Method for electrochemical synthesis of 2-pyridyl phenylmethanol compounds by using a single-atom zinc modified electrode

Abstract

The application discloses a method for electrochemically synthesizing 2-pyridyl benzyl alcohol compounds by using a single-atom zinc modified electrode, and belongs to the technical field of compound synthesis. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a Zn-N4@CNT electrode; placing A, B, p-toluenesulfonic acid, N,N-diisopropylethylamine and an electrolyte in a three-necked round-bottom flask, then adding a solvent, assembling the Zn-N4@CNT electrode as a cathode and carbon cloth as an anode in the three-necked round-bottom flask, and performing electrolysis in an argon environment until the substrate is completely consumed; after the reaction is completed, the product is extracted, the organic phases are combined, the organic phase is washed, dried, concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified to obtain 2-pyridyl benzyl alcohol compounds. The method for electrochemically synthesizing 2-pyridyl benzyl alcohol compounds by using the single-atom zinc modified electrode successfully realizes one-step construction of a bisacodyl key intermediate, and can accurately complete C2-H hydroxymethylation modification of deteoxiquin and etofibrate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of compound synthesis technology, and in particular to a method for the electrochemical synthesis of 2-pyridinephenylmethanol compounds using a single-atom zinc-modified electrode. Background Technology

[0002] Pyridine is a core heterocyclic skeleton in FDA-approved drugs, pesticides, ligands, and functional materials, with approximately 90% of pyridine drug molecules having a substituent at the C2 position. The introduction of a hydroxymethyl functional group can significantly improve the water solubility and bioavailability of pyridine compounds, and 2-pyridine methanol derivatives are key intermediates in the synthesis of drugs such as bisacodyl.

[0003] 2-Pyridinephenylethanol derivatives are widely found in drug molecules and natural products. For example, betasine besylate is an antihistamine primarily used to treat allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and pruritus, etc. It works by selectively inhibiting histamine H1 receptors, blocking histamine-induced skin reactions and inflammatory cell infiltration. Triptoridine, also known as 2-[(E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(1-pyrrolyl)-1-propenyl]pyridine, is a piperidine antihistamine that competes with histamine for H1 receptors on effector cells, completely preventing histamine from binding to H1 receptors and thus inhibiting allergic reactions. Doxylamine is an ethanol-based antihistamine, belonging to the histamine H1 receptor antagonist class, and has antihistamine and sedative-hypnotic effects.

[0004] Currently, the main synthetic methods for 2-pyridine methanol compounds include: nucleophilic addition reactions of aryl aldehydes and ketones with organometallic reagents, hydrogenation reduction reactions of 2-benzoylpyridine compounds, and Minisilicate nucleophilic addition reactions of formaldehyde with nitrogen heterocycles. However, these methods generally rely on noble metal catalysts or strong acid media, resulting in significant drawbacks such as poor environmental friendliness. Therefore, developing mild and green pyridine hydroxymethylation methods has important academic value and application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for the electrochemical synthesis of 2-pyridinephenylmethanol compounds using a single-atom zinc-modified electrode. This method employs mild reaction conditions, eliminates the need for organometallic reagents and strong acids, and avoids the dependence on harsh reaction conditions inherent in traditional methods. Furthermore, this green synthetic strategy allows for the one-step construction of key intermediates like bisacodyl, and enables precise C2-H hydroxymethylation modification of detoxifying agents (herbicides) and etopofibrate (lipid-lowering drugs). This innovative strategy not only overcomes the technical bottleneck of selective modification of the C2 position of traditional pyridines but also provides a sustainable new pathway for the precise modification of drug molecules and the efficient synthesis of complex intermediates, demonstrating significant application prospects in the fields of pharmaceutical chemistry and green chemistry.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for the electrochemical synthesis of 2-pyridinephenylmethanol compounds using a single-atom zinc-modified electrode. The general formula for the synthesis method is as follows: ; Among them, R1, R2, and R3 are each one of aromatic and aliphatic groups; The electrolyte is one of tetrabutylammonium iodide, ammonium iodide, ammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate, and potassium iodide; The solvent is one of acetonitrile, methanol, or ethanol.

[0007] Preferably, it includes the following steps: S1. Prepare a single-atom zinc-modified electrode, namely Zn-N4@CNT electrode; S2. Place A, B, p-toluenesulfonic acid, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and electrolyte in a three-necked round-bottom flask. Then add solvent and assemble a Zn-N4@CNT electrode as the cathode and carbon cloth as the anode in the three-necked round-bottom flask. Electrolyze in an argon atmosphere until the substrate is completely consumed. S3. After the reaction is complete, the product is extracted, the organic phases are combined, washed, dried, concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified to obtain the target product C, namely 2-pyridinephenylmethanol compounds.

