Fire-fighting anti-jump smoke exhaust fan

Abstract

The application discloses a fire-fighting anti-jump fire smoke exhaust fan, and belongs to the technical field of fan equipment, comprising a flue shell module, a driving component and an impeller assembly, wherein the impeller assembly is composed of a rear impeller disc, a front impeller disc and a plurality of blades, a gas closing plate is slidably installed between the two impeller discs and used for adjusting the gas movement direction, and the driving component is used for adjusting the gas flow direction in the flue shell. The application can actively prevent the smoke from the fire area from escaping, avoid high-temperature impact on the impeller, automatically release fire-extinguishing gas in the backflow state, change from passive smoke exhaust to active fire spread suppression, forcibly change the air duct in the backflow mode, automatically cut off the valve and stop the machine after over-temperature, and thus the safety and fire situation suppression effect of the smoke exhaust fan are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fan equipment technology, specifically relating to a fire-fighting smoke exhaust fan for preventing fire spread. Background Technology

[0002] Smoke exhaust fans are household ventilation appliances installed in the ventilation ducts of residential buildings. They are environmentally friendly, energy-saving, and highly efficient ventilation devices. Their main function is to quickly exhaust the high-temperature smoke from the fire scene when a fire occurs in a residence, buying time for residents to evacuate, and preventing the fire from spreading to other households or public areas through the residential ventilation ducts.

[0003] Traditional centrifugal or axial flow smoke exhaust fans typically employ a unidirectional air intake pneumatic layout, meaning their inlets can only receive smoke from the direction of the fire. When the temperature in the fire area continues to rise, the smoke carrying a large amount of high-temperature combustion products spreads along the inner wall of the residential smoke exhaust duct, potentially causing flames to escape along the duct and spread to other parts of the residence. These fans lack effective structures to block the spread of fire. When the smoke temperature exceeds the operating limit, continuous thermal shock can easily cause impeller material ablation or rotor structure failure. They can only rely on passive fire dampers to cut off the airflow, lacking active intervention capabilities and making it difficult to suppress the spread of flames in residential fires. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a fire-fighting smoke exhaust fan to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A fire-fighting smoke exhaust fan for preventing fire spread includes a flue shell module, a drive component, and an impeller assembly. The impeller assembly is rotatably disposed in the flue shell module, and the drive component is rotatably connected to the impeller assembly to adjust the gas flow direction in the flue shell module. The impeller assembly includes a rear impeller disk, a rear disk groove, a front impeller disk, a front disk groove, blades, and a sealing plate. The rear impeller disk and the front impeller disk are coaxially arranged, and a number of blades are fixedly assembled between the rear impeller disk and the front impeller disk. The rear impeller disk and the front impeller disk are respectively provided with a rear disk groove and a front disk groove. The sealing plate is slidably arranged between the rear impeller disk and the front impeller disk for movably sealing the rear disk groove and the front disk groove.

[0006] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the flue housing module includes a base assembly, the base assembly including a base and a sheet metal cover, the sheet metal cover being assembled on the base; the flue housing module also includes a housing assembly, the housing assembly including a lower spiral housing, an upper spiral housing, a flue pipe, a rear guide sleeve and a front guide sleeve, the lower spiral housing being fixedly assembled on the base, the upper spiral housing being fixedly assembled on the lower spiral housing, the rear ends of the lower spiral housing and the upper spiral housing being equipped with a rear guide sleeve, and the front ends of the lower spiral housing and the upper spiral housing being equipped with a front guide sleeve.

