Method for measuring tension of steel strand in anti-pile jacking

Abstract

The application provides a steel strand tension grading measurement method in anti-transverse moving pile jacking, comprising the following steps: reading jacking construction parameters, steel strand arrangement parameters and connection relationship from tensioning end to anchoring end through an intelligent sensing system, determining a jacking stress path, dividing a tension measurement section and configuring a self-waveguide measurement channel; inputting low-energy sweep excitation or pulse excitation under the initial tensioning state of the steel strand, collecting initial reflection response, initial transmission response and initial phase response, and generating an initial waveguide reference of the steel strand; after each jacking tension grade meets the load preservation condition, collecting grading waveguide response data, comparing the grading waveguide response data with the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand section by section, generating section effective waveguide characteristics; calculating the segmented effective tension of each tension measurement section according to the tension inversion rule, forming steel strand grading tension fault data, and identifying local overload, local force transmission deficiency and tension mutation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of construction mechanics measurement technology, and in particular to a method for graded measurement of the tension of steel strands during the jacking of piles without anti-lateral displacement. Background Technology

[0002] In the jacking construction of piles without resistance to lateral movement, steel strands typically serve as the main force transmission components in the jacking force chain. Their tension state directly affects the stability of pile advancement, the reliability of force transmission, and anchoring safety. To ensure controllability of the jacking process, the steel strands are generally subjected to graded loading according to a preset jacking tension level on site, and the results of tension tests are used to determine whether the current level meets the construction requirements.

[0003] Existing methods for measuring the tension of steel strands mostly employ tension end pressure sensors, hydraulic pressure conversion using jacks, or force measuring devices at the anchorage end to obtain the end tension. While these methods can reflect the end stress conditions, in scenarios involving jacking piles without anti-lateral displacement, the steel strand needs to pass through multiple locations, including the tension end, guide hole section, pile top stress section, and anchorage end. Along the way, there are influencing factors such as guide contact, local bending, frictional attenuation, and anchorage end retraction. Therefore, the end tension readings cannot accurately represent the actual tension of the steel strand at each location along the jacking force path.

[0004] Therefore, this invention proposes a graded measurement method for the tension of steel strands during the jacking of piles without anti-lateral displacement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a method for graded measurement of the tension of steel strands during the jacking of piles without anti-lateral displacement, thereby solving the technical problems mentioned in the background section.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for graded measurement of tension in steel strands during jacking of piles without anti-lateral displacement includes the following steps: S1. Read the jacking construction parameters of the non-resistance transverse displacement pile, the steel strand layout parameters and the connection relationship from the tensioning end to the anchoring end through the intelligent sensing system, determine the jacking force path, divide the steel strand along the jacking force path into multiple tension force measurement sections, generate a tension force measurement section mapping table, and configure the self-waveguide measurement channel. S2. When the steel strand is in the initial tension state, input low-energy sweep frequency excitation or pulse excitation according to the configuration of the self-waveguide measurement channel, collect the initial reflection response, initial transmission response and initial phase response, and generate the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand according to the tensile force measurement section mapping table. S3. After the non-resistance transverse displacement pile is jacked at the preset jacking tension level and the load protection condition is met, call the excitation parameters that are consistent with the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand, input the low-energy frequency sweep excitation or pulse excitation again, and collect the graded waveguide response data under the current jacking tension level. S4. Compare the graded waveguide response data with the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand according to the tensile force measurement section to generate the waveguide change characteristics of the section. After response elimination, the effective waveguide characteristics of the section are generated, and the tensile force result of the current grade segment is generated according to the tensile force inversion rule. S5. Repeat S3 to S4 according to the preset jacking tension level sequence to form graded tension fault data of steel strand, and output the graded tension measurement results of steel strand based on the effective tension difference of adjacent tension measurement sections and the tension change of adjacent jacking tension levels.

[0007] S1 specifically includes: reading jacking construction parameters, steel strand layout parameters, and connection relationships from the tensioning end to the anchoring end through an intelligent sensing system; verifying the connection status of the tensioning end, the penetration status of the guide hole, the stress connection status of the pile top, and the locking status of the anchoring end; determining the jacking force path and generating a jacking force path record; dividing the tension force measurement section according to the path nodes, contact state change positions, and resolvable length of the wave response based on the jacking force path record; recording the start and end positions, adjacent connection positions, and wave response attribution relationships; and generating a tension force measurement section mapping table; arranging wave excitation units and wave response acquisition units at the contactable positions of the steel strands and binding them to the tension force measurement section mapping table to generate a self-waveguide measurement channel configuration.

[0008] S2 specifically includes: under the initial tension state of the steel strand, reading the end tension force, end displacement, and anchorage end retraction based on the configuration of the self-waveguide measurement channel, and generating an initial tension state record after stability condition determination; according to the configuration of the self-waveguide measurement channel and the initial tension state record, inputting a low-energy sweep frequency excitation or pulse excitation that does not change the tension state into the steel strand, collecting and verifying the initial reflection response, initial transmission response, and initial phase response, and generating initial wave response data; performing segment assignment processing on the initial wave response data according to the tensile force measurement segment mapping table, extracting the initial arrival time, initial amplitude attenuation, initial phase state, and initial wave velocity characteristics, and generating the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand.

[0009] S3 specifically includes: when the unresisting transverse displacement pile is jacked according to the preset jacking tension level, based on the configuration of the self-waveguide measurement channel and the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand, reading the current jacking tension level, end tension reading, jacking displacement and load-holding status, and generating the current graded load-holding record after determining the load-holding conditions; using the current graded load-holding record as the acquisition trigger condition, calling the excitation parameters consistent with the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand, inputting low-energy frequency sweep excitation or pulse excitation to the steel strand, and verifying that the excitation has not changed the current stress state, generating a graded excitation execution record; acquiring the graded reflection response, graded transmission response and graded phase response under the current jacking tension level, and after validity verification, associating the current graded load-holding record and graded excitation execution record to generate graded waveguide response data.

[0010] S4 specifically includes: according to the steel strand number, the tension measurement section number, and the current jacking tension level, calling the initial waveguide reference and graded waveguide response data of the steel strand, comparing the initial data and graded data under the same self-waveguide measurement channel configuration segment by segment to generate segment waveguide change characteristics; based on the reflection response reception time window, graded signal-to-noise ratio, consistency of repeated acquisition, and fixed response time range at the end, eliminating acquisition noise, fixed response at the end, and non-segment responses to generate effective waveguide characteristics of the segment; inputting the effective waveguide characteristics of the segment into the tension inversion rules to calculate the segmented effective tension of each tension measurement section, and generating the segmented tension result of the current level after rationality verification.

