A sliding type of door hall ramp structure and construction method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of sliding type hall ramp structure and construction method, the structure includes: multiple ramp sliding support, corresponding setting in the corresponding lower main body structure of hall platform, ramp foundation, the top of multiple ramp sliding support is equipped with a low-friction sliding liner;Ramp bearing portion, including first steel tray and second steel tray, first steel tray is horizontally arranged on the ramp sliding support above lower main body structure, and at least one side is fixedly connected with upper main body structure, second steel tray is obliquely arranged on the ramp sliding support above ramp foundation, and the bottom of first steel tray and second steel tray is with the low-friction sliding liner of corresponding position ramp sliding support top abutment cooperation;Concrete layer, pouring filling in multiple open cavities.The structure can slide relative to lower structure as a whole when earthquake comes, effectively avoid the collision extrusion damage between ramp structure and main body structure, guarantee the structural integrity and use safety of hall ramp.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building structure technology, and more particularly to seismic isolation of building structures, specifically to a sliding entrance hall ramp structure and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] To meet seismic design requirements, large public buildings typically incorporate seismic isolation layers in their structural foundations. Through the placement of foundation devices such as seismic isolation bearings, these layers effectively block the transmission of seismic energy to the upper structure, concentrating structural deformation primarily within the isolation layer. The upper structure then undergoes approximate translational motion. Figure 19 , Figure 20 As shown in the diagram, this seismic isolation technology can significantly reduce the seismic response of the superstructure during strong earthquakes. Post-earthquake repairs require only the isolation layer and may even be unnecessary. The building itself and its interior equipment and items can remain undamaged or suffer only minor damage, and can be restored to use with simple repairs or even without any maintenance. Compared to traditional seismic resistance technologies, it offers superior long-term economic benefits and significantly reduces direct earthquake losses. Especially for large public buildings housing numerous precision instruments and specialized equipment, seismic isolation technology can fundamentally prevent or significantly reduce earthquake damage to these devices, thereby effectively reducing indirect economic losses. Its technological advantages are significant.

[0003] Seismic isolation layers typically incorporate multiple sets of seismic isolation bearings, primarily categorized into lead-free and lead-core bearings. During an earthquake, these bearings buffer the seismic load through their own deformation, ensuring the overall safety of the superstructure. However, while providing seismic isolation, the isolation layer also introduces new structural design challenges: during an earthquake, the upper and lower structures within the isolation layer experience significant horizontal relative displacement. If the upper and lower structures are directly connected without buffering, collisions and compression can easily occur, causing structural damage. Therefore, for locations where upper and lower structures intrude into each other, such as elevator shafts, gaps are usually reserved between the upper and lower structures to accommodate horizontal relative displacement during earthquakes and prevent structural collision damage. Figure 21 As shown.

[0004] However, due to functional requirements, gaps are not allowed in some key parts of the building; the entrance hall ramp is a typical example. (See [link]). Figure 22 This part needs to meet the core requirement of normal vehicle passage. It is impossible to avoid the relative displacement of the upper and lower parts of the seismic isolation layer by leaving gaps. It is urgent to design a special structural form to achieve the relative displacement adaptation of the upper and lower structures during an earthquake while ensuring normal passage and avoiding structural collision damage.

[0005] Currently, the main solution to this problem in existing technologies is to install a movable sliding cover between the upper and lower structures of the entrance ramp, such as... Figures 23-25As shown, the movable design of the cover plate allows for vehicle passage under normal conditions and accommodates the relative displacement of the upper and lower structures during earthquakes. However, it has many shortcomings in practical engineering applications, making it difficult to balance performance and seismic resistance. Specifically:

[0006] Firstly, the movable cover plate is too small and has sharp concrete corners, making it prone to damage under repeated vehicle loads. Furthermore, the cover plate is simply placed on the main structure and the basement ramp, making it susceptible to displacement and sliding during use, severely affecting traffic stability. Figure 26 As shown.

[0007] Secondly, the structural design and construction of the bidirectional sliding cover plate are difficult due to the poor adaptability of the isolation layer to the bidirectional horizontal relative displacement.

[0008] Third, under minor earthquake conditions, the deformation of the cover plate can reach 100mm. If steel plates are used to make the cover plate, it will easily lead to a significant decrease in driving comfort and cause abnormal noise when vehicles pass through. The surface plate around the cover plate is also prone to damage due to compression. At the same time, the form of laying metal cover plates on concrete car ramps also destroys the overall aesthetics of the ramp structure.

[0009] In summary, designing a lobby ramp structure that balances vehicle traffic requirements, relative displacement adaptability of the isolation layer, structural durability, and aesthetics is key to solving the seismic design challenges of the lobby area in seismically isolated buildings, and is also a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the main objective of the present invention is to provide a sliding entrance hall ramp structure and construction method to solve the above problems.

