A visual test method for simulating impact of debris flow on bridge pier

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of visual test method simulating debris flow impact bridge pier, device includes bridge pier device, monitoring device, water tank and support water tank support.The water tank includes storage tank bottom plate, inclined groove I bottom plate, inclined groove II bottom plate, waste recovery tank bottom plate and the side plate installed in the two sides of each bottom plate.Storage tank bottom plate, inclined groove I bottom plate, inclined groove II bottom plate and waste recovery tank bottom plate are sequentially movable connection, and the side plate is also provided on the side of storage tank bottom plate away from other bottom plates, for blocking debris flow.The support includes ordinary support and hydraulic lifting support, and the inclination angle of inclined groove II bottom plate is adjusted by hydraulic support.The monitoring device is used to monitor the whole process that debris flow released from bottom plate impacts bridge pier arranged on inclined groove II bottom plate.The whole impact process is visualized by transparent water tank and debris flow, and the whole process of evolution of debris flow impact engineering structure under different inclinations is simulated by adjusting inclination.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of application number 202410916025.X, entitled "A Multifunctional Simulation Device for Visualizing Debris Flow Impacting Bridge Piers and Its Usage Method". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the field of geological disaster simulation testing technology, specifically a visual test method for simulating the impact of debris flows on bridge piers. Background Technology

[0003] Debris flows, as a common natural disaster, pose a serious threat to engineering facilities such as bridges in mountainous areas due to their high density and high velocity. Indoor model tests, with their advantages of being intuitive and controllable, have become an important means of studying the process and characteristics of debris flow impacting bridge piers. However, in existing model tests, the bridge pier structure is mostly fixed, making it difficult to flexibly adapt to the simulation requirements of different cross-sectional shapes. Furthermore, the means of monitoring the stress characteristics of different parts of the bridge pier during debris flow impact are relatively limited, restricting in-depth research on the debris flow-bridge pier interaction mechanism.

[0004] Meanwhile, particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology is widely used in fluid mechanics research due to its advantages such as non-contact operation, high resolution, and full-field measurement. Introducing PIV technology into model tests of debris flow impacting bridge piers could efficiently obtain information on the velocity distribution of the debris flow field, thereby enabling a more accurate analysis of the debris flow's motion and its impact on the bridge piers. However, traditional PIV technology requires the fluid to have a certain degree of transparency, while natural debris flows are typically opaque, limiting the direct application of this technology in debris flow model tests.

[0005] Therefore, developing a debris flow impact simulation device that enables flexible replacement of bridge pier structures, simultaneous measurement of impact forces at multiple locations, and visualization capabilities is of great significance for improving the accuracy and efficiency of research on the impact resistance mechanism of bridge structures under debris flow disasters. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multifunctional simulation device for visualizing debris flow impacting bridge piers, including a bridge pier device, a monitoring device, a water tank, and a support frame for supporting the water tank.

[0007] The water tank includes a storage tank bottom plate, an inclined tank I bottom plate, an inclined tank II bottom plate, a waste recycling tank bottom plate, and side plates.

[0008] The side plates are fixedly installed on both sides of each base plate.

[0009] The bottom plate of the storage tank, the bottom plate of inclined trough I, the bottom plate of inclined trough II, and the bottom plate of the waste recycling tank are connected in sequence.

[0010] The bottom plate of the storage tank is also provided with a side plate on the side away from the bottom plate of the waste recycling tank, which is used to block mudslides.

[0011] The support system includes a standard support system and a hydraulic lifting support system.

[0012] The bottom plates of the storage tank and the waste recycling tank are supported by several ordinary brackets.

[0013] The connection point between the bottom plate of inclined groove I and the bottom plate of inclined groove II, and the bottom plate of inclined groove II are supported by several hydraulic lifting brackets.

[0014] The bridge pier device is installed on the bottom plate of the inclined groove II.

[0015] The pier device includes a pier base placement slot, a pier cross-sectional shape conversion device, a pier body, and a pier cap.

[0016] The pier base placement slot is fixedly installed on the bottom plate of the inclined slot II. The pier base placement slot is equipped with a pier cross-sectional shape conversion device.

[0017] The pier body is inserted into the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device to fix the pier body, and the other end is inserted into the pier cap.

[0018] The monitoring device includes a force sensor bracket, a force sensor, and a dynamic signal acquisition instrument connected to the force sensor.

