A screw anchor self-adapting assembly counterforce system and a mounting method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a spiral anchor self-adaptive assembly counterforce system and a mounting method thereof. The system comprises a modular counterforce frame used for providing a positioning reference for installation of the spiral anchor, and a plurality of spiral anchors capable of being independently driven into the foundation by a general torque driving device. A connecting portion is arranged on the modular counterforce frame, the shank of the spiral anchor passes through the connecting portion and is fixed with the connecting portion through a detachable locking piece, so that the spiral anchor and the modular counterforce frame cooperatively form the counterforce system. The problems of the prior art, such as transportation difficulty, slow installation, insufficient flexibility, high failure risk and the like, in the implementation of the counterforce system in a complex site are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pile foundation testing technology, and in particular to a spiral anchor adaptive assembly reaction system and its installation method. Background Technology

[0002] Static load testing of pile foundations is the core method for determining the vertical compressive bearing capacity of a single pile. The quality of the reaction system directly affects the reliability of the test results and the efficiency of the project. Traditional surcharge methods rely heavily on counterweight materials such as sandbags and concrete blocks. These materials are heavy and numerous, requiring heavy vehicles and large hoisting equipment for transportation. This places stringent demands on the road conditions and foundation bearing capacity at the construction site, making it difficult to implement in mountainous areas, soft soil areas, or densely populated urban areas. The layer-by-layer stacking and assembly of counterweights is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, extending the testing cycle, but also poses safety risks due to high-altitude operations and potential instability issues. Furthermore, it occupies a large amount of site space, and the materials are often discarded after the test, resulting in resource waste and environmental pollution. In addition, different tonnage tests require reconfiguration of the counterweights, lacking system flexibility and unable to adapt to the needs of continuous multi-point testing, making it almost impossible to operate in narrow spaces, on slopes, or areas with dense underground pipelines. While the anchor pile reaction method avoids surcharges, its applicability is limited by the number and bearing capacity of available engineering piles on site. The ground anchor reaction method uses driven or screwed anchors to provide reaction force. Although it has the advantages of flexible arrangement and recyclability, the existing fixed or pre-embedded design has a long construction cycle, the magnitude of the reaction force is difficult to dynamically adjust, and the loading process lacks a real-time collaborative control mechanism.

[0003] In recent years, helical anchor technology has been introduced into reaction systems due to its convenient construction, high load-bearing capacity, reusability, and minimal environmental impact. However, existing integrated equipment, such as the combination of a tracked chassis and a built-in piling mechanism, suffers from structural rigidity leading to poor adaptability. Its fixed mechanical design is difficult to flexibly expand according to geological conditions and test tonnage; the built-in power source is prone to failure in complex field conditions and cannot be replaced by general-purpose engineering machinery, becoming paralyzed upon encountering isolated boulders or hard rock; the highly coupled hydraulic walking system and piling mechanism increase manufacturing and maintenance costs, resulting in high equipment depreciation and low asset turnover efficiency. These shortcomings prevent existing technologies from simultaneously meeting the requirements of lightweight, modularity, and high economic efficiency, causing reaction systems to face bottlenecks such as transportation difficulties, slow installation, insufficient flexibility, and high failure risks in complex sites, severely restricting the timeliness and universality of pile foundation testing. Therefore, existing technologies urgently need improvement to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the existing technologies, this invention provides a spiral anchor adaptive assembly reaction force system and its installation method, which solves the problems of transportation difficulties, slow installation, insufficient flexibility and high failure risk of existing reaction force systems in complex sites.

[0005] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution: A helical anchor adaptive assembly reaction force system includes: Modular reaction frame, used to provide positioning reference for the installation of helical anchors; Several helical anchors, each capable of being independently driven into the foundation by a universal torque drive device; The modular reaction frame is provided with a connecting part, and the rod of the helical anchor passes through the connecting part and is fixed to the connecting part by a detachable locking member, so that the helical anchor and the modular reaction frame work together to form the reaction system.

[0006] Furthermore, the connecting portion includes a semi-circular hoop that is detachably mounted on the modular reaction frame.

[0007] Furthermore, the connecting portion includes a reserved hole provided on the modular reaction frame.

[0008] Furthermore, the locking element is a pin, and the top of the spiral anchor is provided with a through hole adapted to the pin. The pin is adapted to pass through the through hole. In the locked state, the two ends of the pin extend from the through hole and abut against the semi-ring hoop respectively, so that the spiral anchor, the modular reaction frame and the semi-ring hoop cooperate with each other to bear force.

[0009] Furthermore, the modular reaction frame is provided with multiple mounting positions, and the semi-circular hoop can be selectively fixed to different mounting positions by fasteners.

[0010] Furthermore, the top of the spiral anchor is provided with a torque-applying connection for detachable connection with a universal torque drive device.

[0011] Furthermore, the modular reaction frame includes a prefabricated frame beam and a main beam that can be detachably installed on the prefabricated frame beam, and the main beam is provided with a connecting device for installing test piles.

[0012] An installation method for a helical anchor adaptive assembly reaction system, employing the aforementioned helical anchor adaptive assembly reaction system, includes the following steps: S1. The assembled modular reaction frame is lifted and positioned above the designed pile location using general-purpose lifting equipment; S2: Each spiral anchor is screwed in independently for installation. A torque drive device is mounted on a general-purpose mechanical device, which is then connected to the torque-applying connection at the top of the spiral anchor. Drive each individual helical anchor to rotate independently, allowing it to penetrate the foundation independently; S3: The installed spiral anchor is connected and locked to the modular reaction frame by the locking component, so that the two form a whole that works together to bear the force. S4. Repeat steps S2-S3 until all preset spiral anchors are installed.