[0011] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0012] This invention proposes a sliding entrance ramp structure, installed in the entrance area of ​​a seismically isolated building, for connecting with the entrance platform of the superstructure, and capable of sliding relative to the substructure during an earthquake; comprising:

[0013] Multiple ramp sliding supports are correspondingly installed on the lower main structure and ramp foundation of the entrance hall platform. The bottom of the multiple ramp sliding supports is fixedly connected to the corresponding lower main structure and ramp foundation, and each is provided with a low-friction sliding pad on the top.

[0014] The ramp support includes an integrally formed first steel tray and a second steel tray. Both the first steel tray and the second steel tray have multiple open cavities. The first steel tray is horizontally arranged on the ramp sliding support above the lower main structure, and at least one side is fixedly connected to the upper main structure corresponding to the entrance platform. The second steel tray is obliquely arranged on the ramp sliding support above the ramp foundation, and the bottom of both the first steel tray and the second steel tray abuts against the low-friction sliding pad on the top of the ramp sliding support at the corresponding position.

[0015] A concrete layer is poured and filled into the multiple open cavities, forming an integrated steel-concrete structure with the ramp load-bearing part.

[0016] Optionally, both the first steel pallet and the second steel pallet are box-shaped structures with a closed bottom formed by welding multiple steel plates together, and multiple open cavities formed at the top by the spaced arrangement of steel plates.

[0017] Optionally, the low-friction sliding pad is a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) pad.

[0018] Optionally, each of the ramp sliding supports includes:

[0019] An embedded plate is anchored to the top of the lower main structure or the ramp foundation.

[0020] A low-friction sliding pad is fixedly installed above the embedded plate;

[0021] A sealing element is disposed around the low-friction sliding pad and is fixedly connected to the embedded plate.

[0022] Optionally, the sealing element is a rubber sealing strip, which is glued and fixed to the top outer perimeter of the embedded plate.

[0023] Optionally, each of the ramp sliding supports further includes:

[0024] A liner limiting insert plate is welded and fixed to the embedded plate, and a limiting groove is provided on its top. The bottom of the low friction sliding liner is embedded in the limiting groove.

[0025] Optionally, a mirror-finished steel plate is fixed to the bottom of both the first steel tray and the second steel tray at the position corresponding to the low-friction sliding pad, and the mirror-finished steel plate fits snugly against the low-friction sliding pad.

[0026] Optionally, it also includes a reinforcing cage, which is tied to the top of the ramp bearing section and is cast integrally with the concrete layer.

[0027] Optionally, a wedge-shaped transition plate is also included, which is disposed at the starting end of the second steel pallet and abuts against a low-friction sliding pad of one of the ramp sliding supports at the corresponding position.

[0028] The present invention also proposes a construction method for the above-described sliding entrance ramp structure, comprising the following steps:

[0029] The assembly and fixing of the ramp sliding bearings are as follows: First, anchor the embedded plate to the marked position of the lower main structure and ramp foundation. Then, embed the low-friction sliding pad on the top of the embedded plate. Finally, glue the rubber sealing strip to the outer edge of the top of the embedded plate to complete the assembly of a single ramp sliding bearing. In this way, all ramp sliding bearings are fixed and assembled.

[0030] The processing and installation of the ramp load-bearing part involves welding multiple steel plates together to form a first steel pallet and a second steel pallet with a closed bottom and multiple open cavities at the top, and then connecting the two together to form the ramp load-bearing part; fixing mirror steel plates at the bottom of the first steel pallet and the second steel pallet at the positions corresponding to the low-friction sliding pads, and then hoisting the ramp load-bearing part to the designated position so that the mirror steel plates fit snugly against the low-friction sliding pads of the corresponding ramp sliding supports, and fixing the first steel pallet to the upper main structure corresponding to the entrance platform;

[0031] Concrete pouring and curing: Concrete is poured into the multiple open cavities of the first and second steel trays to form a concrete layer.

[0032] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are: the sliding entrance ramp structure and construction method of this invention have many significant advantages. Specifically:

[0033] In terms of traffic performance, this invention rigidly connects the ramp load-bearing part to the upper main structure, so that the ramp is completely incorporated into the upper structure system, abandoning the traditional movable cover plate design; the ramp load-bearing part is a steel-concrete integrated box-type integral structure, and a wedge-shaped transition plate is set at the ramp-starting end of the second steel pallet to achieve a smooth and continuous overall passage surface, eliminating the abnormal noise problems caused by loose cover plates and bumpy joints, providing a stable and smooth passage environment for vehicles, and adapting to the high-frequency vehicle load requirements of large public buildings.