[0019] The force sensor bracket is a T-shaped rod, including a vertical rod and a horizontal rod, and is installed on the placement groove of the pier base. Several through holes are spaced apart on the vertical rod and the horizontal rod for fixing the force sensor.

[0020] The force sensor is connected to the sensor element installed on the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device and the pier cap, and is used to collect data on the force exerted by the debris flow on the pier.

[0021] The debris flow was released from the bottom plate of the storage tank.

[0022] Furthermore, the bottom plate of the inclined trough I is a trapezoidal plate with a variable cross-section, the longer side of which is connected to the bottom plate of the storage trough, and the shorter side of which is connected to the bottom plate of the inclined trough II.

[0023] Furthermore, the bottom plate of the storage tank, the bottom plate of inclined trough I, the bottom plate of inclined trough II, and the bottom plate of the waste recycling tank are connected in sequence by hinges.

[0024] Furthermore, a groove I is provided on the side of the bottom plate of the storage tank near the bottom plate of the inclined groove I, and a baffle is inserted in the groove I.

[0025] Remove the baffle to release the mudslide.

[0026] Furthermore, by adjusting the height of the hydraulic lifting support, the angle between the bottom plate of the inclined trough II and the bottom plate of the waste recycling trough can be changed to achieve different slope gradients.

[0027] Furthermore, the pier base placement groove is provided with a slot I for installing the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device and a slot II for installing the force sensor bracket.

[0028] The position of slot II is closer to the bottom plate of the waste recycling tank than the position of slot I.

[0029] The shapes of slot I and slot II are respectively adapted to the bottom contour shapes of the pier cross-section shape conversion device and the force sensor bracket.

[0030] A connecting hole is provided between slot I and slot II for leading out the force sensor wire.

[0031] Furthermore, both the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device and the pier cap are provided with grooves II for the pier body to be inserted.

[0032] The shape of the groove II is adapted to the outline shape of the pier body.

[0033] Furthermore, the water tank, the pier base placement slot, the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device, the pier body, the pier cap, and the force sensor bracket are all made of acrylic material.

[0034] Furthermore, the monitoring device also includes a laser emitter and a camera for monitoring the entire process of debris flow impacting the bridge pier.

[0035] The laser emitter is installed at the connection position between the bottom plate of inclined groove I and the bottom plate of inclined groove II via a laser emitter bracket and a limiting pivot.

[0036] The camera is positioned above and to the side of the bottom plate of the inclined trough II and in front of the bottom plate of the waste recycling trough.

[0037] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for using a multifunctional simulation device for visualizing debris flow impacting bridge piers, comprising the following steps:

[0038] 1) Connect the bottom plate of the storage tank, the bottom plate of inclined trough I, the bottom plate of inclined trough II, and the bottom plate of the waste recycling tank in sequence with hinges, and install side plates on both sides of each bottom plate and on the side of the storage tank bottom plate away from the waste recycling tank bottom plate;

[0039] Next, ordinary supports are installed under the bottom plate of the storage tank and the bottom plate of the waste recycling tank, and hydraulic lifting supports are installed under the bottom plate of the inclined tank II. The height of the hydraulic lifting supports is adjusted according to the terrain slope or test design of the slope location to achieve the test slope.

[0040] 2) Install a limiting pivot at the connection point between the bottom plate of inclined groove I and the bottom plate of inclined groove II;

[0041] Connect the laser emitter bracket to the limiting pivot, and adjust the position of the laser emitter through the limiting pivot;

[0042] 3) Fix the pier base placement slot on the bottom plate of the inclined slot II, then insert the force sensor bracket into the slot II of the pier base placement slot, and install force sensors at the upper and lower ends of the vertical rod of the force sensor bracket respectively, so that the lead wire of the lower force sensor passes through the connecting hole of the connecting slot I and the slot II.

[0043] 4) Determine the cross-sectional shape of the pier body according to the structural design requirements or test objectives, and determine the appropriate pier cross-sectional shape conversion device and pier cap according to the cross-sectional shape of the pier body;

[0044] After determining the shape, insert the pier cross-section shape conversion device into the slot I of the pier base placement groove; then insert the pier body into the groove II of the pier cross-section shape conversion device, and insert the other end into the groove II of the pier cap.