[0011] S5 specifically includes: repeatedly executing S3 to S4 according to the preset jacking tension level sequence, arranging the current level segmented tension results by steel strand number, tension measurement section number, and jacking tension level to generate steel strand graded tension fault data; based on the steel strand graded tension fault data, calculating the segmented effective tension difference between adjacent tension measurement sections and the tension change between adjacent jacking tension levels in the same tension measurement section, identifying local overload, local insufficient force transmission, and sudden tension changes, and generating graded tension anomaly identification results; combining the steel strand graded tension fault data and the graded tension anomaly identification results into the steel strand graded tension measurement results, and outputting the segmented effective tension, the location of the abnormal section, and the corresponding jacking tension level.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes steel strands as both the jacking force transmission component and the self-contained waveguide medium. By comparing the initial waveguide reference with the segment-by-segment response data of the graded waveguides, it can obtain the segmented effective tension of the steel strand along the jacking force path without damaging the jacking force structure or adding a large number of force measuring elements along the line. A mapping table of tension measurement segments establishes the correspondence between tension measurement segments, reflection response reception time windows, and anomaly judgment parameters. This ensures that the wave response can be accurately attributed to specific force locations, avoiding the misrepresentation of the entire steel strand's force state by end readings, and improving the spatial positioning capability of the tension measurement results.

[0013] This invention collects graded waveguide response data after each jacking tension level meets the load-bearing conditions and compares it with the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand. This allows for the differentiation of tension changes under different jacking tension levels, making the tension transmission state in graded jacking traceable. Based on the effective waveguide characteristics of each section, the effective tension of each segment is inverted and verified through end tension consistency, continuity between adjacent sections, and tension level progression. This reduces the impact of guide contact, end fixing response, acquisition noise, and anchorage retraction on the measurement results, improving the reliability of the segmented tension inversion.

[0014] This invention calculates the effective tensile force difference between adjacent tensile force measurement sections and the tensile force variation between adjacent jacking tensile force levels based on graded tensile force fault data of steel strands. This allows for the identification of local overload, local insufficient force transmission, and sudden tensile force changes, and outputs the location of abnormal sections and their corresponding jacking tensile force levels, facilitating timely adjustments to subsequent jacking control. The resulting graded tensile force measurement results of the steel strands simultaneously include the effective tensile force of each section, the anomaly type, the anomaly location, the anomaly threshold, and the inversion confidence indicator. This enables construction personnel to shift from judging the tensile force at a single end to judging the graded tensile force state along the jacking force path, improving the safety and controllability of the jacking process for piles without anti-lateral displacement. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a graded measurement method for the tension of steel strands during the jacking of piles without anti-lateral displacement, according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Example: Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a method for graded measurement of the tension of steel strands during the jacking of piles without anti-lateral displacement, including the following steps: S1. Read the jacking construction parameters of the non-resistance transverse displacement pile, the steel strand layout parameters and the connection relationship from the tensioning end to the anchoring end through the intelligent sensing system, determine the jacking force path, divide the steel strand along the jacking force path into multiple tension force measurement sections, generate a tension force measurement section mapping table, and configure the self-waveguide measurement channel. S2. When the steel strand is in the initial tension state, input low-energy sweep frequency excitation or pulse excitation according to the configuration of the self-waveguide measurement channel, collect the initial reflection response, initial transmission response and initial phase response, and generate the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand according to the tensile force measurement section mapping table. S3. After the non-resistance transverse displacement pile is jacked at the preset jacking tension level and the load protection condition is met, call the excitation parameters that are consistent with the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand, input the low-energy frequency sweep excitation or pulse excitation again, and collect the graded waveguide response data under the current jacking tension level. S4. Compare the graded waveguide response data with the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand according to the tensile force measurement section to generate the waveguide change characteristics of the section. After response elimination, the effective waveguide characteristics of the section are generated, and the tensile force result of the current grade segment is generated according to the tensile force inversion rule. S5. Repeat S3 to S4 according to the preset jacking tension level sequence to form graded tension fault data of steel strand, and output the graded tension measurement results of steel strand based on the effective tension difference of adjacent tension measurement sections and the tension change of adjacent jacking tension levels.

[0018] S1 specifically includes the following sub-steps: S110. The intelligent sensing system reads the jacking construction parameters of the unresisted transverse pile, the steel strand layout parameters, and the connection relationship from the tensioning end to the anchoring end. This determines the actual force transmission path of the steel strands during jacking and generates a jacking force path record. The jacking construction parameters of the unresisted transverse pile include the jacking tension level, jacking displacement, jacking direction, jacking cylinder position, and load-bearing conditions. The steel strand layout parameters include the steel strand number, steel strand diameter, tensioning end coordinates, anchoring end coordinates, guide hole position, pile top penetration position, and the installation sequence of each contact position.

[0019] The intelligent sensing system verifies the connection status of the tensioning end, the guide hole installation status, the pile top stress connection status, and the anchorage end of the corresponding steel strands according to the spatial connection sequence of the tensioning end, guide hole section, pile top stress connection status, and anchorage end locking status. Steel strands not connected to the current jacking tension level, those without completed anchorage end locking, or those only used as backups are discarded. The steel strands actually transmitting the current jacking tension and their connection paths are retained. The jacking stress path record includes at least the steel strand number, path node name, path node coordinates, connection sequence between adjacent path nodes, contact position type, and construction stage identifier, used for subsequent tension measurement section division.

[0020] For example, if a steel strand has completed the connection of its tension end, the installation of its guide hole, and the locking of its anchor end clamp, and has been assigned to the current jacking tension level, the intelligent sensing system will sequentially write its tension end, guide hole section, pile top stress section, and anchor end into the jacking force path record; if another steel strand has not completed the locking of its anchor end, it will not be considered a valid force-transmitting steel strand in the current jacking force path record.

[0021] S120. Based on the jacking force path record, divide the steel strand along the jacking force path into multiple tensile force measurement sections, and record the corresponding start and end positions, adjacent connection positions, fluctuation response attribution relationship and anomaly judgment parameters for each tensile force measurement section, and generate a tensile force measurement section mapping table.

[0022] The tensile force measurement sections are divided according to the path nodes, the location of changes in contact state, and the resolvable length of the fluctuation response. Among them, the tension side tensile force measurement section is formed between the tensioning end and the first guide hole, the guide tensile force measurement section is formed between adjacent guide holes, the pile top front tensile force measurement section is formed between the guide hole and the pile top stress section, and the anchorage side tensile force measurement section is formed between the pile top stress section and the anchorage end.

[0023] If the distance between adjacent path nodes is greater than the preset maximum segment length, then continue to split according to the preset maximum segment length; if the distance between adjacent path nodes is less than the resolvable length of the fluctuation response, then merge them into adjacent tensile force measurement segments with the same contact state to avoid subsequent fluctuation responses being unable to be stably assigned.

[0024] The number of sections is determined by the following formula:

[0025] Where Q is the number of tensile force measurement sections, and L is the length of the path segment to be divided in the jacking force path, in meters; The preset maximum segment length is in meters. This indicates rounding up to the nearest integer.

[0026] The wave response attribution is established based on the start and end positions of the tensile force measurement section, the initial wave velocity estimate, and the reflection response reception time window. For each tensile force measurement section, the intelligent sensing system calculates the propagation distance of the start and end points of the section relative to the wave excitation unit and forms the corresponding reflection response reception time window.

