Combined dust suppression system and method for mining face zoning

Abstract

The application discloses a combined dust suppression system and method for mining area mining working face partition dust suppression, the combined dust suppression system comprises a plurality of interconnected dust suppression towers, the dust suppression tower comprises a tower body, a sprayer and a water sprayer, a driving motor is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the tower body, and the dust suppression towers are interconnected through inter-tower interconnection assemblies. The method comprises the following steps: S1, dust suppression in a blasting area; S2, dust suppression in a loading area; and S3, dust suppression in a transportation area. The application realizes double driving integration through a single motor, simultaneously drives the lifting of the top sprayer and the rotation of the bottom water sprayer through a screw rod transmission, compared with traditional double motor driving or single function elements, the cost is reduced, the functional diversity is improved, the failure rate is reduced, a plurality of dust suppression towers can be integrally moved at one time, the scene changing time is greatly shortened, and the application has strong practicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dust control in mining areas and environmental protection in open-pit mining, specifically to a combined dust suppression system and method for zoned dust suppression at mining faces. Background Technology

[0002] During open-pit mining operations, large amounts of dust are generated in processes such as rock and soil stripping, ore extraction, loading, and transportation. Especially in the three main dust-generating stages of blasting, loading, and transportation, the dust concentration is high and the diffusion range is wide, seriously affecting the health of workers, the safety of equipment operation, and the surrounding ecological environment.

[0003] Currently, common dust suppression methods in mining areas mainly include water spraying, chemical dust suppressant spraying, and windbreak dust suppression nets. However, existing technologies have the following shortcomings: Dust suppression devices are fixed and difficult to adapt to dynamic mining faces. Fixed dust suppression devices cannot move with the working face, resulting in a misalignment between the dust suppression coverage area and the dust generation point, significantly reducing effectiveness. Each dust-generating stage is managed independently, lacking coordination and linkage. Blasting areas generate instantaneous high-concentration dust, loading areas generate intermittent dust at fixed points, and transportation areas generate long-term line-source dust. Existing technologies typically set up independent dust suppression equipment for a single stage, lacking information exchange and coordinated action between devices, resulting in water waste or dust suppression blind spots. Dust suppression equipment has limited functionality and low space utilization. Existing water spray piles or sprinkler systems mostly only have a fixed water spraying function, making it difficult to simultaneously meet multiple needs such as bottom wheel washing and top space dust suppression. Although some devices are equipped with lifting mechanisms, they require independent drive units, resulting in complex structures and high costs. They also suffer from low modularity and inefficient relocation and deployment. Dust suppression equipment in mining areas needs to be moved frequently with the work face, but existing devices mostly use concrete foundations or fixed installations, making disassembly difficult and relocation time-consuming. Furthermore, the lack of a structural design for rapid connection and unified handling between multiple devices hinders rapid deployment.

[0004] For example, the invention patent with patent publication number CN109404037B discloses a self-moving integrated dust suppression, compressed air, and water supply device, but its nozzle position is fixed and cannot be adaptively adjusted according to different working conditions in the blasting zone, loading zone, and transportation zone. To address these issues, there is an urgent need for a combined dust suppression system and method that can adapt to dynamic changes in the mining face, achieve multi-zone coordinated dust suppression, possess multi-functional integration, and is easy to deploy quickly. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a combined dust suppression system and method for zoned dust suppression in mining operations.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is: A combined dust suppression system for zoned dust suppression in mining operations includes several interconnected dust suppression towers. Each dust suppression tower includes a cylindrical hollow tower body, a sprayer located at the top of the tower body, and a water sprayer located in the lower middle part of the tower body. A drive motor is fixedly installed at the bottom of the tower body. The output end of the drive motor is provided with an inner screw. An outer screw is threadedly connected to the upper part of the inner screw. The outer screw is attached to the inner wall of the tower body and slidably connected up and down. The top of the outer screw is connected to the sprayer. The sprayer is detachably snapped to the inner screw. A turning groove is provided on the side wall of the tower body at the location of the sprayer. The dust suppression towers are interconnected by inter-tower interconnection components.

[0007] Furthermore, the inter-tower interconnection assembly includes several outer sliding sleeves and inner sliding rods arranged alternately. The cross-sections of the outer sliding sleeves and the inner sliding rods are both ⊃-shaped, and the outer sliding sleeves and the inner sliding rods are slidably sleeved together. A rotating shaft is provided on the side wall of the outer sliding sleeve or the inner sliding rod connected to the tower body, which is used to drive the inter-tower interconnection assembly to rotate 15~30° in the vertical direction. There are 3~12 dust suppression towers.

[0008] Note: By sliding the outer sliding sleeve and the inner sliding rod together, the tower spacing can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual width of the mining face to adapt to the layout requirements of different operating scenarios.

[0009] Furthermore, the outer sliding sleeve and the inner sliding rod have a partition in the middle of their concave surfaces. The end of the partition has a flexible baffle that bends upward and downward. Above the partition is a cable receiving cavity, and below the partition is a water pipe receiving cavity. The top of the inner sliding rod has several slots at equal intervals, and the top of the outer sliding sleeve has several insertion holes. The slots and insertion holes are the same size and are connected to insert a pin. Both the outer sliding sleeve and the inner sliding rod have 3 to 6 slots.

