A method for mining a slightly inclined medium-thick ore body in a filling group pillar

Abstract

This invention discloses a mining method for slightly inclined medium-thick ore bodies under filled pillar groups, which is particularly suitable for ore bodies with stable ore and rock. The technical solution of this invention is as follows: (1) A mining unit is formed by multiple mining areas between filled pillar groups, and the filling mining area, ore extraction mining area, rock drilling mining area, cutting mining area and preparation mining area are arranged in sequence. Each mining area is separated by filled pillar groups, and each mining area leaves top and bottom pillars; (2) Along the strike of the ore body, the mid-section transport roadway in the lower plate of the bottom pillar and top pillar of the ore body is arranged, and the return air roadway in the upper plate of the bottom pillar and top pillar of the ore body is arranged along the strike of the ore body and the return air connecting roadway is excavated; (3) After the mid-section mining is completed, the top pillar and bottom pillar of the fan-shaped hole retreat mining can be arranged in the mid-section roadway in the vein. This invention has good low-pressure control, high degree of mechanization, simple and reliable process, low ore dilution loss rate, reasonable cutting ratio, large production capacity, and can ultimately achieve safe, economical and efficient mining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underground mining and relates to a mining method for a slightly inclined medium-thick ore body under a group of pillars, which is particularly suitable for ore bodies with stable ore and rock. Background Technology

[0002] Slightly dipping, medium-thick ore bodies typically refer to ore bodies with a dip angle of less than 15° and a thickness between 5 and 15 meters. They are widely distributed in metal mines, and their mining faces prominent problems such as difficulty in ore extraction, low resource recovery rates, and poor stope stability, making them a persistent technical challenge in the mining field. Because of their gentle dip angle, ore is difficult to extract via gravity flow, often resulting in large amounts of ore remaining at the bottom of the goaf, causing serious resource waste. Furthermore, the limited stope space makes efficient operation of trackless equipment difficult.

[0003] Currently, the industry commonly uses methods such as room-and-pillar mining and layered backfilling to mine this type of ore body, but both have significant drawbacks. The room-and-pillar mining method requires leaving a large number of permanent pillars, resulting in a high resource loss rate. Furthermore, stress concentration in the goaf is concentrated in the pillars, which can easily lead to safety hazards such as pillar instability and overburden collapse. The layered backfilling method cannot mine the entire thickness in one go, has a cumbersome mining and backfilling process, low production efficiency, and high support costs.

[0004] To address the stability issues in mining areas, backfilling mining technology has been widely applied in mining engineering. However, with the continuous advancement of backfilling mining operations, a large number of backfilled pillar groups have gradually formed within the mining area. While these backfilled pillar groups can, to some extent, bear the overburden load and control surface subsidence, they also make subsequent mining increasingly difficult. In current technologies, the arrangement of numerous backfilled pillar groups lacks scientific planning and has extremely poor compatibility with slightly dipping, medium-thick ore bodies, easily leading to safety hazards such as uneven pillar load distribution and chain-like instability. If mining safety, ore extraction efficiency, and resource recovery rate are all taken into account, this further exacerbates the mining difficulties of slightly dipping, medium-thick ore bodies.

[0005] Furthermore, in traditional mining methods, the backfill slurry cannot fully penetrate the bottom of the waste rock pile, resulting in high safety risks during secondary excavation of roadways. Additionally, the preparation work is extensive and complex, failing to meet the demands for efficient, safe, and economical mining. Therefore, developing a mining method suitable for backfill pillars and addressing the difficulties in ore extraction and insufficient stability in slightly inclined medium-thick ore bodies has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in the current mining industry. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and expand its application scope, this invention provides a mining method for a slightly inclined medium-thick ore body under a column filling group. This method has a high degree of mechanization, simple and reliable process, good stability of the mining area, low ore dilution loss rate, reasonable mining-cutting ratio, and large production capacity, and can ultimately achieve safe, economical and efficient mining.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A method for mining a slightly dipping, medium-thick ore body under pillars, characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) A mining unit is formed by multiple mining areas between filling pillar groups. Filling mining area, ore extraction mining area, drilling mining area, cutting mining area and preparation mining area are arranged in sequence. Each mining area is separated by filling pillar groups, and each mining area leaves top and bottom pillars. (2) Along the strike of the ore body, arrange the mid-section transport roadway in the lower part of the bottom pillar and top pillar of the ore body, and arrange the return air roadway in the upper part of the bottom pillar and top pillar of the ore body along the strike of the ore body and excavate the return air connecting roadway. (3) After the middle section is completed, the top and bottom pillars of the retreat mining can be arranged in the middle section roadway of the vein.

