A fire test apparatus and method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of fireproof test equipment, and provides a fireproof test device and method, wherein the device comprises a base, a fixing tool, a static loading mechanism and a plurality of hydraulic modules; one end of the fixing tool is fixedly connected with the base, and a gear box cantilever is mounted on the surface of the fixing tool; an installation joint is arranged on the surface of the gear box cantilever; the inner surface of the static loading mechanism is provided with the hydraulic modules; and a channel is reserved on the static loading mechanism for the burner to pass through. The application adopts a special assembly structure of the base, the fixing tool and the gear box cantilever, the fixing tool is fixedly connected with the base, the gear box cantilever is directly mounted on the fixing tool, and the cantilever type mounting form of the gear box is completely matched, thereby replacing the existing horizontal clamping design; the structure of the application can adapt to different layouts of the installation joint on the top or both sides of the gear box cantilever, the installation joint can be positioned and stably clamped without adjusting the main body structure, and the deviation between the test scene and the actual installation scene is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of fire resistance testing equipment, and specifically relates to a fire resistance testing device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most aircraft auxiliary power units (APUs) are installed in fire zones, with gearbox cantilevered onto the APU. APU mounting sections are typically integrated into the sides or top of the gearbox casing, and these mounting sections must withstand specified flight loads during flight. Due to weight considerations, gearbox casings are usually made of aluminum alloy; therefore, the fire resistance of the mounting sections cannot be demonstrated solely through materials. Fire resistance testing is required to prove the fire resistance of the mounting sections.

[0003] To meet the performance testing requirements of aerospace components, some performance testing devices for mounting sections have emerged in related technical fields. For example, invention patent CN119509943A discloses a performance testing device and method for an aero-engine mounting section. This device includes a static loading device, a test piece clamping device, and a combustion device. The static loading device is used to apply static force to the mounting section, the test piece clamping device is used to clamp the mounting section, and the combustion device is used to subject the mounting section to flame impact. The mounting section is horizontally mounted on a telescopic rod on a loading mechanism via clamping devices on both sides. Bases are installed on the left and right sides below the loading mechanism, and a support frame and slide rail are installed on top. Drive units are installed on both sides of the support frame, and the drive units are connected to the telescopic rod to apply the load.

[0004] However, for the special structure and operating conditions of the cantilever-mounted APU gearbox mounting section, the existing technology still has the following technical problems that urgently need to be solved: 1) The existing test device's specimen clamping structure is mostly a horizontal clamping design, which cannot match the cantilevered installation form of the APU gearbox. Furthermore, it does not take into account the different layouts of the mounting section, which may be located on the top or sides of the gearbox. This makes it difficult to accurately position and stably clamp the mounting section in different positions, resulting in a large deviation between the test scenario and the actual installation scenario. 2) The APU gearbox mounting section bears a composite flight load in three-dimensional space during actual operation. However, the static loading mechanism of the existing device is mostly a single-sided or bi-directional loading design, which cannot truly reproduce the stress state of the mounting section.

[0005] 3) Existing technologies require adjusting the load application angle and measuring the tensile force in three-dimensional space, as well as adjusting the load application point to the theoretical center of mass position. The adjustment procedure is relatively complex and requires high control precision. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems in the background art, the present invention proposes a fire resistance testing device and method.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This application provides a fire resistance testing device, including a base, a fixed fixture, a static loading mechanism, and several hydraulic modules; One end of the fixed fixture is fixedly connected to the base, and a gearbox cantilever is mounted on its surface; the surface of the gearbox cantilever is provided with an installation section; A hydraulic module is installed on the inner surface of the static loading mechanism. The hydraulic module is used to apply load to the mounting section, and the node formed by the convergence of the hydraulic pressure output by all the hydraulic modules coincides with the mounting section. The static loading mechanism has a pre-reserved channel for the burner to pass through, which is used for the burner to conduct combustion tests on the installation section.

