A sampling device for geological exploration

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of geological exploration, specifically to a sampling device for geological exploration. The device includes a base and a tilting frame hinged to the end of the base via a cylinder. A lifting device is located in the middle of the tilting frame. A drill is mounted at the upper end of the output end of the lifting device, and a chuck is located at the lower end. A drill rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the drill rod, and a conical drill bit is fixedly connected to the lower end of the drill rod. The conical drill bit has a stepped ring along its axis and two spiral grooves symmetrically arranged around its circumference, penetrating the stepped ring. A sampling cylinder is coaxially mounted on the drill rod. A pushing mechanism for moving the sampling cylinder is located at the upper end of the chuck. An air pressure balancing mechanism connected to the drill rod is located inside the sampling cylinder. This device uses the conical drill bit to first form a disturbance isolation layer, which, in conjunction with the air pressure balancing mechanism, achieves sealing during sampling and ventilation during sample removal. This effectively avoids the effects of high-pressure air masses and negative pressure adsorption, solving the problems of existing sampling devices where high-pressure air masses damage soil samples during insertion, negative pressure adsorption causes soil contamination during removal, and the ventilation holes are easily blocked, preventing reliable ventilation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological exploration, and more specifically to a sampling device for geological exploration. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional geological exploration undisturbed soil sampling often employs a combination of auger drill bits and sampling tubes. The structural parameters, such as the helix angle, depth, and width of the cuttings flue, are typically optimized based on the typical characteristics of the target strata to achieve better drilling efficiency. However, this technology relies on the core working mechanism of rotary cutting and auger lifting for soil removal, which means it cannot fundamentally avoid disturbing the undisturbed soil. During drill bit rotation, continuous shearing, mixing, and lifting effects occur on the soil surrounding the borehole, leading to cross-mixing of soil layers at different depths. To completely eliminate soil mixing and disturbance caused by rotary cutting and obtain high-quality undisturbed soil samples that truly reflect the original properties of the strata, the industry has gradually adopted static pressure direct insertion sampling technology. This technology eliminates the rotational action and relies on axial static pressure to uniformly press the sampling tube into the target strata for sampling.

[0003] When a static pressure sampling tube is quickly inserted into the soil layer, it requires negative pressure to assist sampling. The air trapped inside the tube cannot be discharged through the soil sample in time, which will form a high-pressure air mass inside the tube. The high-pressure air mass of a traditional static pressure soil sampler can only be discharged downward through the soil sample pores, which will inevitably cause shearing and compression of the soil sample. That is, the high-pressure air mass acts on the top surface of the undisturbed soil sample. For soil samples such as loose sand and soft clay, the high-pressure air mass will directly tear apart the stratification structure of the top layer of the soil sample and destroy the porosity, thus affecting the sampling structure. Although existing sampling tubes incorporate vents to reduce the generation of high-pressure air masses, these vents can only be located at the bottom of the tube to eliminate the high-pressure air masses acting on the undisturbed soil sample. Vents at the top are too far from the sample to effectively eliminate the high-pressure air masses. These vents become blocked as the tube is continuously inserted into the soil sample. Corresponding to the air compression effect is the negative pressure adsorption effect when the tube is withdrawn. When the tube is pulled out of the soil layer, a strong negative pressure is generated inside, drawing upwards the undisturbed soil below the bottom and simultaneously drawing in mixed soil from the outside, contaminating the bottom of the sample. For thin interlayers requiring precise analysis of soil distribution, this negative pressure effect renders the entire sample ineffective. Reducing air compression requires lowering the insertion speed, but slow insertion increases the risk of borehole collapse. Reducing negative pressure necessitates ventilation during withdrawal, but the aforementioned vents are blocked by soil during insertion, rendering them unreliable.

[0004] The high-pressure air mass generated during insertion and the negative pressure adsorption present during extraction limit the accuracy of geological exploration sampling and cannot effectively address the problem of mixed soil layers during geological exploration. Therefore, it is necessary to design a sampling device for geological exploration to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a sampling device for geological exploration to address the problems of existing technologies.

[0006] To solve the problems of the prior art, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A sampling device for geological exploration includes a base and a tilting frame hinged to the end of the base by a cylinder, and further includes:

[0008] A lifting device is installed in the middle of the tilting frame. A drilling machine is installed at the upper end of the output end of the lifting device, and a chuck is installed at the lower end. The output end of the drilling machine is set downward and fixed to a drill rod. A conical drill bit is fixed to the lower end of the drill rod.

[0009] The conical drill bit has stepped rings spaced at equal intervals along the axial direction and two spiral grooves symmetrically opened along the circumference. The spiral grooves pass through the stepped rings in sequence. When the conical drill bit rotates, it disturbs and mixes the soil at the upper end of the sampling layer through the spiral grooves and stepped rings.

[0010] A sampling cylinder is coaxially mounted on the drill pipe, and a pushing mechanism is mounted on the upper end of the chuck to drive the sampling cylinder to move along the drill pipe axis.