[0013] Furthermore, before step S1, step S0 is included, which involves determining the test parameters and the configuration of the helical anchor: Determine the maximum test load required for the static load test, and calculate the total pull-out reaction force required by the reaction system based on the safety factor; Obtain the geological parameters of the construction site and calculate the ultimate pull-out bearing capacity of a single helical anchor based on the geometric parameters of the helical anchor. Based on the total pull-out reaction force and the ultimate pull-out bearing capacity of a single helical anchor, determine the required number of helical anchors and the installation torque of a single helical anchor.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the installation torque of the auger is monitored in real time, and the screwing is stopped when the installation torque reaches the preset design value or the auger reaches the predetermined installation depth.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following: The reaction system of this invention, through its modular frame, universal mechanical auxiliary installation, and detachable connection design, abandons the complex built-in power and walking mechanism, and instead adopts universal engineering machinery to assist construction. Through the flexible assembly of standardized modules, it achieves adaptive matching of reaction configuration, and can adaptively adjust the reaction configuration according to the test load requirements. This design not only significantly reduces equipment manufacturing costs, but also achieves flexible and adaptive matching of reaction force configuration by dynamically increasing or decreasing the number of helical anchors according to the test load requirements through a collaborative mode of "human (general machinery) + machine (modular reaction frame)". It not only completely avoids the dependence on dedicated power sources and complex maintenance problems of integrated equipment, but also has the following significant advantages: convenient transportation (modular component transportation, no need for special vehicles), strong site adaptability (can enter narrow and soft sites), and low cost (using general machinery for construction, reducing equipment depreciation). It effectively solves the problems of transportation difficulties, complex installation, high cost, and poor site adaptability of existing pile foundation static load test reaction force systems, as well as the pain points of poor flexibility and high failure risk of existing integrated ground anchor systems. It is suitable for providing reaction force in pile foundation static load tests in onshore and near-shore areas, and is particularly suitable for complex site conditions where traditional surcharge methods are difficult to implement or costly. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the spiral anchor adaptive assembly reaction force system of the present invention; Figure 2This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the modular reaction frame of the present invention; Figure 3 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the modular reaction frame of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation process of a single helical anchor according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the single spiral anchor structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the spiral anchor and the locking component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the spiral anchor and the modular reaction frame of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the counterweight component of the present invention installed on the modular reaction frame; In the diagram: 1. Modular reaction frame; 11. Frame beam; 12. Main beam; 13. Installation position; 14. Connecting device; 2. Helical anchor; 21. Through hole; 22. Torsion connection; 3. Semi-circular hoop; 4. Locking component; 5. Fastener; 6. Test pile; 7. Counterweight. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided to make the invention more comprehensive and complete, and to fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted.

[0018] The terms used to express position and direction in this invention are illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, but changes can be made as needed, and all such changes are included within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0019] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the present invention provides a helical anchor adaptive assembly reaction force system, comprising: Modular reaction frame 1 is used to provide a positioning reference for the installation of helical anchor 2; Several spiral anchors 2, each of which can be independently driven into the foundation by a universal torque drive device; The modular reaction frame 1 is provided with a connecting part, and the rod of the spiral anchor 2 passes through the connecting part and is fixed to the connecting part by a detachable locking member 4, so that the spiral anchor 2 and the modular reaction frame 1 work together to form the reaction system.

[0020] In this embodiment, the modular reaction frame 1 serves to provide a stable positioning reference for the installation of the helical anchor 2. The modular reaction frame 1 is typically assembled from standardized components, possessing detachable and reconfigurable characteristics to adapt to different test loads and site conditions. The helical anchor 2 is an anchoring component with helical blades, which is screwed into the foundation soil by rotation, utilizing the interlocking action between the helical blades and the soil to provide pull-out bearing capacity. The universal torque drive device is a mechanical device capable of providing rotational torque to drive the helical anchor 2 into or out of the foundation. It is typically a common engineering machinery accessory found on-site, such as a hydraulic torque head mounted on an excavator or crane, characterized by its versatility and lack of the need for specialized equipment.

[0021] Specifically, the installation principle of the reaction system in this embodiment is as follows: First, a suitable modular reaction frame 1 is selected according to the test load requirements. Next, the independent screw-in installation of the helical anchor 2 is carried out. A general-purpose excavator equipped with a hydraulic torque drive device at its front end can be used. This torque drive device is connected to the torque connection part 22 at the top of the first helical anchor 2 through an adapter joint. The rod of the helical anchor 2 is guided through the preset connection part on the modular reaction frame 1. Then, the torque drive device is driven to make the helical anchor 2 rotate independently and gradually screw into the foundation. After the first helical anchor 2 is installed in place, it is connected and locked to the modular reaction frame 1 through a detachable locking piece 4, thereby firmly fixing the helical anchor 2 to the modular reaction frame 1. Subsequently, the above steps of independent screw-in installation and locking of the helical anchor 2 are repeated until all the preset number of helical anchors 2 are installed and connected and locked to the modular reaction frame 1. Thus, all the helical anchors 2 and the modular reaction frame 1 work together to form an integrated reaction system, which can jointly resist the loading reaction force of the test pile 6. The system ensures that the helical anchor 2 can effectively transfer the pull-out force to the reaction frame when under stress by positioning the modular frame and connecting the locking component 4, thereby providing stable and reliable reaction support for static load tests.

