A garbage drying and incineration heat coupling treatment system

Abstract

The application discloses a garbage drying and incineration heat coupling treatment system and belongs to the technical field of incineration, which comprises an incinerator and a conveying belt, the top of the incinerator is provided with a chimney pipe, and the application further comprises a material box mechanism, a flow distribution structure, a heat circulation structure and a feeding mechanism. The application can obtain accurate humidity distribution data in real time, and a control unit can instruct a flow distribution motor to act according to a preset humidity threshold value, so that the angle of a flow distribution plate can be adjusted, and the material flow can be preliminarily separated according to humidity in the movement process. The angle of the flow distribution plate can be adjusted through the flow distribution motor, the same batch of materials can be left and right distributed according to different humidity, and then the material flow can be secondarily guided through an angle-adjustable adjusting plate, high-humidity materials are sent into a drying cavity, and low-humidity or suitable materials are directly poured into a feeding cavity, so that the wet garbage can be prevented from being stuck on the inner wall of the material box to form a blockage after entering the material box, and the high-humidity garbage can be prevented from directly entering the incinerator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field, specifically a waste drying and incineration thermal coupling treatment system. Background Technology

[0002] The composition and moisture content of municipal solid waste and some industrial waste are highly complex and fluctuating. This characteristic poses a significant challenge to subsequent incineration: direct feeding of high-moisture waste into the furnace will drastically reduce the furnace temperature, leading to incomplete combustion. This not only reduces steam production and power generation efficiency, but is also a major cause of the formation of harmful pollutants such as dioxins and carbon monoxide.

[0003] Existing waste pretreatment technologies mainly focus on physical sorting (such as screening, magnetic separation, and air separation) and mechanical dewatering (such as extrusion). When dealing with high-moisture, easily clump-forming municipal solid waste, the following technical problems urgently need to be solved: Traditional sorting methods are poorly adapted to wet waste, are prone to clogging, and cannot be sorted according to incineration requirements. Conventional mechanical screening equipment such as drum screens and bouncing screens are easily clogged by wet waste when processing high-moisture and high-viscosity waste, resulting in a sharp drop in sorting efficiency, frequent cleaning and maintenance of equipment, and affecting continuous operation. More importantly, these sorting methods are based on the physical size, density, or magnetism of the material, rather than the core attributes that are directly related to combustion efficiency.

[0004] Meanwhile, the energy utilization efficiency is low, the pretreatment is disconnected from the main incineration process, and the feeding method is crude. Many pretreatment schemes aimed at improving the performance of waste incineration require additional consumption of natural gas or electricity for their drying heat source, which fails to form a closed loop with the huge waste heat resources of the incineration line itself, resulting in poor economic efficiency. At the same time, the pretreated material is usually continuously or in large batches fed into the furnace through a single channel. When the moisture content of the waste fluctuates, it will still cause periodic thermal shock to the furnace.

[0005] Meanwhile, each pretreatment unit operates in isolation, lacking global intelligent collaboration based on material characteristics. Currently, although advanced incineration plants are equipped with a variety of pretreatment equipment, each unit (such as crushers, screening machines, and conveyors) is usually controlled independently or only started and stopped in a simple sequence. The entire pretreatment process is fixed and rigid, and it is impossible to dynamically adjust process parameters according to the real-time composition (especially humidity) of the incoming waste.

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a waste drying and incineration thermal coupling treatment system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a waste drying and incineration thermal coupling treatment system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a waste drying and incineration thermal coupling treatment system, including an incinerator and a conveyor belt, wherein the top of the incinerator is provided with a chimney pipe, and further includes a material box mechanism, a diversion structure, a thermal circulation structure, a feeding mechanism and a control unit; The feed box mechanism is located at the top of the incinerator, and its interior has a feeding chamber and a drying chamber arranged side by side. The diversion structure is located above the conveyor belt and in front of the feed inlet of the material box mechanism, and includes an RF moisture meter, a diversion plate, and an adjustment plate. The RF moisture meter is used to detect the humidity of the material on the conveyor belt. The angle of the diversion plate is adjustable and is used to divert the material flow according to the detected humidity information. The angle of the adjustment plate is adjustable and is used to guide the diverted material to the drying chamber or the feeding chamber respectively. The drying chamber is equipped with a humidity sensor to monitor the material drying process; The thermal circulation structure is located outside the material box mechanism and is used to indirectly heat and dry the material in the drying chamber using the waste heat of the incinerator. The feeding mechanisms are respectively located at the bottom outlets of the drying chamber and the feeding chamber; each feeding mechanism includes an openable and closable sealing plate, as well as an opening and closing structure and a resetting structure for driving the sealing plate to open and close and realize batch feeding; the feeding mechanism at the bottom of the drying chamber is configured to feed the dried material into the incinerator in batches. The control unit is electrically connected to the radio frequency moisture meter, humidity sensor, drive mechanism of the shunt structure, drive mechanism of the regulating plate, thermodynamic circulation structure and drive components of each feeding mechanism. The control unit is configured to: control the operation of the diversion plate and the regulating plate according to the detection data of the radio frequency moisture meter; adjust the working intensity and drying time of the thermal circulation structure according to the data of the humidity sensor in the drying chamber; and control each feeding mechanism to feed the material into the incinerator in a preset batch manner. The control unit synchronously adjusts the material diversion, feeding frequency and opening of the drying chamber according to the real-time detected material humidity, drying progress and incineration temperature.

