A photovoltaic-multinary compound thermoelectric thin film integrated curtain wall system for building integrated photovoltaics

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of building integrated photovoltaics and solar thermal power conversion, and discloses a photovoltaic-multielement composite thermoelectric thin film integrated curtain wall system for building integrated photovoltaics, wherein a power generation unit comprises a photovoltaic module, a heat-conducting connecting layer and a multielement composite thermoelectric thin film device. The heat-conducting connecting layer is integrally arranged between the photovoltaic module and the multielement composite thermoelectric thin film device. The multielement composite thermoelectric thin film device adopts a carbon nanotube and magnetic metal multielement composite regulation system, uses the carbon nanotube to construct an axial carrier transport channel to improve the electrical conductivity, and uses the spin-dependent scattering of the magnetic metal to enhance the Seebeck coefficient, so as to realize the decoupling and synchronous improvement of the transport parameters and give the device high power density output capacity under the condition of a very small temperature difference. The application completely abandons the traditional large heat sink by using the intrinsic extremely low thermal resistance characteristic of the multielement composite thin film, and realizes a leapfrog cooling and synergistic optimization under the premise of extremely simplified structure and high strength.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and solar thermoelectric conversion technology, specifically to a photovoltaic-multi-component composite thermoelectric thin-film integrated curtain wall system for BIPV. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing prominence of building energy consumption issues and the advancement of "dual carbon" goals, building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) technology has received widespread attention due to its ability to combine solar power generation systems with building envelopes. Under prolonged solar irradiation, traditional photovoltaic modules convert only a small portion of light energy into electricity, with the majority being converted into heat, leading to increased module temperature. This temperature increase significantly reduces the photoelectric conversion efficiency (efficiency decreases by 0.4%~0.5% for every 1°C increase in panel temperature), and also severely impacts the module's lifespan and operational stability.

[0003] Existing photovoltaic-thermal power (PV-thermal power) composite systems typically recover and utilize waste heat generated by PV modules by coupling thermoelectric devices to the back of the PV modules, thereby achieving PV cooling and auxiliary power generation. However, existing systems generally use millimeter-scale bulk thermoelectric devices, which have relatively high intrinsic thermal resistance and usually require a large temperature difference to maintain effective output. To create a temperature difference between the hot and cold ends, additional heat sink structures are often required, resulting in a large overall system volume, weight, and complex structure, which makes it difficult to meet the requirements of lightweight, high integration, and aesthetically pleasing facades in building curtain wall applications.

[0004] Furthermore, the available temperature difference in building curtain wall scenarios is typically small, placing higher demands on the output performance of thermoelectric devices under low temperature difference conditions. In existing low-temperature bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric materials, the Seebeck coefficient and conductivity are coupled. Traditional doping modification methods often sacrifice carrier mobility, resulting in limited output power density of devices under conditions of no heat sink and extremely small temperature difference, making it difficult to meet the continuous power generation and thermal management requirements of building curtain wall scenarios.

[0005] Meanwhile, existing photovoltaic-thermal power systems mostly focus on improving single power generation performance, lacking modular integrated design for building curtain wall scenarios. They are unable to meet engineering requirements such as power generation unit installation and fixing, building insulation, electrical wiring and subsequent maintenance, which limits their promotion and application in building envelope structures.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a photovoltaic-thermoelectric integrated curtain wall module based on multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film devices, which can improve the thermoelectric output performance under low temperature difference conditions, and realize the integrated and synergistic optimization of photovoltaic power generation, waste heat recovery, building insulation and modular installation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a photovoltaic-multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film integrated curtain wall system for building-integrated photovoltaics.