[0008] Preferably, the specific operation of S1 is as follows: S11. Activation of carbon nanotubes: 2g of carbon nanotubes were added to 100mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and stirred at 60℃ for 6h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was slowly poured into 500mL of deionized water for dilution and centrifuged to obtain acid-activated carbon nanotube powder. The powder was washed 5 times with deionized water until neutral and then vacuum dried at 80℃ for 12h. After vacuum drying, the powder was heated to 150℃ using a tube furnace at a rate of 10℃ / min and pyrolyzed at 150℃ for 2h under an argon atmosphere to obtain acid-treated carbon nanotubes. S12. Synthesis of single-atom zinc catalyst: 149 mg of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 186 mg of 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-bipyridine were stirred in 40 mL of ethanol at room temperature for 30 min; then 800 mg of acid-treated carbon nanotubes were added, and the resulting mixture was refluxed for 4 h; after cooling to room temperature, the ethanol solution was removed by rotary evaporation, and the remaining solid composite was vacuum dried at 75 °C for 12 h, and then ground into fine particles; the ground powder was heated to 800 °C at a rate of 5 °C / min and pyrolyzed at 800 °C for 2 h under an argon atmosphere; after cooling to room temperature, a black powdery catalyst material was obtained, named Zn-N4@CNT; S13. Preparation of single-atom zinc-modified electrode: 5 mg Zn-N4@CNT was dispersed in 0.4 mL of a mixed solution prepared from 30 mg polyvinylidene fluoride, 300 μL deionized water, and 80 μL isopropanol to prepare catalyst ink; a conductive carbon paper with a size of 1.2 cm × 1.0 cm was cleaned with anhydrous ethanol, placed on a support, and a heating lamp was turned on. Under the premise of heating and drying, the catalyst ink was dropped onto the carbon paper with a pipette, 3 drops at a time. After the ink dried, the drops were added again until the catalyst ink was completely and uniformly dispersed on the surface of the carbon paper to obtain the Zn-N4@CNT electrode.

[0009] Preferably, in S2, the molar ratio of A, B, electrolyte, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine is 4.5:1:2:3:3, the amount of solvent used is 8 mL, the electrolysis current is 10-30 mA, the electrolysis temperature is 30-60 °C, and the electrolysis time is 11 h.

[0010] Furthermore, the Zn-N4@CNT electrode has a size of 1.0cm × 1.0cm, and the carbon cloth has a size of 1.0cm × 1.0cm.

[0011] Preferably, in S3, the extraction is performed using ethyl acetate, with three extractions using 10 mL of ethyl acetate each time.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, saturated brine is used for washing, and anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for drying.

[0013] Preferably, in S3, purification is performed using silica gel column chromatography, with the eluent being an ethyl acetate / petroleum ether system, where the volume ratio of ethyl acetate to petroleum ether is 1:5.

[0014] Therefore, this invention employs a method for the electrochemical synthesis of 2-pyridinephenylmethanol compounds using a single-atom zinc-modified electrode. The reaction conditions are mild, eliminating the need for organometallic reagents and strong acids, thus avoiding the dependence on harsh reaction conditions inherent in traditional methods. Furthermore, this green synthesis strategy allows for the one-step construction of key intermediates like bisacodyl, and enables precise C2-H hydroxymethylation modification of detoxifying agents (herbicides) and etopofibrate (lipid-lowering drugs). This innovative strategy not only overcomes the technical bottleneck of selective modification at the C2 position of traditional pyridines but also provides a sustainable new pathway for the precise modification of drug molecules and the efficient synthesis of complex intermediates, demonstrating significant application prospects in the fields of pharmaceutical chemistry and green chemistry.

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated by the following embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be considered equivalent substitutions and are included within the protection scope of the present invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the contents of this invention, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims and are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0017] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The term "embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it specifically limit its independence or connection with other embodiments. In principle, in this application, as long as there are no technical contradictions or conflicts, the technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way to form corresponding implementable technical solutions.

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the use of related terms herein is merely for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit this application.