[0009] Furthermore, the shunt structure also includes an electric slide rail, on which the radio frequency moisture meter is mounted, and the electric slide rail drives the radio frequency moisture meter to move along the transport bandwidth direction.

[0010] Furthermore: the thermal circulation structure includes a first circulation pipe, a second circulation pipe, a water pump, a heat-conducting block, and a fan; the first circulation pipe is arranged in a serpentine coil on both sides of the inner wall of the drying chamber, and its two ends are connected to the water pump through pipelines to form a closed loop; The second circulation pipe passes through the support frame inside the drying chamber; the heat-conducting block is embedded in the wall of the material box mechanism and is adjacent to the high-temperature zone of the incinerator, and its interior is provided with a flow channel, which is connected to the pipeline of the first circulation pipe; The fan is located outside the first and second circulation pipes. When the fan is activated, it drives the airflow in the drying chamber to enhance heat transfer.

[0011] Furthermore, the thermal circulation structure also includes a pipe connection panel, through which the water pump is simultaneously connected to the first circulation pipe and the second circulation pipe. The pipe connection panel connects two first circulation pipes and multiple second circulation pipes, and the water pump drives the heat transfer medium to circulate within it.

[0012] Furthermore: the opening and closing structure of the feeding mechanism includes a positioning plate, a spring-loaded reset rod, a three-bar linkage, and a connecting plate; the positioning plate is fixed to the inner wall of the cavity; One end of the elastic reset rod is connected to the positioning plate, and the other end is hinged to the three-link rod. Its built-in spring can provide automatic rebound force. The three-link rod is a multi-section linkage arm. The connecting plate is connected to the end of the three-link rod. The sealing plate is directly pushed or pulled by the three-link rod through the connecting plate.

[0013] Furthermore: the reset structure includes a fixing block, a lifting rod, a pulling rod, and a reset push rod; The fixing block is installed on the sealing plate. The lower end of the lifting rod is rotatably connected to the fixing block, and the upper end is hinged to one end of the lifting rod. The middle part of the lifting rod is provided with a fulcrum to form a lever structure, and its other end is connected to the reset push rod. When the reset push rod extends, it pushes the lifting rod to rotate around the fulcrum, which in turn lifts the sealing plate through the lifting rod, assisting the opening and closing structure to reset and close.

[0014] Furthermore: the feeding mechanism also includes a limiting structure, which includes a limiting rod and a limiting push rod; The limiting rod is rotatably disposed in the middle, with a slot at one end for engaging and fixing the sealing plate, and the other end connected to the limiting push rod; The limiting push rod is configured to be activated after the reset push rod of the reset structure is activated, driving the limiting rod to rotate so that the slot locks the sealing plate to achieve mechanical locking.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a control unit. The feeding mechanism at the bottom of the drying chamber and the feeding chamber is independently driven and controlled by the control unit, which can control the opening and closing timing and duration of the sealing plate, thereby realizing the batch, alternating or sequential feeding of materials into the incinerator.

[0016] Furthermore: the control unit is electrically connected to the radio frequency moisture meter, humidity sensor, drive mechanism of the shunt structure, drive mechanism of the regulating plate, water pump and fan of the thermodynamic circulation structure, and drive components of each feeding mechanism; The control unit is configured to: control the operation of the flow divider and the regulating plate according to the detection data of the radio frequency moisture meter; and adjust the working intensity and drying time of the thermal circulation structure according to the data of the humidity sensor in the drying chamber. It also controls each feeding mechanism to feed materials into the incinerator in a preset batch manner.

[0017] Furthermore, the control unit is also used to independently drive and control the feeding mechanism at the bottom of the drying chamber and the feeding chamber, and can control the opening and closing timing and duration of their sealing plates respectively, so as to realize the batch, alternating or sequential feeding of materials into the incinerator. When the temperature of the incinerator exceeds the threshold, the control unit starts the feeding mechanism of the drying chamber to allow the high-humidity material to enter the incinerator.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention can perform non-contact full-coverage humidity scanning of the waste on the conveyor belt by a radio frequency moisture meter installed on the electric slide rail, and obtain accurate humidity distribution data in real time. The control unit commands the diversion motor to operate according to the preset humidity threshold and adjusts the angle of the diversion plate, so that the material is initially separated according to the humidity level during the material flow. The angle of the diversion plate can be adjusted by the diversion motor to divert the same batch of materials to the left and right according to the different humidity levels. Then, the material flow is guided for a second time by the adjustable angle plate, sending the high-humidity material into the drying chamber and the low-humidity or suitable material directly into the feeding chamber, thereby avoiding the wet waste from sticking to the inner wall and forming a blockage after entering the material box, and also avoiding the high-humidity waste from directly entering the incinerator.

[0019] (2) This invention utilizes a thermal circulation structure integrated with the incinerator for waste heat recovery and drying, and is equipped with an independently controllable feeding mechanism to achieve batch feeding. Through heat-conducting blocks embedded in the high-temperature zone of the incinerator wall, waste heat is efficiently captured, and the heat is transferred to the first and second circulation pipes coiled around the outside of the drying chamber via the heat-conducting medium in the circulation pipeline. Under the forced convection of the fan, uniform hot air is formed in the drying chamber, indirectly drying the high-moisture material. This process directly utilizes the waste heat of the incinerator, reducing the energy consumption required for thermal energy. On the other hand, the dried material after drying in the drying chamber, as well as the original material in the feeding chamber, can be fed into the incinerator in batches alternately through their respective independent feeding mechanisms with mechanical self-locking functions at their bottoms. This feeding method effectively avoids a sudden drop in furnace temperature caused by feeding too much wet material at once, making the calorific value and moisture content of the waste entering the furnace more stable. Stable furnace temperature is the most critical condition for ensuring complete combustion and maximizing the decomposition of harmful gases such as dioxins, thereby improving the environmental efficiency and energy recovery efficiency of incineration from the source.