[0008] The term "filled pillar group" refers to multiple filler support pillars used to fill empty areas during the mining process for subsequent mining operations.

[0009] The prepared mining area refers to the excavation of the ore loading roadway along the footwall boundary of the ore body to the bottom pillar boundary.

[0010] The cutting mining area refers to the area where the loading roadway continues to be excavated along the lower boundary of the ore body to the transport roadway within the upper and middle sections of the vein, and the cutting riser is excavated along the top pillar boundary to form a cutting groove, which is connected to the return air connecting roadway.

[0011] The rock drilling area refers to the area in which a medium-deep hole drilling rig is used to drill fan-shaped blast holes in the ore loading route, and the blast holes are protected.

[0012] The ore extraction area refers to the area where explosives are loaded and plugged using a charging trolley. Ore is extracted via blasting using a micro-delay blasting network, with the cutting groove as the free surface. After blasting, fresh air enters the extraction area through the mid-section transport roadway and loading path within the vein, while contaminated air is discharged through the return air connection roadway or the loading path connecting the upper and middle sections. Local ventilation fans can be used to enhance ventilation in certain areas of the extraction area. After ventilation is complete, remote-controlled mining trucks are loaded with ore using a remote-controlled loader and then transported out along the loading path and the mid-section transport roadway within the vein. This process is repeated until the entire extraction area is completed.

[0013] The term "backfilled mining area" refers to the area where, after ore extraction is completed, all access points to the goaf are sealed with airtight walls, which can be made of concrete. Backfilling pipelines are then introduced from the return air connecting passage for subsequent paste-based backfilling.

[0014] The advantages and positive effects of this invention include: First, by forming mining units from the filled pillars, the ground pressure can be gradually released along one direction during mining, making ground pressure control easier and effectively ensuring mining safety and recovery rate; Second, the use of remote-controlled loading equipment and large-diameter drilling equipment results in high mechanization and intelligence, greatly reducing the labor intensity of workers, and the process is simple, reliable, and highly applicable; Third, strict control of blasting parameters results in less ore residue at the edges of the stope, a low waste rock mixing rate, and the ability to gradually recover the top and bottom pillars, thus the method has a low dilution loss rate; Fourth, there are two air intakes (two ore loading routes) and three return air intakes (return air connecting road and two ore loading routes in the upper and middle sections), significantly improving the working environment and increasing safety exits. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a top view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention, II1-II1. Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention, II2-II2. Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention, section II3-II3. Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention, II4-II4. In the diagram: 1 - Mining area completed in one step; 2 - Filled mining area; 3 - Ore extraction mining area; 4 - Drilling mining area; 5 - Cutting mining area; 6 - Preparing mining area; 7 - Filled pillar group; 8 - Bottom pillar; 9 - Top pillar; 10 - Mid-section transport roadway within the vein; 11 - Ore loading roadway; 12 - Return airway; 13 - Return air connecting roadway; 14 - Cutting riser; 15 - Cutting groove; 16 - Blasting hole; 17 - Collapsed ore; 18 - Filling body. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0017] (1) See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 The present invention uses the mining area between the filling pillar group 7 to form a mining unit, and arranges the filling mining area 2, the ore-producing mining area 3, the drilling mining area 4, the cutting mining area 5 and the preparation mining area 6 in sequence. Each mining area is separated by the filling pillar group 7, and each mining area leaves a bottom pillar 8 and a top pillar 9. Among them, the filling column group 7 refers to multiple filling support columns used to fill the voids during the mining process for subsequent mining.

[0018] The prepared mining area 6 refers to the section of the vein where the middle transport roadway 10 is excavated along the lower boundary of the ore body to the boundary of the bottom pillar 8.

[0019] The cutting mining area 5 refers to: continuing to excavate the loading roadway 11 along the lower boundary of the ore body to the upper and middle section of the vein transport roadway 10, excavating upwards along the top pillar 9 to cut the riser 14 and form a cutting groove 15, which is connected to the return air connecting roadway 13.

[0020] The rock drilling area 4 refers to the use of a medium-deep hole drilling rig to drill fan-shaped blast holes 16 in the ore loading route 11, and to protect the blast holes 16.