[0019] In this invention, unless otherwise specified, all other test materials and instruments are conventional test materials in the field and can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0020] The preparation of a single-atom zinc-modified electrode includes the following steps: Step 1: Activation of carbon nanotubes: Add 2g of carbon nanotubes to 100mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and stir at 60℃ for 6h; after cooling to room temperature, slowly pour the mixture into 500mL of deionized water to dilute, and centrifuge to obtain acid-activated carbon nanotube powder; add deionized water to the powder and wash 5 times until neutral, and then vacuum dry at 80℃ for 12h; after vacuum drying, use a tube furnace to heat the powder to 150℃ at a rate of 10℃ / min, and pyrolyze at 150℃ for 2h under argon atmosphere to obtain acid-treated carbon nanotubes; Step 2: Synthesis of the single-atom zinc catalyst: 149 mg of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 186 mg of 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-bipyridine were stirred in 40 mL of ethanol at room temperature for 30 min; then 800 mg of acid-treated carbon nanotubes were added, and the resulting mixture was refluxed for 4 h; after cooling to room temperature, the ethanol solution was removed by rotary evaporation, and the remaining solid composite was vacuum dried at 75 °C for 12 h, and then ground into fine particles; the ground powder was heated to 800 °C at a rate of 5 °C / min and pyrolyzed at 800 °C for 2 h under an argon atmosphere; after cooling to room temperature, a black powdery catalyst material was obtained, named Zn-N4@CNT; Step 3: Preparation of the single-atom zinc-modified electrode: 5 mg Zn-N4@CNT was dispersed in 0.4 mL of a mixed solution prepared from 30 mg polyvinylidene fluoride, 300 μL deionized water, and 80 μL isopropanol to prepare catalyst ink; a conductive carbon paper measuring 1.2 cm × 1.0 cm was cleaned with anhydrous ethanol by sonication for 10 min followed by soaking for at least 20 min; the cleaned carbon paper was placed on a support, and a heating lamp was turned on. Under the condition of heating and drying, the catalyst ink was dropped onto the carbon paper with a pipette, 3 drops at a time, and the ink was allowed to dry before continuing to drop until the catalyst ink was completely and evenly dispersed on the surface of the carbon paper, thus obtaining the Zn-N4@CNT electrode.

[0021] Example 1 The structural formula of phenyl(4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)methanol (C1) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol benzaldehyde, 1.35 mmol tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, dissolved in 8 mL acetonitrile. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode was used as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under constant current of 13 mA, argon protection, and stirring at 35 °C for 11 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate three times, each time using 10 mL of ethyl acetate, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C1.

[0022] Product characterization: Yellow oil (66.6 mg, 85% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethylacetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d ) δ 8.52 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H),7.48 - 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.39 - 7.33 (m, 6H), 7.30 - 7.25 (m, 3H), 7.18 (d, J = 8.3Hz, 1H), 5.76 (s, 1H), 4.42 (s, 1H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 161.69,149.71, 148.26, 143.18, 138.02, 129.34, 129.20, 128.74, 127.99, 127.21,127.17, 120.86, 119.40, 75.31.HRMS (ESI): Calculated for C 18 H 16 NO [M+H + ] =262.1226, found = 262.1219. Example 2 The structural formula of (4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)(o-tolyl)methanol (C2) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol of 2-methylbenzaldehyde, 1.35 mmol of tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol of N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol of tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, and 8 mL of acetonitrile was added to dissolve them. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode was used as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under constant current of 13 mA, argon protection, and stirring at 35 °C for 11 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate three times, each time using 10 mL of ethyl acetate, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C2.

[0023] Product characterization: Yellow oil (56.1 mg, 68% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 8.53 (d, J= 5.2Hz, 1H), 7.46 - 7.42 (m, 2H), 7.37 - 7.30 (m, 4H), 7.22 - 7.19 (m, 1H), 7.16(d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.13 - 7.07 (m, 3H), 5.96 (s, 1H), 4.80 (s, 1H), 2.30 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 161.73, 149.51, 148.32, 140.76, 138.06,136.42, 131.01, 129.28, 129.17, 128.17, 127.99, 127.19, 126.33, 120.70,119.15, 73.09, 19.69. HRMS (ESI): Calculated for C 19 H 18 NO [M+H + ] = 276.1383, found = 276.1379. Example 3 The structural formula of (4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)(m-tolyl)methanol (C3) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol of 3-methylbenzaldehyde, 1.35 mmol of tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol of N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol of tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, and 8 mL of acetonitrile was added to dissolve them. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode was used as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under constant current of 13 mA, argon protection, and stirring at 35 °C for 11 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate three times, each time using 10 mL of ethyl acetate, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C3.