[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the driving component includes a main spindle motor and a transmission shaft. The main spindle motor is fixedly mounted on the base, and one end of the main spindle motor shaft is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft. The driving component also includes a lateral support, a telescopic adjustment rod, a connecting key, a bushing slider, a transmission rod, a rear sealing plate, a guide sleeve, and a guide post. The lateral support is fixedly mounted on the base, and the telescopic adjustment rod is slidably mounted on the lateral support. The end of the telescopic adjustment rod is also fixedly mounted with a connecting key and a bushing slider. One end of the transmission rod is rotatably connected to the bushing slider, and the other end of the transmission rod is rotatably connected to the rear sealing plate. The rear sealing plate is slidably mounted on one side of the rear guide sleeve, and a guide sleeve is fixedly mounted on the rear sealing plate. The guide post is fixedly connected to the base, and the guide sleeve is elastically slidably mounted on the guide post.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the driving component further includes a linkage frame, a shaft, and an adjusting wheel. The linkage frame is fixedly mounted on the connecting key, one end of the shaft is fixedly connected to the linkage frame, and the other end of the shaft is rotatably connected to the adjusting wheel.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the impeller assembly further includes a main shaft, a concentric sleeve shaft, guide rods, a traction disc, a connecting sleeve, a shaft bracket, and a limiting sleeve. The main shaft is coaxially arranged with the rear impeller disc and the front impeller disc. One end of the main shaft is fixedly connected to the drive shaft, and the outer diameter end of the main shaft is slidably fitted with the concentric sleeve shaft. One end of the rear impeller disc is also arranged with a plurality of guide rods in an array. The traction disc is slidably fitted on the guide rods, and one end of the traction disc is fixedly connected to the concentric sleeve shaft, while the other end of the traction disc is fixedly connected to the air-sealing plate. The shaft bracket is arranged on one side of the front impeller disc, and a limiting sleeve is provided in the middle of the shaft bracket. The limiting sleeve is rotatably fitted on the end of the main shaft.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the flue shell module further includes a flow guiding chamber assembly. The flow guiding chamber assembly includes a flow guiding shell, a top flow guiding groove, a first bottom flow guiding groove, a second bottom flow guiding groove, and a side flow guiding groove. A side groove is provided through one side of the exhaust pipe, and a closed chamber is fixedly assembled at the other end of the side groove. The flow guiding shell is slidably arranged in the side groove. A top flow guiding groove is provided on the top surface of the flow guiding shell. A first bottom flow guiding groove and a second bottom flow guiding groove are provided on the bottom surface of the flow guiding shell. A side flow guiding groove is provided on the side of the flow guiding shell.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a return pipe is also connected to one side of the enclosed chamber, and the end of the return pipe is connected to the front guide sleeve. The front guide sleeve is equipped with a sensor for detecting changes in flue gas temperature and a fuse.

[0012] In summary, the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: This invention achieves flexible switching between smoke exhaust and positive pressure air supply recirculation through a dual-mode switching structure. When the smoke temperature does not reach the critical value, the system automatically drives the air-sealing plate to block the front plate slot and opens the rear guide sleeve, so that fresh air is pumped in reverse, effectively preventing the smoke in the fire zone from escaping outward. This not only avoids the high-temperature smoke from directly impacting the impeller, but also reduces the risk of fire spreading along the pipeline and improves the adaptability of the fan in complex fire environments. Furthermore, this invention integrates a carbon dioxide active fire extinguishing system that works in conjunction with the airflow reverse mode. When switching to the recirculation state, the linkage triggers the safety pin of the gas cylinder, and high-pressure carbon dioxide gas is drawn into the gas guiding chamber through the rear guide sleeve and transported to the front high-temperature area through the recirculation path, actively suppressing the combustion and spread of flames, enhancing the fan's active intervention capability in fires, and filling the gap in traditional smoke exhaust equipment that can only passively exhaust air. Furthermore, the present invention is equipped with a sliding guide shell and a multi-channel guide groove structure, which automatically blocks the original smoke exhaust path in the recirculation mode, and forces the gas to be diverted to be transported to the front guide sleeve through the side guide groove and the recirculation pipe, ensuring that the reverse airflow is stable and controllable. At the same time, it automatically cuts off the fire valve and stops the machine for maintenance after overheating, which greatly improves the safety redundancy and automation level of the fire smoke exhaust system. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pedestal assembly and the driving component in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the driving component in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of reference numeral A in the attached figure.