[0045] And connect the force sensor to the sensor element installed on the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device and the pier cap;

[0046] 5) Connect the dynamic signal acquisition instrument to the force sensor, and set up cameras on the upper side of the bottom plate of the inclined trough II and in front of the bottom plate of the waste recycling trough;

[0047] 6) Perform equipment debugging for monitoring;

[0048] 7) After debugging, insert the baffle into the groove I of the bottom plate of the storage tank to form the storage tank; fill the storage tank with material, which is debris flow material prepared in advance according to the purpose of the test;

[0049] 8) Remove the baffle to release the debris flow material, and start the monitoring equipment before removing the baffle to monitor and record the entire process of the debris flow impacting the bridge pier.

[0050] 9) After the experiment is completed, the debris flow material in the water tank is recovered.

[0051] The technical effects of this invention are undeniable, and its beneficial effects are as follows:

[0052] 1. This invention employs visualization technology, enabling the device to perform high-precision measurement and analysis of debris flow velocity fields in a non-contact manner. This method can provide continuous velocity field data, which helps to better understand the impact mechanics of debris flows on bridge piers.

[0053] 2. The present invention uses a transparent water tank design and transparent debris flow material to make the entire debris flow impact process visible, which facilitates the observation, recording and analysis of the debris flow pattern and the details of its interaction with the bridge pier, thereby enabling in-depth research on the flow characteristics of debris flow and the impact mechanism of bridge pier.

[0054] 3. This invention has a wide range of applications. By adjusting the inclination of the water tank, it can simulate the entire process of the evolution of debris flow impact engineering structures under different slope terrain conditions.

[0055] 4. This invention supports bridge piers with various cross-sectional shapes, such as circular, square, and round-ended bridge piers, and has the advantages of being easy to use, low in time and economic cost. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a multi-functional simulation device for visualizing debris flow impacting bridge piers;

[0057] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A front view of the bridge pier assembly;

[0058] Figure 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of the circular bridge pier cross-sectional shape conversion device;

[0059] Figure 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of a circular bridge pier cap;

[0060] Figure 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of the square bridge pier cross-sectional shape conversion device;

[0061] Figure 4 (b) is a schematic diagram of a square pier cap;

[0062] Figure 5 (a) is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional shape conversion device for round-ended bridge piers;

[0063] Figure 5 (b) is a schematic diagram of a round-ended bridge pier cap;

[0064] Figure 6 (a) is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional shape conversion device for rhomboid bridge piers;

[0065] Figure 6 (b) is a schematic diagram of the diamond-shaped bridge pier cap.

[0066] in, Figure 1 , Figures 3-6 None of the components are made transparent.

[0067] In the diagram: 101 - bottom plate of storage tank; 201 - bottom plate of inclined trough I; 301 - bottom plate of inclined trough II; 601 - bottom plate of waste recycling tank; 1002 - side plate;

[0068] 102 - Standard support bracket; 303 - Hydraulic lifting support bracket;

[0069] 302 - Limiting pivot; 401 - Laser emitter bracket; 402 - Laser emitter;

[0070] 5-Pier assembly; 501-Pier base placement slot; 502-Pier cross-sectional shape conversion device; 503-Pier body; 504-Pier cap;

[0071] 505 - Force sensor bracket; 5051 - Force sensor; 7 - Camera;

[0072] 5020 - Circular pier cross-section shape conversion device; 5040 - Circular pier cap;

[0073] 5021 - Square pier cross-section shape conversion device; 5041 - Square pier cap;

[0074] 5022 - Round-ended bridge pier cross-section shape conversion device; 5042 - Round-ended bridge pier cap;

[0075] 5023 - Rhombus-shaped pier cross-section shape conversion device; 5043 - Rhombus-shaped pier cap. Detailed Implementation

[0076] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. Various substitutions and modifications made based on ordinary technical knowledge and common practices in the art without departing from the above-described technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0077] Example 1:

[0078] A multi-functional simulation device for visualizing debris flow impacting bridge piers includes a bridge pier device 5, a monitoring device, a water tank, and a support frame for the water tank.

[0079] The water tank includes a storage tank bottom plate 101, an inclined tank I bottom plate 201, an inclined tank II bottom plate 301, a waste recycling tank bottom plate 601, and a side plate 1002.

[0080] The side plates 1002 are fixedly installed on both sides of each base plate, see attached. Figure 1 .

[0081] The bottom plate 101 of the storage tank, the bottom plate 201 of the inclined trough I, the bottom plate 301 of the inclined trough II, and the bottom plate 601 of the waste recycling tank are connected in sequence.