[0024] Product characterization: Yellow oil (66.0 mg, 80% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d) δ 8.50 (d, J = 5.0Hz, 1H), 7.48 - 7.44 (m, 2H), 7.38 - 7.30 (m, 5H), 7.16 - 7.12 (m, 3H), 7.02- 6.97 (m, 1H), 5.70 (s, 1H), 4.87 (s, 1H), 2.23 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform) -d ) δ 161.79, 149.49, 148.31, 143.21, 138.40, 138.09, 129.26,129.16, 128.75, 128.58, 127.78, 127.20, 124.30, 120.75, 119.25, 75.35, 21.58.HRMS (ESI): Calculated for C 19 H 18 NO [M+H + ] = 276.1383, found = 276.1377. Example 4 The structural formula of (4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)(p-tolyl)methanol (C4) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol of 4-methylbenzaldehyde, 1.35 mmol of tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol of N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol of tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, dissolved in 8 mL of acetonitrile. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under constant current of 13 mA, argon protection, and stirring at 35 °C for 11 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was extracted three times with 10 mL of ethyl acetate each time, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C4.

[0025] Product characterization: Yellow oil (67.7 mg, 82% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 8.47 (d,J = 6.0Hz, 1H), 7.47 - 7.42 (m, 2H), 7.36 - 7.28 (m, 5H), 7.21 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.04 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 5.70 (s, 1H), 5.01 (s, 1H), 2.22 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 161.97, 149.45, 148.30, 140.39, 138.08, 137.58,129.38, 129.22, 129.13, 127.17, 127.08, 120.67, 119.20, 75.16, 21.25. HRMS(ESI): Calculated for C 19 H 18 NO [M+H + ] = 276.1383, found = 276.1376. Example 5 The structural formula of (4-methoxyphenyl)(4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)methanol (C5) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol of 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 1.35 mmol of tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol of N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol of tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, and 8 mL of acetonitrile was added to dissolve them. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode was used as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under constant current of 20 mA, argon protection, and stirring at 50 °C for 11 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate three times, each time using 10 mL of ethyl acetate, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C5.

[0026] Product characterization: Yellow oil (76.0 mg, 87% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 8.46 (d,J = 5.7Hz, 1H), 7.47 - 7.42 (m, 2H), 7.38 - 7.30 (m, 3H), 7.28 (d, J = 3.1 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.76 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 5.69 (s, 1H), 4.92 (s, 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 162.12, 159.28, 149.41, 148.29,138.04, 135.53, 129.21, 129.12, 128.43, 127.13, 120.60, 119.13, 114.05,74.91, 55.29. HRMS (ESI): Calculated for C 19 H 18 NO [M+H + ] = 292.1332, found =292.1334. Example 6 The structural formula of (4-dimethylaminophenyl)(4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)methanol (C6) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 1.35 mmol of tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol of N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol of tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, dissolved in 8 mL of acetonitrile. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under constant current of 20 mA and argon protection at 50 °C with stirring for 11 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was extracted three times with 10 mL of ethyl acetate each time, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C6.

[0027] Product characterization: Yellow oil (71.2 mg, 78% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 8.58 (d, J = 5.9Hz, 1H), 7.57 - 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.46 - 7.40 (m, 3H), 7.38 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.69 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 5.75 (s, 1H), 4.81 (s, 1H), 2.91 (s, 6H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 162.36, 150.30, 149.26, 148.14,138.15, 131.19, 129.04, 128.13, 127.14, 120.42, 119.19, 112.65, 75.04, 40.63.HRMS (ESI): Calculated for C 20 H 21 N2O [M+H + ] = 305.1648, found = 305.1656. Example 7 The structural formula of methyl 3-(hydroxy(4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)benzoate (C7) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol of methyl 3-formaldehyde benzoate, 1.35 mmol of tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol of N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol of tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, dissolved in 8 mL of acetonitrile. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode was used as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under constant current of 10 mA and argon protection at 40 °C with stirring for 11 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate three times, each time using 10 mL of ethyl acetate, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C7.