[0034] In terms of durability, this structure establishes a stable overall load-bearing system, significantly improving the ramp's durability. The ramp's load-bearing section is a steel-concrete integrated structure, with steel and concrete working together to bear the load, resulting in excellent structural strength and resistance to deformation. The ramp's sliding supports are positioned using liner-limiting inserts and sealed to protect the sliding surfaces, preventing component displacement and wear. All components are connected using integrated welding, anchoring, and casting, enhancing the stability of component connections. This allows the ramp to withstand repeated impacts from vehicle loads and the challenges of the natural environment, reducing the frequency and cost of later maintenance and significantly extending the structure's service life.

[0035] In terms of seismic performance, when an earthquake occurs, relying on the precise coordination between the ramp sliding bearings and the ramp load-bearing part, this structure can move synchronously with the superstructure and achieve overall stable sliding relative to the underground structure. Multiple ramp sliding bearings are correspondingly arranged, and their low-friction sliding pads smoothly fit with the mirror steel plate at the bottom of the steel tray, providing low-friction movement conditions for overall sliding. Compared with the shortcomings of existing movable cover plates that are "scattered and easily jammed", this overall sliding design can effectively avoid collisions and compression between the ramp structure and the underground structure, avoid damage such as breakage and cracking, and ensure the integrity of the ramp structure under seismic conditions.

[0036] From an aesthetic point of view, this invention integrates the ramp load-bearing part with the superstructure, abandoning the abrupt form of adding movable metal covers to traditional concrete ramps, so that the ramp is naturally connected with the lobby platform and the main building, and the style is unified; moreover, the ramp load-bearing part is an integral box structure, with no scattered covers or exposed splicing gaps on the passage surface, and the structural form is simple and smooth, effectively ensuring the overall aesthetics of the building, improving the overall quality of the building, and meeting the design requirements of large public buildings.

[0037] It should be understood that the description in the Summary of the Invention is not intended to limit the key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to restrict the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Furthermore, implementation of any embodiment of the present invention does not imply the simultaneous possession or achievement of multiple or all of the aforementioned beneficial effects. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0039] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed herein, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a longitudinal sectional schematic diagram of a sliding entrance hall ramp structure according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2The following is a construction plan view of the sliding entrance hall ramp structure according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic plan view of the ramp sliding support according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the AA cross-section;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of mirror steel plates according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the wedge-shaped transition plate according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0046] Figures 7-9 This is a schematic diagram of the on-site construction of the ramp sliding bearing of the present invention, wherein, Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the formwork. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the molding process. Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the on-site layout of the ramp sliding bearing;

[0047] Figures 10-12 This is a schematic diagram of the on-site binding of the steel cage for the sliding entrance ramp structure of the present invention, wherein... Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the overall reinforcement cage tied along the entrance hall ramp. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the reinforcement cage being tied along the left side of the entrance hall ramp. Figure 12 A schematic diagram showing the reinforcement cage being tied along the right side of the entrance hall ramp;

[0048] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the on-site structure of the wedge-shaped transition plate of the present invention;

[0049] Figures 14-17 This is a schematic diagram of the on-site construction of the wedge-shaped transition plate of the present invention, wherein, Figure 14 A schematic diagram showing the installation of a wedge-shaped transition plate along the left side of the entrance hall ramp. Figure 15 for Figure 14 Enlarged schematic diagram of the wedge-shaped transition plate at the location. Figure 16 A schematic diagram showing the installation of a wedge-shaped transition plate along the right side of the entrance hall ramp. Figure 17 for Figure 16 Enlarged schematic diagram of the wedge-shaped transition plate at the location;

[0050] Figure 18 A schematic diagram for laying an asphalt surface layer on top of the concrete layer in the load-bearing section of a ramp.

[0051] Figures 19-20 A schematic diagram illustrating the installation of seismic isolation bearings in the seismic isolation layer of an existing large public building, wherein... Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the overall seismic isolation bearing array layout for the seismic isolation layer. Figure 20A schematic diagram showing the layout of a single seismic isolation bearing in a seismic isolation layer;

[0052] Figure 21 A schematic diagram showing the gap reserved between the upper and lower structures for the elevator shaft of the seismic isolation layer in an existing large public building;

[0053] Figure 22 A schematic diagram of the existing lobby ramp;

[0054] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of an existing sliding ramp;

[0055] Figure 24 A 3D node diagram of an existing sliding lobby ramp;

[0056] Figures 25-26 A schematic diagram showing the installation of a movable sliding cover between the upper and lower structures of an existing lobby ramp, wherein... Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the initial state of the movable sliding cover before the earthquake. Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding state of a movable sliding cover plate under seismic loading.