[0020] (3) This invention deeply integrates multiple links such as humidity sensing, diversion execution, drying control, and batch feeding. By processing the radio frequency moisture meter signal from the conveyor belt and the signal from the multi-point humidity sensor in the drying chamber in real time, it commands the diversion mechanism to perform real-time sorting. It can also dynamically adjust the flow rate of the water pump and the speed of the fan in the thermal circulation structure to optimize the drying intensity and energy consumption. Furthermore, it can arrange the independent opening and closing sequence and duration of the feeding mechanism at the bottom of the drying chamber and the feeding chamber to perform complex batch feeding. For example, when the control unit detects that the temperature inside the incinerator is too high, it puts the high humidity garbage in the drying chamber into the incinerator to absorb heat, thereby reducing the temperature of the incinerator. This is beneficial to adaptively adjust the parameters of the entire pretreatment process according to the real-time changes in the garbage composition, realizing the change from fixed process processing to customized pretreatment according to the material, improving the adaptability to complex garbage characteristics and the overall processing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the conveyor belt structure in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the material box mechanism in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the hopper mechanism in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the support frame structure in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing structure in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting structure in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the reset structure in this invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the radio frequency moisture meter and sorting structure in this invention.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: In the picture: 1. Incinerator; 2. Chimney pipe; 3. Feed hopper mechanism; 31. Drying chamber; 32. Exhaust vent; 33. Support frame; 331. Humidity sensor; 34. Thermal circulation structure; 341. First circulation pipe; 342. Second circulation pipe; 343. Fan; 344. Heat-conducting block; 35. Pipe connection; 351. Water pump; 36. Feed chamber; 4. Diversion structure; 41. Diversion motor; 42. Diversion plate; 43. Electric slide rail; 44. Radio frequency water... 5. Component; 6. Conveyor belt; 7. Adjusting plate; 8. Lifting conveyor frame; 9. Feeding mechanism; 10. Opening and closing structure; 11. Positioning plate; 12. Elastic reset rod; 13. Three-link linkage; 14. Connecting plate; 15. Reset structure; 16. Fixing block; 17. Lifting rod; 18. Pulling rod; 19. Reset push rod; 20. Limiting structure; 21. Slot; 22. Limiting rod; 33. Limiting push rod; 4. Sealing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0024] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, certain technical features well-known in the art have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, the directions mentioned herein, such as up, down, left, right, front, back, inside, and outside, are based on the directions shown in the figures of this invention, and are explained here together.

[0026] The connection method can be any existing method, such as bonding, welding, or bolting, depending on the actual needs.

[0027] Please see Figures 1 to 10 As shown, a waste drying and incineration thermal coupling treatment system mainly consists of core components such as an incinerator 1 and a chimney pipe 2, a material box mechanism 3, a diversion structure 4, a conveyor belt 5 and a lifting conveyor frame 6, a thermal circulation structure 34, and a feeding mechanism 7. In existing incinerator 1 equipment, temperature sensors are installed at various key locations, including but not limited to the combustion chamber and the chimney pipe 2.

[0028] The diversion structure 4 is located in front of the feed inlet of the material box mechanism 3 and above the conveyor belt 5, and it realizes material sorting based on humidity.

[0029] Above the conveyor belt 5, an electric slide rail 43 is installed, and an RF moisture meter 44 is mounted on the slide rail 43. The RF moisture meter 44 can reciprocate along the slide rail in the width direction of the conveyor belt 5, enabling it to perform non-contact, full-coverage penetrating scanning of the material on the conveyor surface of the conveyor belt 5 and generate a real-time distribution map of the material's moisture content in the width direction. The detection data is transmitted to the control unit in real time.

[0030] On conveyor belt 5, a diverter plate 42, rotatable around an axis, is located behind the radio frequency moisture meter 44. This diverter plate 42 is driven by a diverter motor 41. After receiving the humidity data from the radio frequency moisture meter 44, the control unit compares it with a preset humidity threshold (e.g., 30% moisture content) and immediately sends a command to the diverter motor 41. For example, when the scan shows that the humidity of the material on the left side of conveyor belt 5 is higher than the threshold, the control unit commands the diverter motor 41 to drive the diverter plate 42 to tilt to the right, guiding the high-humidity material flow on the left to the right path, while the low-humidity material on the left is temporarily blocked by the diverter plate 42. After the high-humidity material passes, the diverter plate 42 rotates in the opposite direction, releasing the blocked low-humidity material. This process achieves initial diversion based on humidity.

[0031] After the initial diversion, at the end of the material conveying path, near the feed inlet of the material box mechanism 3, there is an adjustable plate 51.