[0028] Product characterization: Yellow oil (62.2 mg, 65% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 8.49 (d, J = 5.2Hz, 1H), 8.05 (t, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.88 - 7.84 (m, 1H), 7.56 - 7.53 (m, 1H), 7.46 - 7.43 (m, 2H), 7.37 - 7.31 (m, 5H), 7.29 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 5.80 (s,1H), 5.55 (s, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 166.99,161.21, 149.78, 148.41, 143.71, 137.84, 131.65, 130.52, 129.35, 129.18,128.82, 128.24, 127.16, 120.99, 119.23, 74.92, 52.22. HRMS (ESI): Calculatedfor C 20 H 18 NO3[M+H + ] = 320.1281, found = 320.1273. Example 8 The structural formula of (4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)methanol (C8) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol of 3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde, 1.35 mmol of tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol of N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol of tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, dissolved in 8 mL of acetonitrile. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under constant current of 13 mA and argon protection at 40 °C with stirring for 11 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was extracted three times with 10 mL of ethyl acetate each time, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C8.

[0029] Product characterization: Yellow oil (51.3 mg, 52% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 8.50 (d, J = 5.2Hz, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.48 - 7.44 (m, 3H), 7.39 -7.36 (m, 2H), 7.35 (t, J = 3.2 Hz, 3H), 7.28 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 5.78 (s, 1H), 5.19 (s, 1H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 160.79, 149.91, 148.59, 144.29,137.86, 131.05 (q, J = 32.3 Hz), 130.53, 129.47, 129.27, 129.19, 127.20, 124.85(q, J = 4 Hz), 124.19 (q, J = 272.7 Hz), 123.92 (q, J = 4 Hz), 121.20, 119.21,74.78. 19 F NMR (376 MHz, Chloroform- d) δ -62.51. HRMS (ESI): Calculated forC 19 H 15 FNO [M+H + ] = 330.1100, found = 330.1101. Example 9 The structural formula of (4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methanol (C9) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 1.35 mmol of tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol of N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol of tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, dissolved in 8 mL of acetonitrile. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under constant current of 25 mA and argon protection at 60 °C with stirring for 11 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was extracted three times with 10 mL of ethyl acetate each time, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C9.

[0030] Product characterization: Yellow oil (78.0 mg, 74% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 8.47 (d, J = 5.2Hz, 1H), 7.49 - 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.36 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.35 - 7.28 (m, 3H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.58 (s, 2H), 5.70 (s, 1H), 3.72 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 9H). 13 C NMR (101MHz, Chloroform- d) δ 161.74, 153.32, 149.75, 148.13, 138.56, 137.78, 137.44,129.33, 129.14, 127.07, 120.81, 119.13, 103.96, 75.44, 60.78, 56.09. HRMS(ESI): Calculated for C 21 H 22 NO4[M+H + ] = 352.1543, found = 352.1553. Example 10 The structural formula of 2-naphthyl(4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)methanol (C10) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol of 2-naphthaldehyde, 1.35 mmol of tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol of N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol of tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, dissolved in 8 mL of acetonitrile. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode was used as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under constant current of 10 mA and argon protection at 40 °C with stirring for 11 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate three times, each time using 10 mL of ethyl acetate, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C10.

[0031] Product characterization: Yellow oil (48.5 mg, 52% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 8.53 (d, J = 5.2Hz, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.74 (dd, J = 18.1, 8.7 Hz, 3H), 7.45 - 7.41 (m, 2H), 7.40 - 7.36 (m, 3H), 7.32 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 5H), 5.90 (s, 1H), 5.05 (s, 1H). 13 CNMR (101 MHz, Chloroform-d ) δ 161.51, 149.65, 148.35, 140.60, 137.98, 133.40,133.22, 129.30, 129.17, 128.71, 128.18, 127.82, 127.20, 126.30, 126.27,126.14, 124.95, 120.89, 119.43, 75.46. HRMS (ESI): Calculated for C 22 H 18 NO [M+H + ] = 312.1383, found = 312.1372. Example 11 The structural formula of (4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)(2-thienyl)methanol (C11) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol of 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 1.35 mmol of tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol of N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol of tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, and 8 mL of acetonitrile was added to dissolve them. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode was used as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under constant current of 10 mA and argon protection at 30 °C for 11 h with stirring. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate three times, each time using 10 mL of ethyl acetate, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C11.

[0032] Product characterization: Yellow oil (40.1 mg, 50% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 8.54 (d, J = 5.2Hz, 1H), 7.59 - 7.56 (m, 2H), 7.52 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.47 - 7.41 (m, 4H), 7.23 (dd, J = 5.1, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (d, J= 3.5 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (dd, J = 5.1, 3.5Hz, 1H), 6.08 (s, 1H), 4.73 (s, 1H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 160.96,149.69, 148.46, 147.24, 137.88, 129.34, 129.18, 127.16, 126.75, 125.73,125.29, 121.06, 119.07, 71.32. HRMS (ESI): Calculated for C 16 H 14 NOS [M+H + ] =268.0791, found = 268.0797. Example 12 The structural formula of 2-furanyl(4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)methanol (C12) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol furfural, 1.35 mmol tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, dissolved in 8 mL acetonitrile. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode was used as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under constant current of 10 mA and argon protection at 30 °C with stirring for 11 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate three times, each time using 10 mL of ethyl acetate, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C12.