[0027] The reflection response reception time window is determined by the following formula:

[0028] in, The time window for receiving the reflection response corresponding to the i-th tensile force measurement section is in seconds. The propagation distance from the starting point of the i-th tensile force measurement section to the wave excitation unit is expressed in meters (m). The propagation distance from the end of the i-th tensile force measurement section to the wave excitation unit is expressed in meters (m). The initial wave velocity estimate, in m / s, is used to establish the reflection response reception time window. The value 2 represents the round-trip propagation relationship of the reflection response from the wave excitation unit to the corresponding location and back to the wave response acquisition unit. Anomaly detection parameters include the section allowable tensile force threshold, the allowable force transmission attenuation threshold, and the allowable change threshold, which are used to subsequently identify local overload, local insufficient force transmission, and sudden tensile force changes, respectively.

[0029] For example, if the path length from a guide hole to the load-bearing section at the top of the pile is 6m, and the preset maximum section length is 2m, then this path segment is divided into 3 tensile force measurement sections. If a short path segment is 0.3m long, which is below the resolvable length of the wave response (0.5m), then this short path segment is merged into the adjacent tensile force measurement section. The tensile force measurement section mapping table is used to subsequently establish the initial waveguide reference for the steel strand, collect graded waveguide response data, and locate the graded tensile force anomaly identification results.

[0030] S130. A wave excitation unit and a wave response acquisition unit are arranged at an accessible position at the tensioning end and / or anchoring end of the steel strand; when acquiring the transmission response, the wave response acquisition unit is arranged at the accessible end opposite to the wave excitation unit.

[0031] The intelligent sensing system binds the wave excitation unit, wave response acquisition unit, and tensile force measurement section mapping table into channels, enabling the steel strand to simultaneously serve as a jacking force transmission component and a wave signal transmission medium, generating a self-contained waveguide measurement channel configuration. Channel binding involves establishing correspondences between the wave excitation unit number, wave response acquisition unit number, steel strand number, tensile force measurement section number, excitation signal type, sampling frequency, reflection response reception time window, end-fixed response time range, and data storage identifier.

[0032] When establishing the initial waveguide reference for the steel strand and collecting graded waveguide response data, the intelligent sensing system calls the same wave excitation unit and the same wave response acquisition unit according to the self-waveguide measurement channel configuration, and writes the collected initial reflection response, initial transmission response, initial phase response, as well as subsequent graded reflection response, graded transmission response, and graded phase response into the data position of the corresponding tensile force measurement section.

[0033] The low-energy sweep frequency excitation or pulse excitation output by the fluctuation excitation unit should meet the condition of not changing the tension state of the steel strand. The intelligent sensing system reads the end tension force before and after excitation and verifies it according to the following formula:

[0034] in, The change in end tension force before and after applying the wave excitation is expressed in N. This is the preset allowable deviation coefficient; This represents the average end tension force of the steel strand during the stable sampling period under initial tension, expressed in N.

[0035] If the change in end tension meets the above conditions, the current excitation signal, sampling frequency, reflection response receiving time window, and end fixed response time range are confirmed to be usable for subsequent measurements; if the change in end tension exceeds the preset allowable deviation, the intelligent sensing system will reduce the excitation amplitude or shorten the excitation duration and then recalibrate.

[0036] Furthermore, in specific implementations, the fluctuation excitation unit and fluctuation response acquisition unit can employ high-frequency piezoelectric ceramic sensors (PZT) or magnetostrictive broadband excitation coils.

[0037] In order to achieve good acoustic coupling without changing the initial tension of the steel strand, the wave excitation unit and the wave response acquisition unit are fixed to the exposed outer section of the steel strand by a specially designed annular rigid clamp. The inner side of the annular rigid clamp is provided with an arc-shaped contact pad that matches the outer contour of the steel strand, and the clamping force of the clamp is controlled by a torque wrench within a preset static clamping threshold (e.g., 5 N·m to 10 N·m).

[0038] Therefore, it ensures that the sound wave / stress wave is coupled into the steel strand with high efficiency and low attenuation, without generating additional axial stress or local damage to the steel strand, thus satisfying the change in end tension before and after the excitation is applied in the formula. Physical conditions within the range of minimal permissible deviation.

[0039] For example, if the average end tension force of the steel strand under initial tension is 10000N and the preset allowable deviation coefficient is 0.005, then when the change in end tension force before and after excitation does not exceed 50N, the current fluctuation excitation will not change the tension state of the steel strand. The self-waveguide measurement channel configuration generated in this way serves as the unified channel basis for S210 to establish the initial tension state record, S220 to collect the initial fluctuation response data, and S330 to collect the graded waveguide response data.

[0040] S2 specifically includes the following sub-steps: S210. Before the formal graded jacking of the non-resistance transverse pile, the steel strand is put into an initial tension state, and the intelligent sensing system reads the end tension force, end displacement and anchor end retraction under the initial tension state based on the self-waveguide measurement channel configuration generated by S130, and generates an initial tension state record.

[0041] Specifically, after the steel strand completes its initial tensioning, the intelligent sensing system calls the corresponding wave excitation unit number, wave response acquisition unit number, steel strand number, and tension measurement section number according to the self-waveguide measurement channel configuration, and continuously collects the end tension force, end displacement, and anchorage end retraction within a preset stable sampling time. When the end tension force fluctuation, end displacement change, and anchorage end retraction all meet the stability conditions, the steel strand is confirmed to be in the initial tensioning state.

[0042] The end tension stability condition is determined by the following formula:

[0043] in, The end tension force at the k-th sampling point within the stable sampling time, expressed in N; This represents the average end tension force of the steel strand during the stable sampling period under initial tension, expressed in N. This is the allowable fluctuation coefficient of the initial tension force.

[0044] The initial tensioning state record includes at least the strand number, initial end tension force, initial end displacement, anchor end retraction, stabilization sampling duration, tensioning end connection status, anchor end locking status, and self-waveguide measurement channel configuration identifier. This initial tensioning state record is used to define the mechanical state when the S220 acquires initial wave response data, avoiding the establishment of a baseline before the strand is stable.

[0045] For example, after the steel strand is initially tensioned, the intelligent sensing system continuously collects the end tension force within 10 seconds. If the average end tension force is 10000N and the allowable fluctuation coefficient of the initial tension force is 0.005, then the end tension force at all sampling points should be between 9950N and 10050N. At the same time, the end displacement should not continue to increase and the anchor end retraction should not exceed the preset retraction threshold before an initial tension state record is generated.

[0046] S220. Based on the configuration of the self-waveguide measurement channel and the initial tension state record, under the initial tension state, the low-energy sweep frequency excitation or pulse excitation that does not change the tension state of the steel strand is input to the steel strand through the wave excitation unit, and the initial reflection response, initial transmission response and initial phase response are collected through the wave response acquisition unit to generate the initial wave response data.

[0047] Specifically, the intelligent sensing system sets the excitation amplitude, excitation frequency range, excitation duration, and sampling frequency based on the diameter of the steel strand, the length of the tension measurement section, the preset maximum section length, and the reflection response reception time window. Among these, the excitation amplitude adopts the excitation amplitude that has passed the end tension change verification in S130 to avoid changing the initial tension state of the steel strand during the excitation process.