[0017] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of reference numeral B in the attached figure.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the housing assembly in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the impeller assembly in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the impeller assembly from another perspective in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flow guide assembly in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the airflow direction in a smoke exhaust mode according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the airflow direction in a recirculation mode according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure label: Stand assembly, 101-stand, 102-sheet metal cover; Drive components, 201-Main spindle motor, 202-Drive shaft, 203-Side bracket, 204-Telescopic adjustment rod, 205-Connecting key, 206-Shaft sleeve slider, 207-Drive rod, 208-Rear sealing plate, 209-Matching groove, 210-Guide sleeve, 211-Guide post, 212-Linkage frame, 213-Shaft rod, 214-Adjusting wheel, 215-Angle iron, 216-Air pipe, 217-Steel wire; Shell assembly, 301-lower spiral shell, 302-upper spiral shell, 303-smoke exhaust duct, 304-rear guide sleeve, 305-groove, 306-front guide sleeve, 307-side groove, 308-closed compartment, 309-return pipe; Impeller assembly, 401-rear impeller disk, 402-rear disk groove, 403-front impeller disk, 404-front disk groove, 405-blade, 406-main shaft, 407-concentric sleeve shaft, 408-guide rod, 409-traction disk, 410-connecting sleeve, 411-air-sealing plate, 412-shaft bracket, 413-limiting shaft sleeve; The flow guide chamber assembly includes: 501-flow guide shell, 502-top flow guide groove, 503-first bottom flow guide groove, 504-second bottom flow guide groove, and 505-side flow guide groove. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the structural features and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] Please see Figures 1-11 According to one embodiment of the present invention, a fire-fighting smoke exhaust fan for preventing fire spread has a first direction x, a second direction y, and a third direction z. The fire-fighting smoke exhaust fan includes a flue housing module, a drive component 2, and an impeller assembly 4. The impeller assembly 4 is rotatably arranged in the flue housing module. The drive component 2 is rotatably connected to the impeller assembly 4 and is used to adjust the gas flow direction in the flue housing module. The impeller assembly 4 includes a rear impeller disk 401, a rear disk groove 402, a front impeller disk 403, a front disk groove 404, blades 405, and a sealing plate 411. The rear impeller disk 401 and the front impeller disk 403 are coaxially arranged, and a plurality of blades 405 are fixedly assembled between the rear impeller disk 401 and the front impeller disk 403. The rear impeller disk 401 and the front impeller disk 403 are respectively provided with a rear disk groove 402 and a front disk groove 404. A gas-sealing plate 411 is slidably arranged between the rear impeller disk 401 and the front impeller disk 403, used to movably block the rear disk groove 402 and the front disk groove 404; the flue housing module includes a base assembly 1, the base assembly 1 includes a base 101 and a sheet metal cover 102, the sheet metal cover 102 is assembled on the base 101; the flue housing module also includes a housing assembly 3, the housing assembly 3 includes a lower spiral housing 301, an upper spiral housing 302, a flue pipe 303, a rear guide sleeve 304 and a front guide sleeve 306, the lower spiral housing 301 is fixedly assembled on the base 101, the upper spiral housing 302 is fixedly assembled on the lower spiral housing 301, the rear end of the lower spiral housing 301 and the upper spiral housing 302 is equipped with a rear guide sleeve 304, and the front end of the lower spiral housing 301 and the upper spiral housing 302 is equipped with a front guide sleeve 306.