[0022] The reaction system of this invention achieves flexible configuration by employing a modular reaction frame 1. Users can flexibly select and assemble frame units of different numbers and sizes according to the test load requirements to adapt to different reaction needs and site constraints. Compared with the traditional surcharge method, which requires a large amount of counterweight material and is difficult to adjust, and the drawbacks of existing integrated equipment structures such as rigidity and poor scalability, this system, through modular design, can achieve adaptive matching of reaction configuration, avoiding resource waste and equipment idleness. In addition, by allowing several helical anchors 2 to be independently driven into the foundation by a universal torque drive device, the system greatly improves the convenience and adaptability of construction. For example, the installation of helical anchors 2 can be carried out using a common excavator equipped with a torque drive device, without relying on special piling equipment or built-in power sources, avoiding the situation where the entire system is paralyzed if the built-in power source of existing integrated equipment fails. The design concept of "separation of structure and construction installation equipment" of this system allows for easy replacement or use of other general-purpose machinery for auxiliary operations when encountering complex geological conditions or equipment failures, significantly reducing construction risks and dependence on special equipment.

[0023] Furthermore, the rod of the helical anchor 2 passes through the connecting part and is fixed to the connecting part by a detachable locking member 4, so that the helical anchor 2 and the modular reaction frame 1 work together to form a reaction system. This detachable connection method not only ensures the integrity and stability of the reaction system during operation, but also allows the helical anchor 2 to be easily detached from the frame and rotated back for recycling after the test, achieving reuse. This effectively solves the problems of resource waste and material disposal in the traditional surcharge method, and is also superior to the limitations of existing ground anchor systems, such as long construction cycles and difficulty in recycling. In summary, the adaptive reaction system of the helical anchor 2 in this embodiment, through the design of modular frame, universal mechanical auxiliary installation, and detachable connection, effectively overcomes many technical problems in the prior art, such as difficult transportation, slow installation, high cost, poor flexibility, weak site adaptability, and low reliability and high maintenance cost of integrated equipment, and achieves a lightweight, modular, and highly economical upgrade of the pile foundation static load test reaction system.

[0024] It should be noted that a torque head driven by a hydraulic motor can be used as a universal torque drive device, which is connected to the torque-applying connection 22 on the top of the auger 2 via an adapter, thereby rotating the auger 2 and driving it into the soil. In another implementation, a drilling rig with a rotation function can be used to drive the auger 2 by clamping or snapping.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the connecting part includes a semi-circular hoop 3 that is detachably mounted on the modular reaction frame 1.

[0026] In this embodiment, the connecting part provides an interface for the rod of the helical anchor 2 to pass through and be fixed, thereby connecting the helical anchor 2 to the modular reaction frame 1 so that they can share the load. The semi-circular hoop 3 is a structural component with a semi-circular or arc-shaped cross-section, whose internal arc surface matches the shape of the rod of the helical anchor 2. This embodiment designs the connecting part as a semi-circular hoop 3 that can be detachably installed on the modular reaction frame 1, making the modular reaction frame 1 the skeleton of the overall system, providing a structural foundation and positioning reference for the installation of the helical anchor 2. Specifically, the semi-circular hoop 3 can be fixed to a specific position on the modular reaction frame 1 in advance or after the helical anchor 2 is screwed into the foundation, using fasteners 5 or other detachable methods. The rod of the helical anchor 2 can pass through or be embraced by the semi-circular hoop 3 and further fixed by locking elements 4. This design allows the helical anchor 2 to be independently screwed into the foundation without being restricted by the modular reaction frame 1; after it is installed in place, it is reliably connected to the modular reaction frame 1 by the semi-circular hoop 3. The detachable nature of the semi-ring hoop 3 allows the position and number of the connection parts to be flexibly configured and adjusted according to actual needs, thereby adapting to the layout of the spiral anchor 2 under different test conditions and facilitating on-site installation, disassembly and maintenance operations, greatly improving the adaptability and versatility of the reaction system.

[0027] Of course, in other embodiments, besides the semi-circular hoop 3 form proposed in this application, the connecting part can also be, for example, an integrally formed hole, a sleeve welded to the modular reaction frame 1, or a clamp connected by bolts. The semi-circular hoop 3 is a structural component with a semi-circular or arc-shaped cross-section, the inner arc surface of which matches the shape of the rod of the helical anchor 2. As a specific implementation of the connecting part, the semi-circular hoop 3 can be designed as a single-piece structure, with one side connected to the modular reaction frame 1 by a hinge or groove, and the other side fixed to another part of the frame by a quick-locking mechanism (e.g., a wedge pin or bolt), thereby forming a closable ring constraint around the rod of the helical anchor 2. When adjustment or disassembly is required, the semi-circular hoop 3 can be removed from the modular reaction frame 1 simply by loosening or removing these fasteners 5.

[0028] In another embodiment, the connecting portion includes a reserved hole provided on the modular reaction frame 1.