[0032] The control unit controls the tilt angle of the adjusting plate 51 according to the intended diversion. For example, adjusting the angle of the adjusting plate 51 to be biased towards the drying chamber 31 will allow the high-moisture material flow from the right side of the diversion plate 42 to be finally introduced into the drying chamber 31; conversely, the low-moisture material flow from the left side of the diversion plate 42 can be introduced into the feed chamber 36. Through the two guiding mechanisms of the initial coarse diversion by the diversion plate 42 and the secondary guidance by the adjusting plate 51, it is ensured that materials with different moisture contents are accurately distributed to the target chambers.

[0033] The feed box mechanism 3 is located on the top of the incinerator 1, and a drying chamber 31 and a feeding chamber 36 are arranged side by side inside it. The drying chamber 31 is a sealed chamber specifically designed for processing high-moisture materials.

[0034] Multiple sets of exhaust vents 32 are installed at different heights on both sides of the inner wall of the drying chamber 31. Each set of exhaust vents 32 is connected by an internal channel of a transverse support frame 33. The support frame 33 prevents damp materials from sticking together and squeezing each other, thus increasing the gap between damp materials. A humidity sensor 331 is installed on one side of each set of exhaust vents 32. These humidity sensors 331, distributed at different heights, can monitor the humidity of the gas precipitated from different layers of the material pile, thereby providing feedback on the uniformity and completion of the drying process of the entire material pile. This achieves gradient drying monitoring and avoids the one-sidedness of single-point monitoring.

[0035] The thermal circulation structure 34 is the main component for heat recovery. Its heat-conducting block 344 is made of high-temperature resistant alloy and is designed in the shape of a plate or block. It is directly embedded in the refractory lining of the furnace top of the incinerator 1 and is in close contact with the high-temperature area inside the furnace. It efficiently captures the heat dissipated from the furnace wall. The heat-conducting block 344 has a flow channel inside, which is connected to the circulation pipeline system through a pipe connector 35.

[0036] The water pump 351 drives the heat transfer medium (such as heat transfer oil) to circulate in a closed loop. The medium absorbs heat when it flows through the high-temperature heat transfer block 344.

[0037] After absorbing heat, the medium is pumped into two sets of piping systems: the first circulation pipe 341 is arranged in a serpentine, dense coil on the outer wall of the drying chamber 31; the second circulation pipe 342 is arranged inside the aforementioned support frame 33, so that heat is indirectly and evenly transferred to the internal space of the drying chamber 31 through the pipe wall.

[0038] A fan 343 is installed outside the first circulation pipe 341 and the second circulation pipe 342, which are coiled around the outside of the drying chamber 31. When the fan 343 is running, it blows the heat emitted from the circulation pipe wall toward the material pile inside the drying chamber 31, forming forced convection hot air and accelerating the evaporation of moisture in the material. Moisture is carried by the airflow and flows from the exhaust port 32 on one side through the support frame 33 channel. Some of it condenses, and the rest is discharged from the exhaust port 32 on the other side and detected by the humidity sensor 331. This allows the sensor to understand the humidity changes of the wet material at different heights. When the humidity sensor 331 at the bottom detects a decrease in humidity, the material can be fed in.

[0039] The bottom of the drying chamber 31 and the feeding chamber 36 are each provided with a set of completely independent and identical feeding mechanisms 7, which are used to control the feeding of materials into the incinerator 1. Each feeding mechanism 7 includes an opening and closing structure 71, a reset structure 72, a limiting structure 73 and a sealing plate 74. The four work together to ensure the accuracy and sealing of the feeding.

[0040] The opening and closing structure 71 includes a positioning plate 711, a spring-loaded reset rod 712, a three-link rod 713, and a connecting plate 714.

[0041] The positioning plate 711 is fixed to the inner wall of the cavity (drying cavity 31 or feeding cavity 36). One end of the elastic reset rod 712 is connected to the positioning plate 711, and the other end is hinged to the three-link rod 713. It is equipped with a compression spring to provide an automatic rebound closing force. The three-link rod 713 is a set of multi-section linkage arms, which can amplify a small linear driving force and convert it into the flipping motion trajectory required by the sealing plate 74. The connecting plate 714 is connected to the end of the three-link rod 713, directly contacting and pushing or pulling the sealing plate 74.

[0042] Reset structure 72 includes a fixing block 721, a lifting rod 722, a pulling rod 723, and a reset push rod 724.

[0043] The fixing block 721 is mounted on the sealing plate 74. The lower end of the lifting rod 722 is rotatably connected to the fixing block 721, and the upper end is hinged to one end of the pull rod 723. The pull rod 723 has a fulcrum in the middle (such as being mounted on the cavity wall via a shaft), forming a lever structure. Its other end is connected to the reset push rod 724. When assisted closing is required, the reset push rod 724 extends, pushing the pull rod 723 to rotate around the fulcrum, while its other end presses down, lifting the fixing block 721 and the sealing plate 74 upwards via the lifting rod 722.

[0044] The limiting structure 73 includes a slot 731, a limiting rod 732, and a limiting push rod 733.

[0045] The limiting rod 732 is rotatably mounted on the cavity wall at its middle part, with a slot 731 at one end and a connection to the limiting push rod 733 at the other end. The movement of the limiting push rod 733 is linked to the reset push rod 724, and is usually activated after receiving a signal that the reset push rod 724 has moved into place.

[0046] A complete feeding cycle (taking opening to closing as an example): Start feeding: The control unit issues an start command.

[0047] First, the reset push rod 724 of the reset structure 72 retracts, releasing the constraint on the sealing plate 74. Simultaneously, the drive component (such as a cylinder) of the opening / closing structure 71 actuates, pulling the three-link rod 713, which in turn pushes the sealing plate 74 downwards via the connecting plate 714, opening the discharge port. At this time, the spring inside the elastic reset rod 712 is compressed, storing the energy required for closing.