[0011] The sampling tube is equipped with an air pressure balancing mechanism connected to the drill rod. The air pressure balancing mechanism keeps the inside of the sampling tube sealed when the sampling tube is inserted for sampling, and connects the inside of the sampling tube to the outside atmosphere when the sampling tube is pulled out for sampling.

[0012] Furthermore, the sampling tube includes a first tube, a main tube, and a tail tube, which are detachable from top to bottom.

[0013] The first cylinder is connected to the output end of the pushing mechanism, and the tail cylinder comes into contact with the soil during sampling. The sample taken is located inside the main cylinder.

[0014] Furthermore, the main tube includes two coaxially arranged mortise and tenon half tubes, and the side walls of the two mortise and tenon half tubes are respectively provided with mortise and tenon keys, which engage when the side walls of the two mortise and tenon half tubes abut each other.

[0015] The two mortise and tenon half cylinders are respectively provided with threaded parts at both ends. When the mortise and tenon keys of the two mortise and tenon half cylinders are connected, the two threaded parts form a complete thread. After the two mortise and tenon half cylinders are connected, one end is threadedly connected to the first cylinder and the other end is threadedly connected to the tail cylinder.

[0016] Furthermore, a ring-shaped cutting edge is provided at the lower end of the tail tube along the circumferential direction.

[0017] Furthermore, a key core is fixedly connected to the middle of the drill pipe, and a key seal is fixedly connected to the upper end of the head barrel along the same axis. The key seal is key-connected to the key core.

[0018] The key seal is coaxially rotatably sleeved with a retaining seal, which is fixedly connected to the output end of the pushing mechanism.

[0019] Furthermore, the first tube has vent holes at equal angles along the circumference.

[0020] Furthermore, a drill disc, which is fixed to the drill rod, is coaxially arranged on the upper part of the conical drill bit. Two exhaust ports are arranged at equal angles along the circumference of the drill disc, and the two exhaust ports correspond to two spiral grooves respectively.

[0021] Two exhaust ports are respectively coaxially provided with bolt sleeves that are fixed to the drill plate. The two bolt sleeves are respectively coaxially dynamically sealed with air-blocking bolts. An air-blocking bolt has an air cavity inside. The upper end of the air cavity is through and the lower end has air-blocking holes arranged in an equal angle along the circumferential direction.

[0022] A bolt section is coaxially arranged above the drill bit and connected to the drill pipe key. The bolt section is fixedly connected to two air-blocking bolts. Each air-blocking bolt is fitted with a spring. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the bolt sleeve, and the other end is fixedly connected to the bolt section.

[0023] When the head barrel moves to its limit position relative to the drill pipe, the top of the head barrel pushes the bolt section downward to connect the air-blocking hole and the exhaust port.

[0024] Furthermore, a dust-proof ring is fitted around the circumference of the drill bit. When the sampling cylinder moves, the dust-proof ring is slidably connected to the tail cylinder, the tenon half cylinder and the head cylinder in sequence.

[0025] Furthermore, a dust plug is coaxially fixed to the lower end of the air choke, and the dust plug is slidably connected to the inner wall of the exhaust port.

[0026] Furthermore, the pushing mechanism includes two symmetrically arranged flat plates on the upper part of the card table. The lower end of the flat plate is fixedly connected to the card table, and the upper end is fixedly connected to the output end of the lifting device. Motors are respectively arranged on the side of the two flat plates that are far apart. The output end of each motor is connected to the main gear through a reducer.

[0027] The lower end of the chuck is rotatably equipped with a bidirectional gear ring. The outer ring of the bidirectional gear ring meshes with two main gears, and the inner ring meshes with two auxiliary gears. The two auxiliary gears are respectively connected to screws through threaded sleeves. The lower end of the screws is fixedly connected to the chuck seal. Guide rods are respectively provided on the sides of the two screws. The guide rods are slidably connected to the flat plate and their lower ends are fixedly connected to the chuck seal. The screws and guide rods are the output ends of the pushing mechanism.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0029] This device overcomes the shortcomings of existing static pressure sampling techniques, such as generating high-pressure air masses during insertion and damaging the soil sample structure. It also avoids the soil layer mixing and disturbance problems associated with spiral sampling. Through the stepped ring and double spiral groove linkage design of the conical drill bit, a disturbance isolation layer is first formed. Combined with the precise triggering of the air pressure balancing mechanism, the high-pressure air mass acts on the buffer layer rather than the soil sample itself, preventing damage to the top layer structure of the soil sample and avoiding abnormal porosity. This eliminates the need to reduce the insertion speed, avoiding the problems of high-pressure air masses tearing apart the top layer structure and damaging the porosity, as well as preventing borehole wall collapse caused by slow insertion. Furthermore, the linkage design between the air pressure balancing mechanism and the sampling tube stroke maintains a sealed environment during sampling to ensure sample quality. During extraction, it automatically connects to the atmosphere to balance internal and external air pressure, eliminating the negative pressure adsorption effect and preventing the intake of mixed soil from the outside of the sampling tube to the bottom of the tube, thus preventing soil contamination. This device is suitable for sampling thin interlayers where precise analysis of soil layer distribution is required, preventing sample failure. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sampling cylinder and the conical drill bit in the embodiment;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a bottom view of the three-dimensional structure of the sampling cylinder and the conical drill bit in the embodiment;

[0033] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional half-sectional view of the sampling cylinder and the conical drill bit in the embodiment;

[0035] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure at point B in the middle;

[0036] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure at point C;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the tenon-and-mortise half-cylinder in the embodiment.