[0029] In this embodiment, the connecting part is a structure on the modular reaction frame 1 used to connect and fix the rod of the helical anchor 2. Its function is to ensure that the helical anchor 2 can form a stable force-bearing whole with the modular reaction frame 1 after being screwed into the foundation, thereby transmitting the reaction force. The connecting part can be implemented in various forms; for example, it can be a fixed sleeve welded to the frame or a detachable clamp. Reserved holes refer to holes pre-machined or reserved in the structural components of the modular reaction frame 1. These holes can be distributed on the frame beams 11 or main beams 12 at specific intervals and arrangements according to design requirements. The shape of the reserved holes can be circular, square, or irregular, and their size should match the diameter of the helical anchor 2 rod so that the rod of the helical anchor 2 can pass through smoothly. The setting of reserved holes simplifies the structure of the connecting part, directly integrating it into the frame body, reducing additional components and assembly steps. For example, the reserved holes can be circular holes cut directly from the steel plate of the frame, or through holes 21 drilled from the profiles of the frame. In this embodiment, the connecting part is designed as a pre-drilled hole on the modular reaction frame 1, allowing the rod of the helical anchor 2 to directly pass through the structural body of the modular reaction frame 1. This design eliminates the need for independent connecting components, thereby simplifying the structure of the modular reaction frame 1. After the helical anchor 2 is screwed into the foundation, its rod passes through the pre-drilled hole and is fixed to the frame part where the pre-drilled hole is located by a detachable locking member 4. This direct integrated connection method not only reduces the manufacturing cost and assembly difficulty of the frame, but also, because the pre-drilled hole is an inherent part of the frame, its structural strength and stability are higher, enabling more reliable transmission of the reaction force of the helical anchor 2, thus improving the overall stability and reliability of the reaction system under load. In addition, the standardized design of the pre-drilled hole also makes the installation and disassembly of the helical anchor 2 more convenient, improving the system's versatility and on-site operation efficiency.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the locking element 4 is a pin, and the top of the spiral anchor 2 is provided with a through hole 21 that is adapted to the pin. The pin is adapted to pass through the through hole 21. In the locked state, the two ends of the pin extend out from the through hole 21 and abut against the semi-ring hoop 3 respectively, so that the spiral anchor 2, the modular reaction frame 1 and the semi-ring hoop 3 cooperate with each other to bear force.

[0031] In this embodiment, after the rod of the helical anchor 2 passes through the semi-circular hoop 3 on the modular reaction frame 1 and is screwed into the foundation, the pin is passed through the through hole 21 at the top of the helical anchor 2. At this time, both ends of the pin will extend from the through hole 21 and precisely abut against the support surface of the semi-circular hoop 3. This design allows the axial force of the helical anchor 2 to be transmitted to the semi-circular hoop 3 through the pin when subjected to an upward pulling force. Since the semi-circular hoop 3 is detachably installed on the modular reaction frame 1, the pin, the helical anchor 2, the semi-circular hoop 3, and the modular reaction frame 1 form a tightly integrated whole. In this way, the axial movement of the helical anchor 2 is restricted by the pin, and the pin is supported by the semi-circular hoop 3, ultimately dispersing and transmitting the pulling force of the helical anchor 2 to the entire modular reaction frame 1, thereby significantly enhancing the reaction system's ability to resist pulling forces. Compared to only using friction or other simple connection methods, this pin abutment method can provide a more direct and reliable force transmission path, greatly improving the stability and safety of the reaction system under complex stress conditions.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the modular reaction frame 1 is provided with a plurality of mounting positions 13, and the semi-ring hoop 3 can be selectively fixed to different mounting positions 13 by means of fasteners 5.

[0033] In this embodiment, the installation position 13 refers to discrete or continuous locations or areas pre-designed or formed on the modular reaction frame 1 for the installation of the semi-ring hoops 3. For example, these installation positions 13 can be holes or slots pre-reserved at certain intervals on the frame beam 11, or universal connection interfaces set in specific areas, allowing the semi-ring hoops 3 to be adjusted within a certain range. The semi-ring hoops 3 can be selectively fixed to different installation positions 13 by fasteners 5. For example, the fasteners 5 can be a bolt and nut combination, with the bolt passing through the corresponding holes on the semi-ring hoops 3 and the installation position 13, and then tightened by the nut to achieve fixation; or, quick-locking pins, wedges, clamps, etc., can be used to achieve quick installation and disassembly of the semi-ring hoops 3. This selectable fixing method allows the operator to flexibly select the specific installation position 13 of the semi-ring hoops 3 on the modular reaction frame 1 according to actual needs. Through the above settings, the dynamic configuration of the installation positions 13 and number of the spiral anchors 2 can be achieved. This means that the specific layout and total number of spiral anchors 2 in the reaction system can be adjusted according to engineering requirements. For example, when it is necessary to increase the total pull-out resistance of the reaction system, semi-circular hoops 3 and helical anchors 2 can be installed at more installation positions 13; when it is necessary to optimize the reaction force distribution to adapt to uneven loads, the relative position of the semi-circular hoops 3 on the modular reaction frame 1 can be changed. When it is necessary to adjust the layout of the reaction system, the operator does not need to make structural modifications to the modular reaction frame 1, but only needs to loosen the fasteners 5, move the semi-circular hoops 3 to the new installation position 13, or increase or decrease the number of semi-circular hoops 3, and then re-fix them with the fasteners 5. This design allows the reaction system to respond quickly to different geological conditions, test load sizes, and reaction force distribution requirements, realizing dynamic adjustment of the installation position 13 and number of helical anchors 2. At the same time, this configurability also makes the reaction system more versatile and reusable, significantly improving construction efficiency and economic benefits.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the top of the Susou spiral anchor 2 is provided with a torque-applying connection part 22 for detachable connection with a universal torque drive device.

[0035] In this embodiment, the torque-applying connection 22 is a structure on the helical anchor 2 specifically designed to receive the torque applied by the torque drive device. This torque-applying connection 22 can be designed as an interface with a specific geometry, such as a square, hexagonal, splined, or toothed structure. These shapes can tightly fit with the output shaft or adapter of the torque drive device, ensuring effective torque transmission and preventing relative slippage. Furthermore, the torque-applying connection 22 can also be a threaded connection end, connected to the adapter of the torque drive device via a threaded connector, or fixed together with a pin using a pin-hole engagement, thereby transmitting torque.