[0048] Reset and Auxiliary Closure: After reaching the predetermined feeding amount or time, closure is required. The drive component is unloaded, and the mechanism begins to reset under the spring force of the elastic reset rod 712. To ensure a tight closure (especially when materials may get stuck), the reset structure 72 is activated: its reset push rod 724 extends, and through the lever principle, it provides an upward auxiliary lifting force to the sealing plate 74 via the lifting rod 722, ensuring that the sealing plate 74 is tightly fitted to the closed position.

[0049] In theory, the spring force of the elastic reset rod 712 should be able to reset the mechanism when the cavity is empty. However, in order to achieve batch gradient feeding of materials, that is, there is still some material left in the drying chamber 31 that does not need to be fed, or to prevent material jamming or the friction of the mechanism from causing incomplete closing.

[0050] Mechanical locking: When the reset push rod 724 reaches its position (its built-in stroke sensor sends a "reset complete" signal), the limit push rod 733 of the limit structure 73 immediately actuates, pushing the limit rod 732 to rotate, causing its end slot 731 to precisely engage with the edge of the sealing plate 74, achieving rigid mechanical locking. At this time, even if there is still material pressure inside the cavity, it cannot push open the sealing plate 74, ensuring absolute sealing.

[0051] The actions of the two feeding mechanisms 7 are completely controlled by the control unit through independent programming. They can achieve an alternating mode of feeding one batch into the drying chamber 31 and another batch into the feeding chamber 36, or perform mixed feeding for different durations according to the real-time needs of the incinerator 1, thereby realizing batch feeding and precise control of materials entering the furnace.

[0052] All sensors (RF moisture meter 44, humidity sensors 331, push rod stroke sensors) and all actuators (shunt motor 41, water pump 351, fan 343, drive components of each feeding mechanism 7) are connected to the central control unit (such as PLC or DCS).

[0053] The conventional coordinated control logic uses data from the radio frequency moisture meter 44 to determine the actions of the diverter plate 42 and the regulating plate 51, i.e., the diversion ratio; the data feedback from the humidity sensor 331 in the drying chamber 31 is used to dynamically adjust the operating frequency of the water pump 351 and the start and stop of the fan 343 in the thermal circulation structure 34 (stopping when the drying target is reached to save energy); the furnace temperature and load signals monitored in real time by the incinerator serve as the main instructions for directing the feeding mechanism 7 to feed batches, frequency and duration.

[0054] Special operating condition adaptive control scheme: Condition A: A surge in high moisture content materials (e.g., during the rainy season). The system switches to a dry and stable combustion mode. The control unit automatically lowers the humidity threshold of the diversion, allowing more material to enter the drying chamber 31. Simultaneously, the thermal circulation structure 34 operates at maximum power (water pump 351 operates at high frequency, fan 343 works continuously), and the drying time of the drying chamber 31 is extended, reducing its feeding frequency. Correspondingly, the feeding ratio of the feeding chamber 36 (which stores relatively dry materials) is increased to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the incineration line with dry materials.

[0055] Operating Condition B: Primarily dry materials (such as old waste). The system switches to an efficiency-enhancing and energy-saving mode. Due to the dryness of the material, the drying intensity of the thermal circulation structure 34 is reduced (water pump 351 operates at a reduced frequency or even intermittently). The control focus shifts to the batch coordination of the feeding mechanism 7. A synchronous feeding method can be adopted between the drying chamber 31 and the feeding chamber 36 to increase the total amount of material fed at one time, thereby forming a thicker, more stable fuel layer within the incinerator 1. Simultaneously, the shutdown threshold of the humidity sensor 331 in the drying chamber 31 can be appropriately increased to allow the material to retain slightly more moisture (without affecting combustion), thus saving drying energy consumption.

[0056] Potential problems and solutions during implementation Sensor contamination and failure: In high-temperature and high-dust environments, the lens of the RF moisture meter 44 and the probe of the humidity sensor 331 are easily contaminated.

[0057] Among them, the RF moisture meter 44 is equipped with a positive pressure clean air curtain and a high-temperature resistant protective cover.

[0058] The humidity sensor 331 is a high-temperature type and is designed with an automatic retractable structure, which can periodically retract into a dedicated cleaning chamber for automatic high-pressure gas purging.

[0059] Mechanical structure jamming and wear: The hinges of the three-link 713 and the limit rod 732 of the feeding mechanism 7 are prone to jamming due to rust or foreign object intrusion.

[0060] All moving parts are made of stainless steel and equipped with centralized automatic lubrication points. A high-temperature resistant flexible silicone rubber sealing strip is added to the edge of the sealing plate 74, providing a certain amount of elastic allowance while ensuring a tight seal. The control program includes strict verification of the positioning signals of the opening / closing structure 71 and the limit structure 73. If a correct signal is not received, the mechanism automatically triggers a backlash and issues an alarm.

[0061] Multi-task timing conflicts: Multi-threaded parallel tasks such as diversion, drying, and feeding may cause control timing conflicts.

[0062] The control unit software employs a state machine programming model to clearly define system states such as detection and sorting, drying in progress, waiting for feeding, and feeding execution.