[0008] Furthermore, the fixed fixture is a bent pipe structure, with one end connected to the base by bolts, and the circumferential surface of the bent pipe structure is provided with a mounting surface for assembling the gearbox cantilever.

[0009] Furthermore, the mounting surface is located at the end of the fixing fixture away from the base.

[0010] Furthermore, the static loading mechanism includes a U-shaped frame, support beams, and lifting slide rails; The U-shaped frame includes two vertical beams and a horizontal beam connected to the top of the vertical beams. The open end of the horizontal beam faces the base, and the bottom of both vertical beams is slidably equipped with lifting rails. The end of the lifting slide rail away from the vertical beam is connected to the base, and the support beam is erected between the two vertical beams of the U-shaped frame; The U-shaped frame has the freedom to slide along the lifting rail, which is used to adjust the horizontal height.

[0011] Furthermore, the passage for the burner is located below the support beam.

[0012] Furthermore, four hydraulic modules are provided; Along the X-axis, two hydraulic modules are positioned opposite each other and are respectively installed on the surfaces of the two vertical beams of the U-shaped frame. The midpoint between the two hydraulic modules is the node position. Along the Y-axis, a hydraulic module is mounted on the surface of the support beam, and the force applied by the hydraulic module in the Y-axis direction is towards the node position; Along the Z-axis, a hydraulic module is installed on the surface of the crossbeam at the top of the U-shaped frame, and the force applied by the hydraulic module in the Z-axis direction is towards the node position.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes auxiliary ropes; An auxiliary rope is wound around the surface of the fixed fixture and fixedly connected to the base to tighten the fixed fixture.

[0014] Furthermore, the mounting section is located on the top or side surfaces of the gearbox cantilever.

[0015] This application also provides a fire resistance testing method, performed using the aforementioned fire resistance testing apparatus, comprising the following steps: The gearbox cantilever is mounted on the surface of the fixed tooling. Configure the corresponding fire resistance testing device based on the location of the installation section; Adjust the node position of the hydraulic module until the node position coincides with the mounting section, and apply load to the mounting section through the hydraulic module; The burner passes through the pre-reserved channel on the static loading mechanism to burn fuel on the mounting section of the gearbox cantilever.

[0016] Furthermore, based on the location of the installation section, a corresponding fire resistance testing device is configured, including the following steps: If an installation section is located at the top of the gearbox cantilever, a fire test device shall be installed directly in front of the gearbox cantilever. If the two mounting sections are located on the two sides of the gearbox cantilever, a fire test device shall be installed on each side of the gearbox cantilever.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention adopts a dedicated assembly structure of base, fixed fixture and gearbox cantilever. The fixed fixture is fixedly connected to the base, and the gearbox cantilever is directly installed on the fixed fixture, which perfectly matches the cantilever installation form of the gearbox and replaces the existing horizontal clamping design. 2. The structure of the present invention can be adapted to different layouts of the mounting section on the top or sides of the gearbox cantilever. The mounting section can be positioned and stably clamped without adjusting the main structure, which greatly reduces the deviation between the test scenario and the actual installation scenario. 3. This invention mounts multiple hydraulic modules on a static loading mechanism. The hydraulic pressure convergence point of all hydraulic modules coincides with the mounting section. Four hydraulic modules are arranged along the X, Y, and Z axes respectively; two are positioned opposite each other along the X-axis, and one each along the Y and Z axes, with the force direction pointing towards the node. This achieves three-dimensional multi-dimensional synchronous loading, simulating the load borne by the mounting section. Combined with the height adjustment function of the static loading mechanism, it ensures that the convergence point of the loading forces coincides with the actual force center of the mounting section, realistically reproducing the stress state. Furthermore, this process allows the four hydraulic modules to move with the U-shaped frame, enabling the node position to quickly coincide with the mounting section without complex adjustment procedures, resulting in high precision.