[0027] In practical application, the main structure of the fire-fighting smoke exhaust fan is composed of a flue shell module, a drive component 2, and an impeller assembly 4. The flue shell module includes a base assembly 1 and a shell assembly 3. A sheet metal cover 102 is fixedly mounted on the base 101 of the base assembly 1. Several carbon dioxide fire extinguishing cylinders are pre-installed inside the sheet metal cover 102. A drive shaft 202 is coaxially mounted on one side of the main shaft motor 201. The drive shaft 202 is arranged along the x-axis and is connected to the impeller assembly 4 for driving the rear impeller disk 401 and the front impeller disk 403 to achieve high-speed centrifugal rotation in the yoz plane. The lower spiral shell 301 and the upper spiral shell 302 are fixedly assembled and connected by fasteners. The internal cavities of the two together form a spiral airflow guide cavity. A smoke exhaust pipe 303 is provided at the end of the guide cavity as an exhaust outlet. Based on the aerodynamic principle of a centrifugal impeller, this fan adopts an axial air intake and circumferential air exhaust working principle. Two sets of air intake ends are respectively located on both sides of the lower spiral shell 301 and the upper spiral shell 302, specifically at the ends of the rear guide sleeve 304 and the front guide sleeve 306. Both the rear guide sleeve 304 and the front guide sleeve 306 are coaxially arranged with the drive shaft 202. This gas guiding structure has two switchable working states. When external gas normally enters the guide cavity along the front guide sleeve 306, the fan is in smoke exhaust mode. At this time, the high-temperature flue gas from the outside is drawn into the air guide cavity along the front guide sleeve 306 and flows along the inner wall of the spiral shell under the action of centrifugal force. Finally, it is transported to the side of the exhaust pipe 303 and discharged. When the real-time temperature of the external flue gas continues to rise but has not yet reached 280 degrees Celsius (280 degrees Celsius is usually the limit temperature of the fuse), the temperature sensor set inside the front guide sleeve 306 accurately measures the real-time temperature of the gas and feeds the temperature signal back to the controller. The controller then drives the air-sealing plate 411 to move linearly through the external drive source. In exhaust mode, the air-sealing plate 411 is attached to one end of the rear impeller disk 401, ensuring that external flue gas can only be drawn into the housing through the front disk groove 404 opened on one side of the front impeller disk 403. When the air-sealing plate 411 moves axially along the x-axis and is attached to one side of the front disk groove 404, the front disk groove 404 is in a blocked state. At the same time, the rear guide sleeve 304 switches to the open state, allowing non-combustion flue gas or fresh air on the side of the rear guide sleeve 304 to be drawn into the housing and pumped in reverse along the gas flow channel, finally exiting from the front guide sleeve 301. The system has six outlets. By reversing the airflow direction, it switches from smoke exhaust mode to positive pressure air supply recirculation mode, preventing smoke from the fire area from escaping through the duct. At the same time, the carbon dioxide fire extinguishing cylinder pre-installed in the base 101 simultaneously sprays carbon dioxide gas into the rear guide sleeve 304 to actively suppress the continued combustion and spread of the flame. When the temperature of the smoke caused by the external fire continues to rise and exceeds 280 degrees Celsius, the fuse installed inside the front guide sleeve 306 is triggered to disconnect, causing the controller to cut off the fireproof valve on the air inlet side of the duct. At this time, the fan enters a shutdown and maintenance state.

[0028] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the driving component 2 includes a spindle motor 201 and a transmission shaft 202. The spindle motor 201 is fixedly mounted on the base 101, and one end of the shaft of the spindle motor 201 is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft 202. The driving component 2 also includes a lateral support 203, a telescopic adjustment rod 204, a connecting key 205, a bushing slider 206, a transmission rod 207, a rear sealing plate 208, a guide sleeve 210, and a guide post 211. The lateral support 203 is fixedly mounted on the base 101, and the telescopic adjustment rod... The 204 limiting sliding assembly is mounted on the side bracket 203. The end of the telescopic adjustment rod 204 is also fixedly provided with a connecting key 205 and a bushing slider 206. One end of the transmission rod 207 is rotatably connected to the bushing slider 206, and the other end of the transmission rod 207 is rotatably connected to the rear sealing plate 208. The rear sealing plate 208 is slidably arranged on one side of the rear guide sleeve 304, and a guide sleeve 210 is fixedly mounted on the rear sealing plate 208. The guide post 211 is fixedly connected to the base 101, and the guide sleeve 210 is elastically slidably sleeved on the guide post 211.