[0057] Marked in the image:

[0058] 1-Ramp sliding bearing; 101-Embedded plate; 102-Low friction sliding gasket; 103-Seal; 104-Gasket limiting insert plate; 1041-Limiting groove;

[0059] 2-Ramp load-bearing section; 201-First steel pallet section; 202-Second steel pallet section;

[0060] 3- Concrete layer;

[0061] 4-Reinforcing cage;

[0062] 5-Wedge-shaped transition plate;

[0063] 6-Mirror finish steel sheet;

[0064] 7-Lobby Platform;

[0065] 8-Upper main structure;

[0066] 9-Lower main structure;

[0067] 10-Ramp foundation; 1011-Concrete foundation;

[0068] 11-Anchor bar.

[0069] The same or corresponding marks in the diagram indicate the same or corresponding parts. Detailed Implementation

[0070] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, the illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0071] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0072] It should be understood that the terms "comprising / including," "consisting of," or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product, apparatus, process, or method that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but may also include, where necessary, other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a product, apparatus, process, or method. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising / including," "consisting of," does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the product, apparatus, process, or method that includes said element.

[0073] It should also be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device, component or structure referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed or operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0074] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0075] This invention proposes a sliding entrance hall ramp structure, which is installed in the entrance hall area of ​​a seismically isolated building, with the following plan layout: Figure 2As shown, its main function is to effectively connect with the lobby platform of the superstructure of the seismic isolation building and provide passage for people and vehicles under normal conditions; and when an earthquake occurs, it can slide as a whole relative to the lower structure of the seismic isolation building to adapt to the horizontal relative displacement of the upper and lower parts of the seismic isolation layer, thereby effectively consuming seismic energy, reducing the damage of earthquake to the building structure, and fully meeting the seismic design requirements of the seismic isolation building.

[0076] It should be noted that the superstructure refers to the main building structure above the isolation layer in a seismically isolated building, while the substructure refers to the foundation structure below the isolation layer in a seismically isolated building, including the substructure 9 and the ramp foundation 10. The superstructure 8 is the structural part of the main building structure directly connected to the entrance platform 7, serving as the main load-bearing component of this ramp structure. The substructure 9 is the foundation structure below the entrance platform 7, which, together with the ramp foundation 10, constitutes the lower supporting foundation of this ramp structure.

[0077] The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to preferred embodiments.

[0078] like Figures 1 to 18 As shown, the sliding entrance ramp structure proposed in this invention mainly includes a ramp sliding support 1, a ramp bearing part 2, and a concrete layer 3.

[0079] The ramp sliding bearing 1 is the core supporting component of this invention to realize the overall sliding function during an earthquake. As the connecting link between the ramp load-bearing part 2 and the substructure, it directly determines the smoothness, stability and seismic reliability of the sliding.

[0080] Specifically, multiple ramp sliding bearings 1 are provided, and these multiple ramp sliding bearings 1 are evenly distributed in two key areas: one part is distributed on the lower main structure 9 below the entrance platform 7, and the other part is distributed on the ramp foundation 10. The distribution density is reasonably determined according to the span of the ramp load-bearing part 2 and the size of the traffic load, to ensure that the overall weight of the ramp and the traffic load can be evenly borne.

[0081] In this invention, the bottoms of multiple ramp sliding supports 1 are rigidly fixed to the lower main structure 9 and ramp foundation 10 through anchoring connection. Specifically, expansion bolts or anchor bars 11 can be used for anchoring or post-installed reinforcement welding to ensure that the bottom of the support is not loose or displaced, thus providing stable support for the upper structure.

[0082] In one specific embodiment, the ramp foundation 10 adopts a composite structure of compacted subgrade soil + 300mm thick 3:7 lime-soil cushion layer + concrete cap 1011. The ramp sliding bearing 1 and the concrete cap 1011 (concrete support) of the ramp foundation 10 are anchored by anchor bars 11. The cap is constructed using high-strength grouting material and then poured. After pouring and curing to the design strength, the ramp sliding bearing 1, the compacted subgrade soil layer, the 3:7 lime-soil cushion layer, and the concrete cap 1011 of the ramp foundation 10 form a solid integral load-bearing structure, ensuring that the bearing and the ramp foundation are reliably connected as one.

[0083] In this invention, each of the multiple ramp sliding bearings 1 is provided with at least one low-friction sliding pad 102 on its top. The low-friction sliding pad 102 on the top of the bearing directly abuts against the bottom of the ramp bearing part 2, forming a sliding fit relationship, providing the necessary movement space and low-friction conditions for overall sliding during an earthquake.