[0036] Specifically, during the installation of the auger anchor 2, the universal torque drive device precisely mates and reliably connects with the torque-applying connection 22 on the top of the auger anchor 2 through its output end. When the universal torque drive device is activated, the rotational torque it generates is efficiently and stably transmitted to the auger anchor 2 body through the torque-applying connection 22, driving the auger anchor 2 to overcome the foundation resistance and screw into the foundation according to the preset trajectory and depth. After installation, due to the detachable nature of the torque-applying connection 22, the universal torque drive device can quickly separate from the installed auger anchor 2 and connect to the next auger anchor 2 to be installed. This design allows one universal drive device to serve the independent installation of multiple auger anchors 2, greatly improving the flexibility and efficiency of the installation operation. The torque-applying connection 22 ensures the stability and reliability of torque transmission between the universal torque drive device and the auger anchor 2, effectively avoiding work interruptions or equipment damage caused by loose connections or low torque transmission efficiency during installation. Meanwhile, its detachable feature allows the universal torque drive device to be quickly switched between different spiral anchors 2 without the need to equip each spiral anchor 2 with a dedicated drive device, thereby reducing construction costs and improving the versatility and adaptability of the entire reaction system, making the independent screwing-in installation process of the spiral anchor 2 smoother and more efficient.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the modular reaction frame 1 includes an assembled frame beam 11 and a main beam 12 that can be detachably installed on the assembled frame beam 11. The main beam 12 is provided with a connecting device 14 for installing the test pile 6.

[0038] In this embodiment, the prefabricated frame beam 11 refers to a structural unit that can be prefabricated and quickly spliced ​​and assembled on site. Its design concept is to decompose a large frame structure into several standardized, easily transportable and handleable components, which are then assembled on site using bolts, pins, or plug-in connections to form the required overall frame. This design significantly reduces transportation costs and on-site construction difficulty, and improves assembly efficiency. For example, the prefabricated frame beam 11 can be in the form of H-beams, box beams, or truss structures, assembled using flange connections, pin connections, or bolt connections. The main beam 12 is the main load-bearing component in the reaction system, its function being to transfer the load of the test pile 6 to the prefabricated frame beam 11, from which the reaction force is provided by the helical anchor 2. The connecting device 14 is installed on the main beam 12 and is used to fix or connect the test pile 6 (e.g., a pile foundation used for static load testing) to the reaction system. Its function is to ensure that the test load can be stably and accurately applied to the test pile 6 and to effectively transfer the reaction force of the test pile 6 to the main beam 12. The connecting device 14 can take various forms, such as a clamp for holding the test pile 6, a pre-drilled plate for bolted connections, a pre-drilled weld joint for welded connections, or a platform with a hydraulic jack mounting base. Its design should take into account the size, shape, and load transfer method of the test pile 6 to ensure the reliability and safety of the connection. Therefore, the design of the prefabricated frame beam 11 greatly facilitates the transportation and rapid on-site assembly of the reaction system, reducing construction difficulty and time costs. The detachable main beam 12 and its connecting device 14 allow the reaction system to be quickly and accurately configured and adjusted according to test piles 6 of different sizes, shapes, and locations, thereby meeting diverse foundation bearing capacity testing needs. This not only improves the efficiency and accuracy of the test but also reduces the cost of equipment modification or repurchase due to changes in site or test conditions, making the reaction system more versatile and economical.

[0039] The present invention also provides an installation method for the adaptive assembly reaction system of the spiral anchor 2. The method adopts the above-mentioned adaptive assembly reaction system of the spiral anchor 2 and specifically includes the following steps: S1. The assembled modular reaction frame 1 is hoisted to the design pile position using general lifting equipment and positioned. S2: Each spiral anchor 2 is screwed in independently for installation. A torque drive device is mounted on a general-purpose mechanical device, and the torque drive device is connected to the torque application connection part 22 at the top of the spiral anchor 2. Drive each individual helical anchor 2 to rotate independently, allowing it to penetrate the foundation independently; S3: The installed spiral anchor 2 is connected and locked to the modular reaction frame 1 by the locking member 4, so that the two form a whole that cooperates in bearing force. S4. Repeat steps S2-S3 until all preset spiral anchors 2 are installed.

[0040] The core innovation of this embodiment lies in combining the pre-positioning of the modular reaction frame 1 with the independent screw-in installation of the helical anchors 2 in a step-by-step collaborative manner. This eliminates the need for individual positioning of each helical anchor 2 during installation, removing the dependence on a dedicated power source and allowing dynamic adjustment of the number of helical anchors 2 according to test requirements. Specifically, since the modular reaction frame 1 is positioned first, its connecting parts provide a precise installation position 13 reference for the helical anchors 2, avoiding the cumbersome process of starting positioning from a single helical anchor 2 in traditional methods. Simultaneously, the screw-in operation is performed using a commonly used excavator or crane equipped with a torque drive device, eliminating the need for an internal power source and significantly reducing equipment failure risks and maintenance costs. Furthermore, the dynamic configuration of the number of helical anchors 2 allows the reaction system to flexibly adapt to test requirements of different tonnages, improving the system's economy and applicability. Through the above technical solution, the problems of low efficiency and poor reliability of traditional installation methods are effectively solved, achieving lightweight, modular, and high-efficiency installation of the pile foundation static load test reaction system.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, before step S1, step S0 is further included, which involves determining the test parameters and the configuration of the spiral anchor 2. Determine the maximum test load required for the static load test, and calculate the total pull-out reaction force required by the reaction system based on the safety factor; Obtain the geological parameters of the construction site and calculate the ultimate pull-out bearing capacity of a single spiral anchor 2 based on the geometric parameters of the spiral anchor 2; Based on the total pull-out reaction force and the ultimate pull-out bearing capacity of a single helical anchor 2, determine the required number of helical anchors 2 and the installation torque of a single helical anchor 2.