[0029] In practical application, the main spindle motor 201 is fixedly mounted on the base 101, and the end of the motor shaft of the main spindle motor 201 is connected to the transmission shaft 202 via a flange. The lateral support 203 is fixedly arranged on the base 101. The telescopic adjustment rod 204 is mounted on the lateral support 203 in a limited sliding manner along the x-axis direction, and the movement of the telescopic adjustment rod 204 is driven by an external drive source. The specific drive source is not limited here. When the telescopic adjustment rod 204 moves along the positive x-axis, it drives the connecting key 205 and the bushing slider 206 to move synchronously along the positive x-axis. Since the end of the bushing slider 206 is rotatably connected to the transmission rod 207, and the end of the transmission rod 207 is rotatably connected to the rear sealing plate 208, the bushing slider 206 can simultaneously push the rear sealing plate 208 to move along the negative z-axis while pushing the transmission rod 207. The guide sleeve 210 on one side is slidably fitted onto the guide post 211 with an elastic reset function, thus allowing the rear sealing plate 208 to slide away from the rear guide sleeve 304 along the negative z-axis. The rear sealing plate 208 is also provided with a matching groove 209, which is in sliding contact with the concentric sleeve shaft 407 and is structurally matched and fitted with the groove 305 on the rear guide sleeve 304, so that the rear sealing plate 208 slides along the z-axis. When the rear guide sleeve 304 slides and adheres to the rear guide sleeve 304 in the negative direction of the axis, the gas passage on one side of the rear guide sleeve 304 is blocked by the rear sealing plate 208 and is in a completely blocked state. When the rear sealing plate 208 slides away from the rear guide sleeve 304 in the positive direction of the z-axis, the rear guide sleeve 304 switches from the blocked state to the open state, thereby causing the air on one side of the rear guide sleeve 304 to be drawn into the air guide cavity, thereby changing the flow path and distribution state of the gas in the air guide cavity.

[0030] Furthermore, the driving component 2 also includes a linkage frame 212, a shaft 213, and an adjusting wheel 214. The linkage frame 212 is fixedly mounted on the connecting key 205. One end of the shaft 213 is fixedly connected to the linkage frame 212, and the other end of the shaft 213 is rotatably connected to the adjusting wheel 214. The linkage frame 212 is fixedly mounted on the connecting key 205 so that when the connecting key 205 moves linearly along the x-axis, the linkage frame 212 moves synchronously along the x-axis. The adjusting wheel 214 is rotatably mounted on the end of the shaft 213. The groove of the adjusting wheel 214 is fitted with one end of the concentric sleeve shaft 407, so that when the concentric sleeve shaft 407 rotates in the yoz plane, the adjusting wheel 214 can rotate synchronously with the concentric sleeve shaft 407. When the adjusting wheel 214 is driven by the linkage frame 212 to produce a linear displacement along the x-axis, the adjusting wheel 214 can synchronously push the concentric sleeve shaft 407 to make a corresponding linear movement along the x-axis, thereby adjusting the working position of the air-sealing plate 411 in the air passage or flow channel through the displacement along the x-axis.

[0031] Furthermore, the driving component also includes an angle iron 215, an air pipe 216, and a steel wire 217. The angle iron 215 is fixedly arranged on one side of the linkage frame 212. One end of the air pipe 216 is fitted into the angle iron 215, and the other end of the air pipe 216 is connected to the output port of the carbon dioxide fire extinguishing cylinder. The steel wire 217 forms a mechanical lock with the safety pin of the cylinder. When the linkage frame 212 drives the angle iron 215 to move linearly along the positive x-axis, the angle iron 215 synchronously pulls the steel wire 217 through the transmission relationship between its internal structure and the air pipe 216, thereby locking the safety pin on the cylinder. Pulling it out from the locked position triggers the release condition of the gas cylinder, causing the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas stored inside to be ejected outward through the guide channel of the gas pipe 216. The gas pipe 216 is arranged in the direction of facing one end of the rear guide sleeve 304, so that the ejected carbon dioxide gas can be actively drawn into the gas guide chamber, and further transported to the high-temperature area on one side of the front guide sleeve 306 through the gas path of the return flow path, so as to continuously suppress the combustion reaction of the flame through the return flow mode, ensuring that the extinguishing medium forms an inert gas covering layer in the combustion zone, thereby slowing down the combustion and spread of the flame.