[0010] Explanation: The partition separates the cable and water pipe into two independent cavities, avoiding the safety hazard of short circuits caused by water pipe rupture and leakage, meeting the explosion-proof safety requirements of the mining area. The flexible baffle can assist in positioning the cable and water pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer screw sidewall is symmetrically provided with guide ribs, and the inner wall of the tower body is provided with guide grooves on both sides that slide up and down and are limited to the left and right by the guide ribs.

[0012] Explanation: By cooperating with the guide ribs and guide grooves, the rotational freedom of the outer screw is constrained, ensuring that the outer screw can only move up and down axially when the inner screw rotates, thus realizing the conversion from helical transmission to linear motion.

[0013] Furthermore, the sprayer has several spray holes corresponding to the front of the tower body, a main water pipe is fixedly installed on the back of the tower body, a dosing box is fixedly installed on the upper part of the tower body corresponding to the side of the main water pipe, a dosing pipe is provided at the bottom of the dosing box, the end of the dosing pipe is connected to the main water pipe, and a valve is provided in the middle of the dosing pipe.

[0014] Note: Dust suppressant or plant fiber solution can be added to the water as needed according to the working conditions. The valve can precisely control the addition ratio, enabling flexible switching between water spraying and chemical spraying.

[0015] Furthermore, the lower middle part of the back of the tower body is provided with an inlet, the turning groove is arc-shaped to make the water sprayer reciprocate, the water sprayer is wrapped by an arc-shaped elastic baffle, the back of the water sprayer is provided with a U-shaped locking block, the U-shaped locking block is detachably locked with the inner screw, and the water sprayer is connected to the main water pipe through a water supply hose passing through the inlet.

[0016] Explanation: The water sprayer is directly connected to the inner screw by a U-shaped locking block. This allows the inner screw to drive the outer screw to rise and fall while simultaneously causing the water sprayer to rotate back and forth in the steering groove. This enables a single drive motor to perform the dual functions of top spray lifting and bottom water spray oscillation, significantly reducing system cost and energy consumption.

[0017] The present invention also provides a combined dust suppression method for zoned dust suppression at mining faces, based on any of the combined dust suppression systems for zoned dust suppression at mining faces described above, comprising the following steps: S1. Dust suppression in the blasting zone: S1-1. Pre-wetting before blasting: 1-2 hours before blasting, the combined dust suppression system is moved to the downwind edge of the blasting area. Each dust suppression tower is arranged in an arc shape with a spacing of 10-15m and connected into a rigid frame through the tower interconnection components. The drive motor is started, and the inner screw rotates in the forward direction, driving the outer screw and the top sprayer to rise to the highest position, 2.5-3.5m above the ground. The sprayer sprays water mist into the blasting area at a wide angle of 60-80° for 10-20 minutes to pre-wet the blasting surface. S1-2, Dust suppression at the moment of detonation: After receiving the detonation signal, the sprayer maintains full power spraying, the drive motor reverses, and drives the sprayer to descend to the lowest position within 2~3 seconds, 1.2~1.5m above the ground, and repeats the up and down movement 2~3 times to form a three-dimensional fog curtain that sweeps up and down. S1-3. Continuous dust suppression after blasting: Within 5 to 10 minutes after detonation, the sprayer shall operate intermittently, running for 5 to 15 seconds every 20 to 40 seconds, to suppress the spread of dust after blasting. S1-4. Surface consolidation of the blast zone: Within 24 hours after detonation, add the spraying medium from the sprayer to the concentrated plant fiber solution, mix with water to form a plant fiber solution with a mass concentration of 3-5%, and spray at 2-3 L / m³. 2 Apply evenly by spraying to form a surface crust that inhibits wind erosion. S2. Dust suppression in the loading area: S2-1. Pre-load start-up: Move the combined dust suppression system to the area around the loading area. Each dust suppression tower is arranged in a semi-encircling manner along the loading point, with an arc diameter of 10-20m and a spacing of 8-12m between the dust suppression towers. After receiving the loading operation signal, the drive motor starts and the sprayer rises to the middle position, 1.8-2.2m above the ground, and sprays fine mist onto the loading point. S2-2, Dust suppression during loading: The sprayer sprays continuously and adjusts its height according to the bucket lifting height. When the bucket is low, the sprayer lowers and when the bucket is high, the sprayer rises, realizing dynamic tracking between the spray and the dust generation point. S2-3, Loading Interval Standby: If loading is paused for more than 1 minute, the sprayer reduces the spray volume by 50%, the drive motor stops and remains in the current position, and resumes full power when loading resumes; S3. Dust suppression in the transportation area: S3-1. Dust suppression when vehicles pass: The combined dust suppression system is arranged along one or both sides of the transport road, with each dust suppression tower spaced 5-25m apart. They are connected into a linear frame by the tower interconnection components and spread out along the road extension direction. A vehicle identification sensor is installed on the middle side wall of the dust suppression tower closest to the mining area. When the vehicle identification sensor detects that a transport vehicle is approaching, the drive motor is turned on, and the water sprayer starts synchronously and rotates back and forth along the steering groove. The nozzle is aimed at the wheel position, 0.3-0.5m above the ground, and washes the tires and wheel hubs with a fan-shaped water curtain to suppress dust carried by the wheels. At the same time, the sprayer is driven to move up and down at a distance of 2-2.5m to spray fine mist into the space above the road to capture suspended dust. S3-2, Delayed shutdown after vehicle passage: After the vehicle leaves, the water sprayer continues to run for 3-5 seconds and then shuts off, and the sprayer shuts off after a delay of 10-15 seconds.