[0033] Product characterization: Yellow oil (44.4 mg, 59% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 8.53 (d, J = 5.2Hz, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J= 7.9, 1.7 Hz, 2H), 7.43 - 7.36 (m, 5H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 6.26 - 6.21 (m, 2H), 5.80 (s, 1H), 4.92 (s, 1H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 158.81, 155.27, 149.64, 148.54, 142.87, 137.97, 129.38, 129.24, 127.23,121.24, 119.28, 110.42, 107.80, 68.99. HRMS (ESI): Calculated for C 16 H 14 NO2[M+H + ] = 252.1019, found = 252.1019. Example 13 The structural formula of 1-phenyl-1-(4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)ethanol (C13) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol acetophenone, 1.35 mmol tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, dissolved in 8 mL acetonitrile. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode was used as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under constant current of 15 mA and argon protection at 35 °C with stirring for 11 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate three times, each time using 10 mL of ethyl acetate, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C13.

[0034] Product characterization: Yellow oil (66.9 mg, 81% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 8.55 (d, J = 5.2Hz, 1H), 7.57 - 7.53 (m, 3H), 7.50 (d, J= 9.1 Hz, 2H), 7.48 - 7.41 (m, 3H), 7.38 (dd, J = 5.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.24 - 7.21 (m, 1H), 5.82 (s, 1H), 1.99 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 165.54, 149.69,147.92, 147.23, 138.30, 129.27, 129.21, 128.37, 127.25, 127.12, 125.99,120.47, 118.30, 75.38, 29.41. HRMS (ESI): Calculated for C 19 H 18 NO [M+H + ] =276.1383, found = 276.1379. Example 14 The structural formula of 2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-(4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)prop-1-ol (C14) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol isobutyrylbenzene, 1.35 mmol tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, dissolved in 8 mL acetonitrile. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode was used as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under constant current of 15 mA and argon protection at 35 °C with stirring for 11 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate three times, each time using 10 mL of ethyl acetate, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C14.

[0035] Product characterization: Yellow oil (70.0 mg, 77% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 8.41 (d, J= 5.1Hz, 1H), 7.64 - 7.60 (m, 2H), 7.57 - 7.54 (m, 1H), 7.48 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.6 Hz,2H), 7.41 - 7.34 (m, 3H), 7.27 - 7.22 (m, 3H), 7.13 - 7.08 (m, 1H), 6.01 (s,1H), 2.83 (p, J = 6.7 Hz, 1H), 0.89 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 3H), 0.72 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 164.31, 149.75, 147.27, 146.39, 138.43,129.27, 129.23, 128.37, 127.28, 126.65, 126.03, 120.33, 118.39, 79.74, 36.18,17.31, 16.93. HRMS (ESI): Calculated for C 21 H 22 NO [M+H + ] = 304.1696, found =304.1699. Example 15 The structural formula of (4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)di-p-tolylethanol (C15) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol benzophenone, 1.35 mmol tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, dissolved in 8 mL acetonitrile. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode was used as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under constant current of 20 mA and argon protection at 50 °C with stirring for 11 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate three times, each time using 10 mL of ethyl acetate, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C15.

[0036] Product characterization: Yellow oil (74.5 mg, 68% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 8.62 (d, J = 5.1Hz, 1H), 7.52 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.8 Hz, 2H), 7.47 - 7.42 (m, 4H), 7.34 (d, J = 1.7Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 4H), 7.12 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 2.34 (s, 6H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 164.40, 149.06, 148.07, 143.43,138.21, 137.06, 129.32, 129.22, 128.81, 128.20, 127.31, 120.80, 120.61,80.90, 21.21. HRMS (ESI): Calculated for C 26 H 24 NO [M+H + ] = 366.1852, found =366.1854. Example 16 The structural formula of 2-((5-chloro-2-(1-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)quinolin-8-yl)oxy)heptyl acetate-2-ester (C16) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol of antitoxin quinone, 1.35 mmol of tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol of N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol of tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, and 8 mL of acetonitrile was added to dissolve them. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode was used as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under a constant current of 12 mA and argon protection at 50 °C with stirring for 11 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate three times, each time using 10 mL of ethyl acetate, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C16.