[0042] In this embodiment, by introducing a pre-planning step before actual installation, the installation process of the entire adaptive reaction force system of the helical anchor 2 becomes more targeted and efficient. First, by clearly defining the maximum load requirement for the static load test and considering a safety factor, the total pull-out reaction force that the reaction force system must provide is precisely quantified, setting a clear objective for subsequent system design. Second, by thoroughly analyzing the geological conditions of the construction site and the geometric characteristics of the helical anchor 2, the actual bearing capacity of a single helical anchor 2 is scientifically evaluated. The combination of these two pieces of information allows for the accurate determination of the required number of helical anchors 2, avoiding blind installation or over-design. More importantly, by pre-determining the installation torque of a single helical anchor 2, clear guidance is provided for the operation of the universal torque drive device in the subsequent installation step S2, ensuring that each helical anchor 2 can be accurately screwed into the foundation and achieve its design bearing capacity. This pre-determination of parameters and configuration planning ensures that subsequent operations such as positioning the modular reaction frame 1 (step S1), independently screwing in the helical anchor 2 (step S2), and locking it with the frame (step S3) are all based on a scientific and precise design. This ensures that the entire reaction system can efficiently and reliably provide the required pull-out reaction force, significantly improving the success rate and safety of static load tests.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the installation torque of the spiral anchor 2 is monitored in real time, and the screwing is stopped when the installation torque reaches the preset design value or the spiral anchor 2 reaches the predetermined installation depth.

[0044] In this embodiment, real-time monitoring of the installation torque of the helical anchor 2 refers to continuously or periodically acquiring the torque value acting on the helical anchor 2 during its insertion into the foundation. Its purpose is to provide immediate feedback on the installation status and is one of the key indicators for determining whether the helical anchor 2 has reached its design bearing capacity. This monitoring can be achieved by integrating a torque sensor into a general-purpose torque drive device. This sensor can convert the measured torque signal into an electrical signal and transmit it to the control system.

[0045] This embodiment introduces a real-time monitoring mechanism for installation torque and depth during the independent screw-in installation of the helical anchor 2. When the universal torque drive device drives a single helical anchor 2 to rotate independently and penetrate the foundation, the installation equipment continuously acquires torque data acting on the helical anchor 2 and data on the penetration depth of the helical anchor 2. This real-time data is compared with the design values ​​determined in advance based on test parameters and geological conditions. Once the monitored installation torque reaches or exceeds the preset design value, it indicates that the helical anchor 2 has acquired sufficient pull-out bearing capacity to meet the requirements of the static load test for the reaction system; or when the helical anchor 2 reaches the predetermined installation depth and stops screwing in, it indicates that it has formed effective anchorage in the soil, ensuring the effective anchorage length of the helical anchor 2 in the soil, further improving the stability and reliability of the system. When either of these conditions is met, the screwing action of the universal torque drive device will immediately stop. This precise installation control ensures that each helical anchor 2 can be accurately installed to its optimal state, thereby enabling the reaction system formed by the helical anchor 2 and the modular reaction frame 1 to provide stable and reliable reaction force, effectively supporting the maximum test load required for the static load test. In addition, this precise control not only improves installation efficiency and reduces unnecessary energy consumption and equipment wear, but more importantly, it significantly enhances the safety and reliability of the entire spiral anchor 2 adaptive reaction force system, providing a solid and reliable reaction force foundation for subsequent static load tests.

[0046] As a specific implementation method, the installation steps of the present invention are as follows: S0. Determine the test parameters and spiral anchor configuration: 1) Determine the maximum test load for the vertical compressive static load test of test pile 6. Based on the maximum test load, and considering the safety factor (Usually taken as 1.5-2.0), calculate the required pull-out reaction force. : .

[0047] 2) Based on the geological survey report, obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of each soil layer, including: internal friction angle of soil layers ;No. Cohesion of soil layers ;No. unit weight of soil layer ;No. Thickness of soil layer Groundwater level depth .

[0048] 3) Calculate the ultimate pull-out bearing capacity of a single helical anchor 2 based on its geometric parameters. :

[0049] In the formula: Number of anchor plates; For the first The effective area of ​​each anchor plate ; For the first The diameter of the anchor plate; The diameter of the spiral anchor rod; For the first The cohesion of the soil layer where the anchor plate is located; For the first Effective overburden stress at the depth of each anchor plate; The bearing capacity coefficient is taken as 5.14 (for cohesive soil) or can be found in a table based on the internal friction angle. The bearing capacity coefficient is based on the internal friction angle. Sure 4) Determine the required number of spiral anchors 2 :

[0050] In the formula: The group anchor effect coefficient is determined based on the ratio of anchor spacing to anchor disc diameter, typically ranging from 0.7 to 1.0, and the calculated result is rounded up. 5) Determine the maximum installation torque for a single spiral anchor 2 based on the capabilities of the installation equipment. And verify:

[0051] In the formula: The required installation torque; The torque coefficient is 8-15 m, which is taken according to soil conditions and shaft type.

[0052] 6) Based on the geological distribution and the torque-depth relationship of a single helical anchor 2, calculate the final installation depth required for the single helical anchor 2 to reach its design bearing capacity. . S1. Positioning of modular reaction frame 1: Use a crane to hoist the assembled modular reaction frame 1 to the top of the designed pile position and fix it with temporary support; or adopt the "corner first, then side" strategy, first install the spiral anchors 2 at the four corners to the shallow bearing layer, and then install and lock the modular reaction frame 1 to the top of the corner anchors to form a positioning guide frame. S2. Individual screw-in installation of each helical anchor 2: Remove the semi-circular clamp 3, and use general mechanical equipment (excavator or crane) with a torque drive device to connect the torque drive device to the torque-applying connection 22 at the top of the helical anchor 2 for independent rotation installation of each individual helical anchor 2. At this time, the equipment torque only needs to overcome the resistance of a single anchor. ; During the screwing process, the installation torque is monitored in real time. When the design torque is reached Or reach computational depth The installation will stop at this time.