[0021] The ore extraction area 3 refers to the area where explosives are loaded and plugged into the completed fan-shaped blast holes 16 using a charging trolley. Using the cutting groove 15 as the free surface, a micro-delay blasting network is employed for blasting to extract ore. After blasting, fresh air enters the extraction area through the mid-section transport roadway 10 and the ore loading path 11. Waste air is discharged through the return air connecting roadway 13 and the return air roadway 12, or through the ore loading path 11 connecting the upper and middle sections. Local ventilation can be enhanced in certain areas of the extraction area using local fans. After ventilation is complete, a remote-controlled mining truck is loaded with ore by a remote-controlled loader and then transported out along the ore loading path 11 and the mid-section transport roadway 10. This process is repeated until the entire ore extraction area 3 is completed.

[0022] The filling mining area 2 refers to the area where, after ore extraction 3 is completed, all passageways leading to the goaf are sealed with airtight walls, which can be made of concrete. A filling pipeline is then introduced from the return air connecting passage 13 for subsequent paste-bonded filling.

[0023] (2) Along the strike of the ore body, arrange the mid-section transport roadway 10 in the lower plate of the bottom pillar 8 and top pillar 9 of the ore body, arrange the return air roadway 12 in the upper plate of the bottom pillar 8 and top pillar 9 of the ore body, and excavate the return air connecting roadway 13.

[0024] (3) After the middle section is completed, the fan-shaped hole retreating bottom pillar 8 and top pillar 9 can be arranged in the middle section roadway 10 of the vein.

[0025] This invention features a high degree of mechanization, simple and reliable process, good mining area stability, low ore dilution loss rate, reasonable mining-cutting ratio, and large production capacity, ultimately achieving safe, economical, and efficient mining.

[0026] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for mining a slightly dipping, medium-thick ore body under a group of pillars, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) A mining unit is formed by multiple mining areas between filling pillar groups. Filling mining area, ore extraction mining area, drilling mining area, cutting mining area and preparation mining area are arranged in sequence. Each mining area is separated by filling pillar groups, and each mining area leaves top and bottom pillars. (2) Along the strike of the ore body, arrange the mid-section transport roadway in the lower part of the bottom pillar and top pillar of the ore body, and arrange the return air roadway in the upper part of the bottom pillar and top pillar of the ore body along the strike of the ore body and excavate the return air connecting roadway. (3) After the middle section is completed, the top and bottom pillars of the retreat mining can be arranged in the middle section roadway of the vein.

2. The mining method for a slightly dipping, medium-thick ore body under a pile-up column as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The filling column group refers to multiple filling support columns used to fill empty areas during the mining process for subsequent mining.

3. The mining method for a slightly dipping, medium-thick ore body under a pile-up column as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The prepared mining area is defined as follows: the ore loading roadway is excavated along the lower boundary of the ore body to the bottom pillar boundary.

4. The mining method for a slightly dipping, medium-thick ore body under a pile-up column as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting mining area is defined as follows: the ore loading roadway is continued to be excavated along the lower boundary of the ore body to the upper and middle section of the vein transportation roadway, and the cutting riser is excavated along the top pillar boundary to form a cutting groove, which is connected to the return air connecting roadway.

5. The mining method for a slightly dipping, medium-thick ore body under a pile-up column as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rock drilling area is defined as follows: in the ore loading route, a medium-deep hole drilling rig is used to drill fan-shaped blast holes, and the blast holes are protected.

6. The mining method for a slightly dipping, medium-thick ore body under a pile-up column as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mining area is described as follows: a charging trolley is used to charge and plug the completed fan-shaped holes. The cutting groove is used as the free surface, and a micro-delay blasting initiation network is used to blast the ore. After blasting, fresh air enters the mining area through the mid-section transport roadway and the ore loading roadway. Stale air is discharged through the return air connecting roadway or through the ore loading roadway connecting the upper and middle sections. Local fans can be used to enhance ventilation in some parts of the mining area. After ventilation is completed, a remote-controlled mining truck is loaded with ore by a remote-controlled loader and then transported out along the ore loading roadway and the mid-section transport roadway. The above steps are repeated until the entire mining area is completed.

7. The mining method for a slightly dipping, medium-thick ore body under a pile-up column as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The filling mining area is as follows: After the ore extraction in the mining area is completed, the entrances to the goaf are first sealed with airtight walls. The airtight walls can be made of concrete. The filling pipeline is introduced from the return air connecting road for subsequent paste cementing filling.

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