[0084] In some specific embodiments, see Figures 3-4 Each ramp sliding bearing 1 is composed of an embedded plate 101, a low-friction sliding pad 102, and a sealing element 103. The embedded plate 101 is made of high-strength steel plate and is fixed to the top of the lower main structure 9 or the ramp foundation 10 (concrete cap 1011) by anchoring with anchor bars 11, providing a stable load-bearing support foundation for the entire ramp sliding bearing 1. The low-friction sliding pad 102 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the embedded plate 101. Relying on its low-friction characteristics, it provides smooth movement conditions for the overall relative sliding of the ramp structure under seismic conditions. The sealing element 103 is arranged around the outer periphery of the low-friction sliding pad 102 and is fixedly connected to the embedded plate 101. It can effectively prevent external dust, impurities, and moisture from intruding into the sliding mating surface, avoid the low-friction sliding pad 102 from being worn by foreign objects or aged by moisture, and ensure its long-term stability of sliding characteristics.

[0085] In some embodiments, the low-friction sliding gasket 102 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which has a low coefficient of friction, is wear-resistant and anti-aging. It is fixed to the upper surface of the embedded plate 101 by adhesive bonding, which can effectively ensure the smoothness and durability of the ramp structure sliding. The sealing element 103 is a rubber sealing strip, which is glued to the top outer perimeter of the embedded plate 101.

[0086] In some embodiments, see continue to see Figures 3-4 Each ramp sliding support 1 also includes a pad limiting insert plate 104. The pad limiting insert plate 104 is made of stainless steel and is welded and fixed to the embedded plate 101. Its top has a limiting groove 1041 that matches the bottom shape of the low friction sliding pad 102. The bottom of the low friction sliding pad 102 is embedded in the limiting groove 1041, and the bottom and the bottom of the limiting groove 1041 are fully bonded and fixed by structural adhesive, thereby achieving circumferential and vertical limiting of the low friction sliding pad 102.

[0087] The ramp load-bearing part 2, as the core load-bearing and passage carrier of the ramp, directly bears the passage load of personnel and vehicles. At the same time, as the core unit of the overall sliding, its structural integrity and connection reliability directly determine the load-bearing performance, passage effect and seismic sliding reliability of the ramp. It works with the ramp sliding support 1 to realize the overall sliding function during an earthquake.

[0088] Specifically, the ramp load-bearing section 2 is integrally formed by connecting the first steel pallet 201 and the second steel pallet 202. The two are fixedly connected by full welding to ensure the structural strength and overall rigidity of the connection. Both the first steel pallet 201 and the second steel pallet 202 are constructed with multiple open cavities. The shape and size of the open cavities are determined according to the actual design requirements and can adopt regular shapes such as rectangles and trapezoids, which facilitates the subsequent pouring and filling of the concrete layer 3 and enables a lightweight structural design.

[0089] The first steel pallet 201 is horizontally arranged on the top of the ramp sliding support 1 above the lower main structure 9 corresponding to the entrance hall platform 7. Its position is precisely corresponding to the lower ramp sliding support 1, and its bottom is tightly fitted and abutting against the low friction sliding pad 102 on the top of the corresponding ramp sliding support 1.

[0090] The first steel pallet 201 is precisely positioned below the entrance platform 7, smoothly connecting with it without any height difference or steps, ensuring smooth passage for people and vehicles. Simultaneously, at least one side of the first steel pallet 201 is fixedly connected to the upper main structure 8 corresponding to the entrance platform 7. Here, a rigid connection is achieved primarily through welding post-reinforced steel plates to the steel pallet, forming an integrated load-bearing unit between the ramp load-bearing section 2 and the upper structure. This is one of the core design features of this invention, enabling overall sliding during earthquakes. It ensures that when an earthquake occurs, the ramp load-bearing section 2 can move synchronously with the upper structure, achieving overall sliding relative to the lower structure by relying on the ramp sliding support 1.

[0091] The second steel pallet 202 is obliquely arranged on the top of the ramp sliding support above the ramp foundation 10. Its position corresponds precisely to the ramp sliding support 1 below, and its bottom is tightly fitted and abutted against the low-friction sliding pad 102 on the top of the corresponding ramp sliding support.

[0092] In this invention, the tilt angle of the second steel pallet 202 is strictly determined according to the design slope of the entrance ramp, which is suitable for the load and comfort requirements of vehicle passage. Before installation, the ramp foundation 10 needs to be leveled and reinforced, the laitance and debris need to be removed and the foundation needs to be leveled to ensure that the load-bearing capacity of the ramp foundation 10 meets the design requirements and provides a stable support foundation for the ramp load-bearing part 2.

[0093] In this invention, a predetermined gap is reserved between the second steel pallet 202 and the lower main structure 9 to ensure that the second steel pallet 202 can slide relative to the lower main structure 9 as a whole.

[0094] In some embodiments, both the first steel pallet 201 and the second steel pallet 202 are constructed from multiple steel plates welded together to form a box-shaped structure, and the exposed parts such as the bottom and sides of the steel plates are sandblasted to remove rust. The bottom of this box-shaped structure is fully enclosed, while the top is divided by regularly spaced and welded steel plates, forming multiple independent open cavities. This box-shaped structure design can improve the overall rigidity and deformation resistance of the ramp load-bearing part 2, effectively dispersing traffic loads and seismic forces.

