Method for preparing high-activity bio-organic fertilizer based on multi-microbial ecological fermentation bed mattress

Abstract

The application discloses a method for preparing high-activity bio-organic fertilizer based on multi-microbial ecological fermentation bed mattress, and relates to the technical field of livestock breeding manure resource utilization and bio-organic fertilizer preparation. The application takes multi-natural microbial ecological fermentation bed breeding aged mattress as the only core raw material, and through a closed loop process of raw material screening and sorting, physical conditioning, micro-ecological secondary enrichment fermentation, gradient high-temperature harmless decomposition, aging and efficiency stabilization and fine granulation processing, relies on the original natural compound microbial group for secondary expansion, completely completes organic matter mineralization, harmful substance degradation and pathogenic bacteria and insect eggs inactivation, and finally prepares the ecological bio-organic fertilizer with high active bacteria, high organic matter, balanced nutrients, slow release and long-acting. The application realizes zero emission and full resource utilization of manure in a closed loop, the product meets the NY / T 525 organic fertilizer standard, has the effects of soil improvement, bacterium and disease inhibition, root and seedling promotion, water and fertilizer preservation and the like, the resource utilization rate is 100%, the process is simple, green and environment-friendly, and the industrial value is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of livestock and poultry manure resource utilization and bio-organic fertilizer preparation technology, and in particular to a method for preparing highly active bio-organic fertilizer based on multi-microbial community ecological fermentation bedding material. Background Technology

[0002] Large-scale livestock and poultry farming is an important pillar of modern agriculture, but traditional farming methods result in large amounts of manure and serious pollution, posing significant environmental challenges. Multi-microbial ecological fermentation bed farming technology can achieve in-situ degradation of livestock and poultry manure and zero-emission farming. During long-term farming, the bedding material continuously decomposes organic matter from manure, transforms nutrients, and inhibits harmful bacteria under the action of natural complex microorganisms. After 1-3 years of use, the bedding material gradually stabilizes and becomes rich in nutrients, transforming into a high-quality organic fertilizer raw material.

[0003] Currently, the industry's methods for processing fermented bedding materials are mostly direct return to the field, simple piling for composting, or random disposal, which have many technical defects and drawbacks: 1. If the bedding material is directly returned to the field, the decomposition degree is insufficient. There are still undecomposed organic matter such as protein and urea inside. Secondary fermentation in the soil can easily cause root burn, seedling burn, root rot and suffocation, which will affect crop growth. 2. Ordinary natural composting without temperature control cannot completely kill insect eggs, harmful bacteria, and weed seeds. After application, it is easy to cause pests and diseases and weeds in the field, posing a biosafety hazard. 3. Conventional treatment methods do not enrich and stabilize the original dominant microbial community in the fermentation bed. After the application of the bedding material, the live bacteria are lost quickly and the microbial community is unbalanced, resulting in extremely poor soil improvement, antibacterial and disease prevention effects. 4. Most commercially available organic fertilizers are made by fermenting a mixture of fresh livestock and poultry manure and straw. The raw materials are complex, and there is a high risk of heavy metal and antibiotic residues. The microbial community is disordered, the decomposition is uneven, and the fertilizer effect is unstable. 5. Existing fertilizer production processes using bedding materials are mostly extensive, lacking gradient high-temperature harmless treatment and sterile enrichment steps, resulting in low-grade products with limited nutrients, no long-term soil improvement function, and extremely low added value.