[0018] Furthermore, the droplet size of the water mist in S1 is ≤200μm, and the droplet size of the fine mist in S2 and S3 is ≤20μm.

[0019] Note: Fine mist particles have small size and low moisture content, which can prevent the ore or soil from becoming too wet when used in the loading area, without affecting subsequent processing and transportation.

[0020] Furthermore, in S3, when multiple vehicles pass continuously (interval ≤ 10s), the water sprayer and the sprayer maintain continuous operation to avoid frequent start-stop. When no vehicles pass for 30 consecutive seconds, the water sprayer is completely shut off, and the sprayer switches to intermittent mode, spraying for 5-10 seconds every 60-120 seconds. At this time, the spraying medium is added to the plant fiber concentrate, mixed with water to form a plant fiber solution with a mass concentration of 3-5%, and sprayed at 2-3 L / m³. 2 Apply evenly to form a surface crust that inhibits wind erosion and keeps the road surface moist. At the same time, cover the transportation area with gravel to a thickness of 2-5 cm and with gravel particles of 1-3 cm in diameter.

[0021] Note: The operating mode is automatically switched according to the vehicle passage interval to avoid the impact of frequent start-stop on the motor and pump unit and extend the equipment life.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The combined dust suppression system of the present invention achieves dual-drive integration through a single motor. With the help of screw transmission, it simultaneously drives the top sprayer to lift and the bottom sprayer to rotate. Compared with traditional dual-motor drive or single-function unit, it reduces costs, increases functional diversity, reduces failure rate, and allows multiple dust suppression towers to be moved as a whole at one time, greatly shortening the relocation time and making it highly practical.

[0023] (2) The combined dust suppression method of the present invention adopts zoned differentiated dust suppression: targeting the characteristics of instantaneous high-concentration dust in the blasting zone, fixed-point intermittent dust in the loading zone, and continuous dust from the line source in the transportation zone, a combination strategy of large particle size pre-wetting / water curtain, fine mist dynamic following, bottom flushing + top spraying is adopted respectively. The overall dust suppression efficiency is high, and the working mode is refined to achieve the purpose of water saving. In addition, by spraying 3~5% plant fiber solution to form a surface crust, combined with gravel coverage, it can effectively suppress near-ground surface dust, filling the gap in the existing technology for the treatment of wind erosion dust after blasting.

[0024] (3) The combined dust suppression system and method of the present invention have a wide range of applications. One system can simultaneously meet the dust suppression needs of three areas: blasting, loading and transportation. The equipment has a high utilization rate and is easy to maintain. All components are modularly designed and can be quickly disassembled and replaced. It is environmentally friendly, using plant fiber as a biodegradable material, which has little impact on soil pH and no secondary pollution. Gravel is a common surface cover in arid and semi-arid regions and can act as a rough element to change the interaction between wind and soil surface, thereby playing a role in inhibiting soil wind erosion and reducing sand transport rate. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram of the dust suppression tower in the combined dust suppression system of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the dust suppression tower structure from below in the combined dust suppression system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the top of the dust suppression tower in the combined dust suppression system of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the dust suppression tower in the combined dust suppression system of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a side view of the dust suppression tower in the combined dust suppression system of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a top view of the connection between the dust suppression tower and the water sprayer in the combined dust suppression system of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between two dust suppression towers in the combined dust suppression system of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the inter-tower interconnection component structure in the combined dust suppression system of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a layout diagram of the dust suppression in the blasting zone in the combined dust suppression method of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a layout diagram of the loading area for dust suppression in the combined dust suppression method of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a layout diagram of dust suppression in the transportation area in the combined dust suppression method of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the change in crust hardness in the experimental examples of this invention.