[0082] The bottom plate 101 of the storage tank is also provided with a side plate 1002 on the side away from the bottom plate 601 of the waste recycling tank, which is used to block debris flow. The gaps between the side plates have negligible impact on debris flow.

[0083] The support includes a standard support 102 and a hydraulic lifting support 303.

[0084] The bottom plate 101 of the storage tank and the bottom plate 601 of the waste recycling tank are supported by several ordinary brackets 102.

[0085] The connection point between the inclined groove I bottom plate 201 and the inclined groove II bottom plate 301, and the inclined groove II bottom plate 301 are supported by several hydraulic lifting brackets 303.

[0086] The pier device 5 is installed on the bottom plate 301 of the inclined groove II.

[0087] The pier device 5 includes a pier base placement slot 501, a pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502, a pier body 503, and a pier cap 504.

[0088] The pier base placement groove 501 is fixedly installed on the bottom plate 301 of the inclined groove II. The pier base placement groove 501 is provided with a pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502.

[0089] The pier body 503 is inserted into the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502 to fix the pier body, and the other end is inserted into the pier cap 504.

[0090] The monitoring device includes a force sensor bracket 505, a force sensor 5051, and a dynamic signal acquisition instrument connected to the force sensor 5051.

[0091] The force sensor bracket 505 is a T-shaped rod, including a vertical rod and a horizontal rod, and is installed on the pier base placement groove 501. Several through holes are spaced apart on the vertical rod and the horizontal rod for fixing the force sensor 5051.

[0092] The force sensor 5051 is connected to the sensor element installed on the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502 and the pier cap 504, and is used to collect data on the force exerted by the debris flow on the pier.

[0093] The debris flow is released from the bottom plate 101 of the storage tank.

[0094] Example 2:

[0095] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1. Furthermore, the bottom plate 201 of the inclined trough I is a trapezoidal plate with a variable cross-section. The longer side is connected to the bottom plate 101 of the storage trough, and the shorter side is connected to the bottom plate 301 of the inclined trough II.

[0096] Example 3:

[0097] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 2. Furthermore, the bottom plate 101 of the storage tank, the bottom plate 201 of the inclined trough I, the bottom plate 301 of the inclined trough II, and the bottom plate 601 of the waste recycling tank are connected in sequence by hinges.

[0098] Example 4:

[0099] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 3. Furthermore, a groove I is provided on the side of the bottom plate 101 of the storage tank near the bottom plate 201 of the inclined groove I, and a baffle 103 is inserted in the groove I.

[0100] Remove the baffle 103 to release the mudslide.

[0101] Example 5:

[0102] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 4. Furthermore, by adjusting the height of the hydraulic lifting support 303, the angle between the bottom plate 301 of the inclined trough II and the bottom plate 601 of the waste recycling trough can be changed to achieve different slope gradients.

[0103] Example 6:

[0104] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 5. Furthermore, the pier base placement groove 501 is provided with a groove I for installing the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502 and a groove II for installing the force sensor bracket 505.

[0105] The position of slot II is closer to the bottom plate 601 of the waste recycling tank than the position of slot I.

[0106] The shapes of slot I and slot II are respectively adapted to the bottom contour shapes of the pier cross-section shape conversion device 502 and the force sensor bracket 505.

[0107] A connecting hole is provided between slot I and slot II for leading out the force sensor wire.

[0108] Example 7:

[0109] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 6. Furthermore, both the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502 and the pier cap 504 are provided with grooves II for the pier body 503 to be inserted.

[0110] The shape of the groove II is adapted to the outline shape of the pier body 503.

[0111] Example 8:

[0112] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 7. Further, when the cross-sectional shape of the pier body 503 is circular, a circular pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 5020 and a circular pier cap 5040 are selected. See attached diagram. Figure 3 At this time, the cross-sectional shape of groove II is circular.

[0113] Example 9:

[0114] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 7. Further, when the cross-sectional shape of the pier body 503 is square, a square pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 5021 and a square pier cap 5041 are selected. See attached diagram. Figure 4 At this time, the cross-sectional shape of groove II is square.

[0115] Example 10:

[0116] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 7. Further, when the cross-sectional shape of the pier body 503 is rounded, a rounded pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 5022 and a rounded pier cover 5042 are selected. See attached diagram. Figure 5 At this time, the cross-sectional shape of groove II is round-ended.

[0117] Example 11:

[0118] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 7. Further, when the cross-sectional shape of the pier body 503 is rhomboid, the rhomboid pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 5023 and the rhomboid pier cap 5043 are selected. See attached... Figure 6 At this time, the cross-sectional shape of groove II is rhomboid.