[0004] Based on the shortcomings of existing technologies, and combined with the ecological fermentation bed breeding system of various natural microbial communities independently developed by our team, we have developed a closed-loop resource-based fertilizer production process. This process fully utilizes the advantages of the fermentation bed bedding material, which contains high-quality natural microbial communities, fully decomposed manure, and is free from external pollution. Through secondary microbial community enrichment, gradient high-temperature harmless treatment, and precise decomposition and stable efficiency processes, we produce highly active, safe, and high-value-added ecological bio-organic fertilizer, achieving zero emissions of breeding pollution, ecological restoration of agricultural soil, and integrated planting and breeding cycle. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to solve the problems of low resource utilization rate of existing fermented bedding materials, high risk of simple return to the field, poor quality of conventional organic fertilizers, high pollution residues, and weak soil improvement effect. It provides a closed-loop method for preparing fermented bedding material organic fertilizer, which is enriched with natural microorganisms, gradient harmless treatment, and stable slow release of nutrients. This method achieves 100% resource utilization and high efficiency of livestock and poultry breeding waste, and produces safe, green, and highly active ecological biological organic fertilizer.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for preparing highly active bio-organic fertilizer based on multi-microbial community ecological fermentation bed bedding. The method is characterized by using aged bedding material from multi-natural microbial community ecological fermentation bed cultivation as the core raw material. The process involves sorting and conditioning, secondary microbial community enrichment fermentation, gradient high-temperature harmless composting, natural aging, pulverization and granulation, screening and packaging to obtain the highly active bio-organic fertilizer. Specifically, the method includes the following steps: (1) Raw material screening and sorting: Select the aged bedding material in the lower layer of the ecological fermentation bed that has been used for normal breeding for 1 to 3 years, is free from mold, water accumulation and rot, and has completed the in-situ degradation of manure and sewage, and remove stones, plastic impurities and large pieces of unfermented material; (2) Physical conditioning treatment: crush the sorted pad material, pass it through a 10-20 mesh sieve, adjust the moisture content of the raw material to 50%-60%, and test and adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20:1-25:1; (3) Secondary microecological enrichment fermentation: Add special natural compound enrichment agent to the conditioned bedding material, mix evenly and pile into fermentation piles for aerobic secondary enrichment fermentation. (4) Gradient high temperature harmless composting: The segmented temperature-controlled turning process is adopted, which goes through three stages in sequence: heating fermentation, high temperature composting, and cooling stabilization of bacteria, to complete the harmless treatment and deep mineralization of organic matter. (5) Natural aging for stable effect: After the fermentation is completed, spread it out to cool and ventilate for 10-15 days until the material is loose, dry, odorless, and uniformly dark brown in color; (6) Refined Fertilizer Production: Qualified aged materials are crushed, screened, granulated at low temperature, dried and cooled, screened and packaged to obtain finished high-activity bio-organic fertilizer.

[0007] Preferably, the special natural compound enrichment agent mentioned in step (3) is homologous to the original microbial community of the fermentation bed and is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Actinomycetes, with a total effective viable count ≥18 billion CFU / g; the amount of enrichment agent added is 0.2% to 0.5% of the total mass of the bedding material.

[0008] Preferably, the initial ambient temperature of the secondary enrichment fermentation in step (3) is ≥10℃, the height of the fermentation stack is controlled at 1.0~1.5m, the width is 2.0~3.0m, and a microporous breathable film is used for covering to keep moist and warm.

[0009] Preferably, the gradient high-temperature harmless composting staged process described in step (4) is as follows: (1) Heating stage 1-3 days: The pile temperature naturally rises to 50-55℃, and the pile is turned over once a day to quickly activate the microbial community and start the decomposition of organic matter; (2) High-temperature composting stage 4-10 days: Maintain the pile temperature at 60-70℃, turn the pile over once every 2 days to ensure uniform high temperature and thoroughly kill roundworm eggs, Escherichia coli, harmful bacteria and grass seeds; (3) Cooling and stabilizing stage 11-15 days: Stop forced turning of the pile, and the pile temperature naturally drops to 40-45℃. The microbial community colonizes and accumulates, and the deep decomposition of organic matter and nutrient transformation are completed.

[0010] Preferably, the pH value is maintained at 6.5-7.5 throughout the fermentation process, the total fermentation cycle is 25-30 days, the organic matter content of the material after fermentation is ≥45%, the number of effective live bacteria is ≥0.2 billion CFU / g, the mortality rate of roundworm eggs is 100%, and the number of fecal coliforms is ≤100 CFU / g.

[0011] Preferably, the fine processing in step (6) uses low-temperature drying, with a drying temperature ≤60℃, to avoid high-temperature inactivation of functional microorganisms, and the finished organic fertilizer has a moisture content ≤30%.

[0012] This invention also provides a multi-microbial fermentation bed ecological bio-organic fertilizer prepared according to the above method. The raw materials of the organic fertilizer are all derived from natural microbial fermentation bed aged bedding material, with no external manure, no chemical hormones, no antibiotic residues, and no heavy metal contamination. The fertilizer contains a complex of beneficial bacteria including lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus, and actinomycetes, and has both fast-acting nutrients and slow-release humus.