[0008] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: A photovoltaic-multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film integrated curtain wall system for building-integrated photovoltaics includes a photovoltaic-multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film integrated power generation unit 1, an insulation layer 2, and a curtain wall frame structure 3; The photovoltaic-multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film integrated power generation unit 1 includes a photovoltaic module 4, a thermally conductive connection layer 5, and a multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device 6. The thermally conductive connection layer 5 is sandwiched between the photovoltaic module 4 and the multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device 6; the multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device 6 is a micron-level thin film device without an additional heat sink structure, and it is attached to the back of the photovoltaic module 4 to generate thermoelectric power using the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic module 4; the curtain wall frame structure 3 is used to fix the curtain wall system to the building wall; the insulation layer 2 is attached to the building wall through the curtain wall frame structure 3.

[0009] In the multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device, the n-type thermocouple arm is a multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film of carbon nanotubes and magnetic metals.

[0010] By constructing carrier axial transport channels using carbon nanotubes to improve conductivity, and by introducing spin-related scattering using magnetic metals to enhance the Seebeck coefficient, thermoelectric transport parameters are decoupled and synchronously improved, thereby improving the thermoelectric output performance of the device under low temperature difference conditions.

[0011] In the aforementioned multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device, the p-type thermocouple arm is a bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric thin film.

[0012] The thermally conductive connection layer 5 is a thermally conductive silicone layer with a thickness of no more than 0.3 mm.

[0013] The insulation layer 2 is one of rock wool, polyurethane, or aerogel insulation.

[0014] The power output terminal of the photovoltaic-multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film integrated power generation unit 1 is electrically connected to the building energy storage device or the building power supply system.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention uses micron-level thin film thermoelectric devices to replace traditional millimeter-level bulk thermoelectric devices. It has the characteristics of low thermal resistance, thin thickness and lightweight structure. It can maintain an effective temperature difference without the need for an additional heat sink structure, realize the continuous recycling of waste heat of photovoltaic modules, reduce the operating temperature of photovoltaic modules and improve photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0016] (2) The curtain wall system of the present invention uses multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film devices as thermoelectric power generation units. The low temperature difference output performance of the devices is improved by carbon nanotubes and magnetic metal composite regulation, thereby enhancing the waste heat utilization capacity in the building curtain wall scenario.

[0017] (3) The present invention modularly integrates the photovoltaic-thermal power generation unit with the building curtain wall structure, taking into account the functions of power generation, heat preservation and building envelope. It has the advantages of high structural integration, convenient installation, strong building adaptability and good facade aesthetics, and can meet the engineering application needs of photovoltaic building integration scenario.

[0018] (4) This invention improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy and reduces building operation energy consumption by coordinating photovoltaic power generation, thermal power generation and building energy-saving functions. It has good energy-saving and emission-reduction benefits and prospects for promotion and application. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a photovoltaic-thermal-electric thin-film composite curtain wall system for building-integrated photovoltaics. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic-multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film integrated power generation unit structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation of the present invention on a building wall.

[0020] In the diagram: 1- Photovoltaic-multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film integrated power generation unit; 2- Insulation layer; 3- Curtain wall frame structure; 4- Photovoltaic module; 5- Thermally conductive connection layer; 6- Multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a photovoltaic-thermal-film composite curtain wall system for building-integrated photovoltaics includes a photovoltaic-multi-component composite thermoelectric film integrated power generation unit 1, an insulation layer 2, and a curtain wall frame structure 3.

[0023] The photovoltaic-multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film integrated power generation unit 1 includes a photovoltaic module 4, a thermally conductive connection layer 5, and a multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device 6.

[0024] The photovoltaic module 4 can be a crystalline silicon photovoltaic module or a thin-film photovoltaic module, used to absorb solar radiation and generate photovoltaic power.

[0025] The thermally conductive connection layer 5 is sandwiched between the photovoltaic module 4 and the multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device 6, and is used to transfer the heat generated by the photovoltaic module 4 during operation to the multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device 6; preferably, the thermally conductive connection layer 5 is a thermally conductive silicone layer with a thickness of no more than 0.3 mm.

[0026] The multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device 6 is attached to the back of the photovoltaic module 4 and is a micron-level thin film device without an additional heat sink structure. It is used to generate thermoelectric power by utilizing the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic module 4.