[0026] Among them, 1-dust suppression tower, 11-tower body, 12-turning groove, 13-guide groove, 14-inlet, 2-sprayer, 21-spray hole, 3-water sprayer, 31-elastic baffle, 32-U-shaped clamp, 33-water supply hose, 4-drive motor, 41-inner screw, 42-outer screw, 43-guide rib, 5-inter-tower interconnection assembly, 51-outer sliding sleeve, 52-inner sliding rod, 53-rotating shaft, 54-partition plate, 55-flexible baffle, 56-cable receiving cavity, 57-water pipe receiving cavity, 58-slot, 59-socket, 6-main water pipe, 7-dosing box, 71-dosing pipe, 72-valve, 8-pin. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Example 1: A combined dust suppression system for zoned dust suppression in mining operations, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes 5 interconnected dust suppression towers 1. Each dust suppression tower 1 includes a cylindrical hollow tower body 11, a sprayer 2 located at the top of the tower body 11, and a water sprayer 3 located in the lower middle part of the tower body 11. like Figures 2-4As shown, a drive motor 4 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the tower body 11. The output end of the drive motor 4 is provided with an inner screw 41. An outer screw 42 is threadedly connected to the upper part of the inner screw 41. The outer screw 42 is attached to the inner wall of the tower body 11 and slides up and down. The top of the outer screw 42 is connected to the sprayer 2. The water sprayer 3 is detachably snapped to the inner screw 41. A turning groove 12 is provided on the side wall of the tower body 11 corresponding to the position of the water sprayer 3. Guide ribs 43 are symmetrically provided on the side wall of the outer screw 42. Guide grooves 13 are provided on both sides of the inner wall of the tower body 11, which slide up and down and are limited to the left and right. like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, each dust suppression tower 1 is interconnected by an inter-tower interconnection component 5. The inter-tower interconnection component 5 includes three outer sliding sleeves 51 and three inner sliding rods 52 arranged alternately. The cross-sections of the outer sliding sleeves 51 and the inner sliding rods 52 are both ⊃-shaped, and the outer sliding sleeves 51 and the inner sliding rods 52 are slidably sleeved together. A rotating shaft 53 is provided on the side wall of the outer sliding sleeve 51 or the inner sliding rod 52 connected to the tower body 11, which is used to drive the inter-tower interconnection component 5 to rotate 20° in the vertical direction. A partition 54 is provided in the middle of the concave surface of the outer sliding sleeve 51 and the inner sliding rod 52. A flexible baffle 55 with upward and downward bending is provided at the end of the partition 54. A cable receiving cavity 56 is provided above the partition 54, and a water pipe receiving cavity 57 is provided below the partition 54. Ten slots 58 are provided at equal intervals on the top of the inner sliding rod 52, and ten insertion holes 59 are provided on the top of the outer sliding sleeve 51. The slots 58 and the insertion holes 59 are the same size and are inserted into the pins 8 after being connected. like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the sprayer 2 has several spray holes 21 on the front of the tower body 11. A main water pipe 6 is fixed on the back of the tower body 11. A dosing box 7 is fixed on the upper part of the tower body 11 on one side corresponding to the main water pipe 6. A dosing pipe 71 is provided at the bottom of the dosing box 7. The end of the dosing pipe 71 is connected to the main water pipe 6. A valve 72 is provided in the middle of the dosing pipe 71. An inlet port 14 is provided in the lower middle part of the back of the tower body 11. The turning groove 12 is arc-shaped to make the sprayer 3 reciprocate. The sprayer 3 is wrapped by an arc-shaped elastic baffle 31. A U-shaped locking block 32 is provided on the back of the sprayer 3. The U-shaped locking block 32 is detachably locked to the inner screw 41. The sprayer 3 is connected to the main water pipe 6 through a water supply hose 33 that passes through the inlet port 14.

[0028] Example 2: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that there are 3 dust suppression towers 1.

[0029] Example 3: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that there are 8 dust suppression towers 1.

[0030] Example 4: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that there are 12 dust suppression towers 1.

[0031] Example 5: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that there are four outer sliding sleeves 51 and four inner sliding rods 52. A rotating shaft 53 is provided on the side wall of the outer sliding sleeve 51 or the inner sliding rod 52 connected to the tower body 11, which is used to drive the inter-tower interconnection assembly 5 to rotate 30° in the vertical direction.

[0032] Example 6: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that there are 6 outer sliding sleeves 51 and 6 inner sliding rods 52. A rotating shaft 53 is provided on the side wall of the outer sliding sleeve 51 or the inner sliding rod 52 connected to the tower body 11, which is used to drive the inter-tower interconnection assembly 5 to rotate 15° in the vertical direction.

[0033] Example 7: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the top of the inner slide rod 52 is provided with 8 slots 58 at equal intervals, and the top of the outer slide sleeve 51 is provided with 8 insertion holes 59.

[0034] Example 8: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the inner slide rod 52 has 12 slots 58 at equal intervals on its top, and the outer slide sleeve 51 has 12 insertion holes 59 on its top.