[0119] Example 12:

[0120] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 11. Furthermore, the water tank, the pier base placement slot 501, the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502, the pier body 503, the pier cap 504, and the force sensor bracket 505 are all made of acrylic material.

[0121] Example 13:

[0122] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 12. Furthermore, the monitoring device also includes a laser emitter 402 and a camera 7, which are used to monitor the entire process of debris flow impacting the bridge pier.

[0123] The laser emitter 402 is installed at the connection position between the bottom plate 201 of inclined groove I and the bottom plate 301 of inclined groove II via the laser emitter bracket 401 and the limiting shaft 302.

[0124] The camera 7 is positioned above the side (left or right) of the inclined trough II bottom plate 301 and in front of the waste recycling trough bottom plate 601 (away from the storage trough).

[0125] Example 14:

[0126] A method for using a multi-functional simulation device for visualizing debris flow impacting bridge piers, based on any one of Embodiments 1-13, includes the following steps:

[0127] 1) Connect the bottom plate 101 of the storage tank, the bottom plate 201 of the inclined trough I, the bottom plate 301 of the inclined trough II and the bottom plate 601 of the waste recycling tank in sequence by hinges, and assemble side plates 1002 on both sides of each bottom plate and on the side of the bottom plate 101 of the storage tank away from the bottom plate 601 of the waste recycling tank.

[0128] Next, a common support 102 is installed under the bottom plate 101 of the storage tank and the bottom plate 601 of the waste recycling tank, and a hydraulic lifting support 303 is installed under the bottom plate 301 of the inclined tank II. The height of the hydraulic lifting support 303 is adjusted according to the terrain slope or test design of the slope location to achieve the test slope.

[0129] 2) Install a limiting pivot 302 at the connection position between the bottom plate 201 of inclined groove I and the bottom plate 301 of inclined groove II;

[0130] Connect the laser emitter bracket 401 to the limiting shaft 302, and adjust the position of the laser emitter 402 through the limiting shaft 302;

[0131] 3) Fix the pier base placement groove 501 on the bottom plate 301 of the inclined groove II, then insert the force sensor bracket 505 into the groove II of the pier base placement groove 501, and assemble the force sensor 5051 at the upper and lower ends of the vertical rod of the force sensor bracket 505 respectively, so that the lead wire of the lower force sensor passes through the connecting hole of the connecting groove I and the connecting hole of the groove II.

[0132] 4) Determine the cross-sectional shape of the pier body 503 according to the pier structure design requirements or test objectives, and determine the appropriate pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502 and pier cap 504 according to the cross-sectional shape of the pier body 503.

[0133] After determining the shape, insert the pier cross-section shape conversion device 502 into the slot I of the pier base placement groove 501; then insert the pier body 503 into the groove II of the pier cross-section shape conversion device 502, and insert the other end into the groove II of the pier cap 504.

[0134] The force sensors 5051 at the upper and lower ends of the vertical rod are connected to the sensor elements set on the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502 and the pier cap 504, respectively.

[0135] 5) Connect the dynamic signal acquisition instrument to the force sensor 5051, and set up the camera 7 on the upper side of the bottom plate 301 of the inclined trough II and in front of the bottom plate 601 of the waste recycling trough;

[0136] 6) Perform equipment debugging for monitoring;

[0137] 7) After debugging, insert the baffle 103 into the groove I of the bottom plate 101 of the storage tank to form a storage tank; fill the storage tank with material, which is debris flow material prepared in advance according to the purpose of the test;

[0138] 8) Remove the baffle 103 to release the debris flow material, and start the monitoring equipment before removing the baffle 103 to monitor and record the entire process of the debris flow impacting the bridge pier.

[0139] 9) After the experiment is completed, the debris flow material in the water tank is recovered.

[0140] Example 15:

[0141] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 14. Further, the inclined groove I is a variable cross-section trapezoidal groove that connects the storage trough and the inclined groove II. Its length is 30cm, its width at the connection with the storage trough is 20cm, and its width at the connection with the inclined groove II is 14cm.

[0142] The inclined groove II base plate 301 is 120cm long and 14cm wide, made of 0.5cm thick acrylic sheet with high transparency, and the slope can be adjusted arbitrarily.