[0027] The n-type thermocouple arm of the multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device 6 is made of bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric thin film modified by carbon nanotubes and magnetic metals; the p-type thermocouple arm is made of antimony bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric thin film.

[0028] The multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device 6 includes a p-type thermocouple arm and an n-type thermocouple arm, wherein the n-type thermocouple arm adopts a bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric thin film modified by carbon nanotubes and magnetic metals to improve the thermoelectric output performance of the device under low temperature difference conditions.

[0029] The insulation layer 2 is disposed between the photovoltaic-multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film integrated power generation unit 1 and the building wall. It can be a rock wool layer, a polyurethane insulation layer or an aerogel insulation layer, used to reduce building heat loss and improve building energy-saving performance.

[0030] The output end of the photovoltaic-multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film integrated power generation unit 1 is connected to a building energy storage device or a building power supply system to realize energy storage or building power supply.

[0031] Under solar irradiation, the photovoltaic module 4 converts solar energy into electrical energy and generates heat at the same time. The heat is transferred to the multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device 6 through the thermally conductive connection layer 5, so that a temperature difference is formed at both ends of the multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device 6 and thermoelectric power generation is carried out. This realizes the recycling of photovoltaic waste heat, reduces the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module, and improves its power generation efficiency.

[0032] This invention integrates photovoltaic power generation with the building envelope, achieving synergistic optimization of power generation, cooling, and energy-saving functions in building curtain wall scenarios without the need for additional heat sink structures.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-multi-element composite thermoelectric thin-film integrated curtain wall system for building-integrated photovoltaics, characterized in that, It includes a photovoltaic-multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film integrated power generation unit (1), a thermal insulation layer (2), and a curtain wall frame structure (3). The photovoltaic-multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film integrated power generation unit (1) includes a photovoltaic module (4), a thermally conductive connection layer (5), and a multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device (6). The thermally conductive connection layer (5) is sandwiched between the photovoltaic module (4) and the multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device (6); the multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device (6) is a micron-level thin film device without an additional heat sink structure, and it is attached to the back of the photovoltaic module (4); the curtain wall frame structure (3) is used to fix the curtain wall system to the building wall; the insulation layer (2) is attached to the building wall through the curtain wall frame structure (3).

2. The photovoltaic-multi-element composite thermoelectric thin-film integrated curtain wall system for building-integrated photovoltaics according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device, the n-type thermocouple arm is a multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film of carbon nanotubes and magnetic metals.

3. A photovoltaic-multi-element composite thermoelectric thin-film integrated curtain wall system for building-integrated photovoltaics according to claim 2, characterized in that, By constructing carrier axial transport channels using carbon nanotubes to improve conductivity, and by introducing spin-related scattering using magnetic metals to enhance the Seebeck coefficient, thermoelectric transport parameters are decoupled and synchronously improved, thereby improving the thermoelectric output performance of the device under low temperature difference conditions.

4. A photovoltaic-multi-element composite thermoelectric thin-film integrated curtain wall system for building-integrated photovoltaics according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the aforementioned multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film device, the p-type thermocouple arm is a bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric thin film.

5. A photovoltaic-multi-element composite thermoelectric thin-film integrated curtain wall system for building-integrated photovoltaics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermally conductive connection layer (5) is a thermally conductive silicone layer with a thickness of no more than 0.3 mm.

6. A photovoltaic-multi-element composite thermoelectric thin-film integrated curtain wall system for building-integrated photovoltaics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulation layer (2) is one of rock wool, polyurethane insulation or aerogel insulation.

7. A photovoltaic-multi-element composite thermoelectric thin-film integrated curtain wall system for building-integrated photovoltaics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power output terminal of the photovoltaic-multi-component composite thermoelectric thin film integrated power generation unit (1) is electrically connected to the building energy storage device or the building power supply system.

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