[0048] The sampling frequency is set according to the following formula:

[0049] in, The sampling frequency of the fluctuation response acquisition unit is expressed in Hz. This is the sampling margin coefficient; This is the highest effective frequency corresponding to low-energy sweep frequency excitation or pulse excitation, expressed in Hz.

[0050] The intelligent sensing system verifies the validity of the acquired initial fluctuation response data. The validity verification includes reflection peak identification verification, transmission amplitude verification, phase continuity verification, and signal-to-noise ratio verification. When the initial reflection response can be identified within the reflection response reception time window corresponding to the tensile strength measurement section mapping table, the initial transmission response amplitude is higher than the preset amplitude threshold, the initial phase response does not have any sudden changes exceeding the preset phase jump threshold, and the signal-to-noise ratio meets the preset conditions, the acquired data is written into the initial fluctuation response data.

[0051] The signal-to-noise ratio is determined by the following formula:

[0052] in, Signal-to-noise ratio, in dB; For effective response amplitude; This represents the noise amplitude. This is the preset minimum signal-to-noise ratio.

[0053] For example, if the highest effective frequency of the low-energy sweep frequency excitation is 2000Hz and the sampling margin coefficient is 5, then the sampling frequency is not lower than 10000Hz. If a stable reflection peak is not identified within the reflection response reception time window of a certain tensile force measurement section, or the signal-to-noise ratio is lower than 20dB, the intelligent sensing system will not use this data as the initial fluctuation response data, but will adjust the sampling frequency, the number of repeated acquisitions, or the excitation parameters and then re-acquire the data.

[0054] S230. The intelligent sensing system performs segment assignment processing on the initial wave response data according to the tensile force measurement segment mapping table, extracts the initial arrival time, initial amplitude attenuation, initial phase state and initial wave velocity characteristics corresponding to each tensile force measurement segment, and generates the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand.

[0055] Specifically, the intelligent sensing system calls the tensile test section number and reflection response receiving time window in the tensile test section mapping table, extracts the response segment within the corresponding time range from the initial wave response data, and extracts the reflection peak arrival time, reflection peak amplitude, transmission amplitude, phase mean and phase change rate from the response segment; if there are multiple reflection peaks within the same reflection response receiving time window, the reflection peak with the highest amplitude and continuous phase is taken as the initial reflection response feature of the tensile test section, and other reflection peaks are recorded as end fixed response or noise response and are not included in the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand.

[0056] The initial wave velocity characteristic is calculated using the following formula:

[0057] in, The initial wave velocity characteristic of the i-th tensile force measurement section is expressed in m / s. The propagation distance from the characteristic reflection position of the i-th tensile force measurement section to the wave excitation unit is in meters. The initial reflection response arrival time of the i-th tensile force measurement section is expressed in seconds; the value 2 represents the round-trip propagation relationship of the reflection response.

[0058] The initial waveguide reference for the steel strand includes at least the steel strand number, the tension measurement section number, the initial tension state record identifier, the self-waveguide measurement channel configuration identifier, the initial reflection response arrival time, the initial transmission response amplitude, the initial phase state, the initial wave velocity characteristics, the initial amplitude attenuation, the signal-to-noise ratio, and the reference generation time. During subsequent segment-by-segment comparisons by S410, the intelligent sensing system retrieves the corresponding initial waveguide reference for the steel strand according to the steel strand number and the tension measurement section number, and calculates the change in the graded waveguide response relative to the initial waveguide reference for the steel strand.

[0059] Specifically, since the multi-strand stranded structure of steel strands can cause stress waves to disperse and multimodal interference during propagation, the intelligent sensing system first uses a digital bandpass filter (the effective frequency band of the sweep frequency excitation matched with the cutoff frequency) to filter out low-frequency mechanical vibration noise from the construction site before processing the initial wave response data into segments. Subsequently, continuous wavelet transform (CWT) or Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is used to perform time-frequency analysis on the denoised signal to extract the time-domain energy envelope. The intelligent sensing system uses the first peak maximum point on the time-domain energy envelope as the reflection peak and records its corresponding time axis coordinates as the arrival time of the initial reflection response. This envelope extraction algorithm eliminates waveform distortion caused by dispersion, ensuring the uniqueness and stability of the extracted features.

[0060] For example, if the propagation distance from the characteristic reflection position of the second tensile force measurement section to the wave excitation unit is 3m and the initial reflection response arrival time is 0.0015s, then the initial wave velocity characteristic of this section is 4000m / s, which will be used as the benchmark for subsequent calculation of the wave velocity change in this section.

[0061] S3 specifically includes the following sub-steps: S310. When the jacking of the unresisting transverse pile is carried out according to the preset tension level, the intelligent sensing system reads the current jacking tension level, end tension reading, jacking displacement and load-bearing status based on the self-waveguide measurement channel configuration generated by S130 and the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand generated by S230. After the current jacking tension level meets the load-bearing conditions, the current graded load-bearing record is generated.

[0062] Specifically, the intelligent sensing system calls the corresponding self-waveguide measurement channel configuration identifier and the initial waveguide reference identifier of the steel strand according to the steel strand number and the tensile strength measurement section number, to confirm that the steel strand currently being measured is consistent with the steel strand, wave excitation unit, wave response acquisition unit and tensile strength measurement section when the initial waveguide reference was established.

[0063] During the current jacking tension level loading process, the intelligent sensing system continuously collects the end tension reading and jacking displacement, and starts timing after the end tension reading enters the target tension allowable range corresponding to the current jacking tension level; within the preset load holding time, when the end tension fluctuation and jacking displacement change both meet the stability conditions, it is determined that the current jacking tension level has reached the load holding condition.

[0064] The end tension stability condition is determined by the following formula:

[0065] in, The end tension reading at the k-th sampling point within the holding time for the j-th jacking tension level is expressed in N. The average end tension of the j-th jacking tension level during the holding time is expressed in N. It is the allowable fluctuation coefficient of the tension corresponding to the j-th jacking tension level.

[0066] The current graded load protection record includes at least the steel strand number, the tension measurement section number, the current jacking tension level, the target tension, the average end tension, the jacking displacement, the load protection start time, the load protection end time, the load protection duration, the self-waveguide measurement channel configuration identifier, and the initial waveguide reference identifier of the steel strand.

[0067] For example, the target tension for the second jacking tension level is 150,000 N, the allowable fluctuation coefficient of the tension is 0.01, and the preset holding time is 10 seconds. If the end tension readings remain within ±1% of the average end tension within 10 seconds, and the jacking displacement does not continue to increase, the intelligent sensing system generates the current level holding record; if the end tension readings only show an instantaneous peak and do not stabilize, the current level holding record is not generated.

[0068] S320. Using the current graded load record as the acquisition trigger condition, the low-energy sweep frequency excitation or pulse excitation consistent with the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand is input to the steel strand through the wave excitation unit, so as to keep the jacking equipment, anchoring state and steel strand end constraints unchanged, and generate graded excitation execution records.