[0035] Example 9: This example provides a combined dust suppression method for zoned dust suppression in mining faces, based on the combined dust suppression system for zoned dust suppression in mining faces in Example 1, including the following steps: S1, Dust suppression in the blast zone: such as... Figure 9 As shown; S1-1. Pre-wetting before blasting: 1.5 hours before blasting, the combined dust suppression system is moved to the downwind edge of the blasting area. Each dust suppression tower 1 is arranged in an arc with a spacing of 12m and connected into a rigid frame through the tower interconnection component 5. The drive motor 4 is started, and the inner screw 41 rotates in the forward direction, driving the outer screw 42 and the top sprayer 2 to rise to the highest position, 3m above the ground. The sprayer 2 sprays water mist into the blasting area at a 70° wide angle. The droplet size of the water mist is ≤200μm and lasts for 15 minutes to pre-wet the blasting operation surface. S1-2, Dust suppression at the moment of detonation: After receiving the detonation signal, the sprayer 2 maintains full power spraying, the drive motor 4 reverses, and drives the sprayer 2 to descend to the lowest position within 3 seconds, 1.3m above the ground, and repeats the up and down movement twice to form a three-dimensional fog curtain that sweeps up and down. S1-3. Continuous dust suppression after blasting: Within 7 minutes after blasting, sprayer 2 shall operate intermittently, running for 10 seconds every 30 seconds, to suppress the spread of dust after blasting. S1-4. Surface consolidation of the blast zone: Within 24 hours after detonation, add the spraying medium from sprayer 2 to the concentrated plant fiber solution, mix with water to form a 4% (w / w) plant fiber solution, and spray at 2.5 L / m³. 2 Apply evenly by spraying to form a surface crust that inhibits wind erosion. S2. Dust suppression in the loading area: such as... Figure 10 As shown; S2-1, Pre-start before loading: Move the combined dust suppression system to the area around the loading area. Each dust suppression tower 1 is arranged in a semi-encircling manner along the loading point, with an arc diameter of 12m and a spacing of 10m between the dust suppression towers 1. After receiving the loading operation signal, the drive motor 4 starts, and the sprayer 2 rises to the middle position, 2m above the ground, and sprays fine mist onto the loading point. The droplet size of the fine mist is ≤20μm. S2-2 Dust suppression during loading: Sprayer 2 sprays continuously and adjusts its height according to the bucket lifting height. When the bucket is low, sprayer 2 lowers and when the bucket is high, spraying dynamically follows the dust generation point. S2-3, Loading Interval Standby: If loading is paused for more than 1 minute, sprayer 2 reduces spray volume by 50%, drive motor 4 stops and maintains its current position, and resumes full power when loading resumes; S3. Dust suppression in the transport area: such as Figure 11 As shown; S3-1. Dust suppression when vehicles pass: The combined dust suppression system is arranged along one or both sides of the transportation road. The distance between each dust suppression tower 1 is 15m. They are connected into a linear frame through the tower interconnection component 5 and spread out along the road extension direction. A vehicle identification sensor is installed on the middle side wall of the dust suppression tower 1 closest to the mining area. When the vehicle identification sensor detects that a transport vehicle is approaching, the drive motor 4 is turned on, and the water sprayer 3 starts synchronously and rotates back and forth along the steering groove 12. The nozzle is aimed at the wheel position, 0.4m above the ground, and washes the tires and wheel hubs with a fan-shaped water curtain to suppress the dust carried by the wheels. At the same time, the sprayer 2 is driven to move up and down at 2.2m to spray fine mist into the space above the road. The droplet size of the fine mist is ≤20μm to capture suspended dust. S3-2, Delayed shutdown after vehicle passage: After the vehicle leaves, water sprayer 3 continues to run for 4 seconds and then shuts off, while sprayer 2 shuts off after a 12-second delay; When multiple vehicles pass continuously (interval ≤ 10 seconds), water sprayer 3 and sprayer 2 maintain continuous operation to avoid frequent start-stop. When no vehicles pass for 30 consecutive seconds, water sprayer 3 is completely shut off, and sprayer 2 switches to intermittent mode, spraying for 5 seconds every 60 seconds. At this time, plant fiber concentrate is added to the spraying medium of sprayer 2, and after mixing with water, a plant fiber solution with a mass concentration of 3% is formed, which is then sprayed at 3L / m³. 2 Apply evenly to form a surface crust that inhibits wind erosion and keeps the road surface moist. At the same time, cover the transportation area with gravel to a thickness of 2cm and with gravel particles of 1cm in diameter.

[0036] Example 10: This example differs from Example 9 in that, S1-1, pre-wetting before blasting: 1 hour before blasting, the combined dust suppression system is moved to the downwind edge of the blasting area. Each dust suppression tower 1 is arranged in an arc with a spacing of 10m, and connected into a rigid frame by the tower interconnection component 5. The drive motor 4 is started, and the inner screw 41 rotates in the forward direction, driving the outer screw 42 and the top sprayer 2 to rise to the highest position, 2.5m above the ground. The sprayer 2 sprays water mist into the blasting area at a wide angle of 60°. The droplet size of the water mist is ≤200μm, and the spraying lasts for 10 minutes to pre-wet the blasting operation surface. S1-2, Dust suppression at the moment of detonation: After receiving the detonation signal, the sprayer 2 maintains full power spraying, the drive motor 4 reverses, and drives the sprayer 2 to descend to the lowest position within 2 seconds, 1.2m above the ground, and repeats the up and down movement twice to form a three-dimensional fog curtain that sweeps up and down. S1-3. Continuous dust suppression after blasting: Within 5 minutes after detonation, sprayer 2 shall operate intermittently, running for 5 seconds every 20 seconds to suppress the spread of dust after blasting. S1-4. Surface consolidation of the blast zone: Within 24 hours after detonation, add the spraying medium from sprayer 2 to the concentrated plant fiber solution, mix with water to form a 3% (w / w) plant fiber solution, and spray at 3L / m³. 2 Apply evenly by spraying to form a surface crust that inhibits wind erosion.

[0037] Example 11: This example differs from Example 9 in that, S1-1, Pre-wetting before blasting: 2 hours before blasting, the combined dust suppression system is moved to the downwind edge of the blasting area. Each dust suppression tower 1 is arranged in an arc with a spacing of 15m, and connected into a rigid frame by the tower interconnection component 5. The drive motor 4 is started, and the inner screw 41 rotates in the forward direction, driving the outer screw 42 and the top sprayer 2 to rise to the highest position, 3.5m above the ground. The sprayer 2 sprays water mist into the blasting area at an 80° wide angle. The droplet size of the water mist is ≤200μm, and the spraying lasts for 20 minutes to pre-wet the blasting operation surface. S1-2, Dust suppression at the moment of detonation: After receiving the detonation signal, the sprayer 2 maintains full power spraying, the drive motor 4 reverses, and drives the sprayer 2 to descend to the lowest position within 2 seconds, 1.5m above the ground, and repeats the up and down movement 3 times to form a three-dimensional fog curtain that sweeps up and down. S1-3. Continuous dust suppression after blasting: Within 10 minutes after blasting, sprayer 2 shall be operated intermittently, running for 15 seconds every 40 seconds, to suppress the spread of dust after blasting. S1-4. Surface consolidation of the blast zone: Within 24 hours after detonation, add the spraying medium from sprayer 2 to the concentrated plant fiber solution, mix with water to form a 5% (w / w) plant fiber solution, and spray at 2L / m³. 2 Apply evenly by spraying to form a surface crust that inhibits wind erosion.