[0143] The pier placement trough is 12cm long, 8cm wide, and 4.5cm high. It is connected to the bottom plate of the inclined trough II. A hole is drilled on the back flow side to facilitate the lead-out of the force sensor wire. It is mainly used to place the pier, pier converter, and force sensor, and to provide conditions for replacing the pier model and pier converter.

[0144] Example 16:

[0145] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 15. Further, when recovering the transparent mudflow in the water tank, a marking board is used to clean the transparent mudflow from top to bottom into the waste recovery tank. Then, the waste recovery tank is removed, and the inner wall of the water tank is rinsed with a moving water pipe to clean the transparent mudflow in the water tank, especially the residual transparent mudflow in the cross-sectional shape conversion structure of the bridge pier, so as to prevent the bridge pier from being difficult to re-insert.

[0146] Example 17:

[0147] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 16. Furthermore, this application proposes a multifunctional simulation device for visualizing debris flow impacting bridge piers, suitable for indoor model tests of debris flow flow characteristics and the interaction between debris flow and bridge pier structure. It includes a water tank frame and storage tank I, an upper inclined tank II, a lower inclined tank III, a laser emitter IV, a bridge pier placement tank V, and a waste recycling tank VI.

[0148] The water tank frame consists of a storage tank bottom plate 101, an upper inclined tank bottom plate 201, a lower inclined tank bottom plate 301, a waste recycling tank bottom plate 601, hinges, a high-transparency acrylic side wall 1002, a limiting pivot 302, a hydraulic lifting bracket 303, and a regular bracket 102.

[0149] The upper inclined trough bottom plate 201 and the lower inclined trough bottom plate 301 are transparent debris flow areas.

[0150] The bottom plate 101 of the storage tank, the bottom plate 201 of the upper inclined tank, the bottom plate 301 of the lower inclined tank, and the bottom plate 601 of the waste recycling tank are rigidly connected to the side wall 1002 of the high-transparency acrylic sheet.

[0151] The storage tank I is closed on one side, while the waste recycling tank VI603 is open on the other side to facilitate the flow of transparent debris flow.

[0152] The bottom plate 101 of the storage tank, the bottom plate 201 of the upper inclined tank, the bottom plate 301 of the lower inclined tank, and the bottom plate 601 of the waste recycling tank are connected to the hinge 603 of the waste recycling tank and can be rotated 90° to adjust the angle.

[0153] The angle between the inclined trough Ⅲ and the waste recycling trough VI can be changed by adjusting the height of the hydraulic lifting support 303 to achieve different slope gradients.

[0154] The storage tank I does not require height adjustment and is supported by four ordinary brackets 102 at the front and back.

[0155] The hydraulic lifting support 303 is connected to the base plate 301 and the laser emitter support 401 via the limit pivot 302, and there are a total of 4 supports.

[0156] The waste recycling tank VI does not require height adjustment and is supported by a total of 6 ordinary 602 brackets at the front and rear.

[0157] Storage tank I is used to store and release transparent mudslides. It consists of a gate baffle 103 and a high-transparency acrylic plate sidewall 1002. The transparent mudslide is released by quickly pulling up the gate baffle 103.

[0158] The pier placement slot IV consists of a pier base placement slot 501, a pier cross-sectional shape conversion structure 502, a pier body 503, a pier cap 504, and a force sensor 505.

[0159] After the pier base placement groove 501, the pier cross-sectional shape conversion structure 502 and the force sensor 505 are spliced ​​together, they cover the bottom plate 301 of the inclined groove, and the pier body 503 is inserted into the hole of the pier cross-sectional shape conversion structure 502 for fixation.

[0160] The pier base placement groove 501, the pier cross-sectional shape conversion structure 502, the pier body 503, and the pier cap 504 are all made of high-transparency acrylic material to ensure PIV imaging effect.

[0161] Furthermore, the force sensor 505 is connected to the pier cross-section shape conversion structure 502 and the pier cap 504 to read the force data transmitted from the side of the pier cross-section shape conversion structure 502 and the pier cap 504 when measuring the impact force of transparent debris flow.

[0162] Furthermore, the pier cross-section shape conversion structure 502 supports piers with various cross-section shapes, such as circular cross-section piers, square cross-section piers, round-ended cross-section piers, and rhomboid cross-section piers.

[0163] Furthermore, the pier cap supports piers with various cross-sectional shapes, such as circular cross-section piers, square cross-section piers, round-ended cross-section piers, and rhomboid cross-section piers. The pier cap 504 is placed on the upper end of the pier body 503 and is connected to the force sensor 505.