[0032] Please see Figure 7In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the impeller assembly 4 further includes a main shaft 406, a concentric sleeve shaft 407, a guide rod 408, a traction disc 409, a connecting sleeve 410, a shaft bracket 412, and a limiting sleeve 413. The main shaft 406 is coaxially arranged with the rear impeller disc 401 and the front impeller disc 403. One end of the main shaft 406 is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft 202, and the concentric sleeve shaft 407 is slidably sleeved on the outer diameter end of the main shaft 406. The rear impeller... One end of the impeller 401 is also provided with a number of guide rods 408 arranged in an array. The traction disc 409 is slidably sleeved on the guide rods 408, and one end of the traction disc 409 is fixedly connected to the concentric sleeve shaft 407, and the other end of the traction disc 409 is fixedly connected to the air-sealing plate 411. The shaft frame 412 is arranged on one side of the front impeller 403, and a limiting shaft sleeve 413 is provided in the middle of the shaft frame 412. The limiting shaft sleeve 413 is rotatably sleeved on the end of the main shaft 406.

[0033] In practical application, the main shaft 406 and the transmission shaft 202 are coaxially locked through a flange assembly, ensuring that the main shaft 406 rotates around a fixed axis in the yoz plane. The concentric sleeve shaft 407 is slidably fitted onto the outside of the main shaft 406 along the x-axis. A plurality of guide rods 408 are evenly arranged around one end of the rear impeller disk 401. The traction disk 409 is slidably fitted onto each guide rod 408 and fixedly connected to the concentric sleeve shaft 407. Thus, when the concentric sleeve shaft 407 is displaced along the x-axis, the traction disk 409 also moves synchronously along the x-axis, thereby pushing the connecting sleeve 410 and the air-sealing plate located on one side of it. 411 moves along the x-axis. During this movement, the rear sealing plate 208 slides away from the rear guide sleeve 304 and disengages from it. At the same time, the air-sealing plate 411 is attached to one end of the front disc groove 404, thereby switching the gas movement mode in the housing from the exhaust mode to the recirculation mode. The shaft bracket 412 is fixedly set on one side of the front impeller disk 403. On the one hand, it is used to limit the maximum sliding distance that the air-sealing plate 411 can reach along the x-axis. On the other hand, the limiting shaft sleeve 413 set in the middle of the shaft bracket 412 is rotatably fitted onto the end of the front guide sleeve 306 to prevent jumping during rotation while ensuring coaxiality with the main shaft 406.

[0034] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the flue shell module further includes a flow guide chamber assembly 5. The flow guide chamber assembly 5 includes a flow guide shell 501, a top flow guide groove 502, a first bottom flow guide groove 503, a second bottom flow guide groove 504, and a side flow guide groove 505. A side groove 307 is provided through one side of the exhaust pipe 303, and a closed chamber 308 is fixedly assembled at the other end of the side groove 307. The flow guide shell 501 is slidably arranged in the side groove 307. The top surface of the flow guide shell 501 is provided with a top flow guide groove 502. The bottom surface of the flow guide shell 501 is provided with a first bottom flow guide groove 503 and a second bottom flow guide groove 504. The side surface of the flow guide shell 501 is provided with a side flow guide groove 505.