[0063] Any state transition must strictly meet preset conditions. For example, it must receive a "drying complete" signal before entering the waiting for feeding state. An independent watchdog monitoring program monitors for timeouts to prevent program abnormalities from causing malfunctions in the actions of multiple mechanisms. Specific Implementation Example 2 Suppose that a waste incineration plant receives a batch of industrial waste with abnormally high calorific value (such as waste rich in plastics and rubber) during a certain operating period and continuously feeds it into incinerator 1. Although combustion is complete, the furnace temperature continues to rise. Monitoring shows that the flue gas temperature at the outlet of chimney pipe 2 has rapidly increased from the normal 950°C to 1050°C, and is showing a continuing upward trend. This temperature is approaching the tolerance limit of the equipment materials, and the excessively high furnace temperature will drastically increase the generation of thermal nitrogen oxides (NOx), posing a threat to environmental emissions and equipment safety.

[0065] The central control unit receives an over-limit alarm from the temperature sensor on chimney pipe 2 in real time, and immediately activates the active cooling control mode. The core judgment of the control logic is: materials that can quickly absorb heat need to be put into the furnace, and high-moisture materials will absorb a large amount of latent heat of vaporization when the moisture evaporates after entering the furnace.

[0066] The control unit calculates the required cooling heat based on the difference between the current furnace temperature (1050℃) and the target furnace temperature (set to 920℃) and a thermodynamic model.

[0067] The control unit adopts a feeding method that mixes dry and wet materials, with wet materials being the primary component.

[0068] That is, in the next few feeding cycles, the proportion of material fed from the drying chamber 31 (which stores dried material but still retains a certain amount of safe moisture) is greatly increased, and some material from the feeding chamber 36 (which stores raw low-moisture material) is mixed in to maintain basic combustion.

[0069] The control unit drives the linkage of various subsystems: Step 1: Material Preparation and Scheduling The system confirms the dryness of the material in the drying chamber 31. Data from the humidity sensor 331 shows that after the material in the chamber is processed by the thermal circulation structure 34 (heat-conducting block 344, water pump 351, first circulation pipe 341, second circulation pipe 342, and fan 343 working together), the average moisture content is about 15%, which is within the range where the moisture can be used to cool down without affecting combustion.

[0070] Meanwhile, the feed chamber 36 contains a sufficient amount of raw dry waste as supporting fuel.

[0071] Step Two: Precise feeding execution of feeding mechanism 7 The control unit adjusts the batch program of the feeding mechanism 7, for example, setting a new feeding sequence as: feeding 10 seconds into the drying chamber 31 → feeding 5 seconds into the feeding chamber 36 → 5-second interval → cycle.

[0072] Execution process: The feeding mechanism 7 of the drying chamber 31 operates as follows: The control unit commands the reset push rod 724 at the bottom of the drying chamber 31 to retract, which then drives the opening and closing structure 71 (three-link 713, connecting plate 714, etc.) to open the sealing plate 74, allowing material with a moisture content of approximately 15% to fall into the hot incinerator 1. The moisture in this material evaporates instantly upon heating, absorbing a huge amount of heat, and the temperature in the flame area inside the furnace begins to be effectively lowered.

[0073] After a brief interval of operation, the feeding mechanism 7 at the bottom of the feeding chamber 36 opens as instructed, feeding in a portion of low-moisture, high-calorific-value material. The purpose is to replenish combustibles in areas where the large amount of heat absorbed by the wet material may weaken combustion, maintaining the continuity and stability of combustion and preventing combustion interruption due to excessive cooling or excessive steam.

[0074] Safety locking: After each feeding is completed, both feeding mechanisms 7 strictly follow the procedure, with the reset push rod 724 and the limit push rod 733 driving the lifting rod 722, the limit rod 732 and other components to ensure that the sealing plate 74 is tightly closed and the slot 731 is locked to prevent the backflow of high-temperature flue gas in the furnace.

[0075] After 3-4 consecutive feeding cycles, the temperature sensor in chimney pipe 2 showed that the furnace temperature had dropped significantly from 1050℃ to around 980℃.

[0076] The control unit then resets to the previous stage: slightly reducing the feeding time of the drying chamber 31 (e.g., from 10 seconds to 7 seconds), while keeping the feeding time of the feeding chamber 36 unchanged. This adjustment aims to gradually reduce the amount of cooling agent to prevent excessive temperature drop.

[0077] After several cycles of fine-tuning, the furnace temperature finally stabilized within the target range of 930℃±10℃. At this point, the central control unit exited the active cooling mode and resumed material distribution according to conventional combustion requirements.

[0078] Working principle: The waste is fed into incinerator 1 for incineration, and the flue gas from incinerator 1 is discharged through chimney pipe 2.

[0079] The material is conveyed to the conveyor belt 5 via the lifting conveyor frame 6, and then the radio frequency moisture meter 44 installed on the electric slide rail 43 moves along the bandwidth direction to perform non-contact scanning of the waste on the conveyor belt 5 and obtain the material moisture distribution map in real time.

[0080] The control unit compares the detection data with the preset threshold and immediately commands the diversion motor 41 to operate. The diversion motor 41 drives the diversion plate 42 to rotate at a specific angle (such as guiding the high-moisture material to one side). The initial diversion is completed during the material conveying process. Subsequently, the adjustment plate 51 located at the end of the conveyor belt 5 behind the diversion plate 42 performs a fine-tuning of the angle under the command of the control unit to achieve a secondary guidance of the sorted material, ensuring that the high-moisture material enters the drying chamber 31 and the low-moisture material enters the feeding chamber 36 for temporary storage.