[0164] Furthermore, the force sensor is connected to the sensor element 5051 of the pier cross-sectional shape conversion structure 502 and the pier cap 504 to realize the acquisition of force data of transparent debris flow on the pier.

[0165] The experiment aimed to compare the flow characteristics of transparent debris flows under different slope gradients and the impact force of transparent debris flows on bridge piers with different cross-sectional shapes. The specific operation procedure of a multi-functional simulation device for visualizing debris flow impacting bridge piers is as follows:

[0166] Step 1. Assemble a multi-functional simulation device based on a visualization debris flow impact bridge pier. Connect the bottom plate 101 of storage tank I, the bottom plate 201 of upper inclined tank II, the bottom plate 301 of lower inclined tank III, and the bottom plate 601 of collection tank VI through hinges 603. According to the terrain slope of the slope location or the test design, raise and lower four hydraulic lifting supports 303 and adjust their heights to achieve different slopes.

[0167] Step 2. Assemble the PIV measurement system. Connect the bracket 401 of the laser emitter IV to the water tank frame through the limiting pivot 302. Adjust the laser emitter to the appropriate position according to the limiting pivot 302.

[0168] Step 3. According to the pier structure design requirements or test objectives, place the pier cross-sectional shape conversion structure 502, the pier body 503, and the pier cap 504 together in the pier placement slot.

[0169] Step 4. Install and debug the monitoring equipment according to the physical quantities required for the test objectives and requirements;

[0170] Step 5. Fix the baffle 103 of storage tank I to the bottom plate 101 of storage tank I through the limiting slot, and determine the proportion and configuration of transparent debris flow material according to the purpose of the test, and fill the storage tank I with material.

[0171] Step 6. Start the monitoring equipment and turn on the laser emitter, camera 7, dynamic signal acquisition instrument and other measuring equipment to start recording images and data. Quickly remove the baffle 103 manually to release the transparent mudslide.

[0172] Step 7. After all the transparent mudflow in the storage tank has been released, clean the transparent mudflow in the recovery tank from top to bottom into the waste recovery tank VI using a marking board;

[0173] Step 8. Remove the waste recycling tank VI and use a mobile water hose to flush the inner wall of the tank starting from the storage tank I, cleaning the transparent mud and debris flow, especially the residual transparent mud and debris flow in the cross-sectional shape conversion structure of the bridge pier, to prevent the bridge pier from being difficult to reinsert.

[0174] Example 18:

[0175] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of embodiments 1 to 17. Furthermore, the present invention uses a transparent water tank design and transparent debris flow materials to make the entire debris flow impact process visible. By adjusting the inclination of the water tank, the entire process of the evolution of the debris flow impact engineering structure under different slope terrain conditions can be simulated.