[0013] Preferably, this organic fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer, basal fertilizer, and / or top dressing. It is suitable for grain crops, fruits and vegetables, flowers and seedlings, Chinese medicinal herbs, and greenhouse agriculture. It can improve soil aggregate structure, alleviate soil compaction, inhibit soil-borne diseases, and improve crop quality and yield.

[0014] Preferably, the food crop includes one or more of wheat, rice, corn, oats, rye, barley, and sorghum.

[0015] This invention uses a multi-microbial natural ecological fermentation bed aging bedding material that has been operating stably for a long time as the sole raw material. It relies on the three natural functional microbial communities of the bedding material: room temperature deodorization, high temperature degradation, and micro-ecological stabilization. It is supplemented with a homologous compound microbial agent for secondary enrichment. Through segmented gradient high-temperature fermentation, it achieves complete harmlessness. Then, through natural aging and low-temperature fine processing, it produces finished organic fertilizer.

[0016] The entire process differs from traditional extensive fertilizer production in several ways: First, it enriches homologous microbial communities, avoids introducing exogenous bacteria, preserves natural symbiotic microbial systems, and the stability of live bacteria is far higher than that of ordinary purchased microbial agents in organic fertilizers; second, it uses gradient temperature-controlled composting, precisely controlling temperature and fermenting in stages, ensuring both the preservation of microbial activity and the complete inactivation of pathogens and insect eggs; third, it is additive-free throughout the entire process, with no chemical additives, no exogenous manure, and no hormones or antibiotics, making it extremely safe; and fourth, it involves graded conversion of nutrients, enabling fast-acting nutrients to be absorbed by crops and slow-release humus to improve the soil, resulting in long-term effectiveness and enhanced benefits.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Completely closed-loop farming and breeding system with zero waste and resource utilization. Relying on its own ecological fermentation bed breeding system, all waste bedding material from breeding is transformed into high-end biological organic fertilizer, with no solid waste discharge and no manure pollution, truly realizing the ecological cycle of breeding and planting, and achieving a 100% resource utilization rate.

[0018] 2. The strains are naturally homologous, with higher activity and greater stability. It utilizes a secondary enrichment of natural composite microbial communities that are homologous to the fermentation bed. These microbial communities exhibit strong adaptability, good symbiosis, and tolerance to adverse soil conditions. Compared to artificially induced mutant strains and purchased mixed microbial organic fertilizers, they have stronger colonization capabilities, better antibacterial and disease prevention effects, and more lasting soil improvement effects.

[0019] 3. Graded high-temperature harmlessness, high product safety level. The segmented temperature-controlled fermentation process thoroughly kills roundworm eggs, E. coli, soil-borne harmful bacteria, and grass seeds. The entire process is free of antibiotics, heavy metals, and chemical additives, fully complying with green and organic agricultural fertilization standards, and eliminating the risk of seedling burn and secondary pollution.

[0020] 4. It combines quick-acting and long-lasting effects, providing both soil improvement and yield increase. The fertilizer is rich in active beneficial bacteria, humic acid, amino acids, organic matter, and trace elements. It can not only provide nutrients to crops in the current season and improve yield and quality, but also continuously improve soil aggregate structure, break up compaction, activate soil, inhibit soil-borne diseases, and improve the ecology of cultivated land in the long term.

[0021] 5. The process is simple, the cost is low, and it is easy to industrialize and promote. Raw materials do not need to be purchased from outside sources, the process is highly automated, the fermentation cycle is short, energy consumption is low, and operation and maintenance are simple. Compared with traditional organic fertilizer production, it significantly reduces raw material and processing costs, resulting in significant economic and ecological benefits.

[0022] 6. Address industry pain points It completely solves the problems of traditional fermented bedding materials being undercooked when returned to the field, carrying bacteria and insects, having poor fertilizer efficiency, and easily burning seedlings, while avoiding the defects of commercial organic fertilizer raw materials being contaminated, having disordered microbial communities, and having unstable quality. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0024] Example 1: Preparation of Highly Active Bio-organic Fertilizer for Fruits and Vegetables 1. Raw material selection Select aged bedding material from the lower layer of a multi-microbial ecological fermentation bed for pigs that has been in normal use for 2 years. The bedding material should be free of mold, water accumulation and rot, and the manure should be completely degraded. The material should be loose and dark brown in texture. Remove impurities manually, including stones, plastic impurities, and large pieces of unfermented material.