[0081] A heat-conducting block 344, embedded in the refractory material of the incinerator 1, directly contacts the high-temperature zone to capture residual heat. The internal flow channel of the heat-conducting block 344 is connected to the circulation pipeline through the pipe joint 35. After the water pump 351 drives the heat-conducting medium to flow through the heat-conducting block 344 and absorb heat, the heat is indirectly transferred to the drying chamber 31 by the first circulation pipe 341 serpentinely winding around the inner walls of both sides of the drying chamber 31 and the second circulation pipe 342 passing through the support frame 33 inside the drying chamber 31.

[0082] The fan 343, installed outside the first circulation pipe 341 and the second circulation pipe 342, is activated, blowing heat from the pipe walls onto the material pile inside the drying chamber 31, forming forced convection hot air and accelerating moisture evaporation. Moisture is discharged through exhaust vents 32 located at different heights on both sides of the drying chamber 31. A humidity sensor 331 installed at the exhaust vent 32 monitors the exhaust humidity of different material layers, providing feedback on drying uniformity and completion.

[0083] Each of the drying chamber 31 and the feeding chamber 36 is equipped with an independent feeding mechanism 7 at the bottom. The core of each mechanism is a sealing plate 74, which is driven and locked by an opening and closing structure 71, a reset structure 72 and a limiting structure 73.

[0084] Working principle of linkage: When the control unit issues a command, the reset push rod 724 of the reset structure 72 first retracts to release the constraint. At the same time, the drive component of the opening and closing structure 71 pushes the three-link rod 713, which forces the sealing plate 74 to flip downward and open through the connecting plate 714. The spring in the elastic reset rod 712 is compressed and stores energy.

[0085] Reset and Auxiliary Closure: After feeding is completed, the drive component is unloaded, and the spring force of the elastic reset rod 712 causes the mechanism to reset. To ensure a tight seal, the reset push rod 724 extends, and the sealing plate 74 is lifted upward through the pull rod 723 and the lifting rod 722.

[0086] After the reset push rod 724 is in place, the limit push rod 733 of the limit structure 73 is activated, pushing the limit rod 732 to rotate, so that the slot 731 at its end is engaged with the sealing plate 74 to achieve rigid mechanical locking, ensuring reliable sealing and preventing material pressure from opening.

[0087] The control unit controls the sorting based on the data from the radio frequency moisture meter 44; adjusts the intensity of the water pump 351 and the fan 343 based on the data from the humidity sensor 331 in the drying chamber 31; and decides the feeding batch and rhythm of the feeding mechanism 7 based on the real-time operating conditions of the incinerator 1.

[0088] Adaptive control under special operating conditions: When there is a surge in high-moisture materials: the system switches to the dry and stable combustion mode, automatically lowers the sorting humidity threshold, and allows more materials to enter the drying chamber 31; the thermal circulation structure 34 operates at maximum power and extends the drying time, while increasing the feeding ratio of the feeding chamber 36 (dry material) to maintain the continuity of combustion with dry material.

[0089] When drying materials is the primary process: The system switches to an efficiency-enhancing and energy-saving mode. The drying intensity of the thermal circulation structure 34 is reduced (the water pump 351 is frequency-reduced); the control center of gravity is shifted to the batch coordination of the feeding mechanism 7, and dual-chamber synchronous feeding is adopted to increase the amount of material fed at one time, forming a thicker fuel layer for stable combustion, and allowing the material to retain slightly more moisture to save drying energy consumption.

[0090] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "one" and "two" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, the phrase "comprising an element defined as..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0091] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A waste drying and incineration thermal coupling treatment system, comprising an incinerator (1) and a conveyor belt (5), wherein the incinerator (1) is provided with a chimney pipe (2) at the top, characterized in that, It also includes a hopper mechanism (3), a flow distribution structure (4), a thermal circulation structure (34), a feeding mechanism (7), and a control unit; The feed box mechanism (3) is located on the top of the incinerator (1), and its interior is provided with a feeding chamber (36) and a drying chamber (31) arranged side by side. The diversion structure (4) is located above the conveyor belt (5) and in front of the feed inlet of the material box mechanism (3), and includes an RF moisture meter (44), a diversion plate (42), and an adjustment plate (51). The RF moisture meter (44) is used to detect the humidity of the material on the conveyor belt (5). The angle of the diversion plate (42) is adjustable and is used to divert the material flow according to the detected humidity information. The angle of the adjustment plate (51) is adjustable and is used to guide the diverted material to the drying chamber (31) or the feed chamber (36) respectively. The drying chamber (31) is equipped with a humidity sensor (331) for monitoring the material drying process; The thermal circulation structure (34) is located outside the material box mechanism (3) and is used to indirectly heat and dry the material in the drying chamber (31) using the residual heat of the incinerator (1). The feeding mechanism (7) is respectively located at the bottom outlet of the drying chamber (31) and the feeding chamber (36); each feeding mechanism (7) includes an openable and closable sealing plate (74), and an opening and closing structure (71) and a resetting structure (72) for driving the sealing plate (74) to open and close and realize batch feeding; the feeding mechanism (7) at the bottom of the drying chamber (31) is configured to feed the dried material into the incinerator (1) in batches. The control unit is electrically connected to the drive mechanism of the radio frequency moisture meter (44), the humidity sensor (331), the drive mechanism of the diversion structure (4), the drive mechanism of the regulating plate (51), the thermal circulation structure (34), and the drive components of each feeding mechanism (7). The control unit is configured to control the operation of the shunt plate (42) and the regulating plate (51) based on the detection data of the radio frequency moisture meter (44); The working intensity and drying time of the thermal circulation structure (34) are adjusted according to the data of the humidity sensor (331) in the drying chamber (31); and the feeding mechanism (7) is controlled to feed the material into the incinerator (1) in a preset batch manner. The control unit adjusts the material diversion, feeding frequency and opening of the drying chamber (31) in sync with the material humidity, drying progress and incineration temperature detected in real time.