[0069] Specifically, the intelligent sensing system reads the steel strand number, the self-waveguide measurement channel configuration identifier, and the initial waveguide reference identifier of the steel strand from the current graded load record. It then calls the corresponding excitation signal type, excitation frequency range, pulse width, excitation duration, sampling frequency, and reflection response reception time window from the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand, and uses these as parameters for graded excitation and graded acquisition under the current jacking tension level.

[0070] If the on-site noise causes insufficient signal-to-noise ratio in the graded response, the intelligent sensing system will only increase the number of repeated acquisitions or increase the sampling frequency without changing the excitation signal type, effective frequency range, and reflection response reception time window, and will not change the excitation frequency range used for comparison.

[0071] To avoid altering the stress state under the current jacking force level during measurement, the intelligent sensing system reads the end tension reading and jacking displacement before and after inputting low-energy sweep frequency excitation or pulse excitation, respectively. When the changes in end tension and jacking displacement before and after excitation do not exceed the preset allowable deviation, it is confirmed that the excitation has not changed the current stress state, and the system is allowed to enter S330 to collect graded waveguide response data.

[0072] The end tension disturbance condition is determined by the following formula:

[0073] in, The change in end tension before and after applying wave excitation at the j-th jacking tension level is expressed in N. This is the excitation perturbation coefficient corresponding to the j-th jacking force level; It represents the average end tension of the j-th jacking tension level during the holding time, in N.

[0074] For example, if the initial waveguide reference for the steel strand uses a low-energy sweep frequency excitation of 500Hz to 2000Hz and a sampling frequency of 10000Hz, then the current jacking tension level still uses an effective frequency range of 500Hz to 2000Hz. If the current average end tension is 200000N and the excitation allowable disturbance coefficient is 0.002, then the change in end tension before and after excitation must not exceed 400N. If it exceeds this, the intelligent sensing system will reduce the excitation amplitude or shorten the excitation duration and then repeat this step.

[0075] S330: The wave response acquisition unit acquires the graded reflection response, graded transmission response, and graded phase response under the current jacking force level, and the intelligent sensing system associates them with the current graded load record, graded excitation execution record, current jacking force level, and self-waveguide measurement channel configuration to generate graded waveguide response data.

[0076] Specifically, the intelligent sensing system performs window verification on the collected graded reflection responses according to the tensile force measurement section number and reflection response reception time window in the tensile force measurement section mapping table; at the same time, it performs amplitude verification on the graded transmission responses, phase continuity verification on the graded phase responses, and integrity verification on the number of sampling points, sampling time, and signal-to-noise ratio.

[0077] Only when the graded reflection response falls within the reflection response reception time window of the corresponding tensile force measurement section, the graded transmission response amplitude is higher than the preset amplitude threshold, the graded phase response does not undergo a sudden change exceeding the preset phase jump threshold, and the number of sampling points and signal-to-noise ratio meet the requirements, will the intelligent sensing system write the acquisition result into the graded waveguide response data.

[0078] The signal-to-noise ratio is determined by the following formula:

[0079] in, The signal-to-noise ratio of the graded waveguide response data under the j-th jacking force level is expressed in dB. This represents the effective response amplitude at the j-th jacking force level; The noise amplitude at the j-th jacking force level; This is the preset minimum signal-to-noise ratio.

[0080] The graded waveguide response data includes at least the steel strand number, tension measurement section number, current jacking tension level, current graded load protection record identifier, graded excitation execution record identifier, initial waveguide reference identifier for the steel strand, self-waveguide measurement channel configuration identifier, graded reflection response arrival time, graded reflection response amplitude, graded transmission response amplitude, graded phase state, graded sampling frequency, graded signal-to-noise ratio, and graded acquisition time.

[0081] For example, the reflection response reception time window for the second tensile force measurement section is 0.001s to 0.002s. If the main reflection peak at the current jacking force level appears at 0.004s and cannot correspond to the propagation distance of that section, then this reflection peak will not be written into the graded waveguide response data of that section. If the signal-to-noise ratio of that section is lower than 20dB, then it will be re-acquired. The graded waveguide response data generated in this way serves as the direct input for S410 to extract the waveguide change characteristics of the section.

[0082] S4 specifically includes the following sub-steps: S410: The intelligent sensing system, according to the steel strand number, tension measurement section number, and current jacking tension level, calls the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand generated in S230 and the graded waveguide response data generated in S330. It compares the initial data and graded data under the same steel strand, the same tension measurement section, and the same self-waveguide measurement channel configuration segment by segment to generate segment waveguide change characteristics.

[0083] Specifically, the intelligent sensing system reads the initial reflection response arrival time, initial transmission response amplitude, initial phase state, and initial wave velocity characteristics from the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand, and reads the graded reflection response arrival time, graded transmission response amplitude, graded phase state, and graded acquisition time from the graded waveguide response data, and calculates the change in reflection arrival time, the change in transmission amplitude attenuation, the phase shift, and the change in wave velocity segment by segment.

[0084] The change in the time of reflection is determined by the following formula:

[0085] in, The change in reflection arrival time of the i-th tension measurement section under the j-th jacking tension level is expressed in seconds. The arrival time of the graded reflection response of the i-th tension measurement section under the j-th jacking tension level is expressed in seconds. The initial reflection response arrival time for the i-th tensile force measurement section is given in seconds.

[0086] The graded wave velocity and the change in wave velocity are determined by the following formula:

[0087] in, The wave velocity of the i-th tensile force measurement section under the j-th jacking tensile force level is expressed in m / s. The propagation distance from the characteristic reflection position of the i-th tensile force measurement section to the wave excitation unit is in meters; the value 2 represents the round-trip propagation relationship of the reflection response.

[0088]

[0089] in, The wave velocity change in the i-th tension measurement section under the j-th jacking tension level is expressed in m / s. The initial wave velocity characteristic of the i-th tensile force measurement section is expressed in m / s.

[0090] The change in transmission amplitude attenuation is calculated as follows:

[0091] in The change in transmission amplitude attenuation in the i-th tensile force measurement section under the j-th jacking tensile force level; This corresponds to the graded transmission response amplitude; This represents the corresponding initial transmission response amplitude.

[0092] The phase offset is calculated as follows:

[0093] Let i be the phase offset of the i-th tension measurement segment under the j-th jacking tension level; This corresponds to the graded phase state; This corresponds to the initial phase state.

[0094] The intelligent sensing system only performs the above comparison when the steel strand number, tensile strength measurement section number, self-waveguide measurement channel configuration identifier, and excitation signal type are all consistent; if any identifier is inconsistent, the corresponding graded waveguide response data will not be included in the section waveguide change characteristics.

[0095] For example, the second tensile strength test section Q2 of GJ-01 for steel strands can only use the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand corresponding to GJ-01 and Q2, and cannot use the initial waveguide reference of GJ-02 or Q3, to avoid incorrect comparison across steel strands or sections.