[0095] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 The bottom of the first steel pallet 201 and the second steel pallet 202 are both welded and fixed with mirror steel plates 6 at positions corresponding to the low-friction sliding pads 102. The mirror steel plates 6 are thin stainless steel plates with mirror polishing treatment, and they fit and cooperate with the low-friction sliding pads 102 below them one by one.

[0096] The design of mirror steel plate 6 can further reduce the friction coefficient of the sliding surface, improve the smoothness of the ramp structure sliding, and its wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant and smooth surface characteristics can effectively reduce wear and loss during the sliding process, extend the service life of the sliding mating surface, and at the same time avoid scratch damage caused by the bottom of the steel pallet directly contacting the pad, ensuring the stability and durability of the sliding mating.

[0097] It is worth noting that the above-mentioned structural design and installation arrangement of the ramp bearing part 2 directly determines the seismic advantages and performance of the present invention: through the rigid connection between the first steel tray 201 and the upper main structure 8, the corresponding arrangement of the second steel tray 202 and the ramp foundation 10, and the supporting effect of the ramp sliding support 1, the structure can slide relative to the lower structure (lower main structure 9, ramp foundation 10) as a whole when an earthquake occurs.

[0098] This integrated sliding design, compared to the drawbacks of existing movable cover plates that are "scattered and prone to jamming," can effectively avoid collisions and compression between the ramp structure and the underground structure, preventing damage such as breakage and cracking, and ensuring the integrity of the ramp structure under seismic conditions. At the same time, the integrally formed steel-concrete integrated structure (after subsequent pouring of concrete layer 3) combines the toughness of steel with the compressive strength of concrete, which can effectively disperse seismic forces during the sliding process, reduce local stress concentration, further improve the seismic reliability of the ramp structure, and eliminate the need for complex repairs to the main body of the ramp after an earthquake, greatly improving post-earthquake recovery efficiency.

[0099] In addition, compared with the existing movable cover plate solution, the overall structure of the ramp load-bearing part 2 has no scattered pieces or sharp concrete corners, which not only avoids the bumps and abnormal noises when vehicles pass through, but also improves the durability of the ramp, reduces the later maintenance costs, and takes into account practicality, economy and seismic safety.

[0100] The concrete layer 3 is poured and filled into multiple open cavities, forming an integrated steel-concrete structure with the ramp load-bearing part 2.

[0101] In this invention, the concrete layer 3 and the ramp load-bearing part 2 work together to enhance the overall load-bearing capacity, structural rigidity and durability of the ramp, making it suitable for the high-frequency vehicle load requirements of large public buildings.

[0102] Specifically, concrete layer 3, made of high-strength fine-aggregate concrete, is poured and filled into multiple open cavities of the first steel tray 201 and the second steel tray 202 of the ramp load-bearing section 2. During the pouring process, the concrete is ensured to be densely filled, free of honeycomb or pitting, and tightly bonded to the steel walls of the open cavities. After the concrete is poured, its surface is flush with the top of the first steel tray 201 and the second steel tray 202, forming a flat, continuous, and integrated passage surface without any unevenness, ensuring the stability of vehicle and pedestrian passage. Ultimately, concrete layer 3 and the steel box structure of the ramp load-bearing section 2 form an inseparable integrated steel-concrete structure, which together bear the traffic load and seismic forces.

[0103] In some embodiments, the sliding entrance ramp structure further includes a steel cage 4. The steel cage 4 is composed of multiple longitudinal and transverse steel bars tied together in an alternating manner, and is laid and fixed as a whole on the top of the ramp load-bearing part 2. The steel cage 4 and the concrete layer 3 poured and filled in the open cavity are cast as a whole to form a cooperative load-bearing structure.

[0104] In this invention, the addition of the reinforcing cage 4 has the following advantages: First, it can further enhance the tensile and crack resistance of the concrete layer 3, make up for the deficiency of the concrete's own tensile strength, and effectively prevent the concrete layer 3 from cracking or falling off during long-term vehicle load impact, temperature changes, or earthquake slippage; Second, the reinforcing cage 4, the concrete layer 3, and the ramp load-bearing part 2 form a triple synergistic force-bearing system, which can effectively disperse the traffic load and seismic force, improve the overall stiffness and load-bearing reliability of the entire ramp structure, and further extend the service life of the ramp structure.

[0105] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 , Figure 6The sliding entrance ramp structure also includes a wedge-shaped transition plate 5. This wedge-shaped transition plate 5 is a metal wedge-shaped structure with a gradually varying thickness along the passage direction, adapting to the incline of the second steel pallet 202. The wedge-shaped transition plate 5 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the incline end of the second steel pallet 202 and abuts against a low-friction sliding pad 102 of a corresponding ramp sliding support 1.