[0018] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description and the drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1a A top view of a fire-resistant testing apparatus of the present invention is shown, arranged on both sides of a gearbox cantilever. Figure 1b It shows Figure 1a Cross-sectional view along the line connecting the two mounting sections; Figure 2a A front view of the statically loaded structure is shown; Figure 2b It shows Figure 2a A sectional view taken along the centerline; Figure 3a A front view of a fire-resistant testing apparatus of the present invention is shown, positioned directly in front of a gearbox cantilever. Figure 3b It shows Figure 3a Top view; Figure 4 A flowchart of a fire resistance test method is shown.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Fixture; 3. Gearbox cantilever; 4. Static loading mechanism; 401. U-shaped frame; 402. Support beam; 403. Lifting slide rail; 5. Hydraulic module; 6. Installation section; 7. Auxiliary rope. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1a As shown, a fire-resistant testing device is a core component consisting of a base 1, a fixed fixture 2, a static loading mechanism 4, several hydraulic modules 5, and an auxiliary rope 7. The fixed fixture 2 is equipped with a gearbox cantilever 3, and an installation section 6 is provided on the gearbox cantilever 3. The static loading mechanism 4 has a reserved channel for the burner to pass through.

[0024] It should be noted that in actual testing, this fire resistance testing device can flexibly choose whether to assemble a complete gearbox according to specific testing needs, and the assembly method has strong adaptability. In the embodiment corresponding to Figure 1, the complete gearbox is not installed; only the gearbox cantilever 3 is assembled. This assembly method can effectively reduce the load borne by the fixed fixture 2, fundamentally avoiding the problem of deformation of the fixed fixture 2 due to excessive load, and ensuring the stability of the fixture structure and the structural safety during the test. At the same time, omitting the assembly steps of the complete gearbox can simplify the overall assembly process of the test, reduce related debugging steps, and thus effectively reduce the overall difficulty of the test operation, improving the convenience and efficiency of the test.

[0025] For example, such as Figure 1b As shown, base 1 serves as the supporting foundation for the entire device, and is the mounting carrier for the fixed tooling 2 and the static loading mechanism 4. Furthermore, in conjunction with... Figure 1a and Figure 1b As can be seen, the fixed fixture 2 adopts a bent tube structure design, with one end fixedly connected to the base 1 by bolts. Its circumferential surface is provided with a mounting surface for assembling the gearbox cantilever 3, and this mounting surface is located at the end of the fixed fixture 2 away from the base 1, ensuring that the gearbox cantilever 3 can form a stable cantilever structure after assembly, conforming to the actual installation scenario. To further improve the structural strength and stability of the fixed fixture 2 and avoid deformation due to stress or combustion during the test, the device is also equipped with an auxiliary rope 7. The auxiliary rope 7 is wound around the surface of the fixed fixture 2 and fixedly connected to the base 1, providing auxiliary support to the fixed fixture 2 through tension.

[0026] It should be noted that the gearbox cantilever 3 is mounted on the mounting surface of the fixed fixture 2, and the mounting section 6 is located on the top or side surfaces of the gearbox cantilever 3. The specific installation position can be determined according to actual test requirements, providing adaptability for fire resistance tests of the mounting section 6 in different positions. For example, in Figure 1a and Figure 1b In the middle, the mounting section 6 is set on both sides of the gearbox cantilever 3; while... Figure 3a and Figure 3b In the middle, the mounting section 6 is installed on top of the gearbox cantilever 3.

[0027] For example, such as Figure 2aAs shown, the static loading mechanism 4 includes a U-shaped frame 401, a support beam 402, and a lifting rail 403. The U-shaped frame 401 consists of two vertical beams and a horizontal beam connected to the top of the vertical beams, with its open end facing the base 1. Lifting rails 403 are slidably mounted on the bottom of both vertical beams, with the end of the lifting rail 403 away from the vertical beam connected to the base 1. The support beam 402 is erected between the two vertical beams of the U-shaped frame 401. The U-shaped frame 401 has the freedom to slide along the lifting rail 403, allowing for horizontal height adjustment to accommodate test requirements of different installation sections 6. The passage for the burner is located below the support beam 402, ensuring that the burner can be moved directly from the flame calibration position to the installation section 6 for combustion testing.