[0038] Example 12: This example differs from Example 9 in that, S2-1, pre-start before loading: the combined dust suppression system is moved to the area around the loading zone, and each dust suppression tower 1 is arranged in a semi-encircling manner along the loading point with an arc diameter of 10m and a spacing of 8m between the dust suppression towers 1. After receiving the loading operation signal, the drive motor 4 is started, and the sprayer 2 rises to the middle position, 1.8m above the ground, and sprays fine mist onto the loading point. The droplet size of the fine mist is ≤20μm.

[0039] Example 13: This example differs from Example 9 in that, S2-1, pre-start before loading: the combined dust suppression system is moved to the area around the loading zone, and each dust suppression tower 1 is arranged in a semi-encircling manner along the loading point with an arc diameter of 20m and a spacing of 10m between the dust suppression towers 1. After receiving the loading operation signal, the drive motor 4 is started, and the sprayer 2 rises to the middle position, 1.8m above the ground, and sprays fine mist onto the loading point. The droplet size of the fine mist is ≤20μm.

[0040] Example 14: This example differs from Example 9 in that, S2-1, pre-start before loading: the combined dust suppression system is moved to the area around the loading zone, and each dust suppression tower 1 is arranged in a semi-encircling manner along the loading point with an arc diameter of 20m and a spacing of 12m between the dust suppression towers 1. After receiving the loading operation signal, the drive motor 4 is started, and the sprayer 2 rises to the middle position, 2.2m above the ground, and sprays fine mist onto the loading point. The droplet size of the fine mist is ≤20μm.

[0041] Example 15: This example differs from Example 9 in that, S3-1, dust suppression when vehicles pass: The combined dust suppression system is arranged along one or both sides of the transport road, with each dust suppression tower 1 spaced 5m apart. The water sprayers 3 are started simultaneously and rotate back and forth along the steering groove 12, with the nozzles aimed at the wheel positions, 0.3m above the ground, to wash the tires and wheel hubs with a fan-shaped water curtain to suppress dust carried by the wheels. At the same time, the sprayers 2 are driven to move up and down at 2m to spray fine mist into the space above the road. The droplet size of the fine mist is ≤20μm, capturing suspended dust. S3-2, Delayed shutdown after vehicle passage: After the vehicle leaves, water sprayer 3 continues to run for 3 seconds before shutting off, and sprayer 2 shuts off after a 10-second delay.

[0042] Example 16: This example differs from Example 9 in that, S3-1, dust suppression when vehicles pass: The combined dust suppression system is arranged along one or both sides of the transport road, with each dust suppression tower 1 spaced 25m apart. The water sprayers 3 are started simultaneously and rotate back and forth along the steering groove 12, with the nozzles aimed at the wheel positions, 0.5m above the ground, to wash the tires and wheel hubs with a fan-shaped water curtain to suppress dust carried by the wheels. At the same time, the sprayers 2 are driven to move up and down at 2.5m to spray fine mist into the space above the road. The droplet size of the fine mist is ≤20μm, capturing suspended dust. S3-2, Delayed shutdown after vehicle passage: After the vehicle leaves, water sprayer 3 continues to run for 5 seconds before shutting off, and sprayer 2 shuts off after a delay of 15 seconds.

[0043] Example 17: This example differs from Example 9 in that when multiple vehicles pass continuously (interval ≤ 10s), water sprayer 3 and sprayer 2 maintain continuous operation to avoid frequent start-stop. When no vehicles pass for 30 consecutive seconds, water sprayer 3 is completely shut off, and sprayer 2 switches to intermittent mode, spraying for 10 seconds every 120 seconds. At this time, the spraying medium of sprayer 2 is added to plant fiber concentrate, mixed with water to form a 5% (w / w) plant fiber solution, and sprayed at 2L / m³. 2 Apply evenly to form a surface crust that inhibits wind erosion and keeps the road surface moist. At the same time, cover the transportation area with gravel to a thickness of 5cm and gravel particle size of 3cm.

[0044] Working principle: The working principle of the combined dust suppression system of the present invention will be further explained below based on the method in Example 9.

[0045] For S1-1, S2-1, and S3-1, the height of the sprayer 2 needs to be adjusted in advance. This adjustment should be made before the water sprayer 3 is installed to avoid excessive linkage of the water sprayer 3. That is, without the water sprayer 3 installed, directly turn on the drive motor 4, the inner screw 41 rotates, driving the outer screw 42 and the top sprayer 2 to rise or fall. After reaching the designated position, the water sprayer 3 is then installed. When installing the water sprayer 3, first insert the water supply hose 33 into the tower body 11, pass through the inlet 14, and connect it to the main water pipe 6. Then bend the elastic baffle 31 to allow the entire water sprayer 2 to enter the tower body 11. Then fine-tune the position of the elastic baffle 31 to seal the entire turning groove 12 to prevent dust from entering the tower body 11, while keeping the nozzle of the water sprayer 3 exposed. Then you can start the next step of the work.

[0046] When adding plant fiber concentrate, open valve 72 to allow the plant fiber concentrate in the dosing box 7 to enter the outlet pipe 71 and mix with the flowing water. The concentration of the plant fiber solution can be adjusted by adjusting the opening of valve 72.