[0053] S3, the semi-circular hoop 3 is reset, and the spiral anchor 2 is locked to the modular reaction frame 1 by fasteners 5 (such as fixing bolts); S4. Repeat steps S2-S3 to continue installing the next helical anchor 2 until all helical anchors 2 are installed.

[0054] During the installation process described above, if the total pull-out resistance provided by the spiral anchor 2 is insufficient, a counterweight 7 (such as an I-beam) can be added to the top of the modular reaction frame 1 to act as a load-bearing platform for applying loads (reinforcing bars). The weight of the counterweight 7... Calculate using the following formula:

[0055] The reaction system of the present invention can be used for static load tests. The specific steps are as follows: a jack and a reaction platform are installed on the top of the test pile 6; a load is applied to the test pile 5 through the jack; the settlement of the pile top under each load level is recorded; and the vertical compressive bearing capacity of a single pile is determined based on the test data.

[0056] The following is an illustration using a specific example. Assume a project requires a static load test on a single pile under vertical compressive strength. The maximum design test load is Q = 3000 kN, and the soil layer distribution at the site is as follows: 0-3m: Silty clay, , ,

[0057] 3-8m: Silt, , ,

[0058] 8-15m: Medium sand, , ,

[0059] groundwater level depth

[0060] Step 1: Determine the spiral anchor configuration 1) Calculate the required pull-out reaction force (using a safety factor). ):

[0061] 2) Selecting the parameters for the spiral anchor: Anchor bolt diameter

[0062] Anchor plate diameter

[0063] Anchor plate thickness

[0064] Effective area of ​​a single anchor plate:

[0065] 3) Calculate the ultimate pull-out bearing capacity of a single helical anchor (configured with 3 anchor discs): The first anchor plate is located at depth (Silty soil layer): Effective stress:

[0066] Pick , ( )

[0067] The second anchor plate is located at depth (Silty soil layer): Effective stress:

[0068]

[0069] The third anchor plate is located at depth (Medium sand layer): Effective stress:

[0070] Pick (non-cohesive soil) ( )

[0071] Total ultimate pull-out bearing capacity of a single helical anchor:

[0072] 4) Determine the required number of helical anchors (using the group anchor effect coefficient). ): Pick root 5) Verify the installation torque (take the torque coefficient) ): Select the maximum torque of the installation equipment The requirements are met.

[0073] Step 2: Modular reaction frame positioning and single-column installation depth calculation 2.1 Theoretical Basis of Torque-Bearing Capacity Relationship According to the design theory of spiral anchors, the following empirical relationship exists between the installation torque and the ultimate bearing capacity:

[0074] in: =Ultimate bearing capacity (kN); =Torque coefficient ( ) = Installation torque (kN·m). Torque coefficient Typical values: For a 73mm round shaft:

[0075] For an 88.9mm round shaft:

[0076] For a 114.3mm round shaft:

[0077] 2.2 Depth Calculation Formula Based on Soil Type Case A: Clay For cohesive soils, the ultimate bearing capacity is given by the following formula:

[0078] In the formula: = Projected area of ​​the helical blade (m²) = Soil cohesion (kPa) = Bearing capacity coefficient (usually taken as 9, when the top helix depth / diameter > 5) = Soil unit weight (kN / m³) = Burial depth of the helical blade (m) = Bearing capacity coefficient (usually taken as 1 in cohesive soils) Combined with torque relationship The depth calculation formula is obtained as follows:

[0079] Situation B: Non-cohesive soil (Sand) For sandy soil, the ultimate bearing capacity is:

[0080] in It is the internal friction angle Functions: ( (in degrees) Therefore, the formula for calculating depth is:

[0081] 2.3 Practical Simplified Formula Considering the convenience of field application, the following simplified method can be adopted:

[0082] in: =Design load (kN); = Safety factor (2.0 for permanent structures, 1.5 for temporary structures); = Average torque over the last 3 spiral diameter depths; =Deep insertion of the test anchor (m) 2.4 Calculation Example Given conditions: Design load Safety factor Spiral diameter Spiral area Soil type: cohesive soil ,

[0083] Use a 2.875" round shaft.

[0084] calculate: Required ultimate bearing capacity:

[0085] Required torque:

[0086] Substitute into the depth formula (assuming) , ):

[0087] Note: This result is unreasonable, indicating that end bearing capacity should be the primary factor. Recalculate, considering the minimum depth standard: Minimum depth =

[0088] Bearing capacity was checked at a depth of 1.5m:

[0089] If the load-bearing capacity is insufficient, the number or diameter of the helical blades needs to be increased.

[0090] Step 3: Installation of a single helical anchor 1) Remove the semi-circular hoop so that it does not intersect with the frame; 2) Start the torque drive device and screw the auger in at a speed of 5-10 rpm; 3) Monitor the installation torque in real time, and stop when the torque reaches 22.34 kN·m; 4) The semi-circular clamp is reset and locked in place using M20 high-strength bolts; 5) Repeat the above steps to complete the installation of all 24 spiral anchors.

[0091] Step 4: Static load test 1) Install a 5000kN hydraulic jack on top of the test pile; 2) Install displacement sensor (accuracy 0.01mm); 3) Apply load in stages using the sustained load method, with each stage of load being 1 / 10 to 1 / 15 of the maximum test load; 4) Record the settlement of the pile top under each load level until the failure standard or the maximum test load is reached.