[0106] In this invention, because the thickness of the second steel pallet 202 at the slope is too thin to be poured with concrete, the wedge-shaped transition plate 5 is set as an angled steel plate adapted to the slope. The end of the reinforcing cage 4 at the top of the ramp bearing part is welded and fixed to the wedge-shaped transition plate 5. A mirror steel plate 6 is welded to the bottom of the wedge-shaped transition plate 5, and the wedge-shaped transition plate 5 and the mirror steel plate 6 are welded together as a whole. The whole is placed on the low-friction sliding pad 102 (polytetrafluoroethylene pad) of the corresponding ramp sliding support 1, ensuring that the wedge-shaped transition plate 5 can slide relative to the ramp foundation 10 together with the ramp bearing part 2.

[0107] The advantages of setting the wedge-shaped transition plate 5 in this invention are as follows: First, the wedge-shaped gradual structure achieves a smooth transition at the starting end of the second steel pallet 202, avoiding hard bumps or height differences at the starting point of the ramp, effectively reducing bumps and impacts when vehicles pass, improving the stability and comfort of passage, and reducing local stress concentration in the structure; Second, the wedge-shaped transition plate 5 bears the load of the starting end of the second steel pallet 202 and evenly transfers it to the low-friction sliding pad 102 below, avoiding local wear or structural deformation of the pad due to load concentration at the starting end, and ensuring the uniformity of force on the sliding mating surface; Third, the wedge-shaped transition plate 5 and the low-friction sliding pad 102 abut against each other, so that the starting end of the second steel pallet 202 also forms a reliable sliding mating relationship, ensuring the synchronization and smoothness of the overall sliding of the ramp bearing part 2 during an earthquake, avoiding jamming or structural damage at the starting end due to lack of sliding support, and further improving the overall seismic sliding reliability of the ramp.

[0108] In this invention, after the installation of the above-mentioned components and the concrete pouring and curing are completed, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 18 An asphalt surface layer is laid on the top surface of the concrete layer 3 of the ramp load-bearing part 2. The surface layer is flat and of uniform thickness, meeting the requirements of wear resistance, anti-slip and smoothness for vehicle passage. Finally, the overall construction of the sliding gate ramp structure is completed. After the ramp is formed, the overall stress of the ramp is stable and the sliding function is reliable, which can be adapted to the needs of various vehicle passages.

[0109] The present invention also proposes a construction method for the above-described sliding entrance ramp structure, comprising the following steps:

[0110] Assembly and fixing of ramp sliding bearing 1, such as Figures 7-9As shown, firstly, the embedded plate 101 is anchored to the marked position of the lower main structure 9 and the ramp foundation 10. Then, the liner limiting insert plate 104 is welded and fixed to the embedded plate 101. Subsequently, the low friction sliding liner 102 is inserted into the limiting groove 1041 of the liner limiting insert plate 104. Finally, the rubber sealing strip is glued and fixed to the top outer edge of the embedded plate 101 to complete the assembly of a single ramp sliding support 1. In this way, the fixed assembly of all ramp sliding supports 1 is completed.

[0111] The processing and installation of the ramp support 2 involves welding multiple steel plates together to form a first steel pallet 201 and a second steel pallet 202 with a closed bottom and multiple open cavities at the top, and then connecting the two together to form the ramp support 2. Mirror steel plates 6 are fixed at the bottom of the first steel pallet 201 and the second steel pallet 202 at positions corresponding to the low-friction sliding pads 102. The ramp support 2 is then hoisted to the designated position, so that the mirror steel plates 6 fit snugly against the low-friction sliding pads 102 of the corresponding ramp sliding supports 1, and the first steel pallet 201 is fixedly connected to the upper main structure 8 corresponding to the entrance platform 7.

[0112] Concrete pouring and curing: Concrete is poured into the multiple open cavities of the first steel pallet 201 and the second steel pallet 202 to form a concrete layer 3, so that the concrete layer 3 and the ramp bearing part 2 are integrated to form an integrated steel-concrete structure.

[0113] In some embodiments, the above steps also include Figure 13 The wedge-shaped transition plate 5 is shown in the diagram. See also... Figures 14-17 After the ramp bearing part 2 is installed and fixed, the metal wedge-shaped transition plate 5 is fixedly set on the starting end of the second steel pallet 202. The installation angle of the wedge-shaped transition plate 5 is adjusted so that its thickness gradient direction is adapted to the starting slope of the second steel pallet 202. This ensures that the bottom of the wedge-shaped transition plate 5 is in close contact with the low-friction sliding pad 102 of the corresponding ramp sliding support 1, and that one side of the wedge-shaped transition plate 5 is firmly attached to the bottom of the second steel pallet 202 without loosening or height difference, thus achieving a smooth transition at the starting end of the ramp.