[0035] In practical application, the guide housing 501 is assembled in the side groove 307 with a limiting sliding fit. When the air guide chamber is in the smoke exhaust mode, the top guide groove 502 on the top side of the guide housing 501 and the first bottom guide groove 503 on the bottom side of the guide housing 501 are both connected to the smoke exhaust pipe 303. This allows the high-temperature flue gas accumulated in the air guide chamber to pass through the top guide groove 502 and the first bottom guide groove 503 in sequence, and finally be discharged outward through the smoke exhaust pipe 303, achieving directional emission of flue gas. When the air guide chamber switches to the recirculation mode, the guide housing 501 performs a limiting sliding action along the positive x-axis. This sliding process causes the top guide groove 502 and the first bottom guide groove 503 to move synchronously to the internal area of ​​the closed chamber 308. In this state, the top inner wall and the bottom inner wall of the closed chamber 308 are respectively aligned with the top guide groove 502. The first bottom guide channel 503 forms a mechanical blockage, thereby blocking the connection path between the two and the smoke exhaust pipe 303. At the same time, after the guide housing 501 completes the above-mentioned sliding displacement, its outer surface seals the inlet end of the smoke exhaust pipe 303, thereby forcibly changing the gas flow path inside the gas guide chamber. This causes the gas drawn into the gas guide chamber to enter the second bottom guide channel 504, and then can only be discharged directionally along the side guide channel 505 set on one side of the guide housing 501. The outlet end of the side guide channel 505 is connected to the return pipe 309 configured on one side of the closed chamber 308. This allows the return gas to be transported to the front guide sleeve 306 along the return pipe 309. This return path effectively suppresses the intrusion of external high-temperature flue gas into the system. At the same time, the synchronously released carbon dioxide gas exerts an inhibitory effect on the combustion zone, thereby delaying the spread of the fire.

[0036] Furthermore, a return pipe 309 is connected to one side of the enclosed chamber 308. The end of the return pipe 309 is connected to the front guide sleeve 306. The front guide sleeve 306 is equipped with a sensor for detecting changes in flue gas temperature and a fuse. When the flue gas temperature continues to rise and exceeds the preset threshold range, the fan first executes the return mode formed by reverse air supply. The reverse airflow is used to initially suppress and block the high-temperature flue gas to prevent the flue gas from directly impacting and burning the impeller structure. When the flue gas temperature rises further to the limit temperature resistance threshold of the fuse, the controller automatically closes the air valve on one side of the air duct to achieve physical isolation of the flue gas intrusion path. The air valve structure is based on existing technology, and its specific structure and working principle will not be elaborated here.

[0037] The specific workflow of this embodiment is as follows: S1: External high-temperature flue gas is drawn into the spiral guide cavity through the front guide sleeve 306. The impeller assembly 4 rotates at high speed to generate centrifugal force. The flue gas flows along the inner wall of the spiral shell and is finally discharged in a direction through the exhaust pipe 303. S2: The temperature sensor detects the flue gas temperature in real time. When the temperature continues to rise but does not reach 280℃, it sends a feedback signal to the controller to prepare to switch the working mode. S3: The controller drives the telescopic adjustment rod 204 to move axially, and through the transmission rod 207, it drives the rear sealing plate 208 to disengage from the rear guide sleeve 304. At the same time, the linkage frame 212 pushes the concentric sleeve shaft 407 to make the air-sealing plate 411 block the front plate groove 404. S4: When the rear guide sleeve 304 is opened, non-combustion smoke or fresh air is drawn into the housing, and the gas flows in the opposite direction and is discharged from the front guide sleeve 306 to prevent smoke from escaping from the fire zone. S5: The linkage frame 212 moves to trigger the safety pin of the gas cylinder to be pulled out. High-pressure carbon dioxide gas is sprayed into the rear guide sleeve 304 through the guide channel and is sucked into the gas guide chamber to suppress the flame. S6: The sliding of the guide shell 501 causes the top guide channel 502 and the first bottom guide channel 503 to be blocked in the closed chamber 308. The gas is diverted through the side guide channel 505 and the return pipe 309 to the front guide sleeve 306 to maintain the return path. S7: When the flue gas temperature exceeds 280℃, the fuse inside the 306 front guide sleeve is triggered, the controller cuts off the fireproof valve on the air inlet side of the duct, and the fan enters the shutdown and maintenance state.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fire-fighting smoke exhaust fan for preventing fire spread, characterized in that, include: The flue housing module, the drive component, and the impeller assembly are rotatably arranged in the flue housing module. The drive component is rotatably connected to the impeller assembly and is used to adjust the gas flow direction in the flue housing module. The impeller assembly includes a rear impeller disk, a rear disk groove, a front impeller disk, a front disk groove, blades, and a sealing plate. The rear impeller disk and the front impeller disk are coaxially arranged, and a number of blades are fixedly assembled between the rear impeller disk and the front impeller disk. The rear impeller disk and the front impeller disk are respectively provided with a rear disk groove and a front disk groove. The sealing plate is slidably arranged between the rear impeller disk and the front impeller disk for movably sealing the rear disk groove and the front disk groove.