[0025] 2. Physical conditioning of raw materials The substrate was crushed and passed through a 15-mesh sieve, the moisture content was adjusted to 55%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio was tested and adjusted to 22:1 to ensure optimal substrate conditions for fermentation.

[0026] 3. Secondary microbial community enrichment Add 0.3% of the homologous compound enrichment agent (total live bacteria 18.5 billion CFU / g) by weight of the raw materials, stir evenly, pile up a 1.2m high fermentation stack, cover with film to keep warm and moist, and carry out aerobic secondary enrichment fermentation.

[0027] 4. Gradient-stage fermentation 1-3 days of warming up: Naturally warm up to 52℃, turn the pile once a day; High-temperature composting for 4–10 days: Maintain the pile temperature at 62–68℃, turn the pile over every 2 days, and completely render it harmless; 11–15 days cooling and stabilizing bacteria: Allow to cool naturally to 42°C and let stand to enrich the bacterial community.

[0028] 5. Aging and Refining After 12 days of natural aging in a ventilated environment, the material becomes completely dark brown, loose, and odorless; it is then dried at a low temperature of 60℃, pulverized through a 20-mesh sieve, granulated, screened, and packaged.

[0029] 6. Finished Product Specifications Organic matter 48.2%, effective viable bacteria count 0.35 billion CFU / g, moisture content 25%, roundworm egg mortality rate 100%, fecal coliforms not detected, fully compliant with NY / T 525 national standard, suitable for greenhouse cultivation of strawberries, grapes, and vegetables.

[0030] Example 2: Preparation of Organic Fertilizer for Field Grain Crops Example 2 is the same as Example 1, except that: 1. Raw material selection Use 1.5-year-old poultry ecological fermentation bed bedding material to screen and clean impurities.

[0031] 2. Conditioning parameters It was crushed through a 10-mesh sieve, with a moisture content of 52% and a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 21:1.

[0032] 3. Addition of microbial agents Add 0.25% homologous compound enrichment bacterial agent.

[0033] 4. Fermentation process The total fermentation cycle is 28 days, with a stable high-temperature section of 60-65℃ to ensure uniform composting of materials on a large scale.

[0034] 5. Finished product effect With 46.5% organic matter and a rich and stable microbial community, it is suitable for application as a base fertilizer in fields of wheat, corn, and rice. It can effectively improve soil in continuous cropping, enhance soil fertility, and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used by more than 30%.

[0035] Comparative treatment of traditional bedding material directly returned to the field The same raw materials for bedding are directly crushed and returned to the field without secondary enrichment or gradient high-temperature composting.

[0036] Field trials showed the following: localized secondary fermentation and heating of the soil, root burn in a small number of seedlings, abundant weeds in the field, frequent occurrence of soil-borne diseases, weak soil improvement effect, no obvious antibacterial and growth-promoting effect, and fertilizer stability and safety were far lower than those of the product prepared in this invention.

[0037] Table 1. Comparison of the effects of direct return of organic fertilizer prepared by this invention to the field with traditional bedding material.

[0038] As shown in Table 1, all indicators in Examples 1 and 2 meet or exceed national standards, especially in terms of organic matter, viable bacteria count, and degree of harmlessness, which are significantly better than those in the comparative example and commercially available organic fertilizers. The comparative example contained insect eggs and E. coli residues, posing a high safety risk.

[0039] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the framework of the invention, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in the details for the sake of brevity.