[0047] For the inter-tower interconnection component 5, when adjusting the length, the inner diameter of the outer sliding sleeve 51 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the inner sliding rod 52, allowing it to slide freely along the axial direction. Pulling the inner sliding rod 52 to extend or retract within the outer sliding sleeve 51 allows for continuous adjustment of the total length of the entire connecting rod assembly. After adjustment, insert the pin into the insertion hole 59 at the top of the outer sliding sleeve and the slot 58 at the top of the inner sliding rod simultaneously to lock the current length. The stainless steel pin has a diameter of 6-8mm and is spring-loaded to prevent dislodgement. The rotating shaft 53 is set horizontally, allowing the sliding rod to rotate around the shaft in the vertical plane. When there is a height difference on the ground, such as one side of the road being higher than the other, or when the tower body 11 needs to be relatively tilted in an arc-shaped arrangement, the rotating shaft automatically adapts to the angle change to prevent the tower body 11 from tilting or the connecting rod from bending and being stressed.

[0048] Typical scenario: Single-sided arrangement of transportation road: The road has a 3-5° lateral slope, and the pivot 53 compensates for the angle difference to keep each tower 11 vertical; Downwind arrangement of blasting zone in arc shape: Adjacent towers are not on the same straight line, and the pivot 53 allows the slide bar to deflect slightly in the horizontal plane.

[0049] Experimental Example: The combined dust suppression system and method of this invention were used to manage an open-pit mine located in the seasonal local source distribution area of ​​dust storms in Hami City. Gravel is a common surface cover in arid and semi-arid regions and can act as a rough element to alter the interaction between wind and soil surface, thereby inhibiting soil erosion and reducing sand transport rate.

[0050] Hardness of the surface consolidation crust in the blasting zone: The hardness of the soil surface crust was measured 3 and 30 days after the application of plant fiber. The changes in soil crust hardness over time in test areas with different remediation concentrations and dosages are shown in the figure. Figure 12 As shown. The surface hardness of the untreated blank control (CK) was 0.49 kg / cm² on day 3. 2 On day 30, the surface hardness was 0.50 kg / cm². 2 The surface layer has almost no crust. As can be seen from the figure, the soil crust hardness increases over time; 2.5 L / m³ 2 The hardness of the crust in group A was significantly greater than 1.5 L / m. 2 The group showed a greater increase in crust hardness after 30 days; 2.5 L / m 2 The hardness of the crust in all groups was greater than 4.0 kg / cm² after 30 days. 2 .

[0051] Therefore, a 4% concentration, 2.5 L / m³ 2 After the application of plant fiber for repair, the surface soil crust hardness is relatively ideal. The plant fiber concentrate is a commercially available dust suppressant consisting of plant fiber and high molecular polymer.

Claims

1. A combined dust suppression system for zoned dust suppression in mining faces, characterized in that, It includes several interconnected dust suppression towers (1), each dust suppression tower (1) including a cylindrical hollow tower body (11), a sprayer (2) located at the top of the tower body (11), and a water sprayer (3) located in the lower part of the tower body (11). The tower body (11) is fixedly equipped with a drive motor (4) at the bottom. The output end of the drive motor (4) is equipped with an inner screw (41). The upper part of the inner screw (41) is threadedly connected to an outer screw (42). The outer screw (42) is attached to the inner wall of the tower body (11) and slidably connected up and down. The top of the outer screw (42) is connected to the sprayer (2). The water sprayer (3) is detachably snapped into the inner screw (41). A turning groove (12) is provided on the side wall of the tower body (11) corresponding to the location of the water sprayer (3). Each of the dust suppression towers (1) is interconnected with each other via an inter-tower interconnection component (5).

2. The combined dust suppression system for zoned dust suppression in mining operations as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inter-tower interconnection assembly (5) includes several outer sliding sleeves (51) and inner sliding rods (52) arranged alternately. The cross-section of the outer sliding sleeves (51) and the inner sliding rods (52) are both ⊃-shaped, and the outer sliding sleeves (51) and the inner sliding rods (52) are slidably sleeved together. A rotating shaft (53) is provided on the side wall of the outer sliding sleeves (51) or the inner sliding rods (52) connected to the tower body (11) for driving the inter-tower interconnection assembly (5) to rotate 15~30° in the vertical direction. There are 3~12 dust suppression towers (1).

3. The combined dust suppression system for zoned dust suppression in mining operations as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The outer sliding sleeve (51) and the inner sliding rod (52) are provided with a partition (54) in the middle of their concave surfaces. The end of the partition (54) is provided with a flexible baffle (55) that bends upward and downward. Above the partition (54) is a cable receiving cavity (56), and below the partition (54) is a water pipe receiving cavity (57). The top of the inner sliding rod (52) is provided with several slots (58) at equal intervals. The top of the outer sliding sleeve (51) is provided with several insertion holes (59). The slots (58) and the insertion holes (59) are the same size and are connected to insert a pin (8). The outer sliding sleeve (51) and the inner sliding rod (52) each have 3 to 6 slots.

4. The combined dust suppression system for zoned dust suppression in mining operations as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer screw (42) is symmetrically provided with guide ribs (43) on its side wall, and the inner wall of the tower body (11) is provided with guide grooves (13) that slide up and down and are limited to the left and right sides of the guide ribs (43).