[0028] Furthermore, combined Figure 2a and 2b It can be seen that four hydraulic modules 5 are set up, arranged along the X, Y, and Z axes respectively, and the node position formed by the convergence of the hydraulic pressure output of all hydraulic modules 5 coincides with the mounting section 6, which is used to apply multi-dimensional and precise loads to the mounting section 6. The specific arrangement is as follows: along the X-axis, two hydraulic modules 5 are set opposite each other and installed on the surfaces of the two vertical beams of the U-shaped frame 401 respectively, and the midpoint between the two hydraulic modules 5 is the node position; along the Y-axis, one hydraulic module 5 is installed on the surface of the support beam 402, and its force direction is towards the node position; along the Z-axis, one hydraulic module 5 is installed on the surface of the top crossbeam of the U-shaped frame 401, and its force direction is also towards the node position.

[0029] During operation, the gearbox cantilever 3 is first stably fixed to the base 1 using the fixing fixture 2. The auxiliary rope 7 tightens the fixing fixture 2 to further enhance the fixing effect and prevent displacement or shaking of the gearbox cantilever 3 during the test. Then, based on the actual position of the mounting section 6, the horizontal height of the U-shaped frame 401 is adjusted using the lifting slide rail 403 to ensure that the static loading mechanism 4 accurately corresponds to the area where the mounting section 6 is located. Four hydraulic modules 5 are rationally arranged along the X, Y, and Z axes. By adjusting the installation position and force direction of each hydraulic module 5, the intersection point of their output hydraulic forces is made to completely coincide with the mounting section 6, thereby achieving precise load application to the mounting section 6 in three-dimensional space and simulating the complex stress state experienced by the mounting section 6 during actual APU operation.

[0030] After the load is applied, the burner is inserted through the pre-reserved channel under the support beam 402 to the corresponding position of the mounting section 6, and a combustion test is conducted on the mounting section 6 using the burner. Since the channel position corresponds to the mounting section 6, and the height of the static loading mechanism 4 can be flexibly adjusted, it can be ensured that the combustion flame acts precisely on the mounting section 6. At the same time, under continuous load, the working environment of the mounting section 6 under stress conditions and encountering a fire is realistically reproduced, providing reliable test conditions for fire resistance performance testing.

[0031] It should be noted that the mounting section 6 at the hot end of the APU can be made of high-temperature alloy materials, while only the mounting section 6 at the cold end is considered to use alloys with lower melting points such as magnesium, aluminum, and titanium. The high-temperature alloy mounting section 6 itself has fire resistance and therefore does not require fire resistance testing; only the mounting section 6 made of lower-melting-point alloys such as magnesium, aluminum, and titanium needs to undergo fire resistance testing to demonstrate its fire resistance. However, fire resistance testing for the lower-melting-point alloy mounting section 6 can be completed for the component itself, and does not require fire resistance testing of the entire APU. like Figure 4 As shown, based on the above-mentioned fire resistance testing device, the present invention also provides a corresponding fire resistance testing method, which specifically includes the following steps: S1: Assemble the gearbox cantilever 3 onto the surface of the fixed fixture 2. Specifically, install it on the mounting surface at one end of the fixed fixture 2, ensuring a firm assembly without any looseness.

[0032] S2: Configure the corresponding fire resistance testing device based on the position of the mounting section 6. Specifically, if one mounting section 6 is located at the top of the gearbox cantilever 3, a fire resistance testing device is set in front of the gearbox cantilever 3; if two mounting sections 6 are located on the two side surfaces of the gearbox cantilever 3 respectively, a fire resistance testing device is set on each side of the gearbox cantilever 3 to ensure that each mounting section 6 can be accurately tested.

[0033] S3: Adjust the node position of hydraulic module 5 until the node position coincides with the mounting section 6, and apply a load to the mounting section 6 through hydraulic module 5. Specifically, by adjusting the position and force parameters of each hydraulic module 5, the node position of the four hydraulic modules 5 outputting hydraulic force is made to completely coincide with the mounting section 6. Then, start hydraulic module 5 to apply a preset load to mounting section 6 to simulate its actual working force.