[0096] S420. Based on the segment waveguide change characteristics generated by S410, the intelligent sensing system identifies the wave propagation differences in each tension measurement segment caused by axial tension of the steel strand, local friction, guide bending, or anchorage retraction, and eliminates acquisition noise, end-fixing response, and non-segment response that are unrelated to the current jacking tension level, generating effective segment waveguide characteristics.

[0097] Specifically, the intelligent sensing system filters the waveguide variation characteristics of the section based on the reflection response reception time window in the tensile force measurement section mapping table, the graded signal-to-noise ratio recorded by S330, the consistency of repeated acquisition, and the fixed response time range at the end recorded by S130. Reflection peaks that fall within the fixed response time range at the end are discarded as fixed responses at the tensioning end or the acquisition end, while reflection peaks that do not fall within the reflection response reception time window of the corresponding tensile force measurement section are discarded as non-segment responses. Responses whose arrival time deviation exceeds the preset repetition deviation threshold after repeated acquisition are discarded as unstable responses.

[0098] Consistency of repeated data collection is determined by the following formula:

[0099] in, The arrival time of the graded reflection response obtained by the rth repeated acquisition of the i-th tensile force measurement section under the j-th jacking tensile force level is expressed in seconds. The average arrival time of the graded reflection response collected repeatedly in the i-th tensile force measurement section at the j-th jacking tensile force level is expressed in seconds. This is the preset threshold for repeated data acquisition time deviation, measured in seconds.

[0100] For the retained waveguide variation characteristics, the intelligent sensing system processes them according to the combination of segment location type and variation characteristics: when the wave velocity change increases synchronously with the current jacking tension level and the phase offset changes continuously, it is regarded as an effective feature of axial tension; when the change in transmission amplitude attenuation increases but the change in reflection arrival time does not change synchronously, and the segment corresponds to a guide hole or contact position, it is marked as guide contact attenuation and not directly regarded as axial tension increment; when a phase change occurs in the anchorage side tension measurement segment and is accompanied by residual displacement changes during the load holding stage, it is marked as anchorage retraction effect and corrected in subsequent tension inversion.

[0101] In the specific elimination process, the intelligent sensing system uses the time-gating method to eliminate fixed responses at the end.

[0102] Specifically, based on the known physical distance between the fixed components such as the tension end wedge and the anchorage at the anchorage end and the wave response acquisition unit, and combined with the nominal sound velocity of the steel strand under normal conditions, the inherent time range for the arrival of stray reflected waves at the end is calculated, and a pre-time domain shielding window is established in the software algorithm. When the acquired response characteristics fall within this pre-time domain shielding window, the system directly identifies them as non-segment end fixed structure responses and cuts them off. For responses that do not fall within any tensile force measurement segment's reflection response reception time window... The scattered pulses are directly identified as non-segmental random noise and zeroed out, thereby generating pure segmental effective waveguide characteristics.

[0103] For example, if the reflection response reception time window of the third tensile force measurement section is 0.002s to 0.003s, and the main reflection peaks obtained by repeated acquisitions are 0.00242s, 0.00244s, and 0.00243s respectively, and the signal-to-noise ratio is not lower than the preset minimum signal-to-noise ratio, then the change feature corresponding to the reflection peak enters the effective waveguide feature of the section; if the reflection peak appears at 0.004s, then it does not enter the effective waveguide feature of the section.

[0104] S430: The intelligent sensing system inputs the effective waveguide characteristics of the section generated in S420 into the preset tension inversion rule, calculates the segmented effective tension of each tension measurement section under the current jacking tension level, and associates the segmented effective tension with the current jacking tension level, the current graded load record, and the tension measurement section mapping table to generate the segmented tension result of the current level.

[0105] The tension inversion rule uses the change in wave velocity as the main quantity, and the change in reflection arrival time, the change in transmission amplitude attenuation, and the phase shift as correction quantities. The corresponding weights are obtained from the calibration data of steel strands of the same specification under known tension conditions, or are corrected on-site from the initial tension state and low-level jacking load data.

[0106] The effective tensile force in each segment is calculated using the following formula:

[0107] in, The effective tensile force of the i-th tensile force measurement section under the j-th jacking tensile force level is expressed in N. The initial tension of the i-th tension measurement segment under initial tension is expressed in N. The wave velocity change weight corresponding to the i-th tensile force measurement section; The wave velocity change in the i-th tension measurement section under the j-th jacking tension level is expressed in m / s. The weight of the change in reflection arrival time corresponding to the i-th tensile force measurement section; The change in reflection arrival time of the i-th tension measurement section under the j-th jacking tension level is expressed in seconds. The amplitude attenuation correction weight is the corresponding to the i-th tensile force measurement section. The change in transmission amplitude attenuation in the i-th tensile force measurement section under the j-th jacking tensile force level; The phase offset correction weight is used for the i-th tensile force measurement section. This represents the phase offset of the i-th tension measurement segment under the j-th jacking tension level, in rad.

[0108] Before generating the segmented tensile force results for the current level, the intelligent sensing system performs a rationality check on the effective tensile force of the segments. The rationality check includes end tensile force consistency check, adjacent segment continuity check, and tensile force level progression check.

[0109] End tension consistency verification is performed using the following formula:

[0110] in, The effective tension force of the tensioning lateral tension force measurement section under the j-th jacking tension level is expressed in N; The average end tension of the j-th jacking tension level during the holding time is expressed in N. This is the allowable deviation coefficient for the consistency of end tension.

[0111] If the verification passes, the intelligent sensing system generates the current level segmented tensile force result; if the verification fails, it marks the inversion anomaly of the corresponding tensile force measurement segment and calls the segment's graded waveguide response data and effective waveguide characteristics for re-verification.

[0112] The current graded segmented tension results include at least the steel strand number, tension measurement section number, current jacking tension level, current graded load record identifier, graded waveguide response data identifier, section effective waveguide characteristic identifier, segmented effective tension, inversion confidence identifier, rationality verification result, and result generation time. The inversion confidence identifier is jointly determined by the graded signal-to-noise ratio, repeatability consistency, and rationality verification result. The current graded segmented tension results serve as direct input for the S510 generation of graded tension fault data for steel strands.

[0113] To enable those skilled in the art to implement the above-described tensile inversion rules, this embodiment further discloses the weighting coefficients in the formula ( The test calibration and calculation method for ) is as follows: Before the jacking of the unresisted transverse pile, a section of steel strand of the same batch and specifications (e.g., standard tensile strength 1860MPa, diameter 15.2mm) as the site is cut as a calibration specimen and installed on the tension mechanics testing machine; then, a stepped standard loading is carried out according to the pre-set loading step length (e.g., 20kN as a step), and the load is kept stable at each tensile load point.

[0114] At each load point, using the same self-waveguide measurement channel configuration and the same excitation signal, the graded wave velocity changes under the known tensile force were acquired and recorded. Change in the time of arrival of reflected light Transmission amplitude attenuation change and phase offset This results in the formation of multiple sets of calibration sample datasets featuring "tensile increment-waveguide variation characteristics". Finally, the calibration sample dataset is fitted with parameters using the least squares method or multiple linear regression algorithm. Using the tensile force increment as the dependent variable and the characteristic quantities of each waveguide change as independent variables, the coefficients of the multiple linear regression equation are solved to obtain the specific constant matrix for the corresponding specification of steel strand.