[0037] Product characterization: Yellow oil (83.4 mg, 61% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 8.44 (d, J = 8.9Hz, 1H), 7.56 - 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.48 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (dd, J = 8.3, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 7.26 - 7.21 (m, 1H), 6.99 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 5.11 - 5.03 (m, 1H), 4.90 (s, 2H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.68 - 1.59(m, 2H), 1.55 - 1.47 (m, 1H), 1.28 - 1.23 (m, 8H), 0.88 - 0.84 (m, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform- d) δ 175.41, 168.53, 164.44, 152.90, 146.28, 138.39,134.56, 128.47, 127.43, 126.43, 126.29, 123.89, 120.09, 111.91, 75.52, 72.94,67.29, 35.90, 31.67, 28.84, 28.82, 25.12, 22.65, 20.08, 14.11. HRMS (ESI):Calculated for C 26 H 31 ClNO4[M+H + ] = 456.1936, found = 456.1938. Example 17 The structural formula of 6-(1-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)nicotinic acid 2-((2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionyl)oxy)ethyl ester (C17) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol etoposide, 1.35 mmol tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, dissolved in 8 mL acetonitrile. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode was used as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under constant current of 30 mA and argon protection at 60 °C with stirring for 11 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate three times, each time using 10 mL of ethyl acetate, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether volume ratio = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C17.

[0038] Product characterization: Yellow oil (76.9 mg, 53% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 8.98 (d, J = 1.3Hz, 1H), 8.06 (dd, J= 8.3, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.50 - 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.37 - 7.31 (m,3H), 7.25 - 7.19 (m, 1H), 7.09 - 7.05 (m, 2H), 6.76 - 6.70 (m, 2H), 5.51 (s,1H), 4.55 - 4.48 (m, 4H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 1.59 (s, 6H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 174.09, 169.45, 164.69, 154.04, 149.12, 146.34, 138.16,129.28, 128.50, 127.44, 127.26, 126.00, 124.14, 120.16, 120.08, 79.36, 75.68,63.13, 62.84, 29.17, 25.41. HRMS (ESI): Calculated for C 26 H 27 ClNO6[M+H + ] =484.1521, found = 484.1519. Example 18 The structural formula of (hydroxy(4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)methylene)bis(4,1-phenylene)diacetate (C18) is: ; The preparation method is as follows: 0.3 mmol of carbonyl bis(4,1-phenylene)diacetate, 1.35 mmol of tetraphenylpyridine, 0.9 mmol of p-toluenesulfonic acid, 0.9 mmol of N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 0.6 mmol of tetrabutylammonium iodide were added to a 10 mL three-necked flask, dissolved in 8 mL of acetonitrile. A carbon rod was used as the anode, and a Zn-N4@CNT electrode as the cathode. The reaction was carried out under constant current of 25 mA, argon protection, and stirring at 50 °C for 11 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was extracted three times with 10 mL of ethyl acetate each time, and the organic phases were combined. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, ethyl acetate / petroleum ether = 1:5) to obtain a yellow liquid C18.

[0039] Product characterization: Yellow oil (87.1 mg, 64% yield); TLC (petroleum ether : ethyl acetate = 5:1 - 3:1). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 8.61 (d, J = 5.2Hz, 1H), 7.51 (dd, J = 7.9, 1.8 Hz, 2H), 7.47 - 7.43 (m, 4H), 7.37 - 7.32 (m,5H), 7.06 - 7.02 (m, 4H), 6.35 (s, 1H), 2.28 (s, 6H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 169.46, 163.46, 150.08, 149.38, 148.22, 143.54, 137.93,129.45, 129.29, 127.29, 121.16, 120.93, 120.73, 80.51, 21.30. HRMS (ESI):Calculated for C 28 H 24 NO5[M+H + ] = 454.1649, found = 454.1580. Therefore, this invention employs a method for the electrochemical synthesis of 2-pyridinephenylmethanol compounds using a single-atom zinc-modified electrode. The reaction conditions are mild, eliminating the need for organometallic reagents and strong acids, thus avoiding the dependence on harsh reaction conditions inherent in traditional methods. Furthermore, this green synthesis strategy allows for the one-step construction of key intermediates like bisacodyl, and enables precise C2-H hydroxymethylation modification of detoxifying agents (herbicides) and etopofibrate (lipid-lowering drugs). This innovative strategy not only overcomes the technical bottleneck of selective modification at the C2 position of traditional pyridines but also provides a sustainable new pathway for the precise modification of drug molecules and the efficient synthesis of complex intermediates, demonstrating significant application prospects in the fields of pharmaceutical chemistry and green chemistry.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the electrochemical synthesis of 2-pyridinephenylmethanol compounds using a single-atom zinc-modified electrode, characterized in that: The general formula for the synthesis method is: ； Among them, R1, R2, and R3 are each one of aromatic and aliphatic groups; The electrolyte is one of tetrabutylammonium iodide, ammonium iodide, ammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate, and potassium iodide; The solvent is one of acetonitrile, methanol, or ethanol.