Claims

1. A visual experimental method for simulating the impact of debris flow on bridge piers, characterized in that: The simulation device used includes a bridge pier device (5), a monitoring device, a water tank, and a support for the water tank; The support includes a standard support (102) and a hydraulic lifting support (303). The water tank includes a storage tank bottom plate (101), an inclined tank I bottom plate (201), an inclined tank II bottom plate (301), and a waste recycling tank bottom plate (601) connected in sequence, as well as side plates (1002) disposed on the side of the storage tank bottom plate (101) away from the waste recycling tank bottom plate (601) and on both sides of each bottom plate. The pier device (5) includes a pier base placement groove (501), a pier cross-sectional shape conversion device (502), a pier body (503), and a pier cap (504); the pier base placement groove (501) is fixed on the bottom plate (301) of the inclined groove II, and the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device (502) is provided in the groove; one end of the pier body (503) is inserted into the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device (502), and the other end is inserted into the pier cap (504); The monitoring device includes a force sensor bracket (505), a force sensor (5051), a dynamic signal acquisition instrument connected to the force sensor (5051), and a laser emitter (402) and a camera (7) for monitoring the entire process of debris flow impacting the bridge pier. The force sensor bracket (505) is a T-shaped rod, including a vertical rod and a horizontal rod; the vertical rod is installed on the pier base placement groove (501), and several through holes for fixing the force sensor (5051) are spaced apart on the vertical rod; the force sensor (5051) is connected to the sensor element set on the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device (502) and the pier cap (504) to realize the data acquisition of the force of debris flow on the pier; The visualization test method based on the above simulation device includes the following steps: 1) Assemble the water tank and the support, wherein the ordinary support (102) is installed below the bottom plate (101) of the storage tank and the bottom plate (601) of the waste recycling tank, and the hydraulic lifting support (303) is installed below the bottom plate (301) of the inclined tank II and at the connection position of the bottom plate (301) of the inclined tank II and the bottom plate (201) of the inclined tank I; 2) Adjust the height of the hydraulic lifting support (303) according to the terrain slope or test design of the slope location to achieve the test slope; 3) Install an adjustment bracket at the connection position between the bottom plate (201) of inclined groove I and the bottom plate (301) of inclined groove II, fix the laser emitter bracket (401) to the suspended end of the adjustment bracket, and adjust the position of the laser emitter (402) by adjusting the bracket. 4) Fix the pier base placement groove (501) on the bottom plate (301) of the inclined groove II, and install the force sensor bracket (505) in the groove II of the pier base placement groove (501); then assemble the force sensor (5051) at the upper and lower ends of the vertical rod of the force sensor bracket (505). 5) Determine the cross-sectional shape of the pier body (503) according to the structural design requirements or test objectives of the pier; then, based on the cross-sectional shape of the pier body (503), determine the appropriate pier cross-sectional shape conversion device (502) and pier cap (504). 6) After confirming the shape, assemble the pier cross-section shape conversion device (502), pier body (503), pier cap (504) and pier base placement slot (501) together; and connect the force sensor (5051) to the sensor element set on the pier cross-section shape conversion device (502) and pier cap (504); 7) Connect the dynamic signal acquisition instrument to the force sensor (5051) and set up a camera (7) on the side above the bottom plate (301) of the inclined trough II and in front of the bottom plate (601) of the waste recycling trough. 8) Perform equipment debugging for monitoring; after debugging is completed, insert the baffle (103) into the bottom plate (101) of the storage tank to form a storage tank, and fill the storage tank with materials; The material in question is debris flow material prepared in advance according to the purpose of the experiment; 9) Remove the baffle (103) to release the debris flow material, and start the monitoring equipment before removing the baffle (103) to monitor and record the entire process of the debris flow impacting the bridge pier.

2. The visual test method for simulating debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the bottom plate (201) of the inclined trough I of the water tank is a trapezoidal plate with a variable cross section. The longer side is connected to the bottom plate (101) of the storage tank, and the shorter side is connected to the bottom plate (301) of the inclined trough II.

3. The visual test method for simulating debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the bottom plate of the storage tank (101), the bottom plate of inclined tank I (201), the bottom plate of inclined tank II (301) and the bottom plate of waste recycling tank (601) are connected in sequence by hinges.

4. The visualization test method for simulating debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the angle between the bottom plate (301) of the inclined trough II and the bottom plate (601) of the waste recycling trough is changed by adjusting the height of the hydraulic lifting support (303) to achieve different slope gradients.

5. The visualization test method for simulating debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3), the adjustment bracket includes a limiting pivot (302) and a laser emitter bracket (401); one end of the laser emitter bracket (401) is installed at the connection position between the bottom plate (201) of inclined groove I and the bottom plate (301) of inclined groove II through the limiting pivot (302), and the other end is connected to the adjustment laser emitter (402); The position of the laser emitter (402) can be adjusted by the limiting pivot (302).

6. The visualization test method for simulating debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6), the pier base placement groove (501) is provided with a groove I for installing the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device (502) and a groove II for installing the force sensor bracket (505); The position of slot II is closer to the bottom plate (601) of the waste recycling tank than the position of slot I. The shapes of slot I and slot II are adapted to the bottom contour shapes of the pier cross-section shape conversion device (502) and the force sensor bracket (505), respectively; a connecting hole is opened between slot I and slot II for the lead-out of the force sensor wire.

7. The visualization test method for simulating debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6), both the pier cross-section shape conversion device (502) and the pier cap (504) are provided with grooves II for the pier body (503) to be inserted; the shape of the grooves II is adapted to the outline shape of the pier body (503).

8. The visualization test method for simulating debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 8), a groove I is provided on the side of the bottom plate (101) of the storage tank near the bottom plate (201) of the inclined groove I, and the baffle (103) is inserted into the groove I.

9. The visualization test method for simulating debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the experiment is completed, the debris flow material in the water tank needs to be recovered.

10. The visualization test method for simulating debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water tank, the pier base placement slot (501), the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device (502), the pier body (503), the pier cap (504), and the force sensor bracket (505) are all made of acrylic material.

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