[0040] This invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing highly active bio-organic fertilizer based on multi-microbial community ecological fermentation bedding material, characterized in that, Using aged bedding material from ecological fermentation beds with various natural microbial communities as the core raw material, a highly active bio-organic fertilizer is produced through the following steps: sorting and conditioning, secondary microbial enrichment fermentation, gradient high-temperature harmless composting, natural aging, crushing and granulation, screening and packaging. (1) Raw material screening and sorting: Select the aged bedding material in the lower layer of the ecological fermentation bed that has been used for normal breeding for 1 to 3 years, is free from mold, water accumulation and rot, and has completed the in-situ degradation of manure and sewage, and remove stones, plastic impurities and large pieces of unfermented material; (2) Physical conditioning treatment: crush the sorted pad material, pass it through a 10-20 mesh sieve, adjust the moisture content of the raw material to 50%-60%, and test and adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20:1-25:1; (3) Secondary microecological enrichment fermentation: Add special natural compound enrichment agent to the conditioned bedding material, mix evenly and pile into fermentation piles for aerobic secondary enrichment fermentation. (4) Gradient high temperature harmless composting: The segmented temperature-controlled turning process is adopted, which goes through three stages in sequence: heating fermentation, high temperature composting, and cooling stabilization of bacteria, to complete the harmless treatment and deep mineralization of organic matter. (5) Natural aging for stable effect: After the fermentation is completed, spread it out to cool and ventilate for 10-15 days until the material is loose, dry, odorless, and uniformly dark brown in color; (6) Refined Fertilizer Production: Aged qualified materials are crushed, screened, granulated at low temperature, dried and cooled, screened and packaged to obtain finished high-activity bio-organic fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing highly active bio-organic fertilizer based on multi-microbial community ecological fermentation bedding material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The special natural compound enrichment agent mentioned in step (3) is homologous with the original microbial community of the fermentation bed. It is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, and Actinomycetes, with a total effective viable count of ≥18 billion CFU / g. The amount of enrichment agent added is 0.2% to 0.5% of the total mass of the bedding material.

3. The method for preparing highly active bio-organic fertilizer based on multi-microbial community ecological fermentation bedding material according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (3) The initial ambient temperature of the secondary enrichment fermentation is ≥10℃. The height of the fermentation stack is controlled at 1.0~1.5m and the width is 2.0~3.0m. A microporous breathable film is used to cover the stack to keep it moist and warm.

4. The method for preparing highly active bio-organic fertilizer based on multi-microbial community ecological fermentation bedding material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gradient high-temperature harmless composting segmented process described in step (4) is as follows: (1) Heating stage 1-3 days: The pile temperature naturally rises to 50-55℃, and the pile is turned over once a day to quickly activate the microbial community and start the decomposition of organic matter; (2) High-temperature composting stage 4-10 days: Maintain the pile temperature at 60-70℃, turn the pile over once every 2 days to ensure uniform high temperature and thoroughly kill roundworm eggs, Escherichia coli, harmful bacteria and grass seeds; (3) Cooling and stabilizing stage 11-15 days: Stop forced turning of the pile, and the pile temperature naturally drops to 40-45℃. The microbial community colonizes and accumulates, and the deep decomposition of organic matter and nutrient transformation are completed.

5. The method for preparing highly active bio-organic fertilizer based on multi-microbial community ecological fermentation bedding material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pH value is maintained at 6.5-7.5 throughout the fermentation process, the total fermentation cycle is 25-30 days, the organic matter content of the material after fermentation is ≥45%, the number of effective live bacteria is ≥0.2 billion CFU / g, the mortality rate of roundworm eggs is 100%, and the number of fecal coliforms is ≤100 CFU / g.

6. The method for preparing highly active bio-organic fertilizer based on multi-microbial community ecological fermentation bedding material according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (6) The fine processing process adopts low-temperature drying, with a drying temperature of ≤60℃, to avoid high-temperature inactivation of functional microorganisms, and the moisture content of the finished organic fertilizer is ≤30%.

7. A multi-microbial fermentation bed ecological bio-organic fertilizer prepared according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The organic fertilizer raw materials are all derived from natural microbial fermentation bed aging bedding materials; the fertilizer contains a complex of beneficial bacteria including lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus, and actinomycetes, and has both fast-acting nutrients and slow-release humus.

8. The application of the multi-microbial fermentation bed ecological bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that, This organic fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer, basal fertilizer, and / or top dressing. It is suitable for grain crops, fruits and vegetables, flowers and seedlings, Chinese medicinal herbs, and greenhouse agriculture.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The food crops include one or more of wheat, rice, corn, oats, rye, barley, and sorghum.

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