[0115] Under the specifications corresponding to this embodiment, based on experimental fitting and calculation, the typical empirical range of values ​​for each weight coefficient is as follows: wave velocity change weight for Weight of reflection arrival time for The remaining correction weights fluctuate within a known small range based on the fitting residuals. This offline calibration process before construction allows for the direct determination of all feature weights in the formula, ensuring the certainty of the inversion results.

[0116] S5 specifically includes the following sub-steps: S510. According to the execution order of the preset jacking tension level sequence, repeat S310 to S430 to enable the intelligent sensing system to continuously obtain the current level segment tension results under each jacking tension level, and arrange them according to the steel strand number, tension measurement section number and jacking tension level to generate steel strand graded tension fault data.

[0117] Specifically, the intelligent sensing system uses the current level segmented tensile force results generated by S430 as the data source, and writes the segmented effective tensile force of each tensile force measurement section under each jacking tensile force level into the corresponding data unit, forming a data matrix with tensile force measurement sections as rows and jacking tensile force levels as columns; each data unit records at least the segmented effective tensile force, inversion confidence flag, rationality verification result, current level load protection record flag, and result generation time.

[0118] The graded tensile strength fault data of steel strands are expressed by the following formula:

[0119] Where M represents the graded tensile fault data of the steel strand; Let be the segmental effective tensile force of the i-th tensile force measurement segment under the j-th jacking tensile force level, in N; Q is the number of tensile force measurement segments; n is the number of jacking tensile force levels; variable subscripts i=1,2,...,Q; variable subscripts j=1,2,...,n; k and r are positive integers.

[0120] If a data unit is missing, the inversion confidence flag is abnormal, or the rationality check fails, the intelligent sensing system marks the data unit as pending verification and calls the corresponding graded waveguide response data and effective waveguide characteristics of the segment for re-verification, without directly using it for subsequent anomaly identification. The intelligent sensing system executes sequentially according to the preset jacking force level sequence. After the current jacking force level is the last level and all segmented force results of the current level have completed the rationality check, it stops repeatedly executing S310 to S430 and proceeds to S520.

[0121] For example, if a steel strand is divided into 4 tensile strength test sections and jacking process is set with 3 jacking tensile strength levels of 100000N, 150000N and 200000N, then the graded tensile strength fault data of the steel strand will form a data matrix of 4 rows and 3 columns, where the second row and third column represent the segmented effective tensile strength of the second tensile strength test section under the jacking tensile strength level of 200000N.

[0122] S520. Based on the graded tensile fault data of steel strand generated in S510, the intelligent sensing system calculates the effective tensile difference between adjacent tensile force measurement sections, as well as the tensile change between adjacent jacking tensile force levels in the same tensile force measurement section. Based on the section allowable tensile force threshold, allowable force transmission attenuation threshold, and allowable change threshold recorded in S120, it identifies abnormal sections corresponding to local overload, local force transmission insufficiency, and tensile sudden change, and generates graded tensile force anomaly identification results.

[0123] The effective tensile force difference between adjacent tensile force measurement sections is determined by the following formula:

[0124] in, For the j-th jacking force level, the i-th tension force measurement section and the... The effective tensile force difference between each tensile force measurement section, in N; The effective tensile force of the i-th tensile force measurement section under the j-th jacking tensile force level is expressed in N. For the first The effective tensile force of each tensile force measurement section under the j-th jacking tensile force level is expressed in N.

[0125] The change in tension between adjacent jacking tension levels in the same tension measurement section is determined by the following formula:

[0126] in, For the i-th tensile force measurement segment from the i-th The change in tension from the j-th jacking tension level to the j-th jacking tension level, in N; The effective tensile force of the i-th tensile force measurement section under the j-th jacking tensile force level is expressed in N. For the i-th tensile force measurement segment in the th... The effective tensile force of each segment under each jacking tension level is expressed in N.

[0127] Local overload is determined based on whether the effective tensile force of a segment exceeds the allowable tensile force threshold of the corresponding tensile force measurement segment; local insufficient force transmission is determined based on whether the difference in effective tensile force between adjacent tensile force measurement segments exceeds the allowable force transmission attenuation threshold; tensile force mutation is determined based on whether the tensile force change between adjacent jacking tensile force levels in the same tensile force measurement segment exceeds the allowable change threshold.

[0128] The above determinations are executed according to the following formulas:

[0129] in, The allowable tensile force threshold for the i-th tensile force measurement section is expressed in N. When the above condition is met, it is determined that the i-th tensile force measurement section has a local overload under the j-th jacking tensile force level.

[0130]

[0131] in, For the i-th tensile force measurement segment and the i-th tensile force measurement segment The permissible force attenuation threshold between tensile force measurement sections is expressed in N. When the above conditions are met, it is determined that there is a local force insufficiency between two adjacent tensile force measurement sections.

[0132]

[0133] in, The permissible change threshold for the i-th tensile force measurement section is expressed in N. When the above condition is met, it is determined that there is a sudden change in tensile force between adjacent jacking tensile force levels in the i-th tensile force measurement section.

[0134] The intelligent sensing system locates anomalies based on the start and end positions and adjacent connection positions in the tensile force measurement section mapping table; local overload and tensile force mutation are located to the corresponding tensile force measurement section, and local insufficient force transmission is located to the connection position between two adjacent tensile force measurement sections where the effective tensile force difference exceeds the limit.

[0135] For example, if the effective tensile force difference between the second and third tensile force measurement sections is 50,000 N, and the corresponding allowable force attenuation threshold is 20,000 N, and the adjacent connection position between the two is the second guide hole, then the intelligent sensing system will locate the local insufficient force transmission to the connection position corresponding to the second guide hole.

[0136] S530: The intelligent sensing system combines the graded tensile fault data of the steel strand generated by S510 and the graded tensile anomaly identification results generated by S520 into the graded tensile force measurement results of the steel strand, and outputs the effective tensile force, abnormal section location and corresponding jacking tensile force level of each tensile force measurement section in the current unresisted transverse displacement pile jacking process.

[0137] The graded tensile force measurement results for steel strands should include at least the steel strand number, tensile force measurement section number, jacking tensile force level, effective tensile force of each section, difference in effective tensile force between adjacent sections, tensile force variation between adjacent levels, anomaly type, start and end positions of the anomaly section, adjacent connection positions, corresponding threshold for the anomaly, inversion confidence flag, rationality verification results, and output time. The intelligent sensing system generates graded reports according to the jacking tensile force level and records the tensile force distribution along the jacking force path according to the tensile force measurement section, enabling subsequent jacking control to handle specific anomaly types and locations.