2. The method for electrochemical synthesis of 2-pyridinephenylmethanol compounds using a single-atom zinc-modified electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: Specifically, the following steps are included: S1. Prepare a single-atom zinc-modified electrode, namely Zn-N4@CNT electrode; S2. Place A, B, p-toluenesulfonic acid, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and electrolyte in a three-necked round-bottom flask. Then add solvent and assemble a Zn-N4@CNT electrode as the cathode and carbon cloth as the anode in the three-necked round-bottom flask. Electrolyze in an argon atmosphere until the substrate is completely consumed. S3. After the reaction is complete, the product is extracted, the organic phases are combined, washed, dried, concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified to obtain the target product C, namely 2-pyridinephenylmethanol compounds.

3. The method for electrochemical synthesis of 2-pyridinephenylmethanol compounds using a single-atom zinc-modified electrode according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific operation of S1 is as follows: S11. Activation of carbon nanotubes: 2g of carbon nanotubes were added to 100mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and stirred at 60℃ for 6h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was slowly poured into 500mL of deionized water for dilution and centrifuged to obtain acid-activated carbon nanotube powder. The powder was washed 5 times with deionized water until neutral and then vacuum dried at 80℃ for 12h. After vacuum drying, the powder was heated to 150℃ using a tube furnace at a rate of 10℃ / min and pyrolyzed at 150℃ for 2h under an argon atmosphere to obtain acid-treated carbon nanotubes. S12. Synthesis of single-atom zinc catalyst: 149 mg of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 186 mg of 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-bipyridine were stirred in 40 mL of ethanol at room temperature for 30 min; then 800 mg of acid-treated carbon nanotubes were added, and the resulting mixture was refluxed for 4 h; after cooling to room temperature, the ethanol solution was removed by rotary evaporation, and the remaining solid composite was vacuum dried at 75 °C for 12 h, and then ground into fine particles; the ground powder was heated to 800 °C at a rate of 5 °C / min and pyrolyzed at 800 °C for 2 h under an argon atmosphere; after cooling to room temperature, a black powdery catalyst material was obtained, named Zn-N4@CNT; S13. Preparation of single-atom zinc-modified electrode: 5 mg Zn-N4@CNT was dispersed in 0.4 mL of a mixed solution prepared from 30 mg polyvinylidene fluoride, 300 μL deionized water, and 80 μL isopropanol to prepare catalyst ink; a conductive carbon paper with a size of 1.2 cm × 1.0 cm was cleaned with anhydrous ethanol, placed on a support, and a heating lamp was turned on. Under the premise of heating and drying, the catalyst ink was dropped onto the carbon paper with a pipette, 3 drops at a time. After the ink dried, the drops were added again until the catalyst ink was completely and uniformly dispersed on the surface of the carbon paper to obtain the Zn-N4@CNT electrode.

4. The method for electrochemical synthesis of 2-pyridinephenylmethanol compounds using a single-atom zinc-modified electrode according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S2, the molar ratio of A, B, electrolyte, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine is 4.5:1:2:3:3, the solvent volume is 8 mL, the electrolysis current is 10-30 mA, the electrolysis temperature is 30-60 °C, and the electrolysis time is 11 h.

5. The method for electrochemical synthesis of 2-pyridinephenylmethanol compounds using a single-atom zinc-modified electrode according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S3, extraction was performed using ethyl acetate, with three extractions using 10 mL of ethyl acetate each time.

6. The method for electrochemical synthesis of 2-pyridinephenylmethanol compounds using a single-atom zinc-modified electrode according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S3, saturated brine is used for washing, and anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for drying.

7. The method for electrochemical synthesis of 2-pyridinephenylmethanol compounds using a single-atom zinc-modified electrode according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S3, purification was performed using silica gel column chromatography with an ethyl acetate / petroleum ether eluent system at a volume ratio of 1:5.

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