5. The combined dust suppression system for zoned dust suppression in mining operations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sprayer (2) has several spray holes (21) on the front of the tower body (11). A main water pipe (6) is fixed on the back of the tower body (11). A dosing box (7) is fixed on the upper part of the tower body (11) on one side corresponding to the main water pipe (6). A dosing pipe (71) is provided at the bottom of the dosing box (7). The end of the dosing pipe (71) is connected to the main water pipe (6). A valve (72) is provided in the middle of the dosing pipe (71).

6. The combined dust suppression system for zoned dust suppression in mining operations as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The tower body (11) has an inlet (14) in the lower middle part of the back side. The turning groove (12) is arc-shaped to make the water sprayer (3) reciprocate. The water sprayer (3) is wrapped by an arc-shaped elastic baffle (31). The back of the water sprayer (3) is provided with a U-shaped locking block (32). The U-shaped locking block (32) is detachably locked to the inner screw (41). The water sprayer (3) is connected to the main water pipe (6) through a water supply hose (33) that passes through the inlet (14).

7. A combined dust suppression method for zoned dust suppression at mining faces, based on the combined dust suppression system for zoned dust suppression at mining faces as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Dust suppression in the blasting zone: S1-1, Pre-wetting before blasting: 1-2 hours before blasting, the combined dust suppression system is moved to the downwind edge of the blasting area. Each dust suppression tower (1) is arranged in an arc shape with a spacing of 10-15m. They are connected into a rigid frame through the tower interconnection component (5). The drive motor (4) is started, and the inner screw (41) rotates in the forward direction, driving the outer screw (42) and the top sprayer (2) to rise to the highest position, 2.5-3.5m above the ground. The sprayer (2) sprays water mist into the blasting area at a wide angle of 60-80° for 10-20 minutes. S1-2, Dust suppression at the moment of detonation: After receiving the detonation signal, the sprayer (2) maintains full power spraying, the drive motor (4) reverses, and drives the sprayer (2) to descend to the lowest position within 2~3s, 1.2~1.5m away from the ground, and repeats the up and down movement 2~3 times; S1-3, Continuous dust suppression after blasting: Within 5 to 10 minutes after blasting, the sprayer (2) shall be kept running intermittently, running for 5 to 15 seconds every 20 to 40 seconds; S1-4. Surface consolidation of the blast zone: Within 24 hours after detonation, the spraying medium of the sprayer (2) is added to the plant fiber concentrate, mixed with water to form a plant fiber solution with a mass concentration of 3-5%, and sprayed at 2-3 L / m³. 2 Spray evenly. S2. Dust suppression in the loading area: S2-1, Pre-start before loading: Move the combined dust suppression system to the area around the loading area. Each dust suppression tower (1) is arranged in a semi-encircling manner along the loading point, with an arc diameter of 10~20m and a spacing of 8~12m between the dust suppression towers (1). After receiving the loading operation signal, the drive motor (4) starts, and the sprayer (2) rises to the middle position, 1.8~2.2m above the ground, and sprays fine mist onto the loading point. S2-2, Dust suppression during loading: The sprayer (2) sprays continuously and adjusts its height according to the bucket lifting height. When the bucket is in a low position, the sprayer (2) lowers and when the bucket is in a high position, it rises, realizing dynamic tracking between the spray and the dust generation point. S2-3, Loading Interval Standby: If loading is paused for more than 1 minute, the sprayer (2) will reduce the spray volume by 50%, and the drive motor (4) will stop and remain in its current position. When loading resumes, it will resume full power. S3. Dust suppression in the transportation area: S3-1, Dust suppression when vehicles pass: The combined dust suppression system is arranged along one or both sides of the transport road. The distance between each dust suppression tower (1) is 5~25m. They are connected into a linear frame through the tower interconnection component (5) and spread out along the road extension direction. A vehicle identification sensor is installed on the middle side wall of the dust suppression tower (1) closest to the mining area. When the vehicle identification sensor detects that the transport vehicle is approaching, the drive motor (4) is turned on. The water sprayer (3) starts synchronously and rotates back and forth along the steering groove (12). The nozzle is aimed at the wheel position and 0.3~0.5m above the ground. The fan-shaped water curtain washes the tires and wheel hubs to suppress the dust carried by the wheels. At the same time, the sprayer (2) is driven to move up and down at 2~2.5m to spray fine mist into the space above the road. S3-2, Delayed shutdown after vehicle passes: After the vehicle leaves, the water sprayer (3) continues to run for 3~5 seconds and then shuts off, and the sprayer (2) shuts off after a delay of 10~15 seconds.

8. The combined dust suppression method for zoned dust suppression in mining faces according to claim 7, characterized in that, The droplet size of the water mist described in S1 is ≤200μm, and the droplet size of the fine mist described in S2 and S3 is ≤20μm.

9. The combined dust suppression method for zoned dust suppression in mining faces according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S3, when multiple vehicles pass continuously (interval ≤ 10s), the water sprayer (3) and the sprayer (2) maintain continuous operation. When no vehicles pass for 30s, the water sprayer (3) is completely shut off, and the sprayer (2) switches to intermittent mode, spraying for 5-10s every 60-120s. At this time, the spraying medium of the sprayer (2) is added to the plant fiber concentrate, and after mixing with water, a plant fiber solution with a mass concentration of 3-5% is formed, sprayed at 2-3L / m 2 Apply the spray evenly and simultaneously cover the transportation area with gravel to a thickness of 2-5 cm and a gravel particle size of 1-3 cm.

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