2. The waste drying and incineration thermal coupling treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material is transferred from the lifting transport frame (6) to the transport belt (5) and output to the material box mechanism (3), the transport belt (5) being used to convey the material to the material box mechanism (3).

3. The waste drying and incineration thermal coupling treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diversion structure (4) also includes an electric slide rail (43), on which the radio frequency moisture meter (44) is installed. The electric slide rail (43) drives the radio frequency moisture meter (44) to move along the width of the conveyor belt (5) to detect the humidity distribution of the material on the conveyor belt (5) in real time. The diversion plate (42) is located at the end of the conveyor belt (5), and its angle can be adjusted by the diversion motor (41). The diversion motor (41) drives the diversion plate (42) to divert the material flow according to the humidity information detected by the radio frequency moisture meter (44). The adjustment plate (51) is located on the conveyor belt (5), and its angle is adjustable.

4. The waste drying and incineration thermal coupling treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying chamber (31) has exhaust vents (32) at different heights on both sides of the inner wall. A support frame (33) is provided between the two exhaust vents (32). The humidity sensor (331) is located at the exhaust vent (32).

5. The waste drying and incineration thermal coupling treatment system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thermal circulation structure (34) includes a first circulation pipe (341), a second circulation pipe (342), a water pump (351), a heat-conducting block (344), and a fan (343). The first circulation pipe (341) is arranged in a serpentine manner on both sides of the inner wall of the drying chamber (31), and its two ends are connected to the water pump (351) through pipes to form a closed loop. The second circulation pipe (342) passes through the support frame (33) in the drying chamber (31). The heat-conducting block (344) is embedded in the wall of the material box mechanism (3) and adjacent to the high temperature zone of the incinerator (1). It has a flow channel inside, which is connected to the pipe of the first circulation pipe (341) and is used to indirectly heat and dry the material in the drying chamber (31) using the residual heat of the incinerator (1). The fan (343) is located outside the first circulation pipe (341) and the second circulation pipe (342) and is used to drive the air flow in the drying chamber (31) to enhance heat transfer.

6. The waste drying and incineration thermal coupling treatment system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The thermal circulation structure (34) also includes a pipe connector (35), through which the water pump (351) is simultaneously connected to the first circulation pipe (341) and the second circulation pipe (342). The pipe connector (35) connects two first circulation pipes (341) and multiple second circulation pipes (342), and the water pump (351) drives the heat transfer medium to circulate therein.

7. The waste drying and incineration thermal coupling treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening and closing structure (71) of the feeding mechanism (7) includes a positioning plate (711), a spring return rod (712), a three-link rod (713) and a connecting plate (714). The positioning plate (711) is fixed to the inner wall of the cavity; One end of the elastic reset rod (712) is connected to the positioning plate (711), and the other end is hinged to the three-link rod (713). Its built-in spring can provide automatic rebound force. The three-link rod (713) is a multi-section linkage arm. The connecting plate (714) is connected to the end of the three-link rod (713). The three-link rod (713) directly pushes or pulls the sealing plate (74) through the connecting plate (714).

8. The waste drying and incineration thermal coupling treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reset structure (72) includes a fixed block (721), a lifting rod (722), a pulling rod (723), and a reset push rod (724). The fixed block (721) is installed on the sealing plate (74). The lower end of the lifting rod (722) is rotatably connected to the fixed block (721), and the upper end is hinged to one end of the pulling rod (723). The middle part of the pulling rod (723) is provided with a fulcrum to form a lever structure, and its other end is connected to the reset push rod (724). When the reset push rod (724) extends, it pushes the pulling rod (723) to rotate around the fulcrum, thereby lifting the sealing plate (74) through the lifting rod (722) to assist the opening and closing structure (71) in resetting and closing.

9. The waste drying and incineration thermal coupling treatment system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The feeding mechanism (7) further includes a limiting structure (73), which includes a limiting rod (732) and a limiting push rod (733). The limiting rod (732) is rotatably disposed in the middle, with one end having a slot (731) for engaging and fixing the sealing plate (74), and the other end being connected to the limiting push rod (733). The limiting push rod (733) is configured to start after the reset push rod (724) of the reset structure (72) is activated, driving the limiting rod (732) to rotate, so that the slot (731) engages the sealing plate (74) to achieve mechanical locking.

10. The waste drying and incineration thermal coupling treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit is also used to independently drive and control the feeding mechanism (7) at the bottom of the drying chamber (31) and the feeding chamber (36), and can control the opening and closing timing and duration of its sealing plate (74) respectively, so as to realize the batch, alternating or sequential feeding of materials into the incinerator (1). When the temperature of the incinerator exceeds the threshold, the control unit starts the feeding mechanism (7) of the drying chamber (31) to allow the high humidity material to enter the incinerator.

Images