2. A fire-fighting smoke exhaust fan for preventing fire spread according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flue housing module includes a base assembly, the base assembly includes a base and a sheet metal cover, and the sheet metal cover is assembled on the base. The flue housing module also includes a housing assembly, which includes a lower spiral housing, an upper spiral housing, a flue pipe, a rear guide sleeve, and a front guide sleeve. The lower spiral housing is fixedly mounted on the base, and the upper spiral housing is fixedly mounted on the lower spiral housing. The rear ends of the lower and upper spiral housings are equipped with rear guide sleeves, and the front ends of the lower and upper spiral housings are equipped with front guide sleeves.

3. A fire-fighting smoke exhaust fan for preventing fire spread according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving component includes a spindle motor and a transmission shaft. The spindle motor is fixedly mounted on the base, and one end of the spindle motor shaft is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft. The driving component further includes a lateral support, a telescopic adjustment rod, a connecting key, a bushing slider, a transmission rod, a rear sealing plate, a guide sleeve, and a guide post. The lateral support is fixedly mounted on the base. The telescopic adjustment rod is slidably mounted on the lateral support. The end of the telescopic adjustment rod is also fixedly provided with a connecting key and a bushing slider. One end of the transmission rod is rotatably connected to the bushing slider, and the other end of the transmission rod is rotatably connected to the rear sealing plate. The rear sealing plate is slidably mounted on one side of the rear guide sleeve, and a guide sleeve is fixedly mounted on the rear sealing plate. The guide post is fixedly connected to the base, and the guide sleeve is elastically slidably mounted on the guide post.

4. A fire-fighting smoke exhaust fan for preventing fire spread according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving component also includes a linkage frame, a shaft, and an adjusting wheel. The linkage frame is fixedly mounted on the connecting key, one end of the shaft is fixedly connected to the linkage frame, and the other end of the shaft is rotatably connected to the adjusting wheel.

5. A fire-fighting smoke exhaust fan for preventing fire spread according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impeller assembly also includes a main shaft, a concentric sleeve shaft, guide rods, a traction disc, a connecting sleeve, a shaft bracket, and a limiting sleeve. The main shaft is coaxially arranged with the rear impeller disc and the front impeller disc. One end of the main shaft is fixedly connected to the drive shaft. The outer diameter end of the main shaft is slidably fitted with the concentric sleeve shaft. One end of the rear impeller disc is also arrayed with several guide rods. The traction disc is slidably fitted on the guide rods, and one end of the traction disc is fixedly connected to the concentric sleeve shaft. The other end of the traction disc is fixedly connected to the air-sealing plate. The shaft bracket is arranged on one side of the front impeller disk, and a limiting sleeve is provided in the middle of the shaft bracket. The limiting sleeve is rotatably sleeved on the end of the main shaft.

6. A fire-fighting smoke exhaust fan for preventing fire spread according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flue shell module also includes a flow guide chamber assembly, which includes a flow guide shell, a top flow guide groove, a first bottom flow guide groove, a second bottom flow guide groove, and a side flow guide groove. A side groove is provided through one side of the exhaust pipe, and a closed chamber is fixedly installed at the other end of the side groove. The flow guide shell is slidably arranged in the side groove. A top flow guide groove is provided on the top surface of the flow guide shell. A first bottom flow guide groove and a second bottom flow guide groove are provided on the bottom surface of the flow guide shell. A side flow guide groove is provided on the side of the flow guide shell.

7. A fire-fighting smoke exhaust fan for preventing fire spread according to claim 6, characterized in that, One side of the enclosed chamber is also connected to a return pipe, the end of which is connected to a front guide sleeve. The front guide sleeve is equipped with a sensor and a fuse for detecting changes in flue gas temperature.

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