[0138] When the graded tensile force measurement results of the steel strand include local overload, the intelligent sensing system outputs a prompt to reduce the next jacking tension level or pause loading; when it includes local insufficient force transmission, it outputs a prompt to check the contact status of the corresponding guide hole, pile top stress section, or anchor end; when it includes sudden changes in tension, it outputs a prompt to check the load-bearing status and graded waveguide response data under the current jacking tension level. These prompts are auxiliary outputs of the graded tensile force measurement results of the steel strand and do not change the tensile force measurement process from S1 to S5.

[0139] For example, if the abnormality in the graded tensile strength test results of the steel strand occurs between the second and third tensile strength test sections, and the abnormality type is local insufficient force transmission, the corresponding connection position is the second guide hole, the corresponding effective tensile strength difference of the segment is 50000N, and the allowable force transmission attenuation threshold is 20000N, then the intelligent sensing system will output a prompt to verify the installation status and contact friction of the second guide hole, and write the abnormal result along with the corresponding jacking tensile strength level into the measurement record.

[0140] All the above formulas are performed using dimensionless numerical calculations; the relevant formulas are based on empirical models that approximate the real situation, obtained through extensive data collection and software simulation fitting. The preset parameters and thresholds involved in the formulas can be conventionally set and adjusted by those skilled in the art according to the physical constraints of the actual application scenario.

[0141] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0142] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0143] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for graded measurement of tension in steel strands during jacking of piles without anti-lateral displacement, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Read the jacking construction parameters of the non-resistance transverse displacement pile, the steel strand layout parameters and the connection relationship from the tensioning end to the anchoring end through the intelligent sensing system, determine the jacking force path, divide the steel strand along the jacking force path into multiple tension force measurement sections, and generate a tension force measurement section mapping table. S2. When the steel strand is in its initial tension state, according to the configuration of the self-waveguide measurement channel, input low-energy sweep frequency excitation or pulse excitation, collect the initial reflection response, initial transmission response, and initial phase response, and generate the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand according to the tensile force measurement section mapping table, specifically including: Under the initial tension of the steel strand, the end tension force, end displacement and anchorage end retraction are read based on the self-waveguide measurement channel configuration, and an initial tension state record is generated after stability condition determination. Based on the configuration of the self-waveguide measurement channel and the initial tension state record, a low-energy sweep frequency excitation or pulse excitation that does not change the tension state is input into the steel strand, and the initial reflection response, initial transmission response and initial phase response are collected and verified to generate initial wave response data. Based on the tensile strength measurement section mapping table, the initial wave response data is assigned to a section, and the initial arrival time, initial amplitude attenuation, initial phase state and initial wave velocity characteristics are extracted to generate the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand. S3. After the non-resistance transverse displacement pile is jacked at the preset jacking tension level and the load protection condition is met, call the excitation parameters that are consistent with the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand, input the low-energy frequency sweep excitation or pulse excitation again, and collect the graded waveguide response data under the current jacking tension level. S4. Compare the graded waveguide response data with the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand according to the tensile force measurement section to generate the section waveguide change characteristics. After response elimination, generate the effective waveguide characteristics of the section. Generate the current grade segment tensile force result according to the tensile force inversion rule.

2. The method for graded measurement of tension of steel strands during jacking of piles without anti-lateral displacement as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: S5. Repeat S3 to S4 according to the preset jacking tension level sequence to form graded tension fault data of steel strand. Based on the effective tension difference of adjacent tension measurement sections and the tension change of adjacent jacking tension levels, output the graded tension measurement results of steel strand.

3. The method for graded measurement of tension of steel strands during jacking of piles without anti-lateral displacement as described in claim 1, characterized in that, S1 specifically includes: The intelligent sensing system reads the jacking construction parameters, steel strand layout parameters and the connection relationship from the tensioning end to the anchoring end, verifies the connection status of the tensioning end, the penetration status of the guide hole, the stress connection status of the pile top and the locking status of the anchoring end, determines the jacking force path and generates the jacking force path record. Based on the jacking force path record, tensile force measurement sections are divided according to path nodes, contact state change positions, and resolvable lengths of wave response. The start and end positions, adjacent connection positions, and wave response attribution relationships are recorded to generate a tensile force measurement section mapping table.

4. The method for graded measurement of tension of steel strands during jacking of piles without anti-lateral displacement as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: Wave excitation units and wave response acquisition units are arranged at accessible locations on the steel strand and bound to a tensile strength measurement section mapping table to generate a self-waveguide measurement channel configuration.

5. The method for graded measurement of tension of steel strands during jacking of piles without anti-lateral displacement as described in claim 1, characterized in that, S3 specifically includes: When the unresisting transverse displacement pile is jacked according to the preset jacking tension level, based on the configuration of the self-waveguide measurement channel and the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand, the current jacking tension level, end tension reading, jacking displacement and load protection status are read, and the current graded load protection record is generated after the load protection condition is determined. Using the current graded load record as the acquisition trigger condition, the excitation parameters consistent with the initial waveguide reference of the steel strand are called, and low-energy frequency sweep excitation or pulse excitation is input to the steel strand. The excitation is verified to have not changed the current stress state, and a graded excitation execution record is generated.

6. The method for graded measurement of tension of steel strands during jacking of piles without anti-lateral displacement as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: Collect the graded reflection response, graded transmission response, and graded phase response under the current jacking force level. After validity verification, associate them with the current graded load protection record and graded excitation execution record to generate graded waveguide response data.

7. The method for graded measurement of tension of steel strands during jacking of piles without anti-lateral displacement as described in claim 1, characterized in that, S4 specifically includes: According to the steel strand number, the tension measurement section number and the current jacking tension level, the initial waveguide reference and graded waveguide response data of the steel strand are called. The initial data and graded data under the same self-waveguide measurement channel configuration are compared section by section to generate the section waveguide change characteristics. Based on the reflection response reception time window, graded signal-to-noise ratio, consistency of repeated acquisition, and fixed response time range at the end, acquisition noise, fixed response at the end, and non-segment response are eliminated to generate effective waveguide characteristics of the segment. The effective waveguide characteristics of the section are input into the tensile inversion rule to calculate the segmented effective tensile force of each tensile force measurement section. After the rationality is verified, the segmented tensile force result of the current level is generated.

8. The method for graded measurement of tension of steel strands during jacking of piles without anti-lateral displacement as described in claim 2, characterized in that, S5 specifically includes: Repeat S3 to S4 according to the preset jacking tension level sequence, arrange the current level segment tension results according to the steel strand number, tension measurement section number and jacking tension level, and generate steel strand graded tension fault data; Based on the graded tensile fault data of steel strands, the effective tensile force difference between adjacent tensile force measurement sections and the tensile force change between adjacent jacking tensile force levels in the same tensile force measurement section are calculated to identify local overload, local insufficient force transmission and tensile force mutation, and generate graded tensile force anomaly identification results.

9. The method for graded measurement of tension of steel strands during jacking of piles without anti-lateral displacement as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: The graded tensile fault data of steel strands are combined with the graded tensile anomaly identification results to form the graded tensile force measurement results of steel strands, and the output of segmented effective tensile force, abnormal section location and corresponding jacking tensile force level.

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