[0034] S4: Pass the burner through the pre-reserved channel on the static loading mechanism 4 to burn the mounting section 6 of the gearbox cantilever 3.

[0035] After the test was completed, the performance changes of section 6 under load and combustion were analyzed based on the monitored data.

[0036] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fire resistance testing device, characterized in that, It includes a base (1), a fixed fixture (2), a static loading mechanism (4), and several hydraulic modules (5); One end of the fixed fixture (2) is fixedly connected to the base (1), and a gearbox cantilever (3) is mounted on its surface; the surface of the gearbox cantilever (3) is provided with an installation section (6). The hydraulic module (5) is installed on the inner surface of the static loading mechanism (4). The hydraulic module (5) is used to apply load to the mounting section (6), and the junction formed by the convergence of the hydraulic pressure output by all the hydraulic modules (5) coincides with the mounting section (6). The static loading mechanism (4) has a reserved channel for the burner to pass through, which is used for the burner to carry out a combustion test on the installation section (6).

2. The fire resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed fixture (2) is a bent pipe structure, one end of which is connected to the base (1) by bolts, and the circumferential surface of the bent pipe structure is provided with an mounting surface for assembling the gearbox cantilever (3).

3. The fire resistance testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mounting surface is located at the end of the fixing fixture (2) away from the base (1).

4. The fire resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The static loading mechanism (4) includes a U-shaped frame (401), a support beam (402), and a lifting slide rail (403). The U-shaped frame (401) includes two vertical beams and a horizontal beam connected to the top of the vertical beams. Its open end faces the base (1), and the bottom of both vertical beams is slidably installed with the lifting slide rail (403). The lifting slide rail (403) is connected to the base (1) at the end away from the vertical beam, and the support beam (402) is erected between the two vertical beams of the U-shaped frame (401); The U-shaped frame (401) has the degree of freedom to slide along the lifting rail (403) to achieve horizontal height adjustment.

5. The fire resistance testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The passage for the burner is located below the support beam (402).

6. The fire resistance testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hydraulic module (5) is provided in four parts; Along the X-axis, the two hydraulic modules (5) are arranged opposite to each other and are respectively installed on the surfaces of the two vertical beams of the U-shaped frame (401). The midpoint between the two hydraulic modules (5) is the node position. Along the Y-axis, one of the hydraulic modules (5) is mounted on the surface of the support beam (402), and the force application direction of the hydraulic module (5) in the Y-axis direction is toward the node position; Along the Z-axis direction, one of the hydraulic modules (5) is mounted on the surface of the crossbeam at the top of the U-shaped frame (401), and the force applied by the hydraulic module (5) in the Z-axis direction is toward the node position.

7. The fire resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an auxiliary rope (7); The auxiliary rope (7) is wound around the surface of the fixed fixture (2) and is fixedly connected to the base (1) for tightening the fixed fixture (2).

8. The fire resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting section (6) is located on the top surface or both sides of the gearbox cantilever (3).

9. A fire resistance testing method, performed using a fire resistance testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The gearbox cantilever (3) is assembled onto the surface of the fixed fixture (2); The corresponding fire test device is configured based on the location of the installation section (6); Adjust the node position of the hydraulic module (5) until the node position coincides with the mounting section (6), and apply a load to the mounting section (6) through the hydraulic module (5); The burner passes through the pre-reserved channel on the static loading mechanism (4) to burn the mounting section (6) of the gearbox cantilever (3).

10. A fire resistance testing method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Based on the location of the installation section (6), the corresponding fire resistance testing device is configured, including the following steps: If one of the mounting sections (6) is located at the top of the gearbox cantilever (3), then a fire test device is set directly in front of the gearbox cantilever (3); If the two mounting sections (6) are located on the two sides of the gearbox cantilever (3), then a fireproof test device is provided on each side of the gearbox cantilever (3).

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