[0092] In summary, the present invention provides a helical anchor adaptive assembly reaction force system, which is an adjustable reaction force system composed of a helical anchor 2 and a modular reaction force frame 1. This system abandons the complex built-in power and walking mechanism, and instead adopts general-purpose engineering machinery to assist construction. Through the flexible assembly of standardized modules, it achieves adaptive matching of reaction force configuration, and can adaptively adjust the reaction force configuration according to the test load requirements. This design can not only significantly reduce the equipment manufacturing cost, but also solve the problem of integrated equipment operation in extreme geological conditions and confined spaces through the collaborative mode of "human (general-purpose machinery) + machine (modular reaction force frame)". Unlike existing integrated equipment, this system abandons the complex built-in hydraulic piling mechanism and walking chassis, and adopts a combined architecture of modular reaction force frame 1 and independent helical anchor 2. The reaction system is positioned as a whole by using an excavator or crane commonly used on site. Then, the single spiral anchor 2 is screwed in and installed (i.e., external force is applied). When installing the spiral anchor 2, the semi-circular hoop 3 can be removed to facilitate the installation of the spiral anchor 2. After installation, the semi-circular hoop 3 is reset. By pre-installing the modular reaction frame 1, the positioning of multiple spiral anchors 2 is achieved without positioning, avoiding the cumbersome process of starting from a single spiral anchor 2 and positioning each component in sequence. This system can dynamically increase or decrease the number of spiral anchors 2 according to the test load requirements, achieving flexible adaptive matching of reaction force configuration. It not only completely avoids the dependence on dedicated power sources and complex maintenance problems of integrated equipment, but also has the following significant advantages: convenient transportation (modular component transportation, no need for special vehicles), strong site adaptability (can enter narrow and soft sites), and low cost (using general-purpose machinery for construction, reducing equipment depreciation). It effectively solves the problems of transportation difficulties, complex installation, high cost, and poor site adaptability of existing pile foundation static load test reaction force systems, as well as the pain points of poor flexibility and high failure risk of existing integrated ground anchor systems. It is suitable for providing reaction force in pile foundation static load tests in onshore and near-shore areas, and is particularly suitable for complex site conditions where traditional surcharge methods are difficult to implement or costly.

[0093] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the invention without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and all such changes should fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spiral anchor adaptive assembly reaction force system, characterized in that, include: A modular reaction frame (1) is used to provide a positioning reference for the installation of the helical anchor (2); Several spiral anchors (2) are each independently driven into the foundation by a universal torque drive device; The modular reaction frame (1) is provided with a connecting part, and the rod of the spiral anchor (2) passes through the connecting part and is fixed to the connecting part by a detachable locking member (4), so that the spiral anchor (2) and the modular reaction frame (1) work together to form the reaction system.

2. The spiral anchor adaptive assembly reaction force system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting part includes a semi-circular hoop (3) that is detachably mounted on the modular reaction frame (1).

3. The spiral anchor adaptive assembly reaction force system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting part includes a reserved hole provided on the modular reaction frame (1).

4. The spiral anchor adaptive assembly reaction force system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The locking element (4) is a pin. The top of the spiral anchor (2) is provided with a through hole (21) that is compatible with the pin. The pin is adapted to pass through the through hole (21). In the locked state, the two ends of the pin extend out from the through hole (21) and abut against the semi-ring hoop (3) respectively, so that the spiral anchor (2), the modular reaction frame (1) and the semi-ring hoop (3) cooperate with each other to bear force.

5. The spiral anchor adaptive assembly reaction force system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The modular reaction frame (1) is provided with multiple mounting positions (13), and the semi-ring hoop (3) can be selectively fixed to different mounting positions (13) by fasteners (5).

6. The spiral anchor adaptive assembly reaction force system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the spiral anchor (2) is provided with a torque-applying connection (22) for detachable connection with a universal torque drive device.

7. The spiral anchor adaptive assembly reaction force system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modular reaction frame (1) includes an assembled frame beam (11) and a main beam (12) that can be detachably installed on the assembled frame beam (11). The main beam (12) is provided with a connecting device (14) for installing the test pile (6).

8. An installation method for a helical anchor adaptive assembly reaction force system, characterized in that, The installation method of the helical anchor adaptive assembly reaction force system according to any one of claims 1-7 includes the following steps: S1. The assembled modular reaction frame (1) is hoisted to the design pile position and positioned using general lifting equipment; S2: Each spiral anchor (2) is screwed in and installed independently: A torque drive device is mounted on a general mechanical device and connected to the torque connection part (22) at the top of the spiral anchor (2); Drive a single helical anchor (2) to rotate independently, so that it penetrates the foundation independently; S3: The installed spiral anchor (2) is connected and locked to the modular reaction frame (1) by the locking member (4), so that the two form a whole that works together to bear force. S4. Repeat steps S2-S3 until all preset spiral anchors (2) are installed.

9. The installation method of a spiral anchor adaptive assembly reaction system according to claim 8, characterized in that, Before step S1, the procedure also includes step S0, determining the test parameters and configuring the helical anchor (2): Determine the maximum test load required for the static load test, and calculate the total pull-out reaction force required by the reaction system based on the safety factor; Obtain the geological parameters of the construction site and calculate the ultimate pull-out bearing capacity of a single spiral anchor (2) based on the geometric parameters of the spiral anchor (2); Based on the total pull-out reaction force and the ultimate pull-out bearing capacity of a single helical anchor (2), determine the number of helical anchors (2) to be installed and the installation torque of a single helical anchor (2).

10. The installation method of a spiral anchor adaptive assembly reaction system according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S2, the installation torque of the spiral anchor (2) is monitored in real time. When the installation torque reaches the preset design value or the spiral anchor (2) reaches the predetermined installation depth, the screwing is stopped.

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