[0114] In some embodiments, the above steps also include Figures 10-12 The binding and fixing of the reinforcing cage 4 is shown. Specifically, at the marked position on the top of the ramp bearing section 2, multiple longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars are tied in an alternating manner to form a cage-like reinforcing cage 4 on site. During the binding process, it is ensured that the reinforcing cage 4 is laid flat and accurately positioned, and its lower reinforcing bars can extend above the opening cavities of the first steel tray 201 and the second steel tray 202 to facilitate subsequent tight bonding with the concrete layer 3.

[0115] The construction method is clear in steps and rigorous in logic, with smooth connection between each process. It can ensure that each component is installed accurately and connected firmly, effectively guaranteeing the construction quality of the sliding entrance ramp structure. At the same time, the construction process is simple and controllable, which facilitates on-site operation and quality control. It can shorten the construction cycle, reduce construction costs, and fully guarantee the stability and reliability of the sliding function and load-bearing performance after the structure is formed.

[0116] It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that, without conflict, the above-mentioned preferred solutions can be freely combined and superimposed.

[0117] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sliding entrance hall ramp structure, characterized in that, Located in the lobby area of ​​a seismically isolated building, it connects to the lobby platform of the superstructure and can slide relative to the substructure as a whole during an earthquake; including: Multiple ramp sliding supports are correspondingly installed on the lower main structure and ramp foundation of the entrance hall platform. The bottom of the multiple ramp sliding supports is fixedly connected to the corresponding lower main structure and ramp foundation, and each is provided with a low-friction sliding pad on the top. The ramp support includes an integrally formed first steel tray and a second steel tray. Both the first and second steel trays have multiple open cavities. The first steel tray is horizontally arranged on the ramp sliding support above the lower main structure, and at least one side is fixedly connected to the upper main structure corresponding to the entrance platform. The second steel tray is obliquely arranged on the ramp sliding support above the ramp foundation. The bottoms of both the first and second steel trays abut against the low-friction sliding pads on the top of the ramp sliding support at the corresponding positions. Both the first and second steel trays are box-shaped structures formed by welding multiple steel plates together, with a closed bottom and multiple open cavities formed by the spacing of the steel plates at the top. A concrete layer is poured and filled into the multiple open cavities, forming an integrated steel-concrete structure with the ramp load-bearing part.

2. The sliding entrance ramp structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-friction sliding pad is a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) pad.

3. The sliding entrance ramp structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned ramp sliding bearings includes: An embedded plate is anchored to the top of the lower main structure or the ramp foundation; A low-friction sliding pad is fixedly installed above the embedded plate; A sealing element is disposed around the low-friction sliding pad and is fixedly connected to the embedded plate.

4. The sliding entrance ramp structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sealing element is a rubber sealing strip, which is glued and fixed to the top outer perimeter of the embedded plate.

5. The sliding entrance ramp structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned ramp sliding bearings also includes: A liner limiting insert plate is welded and fixed to the embedded plate, and a limiting groove is provided on its top. The bottom of the low friction sliding liner is embedded in the limiting groove.

6. The sliding entrance ramp structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of both the first and second steel trays is fixed with mirror steel plates corresponding to the positions of the low-friction sliding pads, and the mirror steel plates fit snugly against the low-friction sliding pads.

7. The sliding entrance ramp structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a reinforcing cage, which is tied to the top of the ramp bearing section and is cast integrally with the concrete layer.

8. The sliding entrance ramp structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a wedge-shaped transition plate, which is disposed at the starting end of the second steel pallet and abuts against a low-friction sliding pad of one of the ramp sliding supports at the corresponding position.

9. A construction method for a sliding entrance hall ramp structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The assembly and fixing of the ramp sliding bearings are as follows: First, anchor the embedded plate to the marked position of the lower main structure and ramp foundation. Then, embed the low-friction sliding pad on the top of the embedded plate. Finally, glue the rubber sealing strip to the outer edge of the top of the embedded plate to complete the assembly of a single ramp sliding bearing. In this way, all ramp sliding bearings are fixed and assembled. The processing and installation of the ramp load-bearing part involves welding multiple steel plates together to form a first steel pallet and a second steel pallet with a closed bottom and multiple open cavities at the top, and then connecting the two together to form the ramp load-bearing part; fixing mirror steel plates at the bottom of the first steel pallet and the second steel pallet at the positions corresponding to the low-friction sliding pads, and then hoisting the ramp load-bearing part to the designated position so that the mirror steel plates fit snugly against the low-friction sliding pads of the corresponding ramp sliding supports, and fixing the first steel pallet to the upper main structure corresponding to the entrance platform; Concrete pouring and curing: Concrete is poured into the multiple open cavities of the first and second steel trays to form a concrete layer.

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