Samples with absorbance values ​​between 1.8 and 2.0 at 260 / 280 were retained, and the DNA concentration of each sample was recorded. Unqualified samples were re-extracted. The qualified bacterial DNA was then used for PCR amplification and library construction. Different primers, as shown in Table 1, could be used for PCR amplification to identify bacterial community species and structure. The PCR amplification products were then used for library construction, inserting DNA fragments into the library for sequencing. Library construction included DNA fragment ligation, PCR amplification, purification, and quality testing. The importance of library construction lies in ensuring the quality of the library while preserving the microbial community information to the greatest extent possible. After library construction, a suitable sequencing platform was selected for sequencing. Available sequencing platforms include Illumina, PacBio, and Nanopore. Sequencing data requires quality control, sequence assembly, OTU clustering, and species annotation. Commonly used data analysis software includes QiIME, Mothur, and Uparse. The obtained data undergoes quality filtering and dechimeric processing, and clustering generates ASVs (100% similarity). Low-abundance ASVs are filtered by their presence in at least two sequences with an abundance greater than 0. Data is flattened based on the lowest abundance ASV in the sample, and the Shannon diversity index is calculated using QiIME software (Version 1.7.0).

[0055] Table 1 Sequencing primers

[0056] The results showed that the enzymes for degrading phoxim provided in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 could all enhance the diversity of soil bacterial communities (e.g., ...). Figure 3 As shown in the figure, Examples 2 and 3 showed the most significant effect on improving soil bacterial community diversity.

[0057] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0058] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An agricultural enzyme, characterized in that, The agricultural enzyme is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400-600 parts brown sugar, 4-6 parts yeast powder, 500 parts Scutellaria baicalensis residue, and 4000-6000 parts water.

2. The agricultural enzyme according to claim 1, characterized in that, The agricultural enzyme is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 500 parts brown sugar, 5 parts yeast powder, 500 parts Scutellaria baicalensis residue, and 5000 parts water.

3. A method for preparing the agricultural enzyme according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Mix the Scutellaria baicalensis residue, yeast powder, brown sugar and water evenly, and ferment at 20℃~30℃. Stop fermentation when the pH value of the fermentation liquid is <5.5, and collect the fermentation product to obtain the agricultural enzyme.

4. The method for preparing agricultural enzymes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The particle size of the Scutellaria baicalensis residue is 50-200 mesh.

5. The method for preparing agricultural enzymes according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The Scutellaria baicalensis residue is the residue collected after extracting Scutellaria baicalensis roots or stems and leaves using reflux extraction, decoction extraction, or ultrasonic extraction.

6. The method for preparing agricultural enzymes according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the reflux method, ethanol with a volume fraction of 50% to 65% is used as the solvent for extraction; The mass-to-volume ratio of the Scutellaria baicalensis root or stem and leaves to the ethanol is 15-30 g: 200-300 mL; the reflux extraction temperature is 50-70 °C, and the reflux extraction is performed 1-3 times.

7. The method for preparing agricultural enzymes according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the decoction method, Scutellaria baicalensis root or stem and leaves are mixed with 8 to 10 times the weight of Scutellaria baicalensis root or stem and leaves in water, and each decoction is carried out for 1 to 2 hours, and the number of decoctions is 1 to 3.

8. The method for preparing agricultural enzymes according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the ultrasonic extraction method, 50%–65% ethanol by volume is used as the solvent to extract Scutellaria baicalensis root or Scutellaria baicalensis stem and leaves. The ultrasonic power is 100W–200W and the ultrasonic time is 20–40min. The extraction is performed 1 to 3 times, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the Scutellaria baicalensis root or stem and leaves to the ethanol is 30g:250mL.

9. The application of an agricultural enzyme according to any one of claims 1-2 or an agricultural enzyme prepared by the method according to any one of claims 3-8 in the degradation of phoxim in soil.

10. The application of the agricultural enzyme according to claim 9 in the degradation of phoxim in soil, characterized in that, The agricultural enzyme is diluted 50 to 200 times and then applied to soil with residual phoxim. The application rate of the agricultural enzyme is 10 kg / mu to 14 kg / mu.

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