[0038] The numbers on the map are:

[0039] 1. Base; 2. Tilting frame; 3. Lifting device; 4. Clamping platform; 5. Drill rig; 6. Drill rod; 7. Key core; 8. Tapered drill bit; 9. Spiral groove; 10. Stepped ring; 11. Sampling cylinder; 12. First cylinder; 13. Key seal; 14. Vent hole; 15. Main cylinder; 16. Tenon and mortise half cylinder; 17. Tenon and mortise key; 18. Threaded part; 19. Tail cylinder; 20. Ring cutting edge; 21. Air pressure balance mechanism; 22. Drill disc; 23. Dust baffle ring; 24. Exhaust port; 25. Bolt sleeve; 26. Air choke; 27. Air chamber; 28. Air choke hole; 29. ​​Dust plug; 30. Clamping seal; 31. Bolt joint; 32. Pushing mechanism; 33. Flat plate; 34. Motor; 35. Main gear; 36. Double-direction gear ring; 37. Secondary gear; 38. Screw; 39. Guide rod. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0041] refer to Figures 1 to 8 A sampling device for geological exploration includes a base 1 and a tilting frame 2 hinged to the end of the base 1 by a cylinder, and further includes:

[0042] A lifting device 3 is provided in the middle of the tilting frame 2. A drilling machine 5 is provided at the upper end of the output end of the lifting device 3, and a chuck 4 is provided at the lower end. The output end of the drilling machine 5 is set downward and fixedly connected to a drill rod 6. A conical drill bit 8 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the drill rod 6.

[0043] The conical drill bit 8 has stepped rings 10 spaced at equal intervals along the axial direction, and two spiral grooves 9 are symmetrically opened along the circumferential direction. The spiral grooves 9 pass through the stepped rings 10 in sequence. When the conical drill bit 8 rotates, it disturbs and mixes the soil at the upper end of the sampling layer through the spiral grooves 9 and the stepped rings 10.

[0044] A sampling cylinder 11 is coaxially arranged on the drill pipe 6, and a pushing mechanism 32 is provided at the upper end of the chuck 4 to drive the sampling cylinder 11 to move along the axis of the drill pipe 6.

[0045] The sampling tube 11 is equipped with a pressure balancing mechanism 21 connected to the drill rod 6. The pressure balancing mechanism 21 keeps the inside of the sampling tube 11 sealed when the sampling tube 11 is inserted for sampling, and connects the inside of the sampling tube 11 with the outside atmosphere when the sampling tube 11 is pulled out for sampling.

[0046] Before operation, the device is fixed to the survey point by the base 1, and the cylinder-driven tilting frame 2 is adjusted to a vertical working posture to ensure sampling accuracy. Then, the lifting device 3 is activated, moving the drill rig 5, drill rod 6, and conical drill bit 8 downwards until the conical drill bit 8 contacts the ground. At this point, the pushing mechanism 32 is in its initial position, the sampling cylinder 11 is fitted onto the outside of the drill rod 6, and the lower end of the sampling cylinder 11 is flush with the upper end of the conical drill bit 8. The air pressure balance mechanism 21 is in a sealed, ready state. After the drill rig 5 is started, the drill rod 6 drives the conical drill bit 8 to rotate. The stepped ring 10 on the conical drill bit 8 performs staged cutting, reducing drilling resistance. The symmetrically arranged double spiral grooves 9 continuously transport the soil from the upper part of the sampling layer upwards and fully disturb and mix it, forming a completely disrupted disturbance isolation layer to isolate interference for subsequent sampling.

[0047] Once the conical drill bit 8 reaches the predetermined sampling depth, the drilling rig 5 stops operating, and the disturbed isolation layer is stably formed at the upper end of the sampling layer, effectively preventing cross-mixing of soil layers during subsequent sampling. At this time, the pushing mechanism 32 is activated, driving the sampling cylinder 11 to move downwards at a uniform speed along the axis of the drill rod 6, simultaneously triggering the air pressure balance mechanism 21 to maintain the internal seal of the sampling cylinder 11. The sampling cylinder 11, together with the stationary drill rod 6 and the conical drill bit 8, forms a sealed sampling chamber. As the sampling cylinder 11 continues to descend, due to the presence of the sealed sampling chamber, the high-pressure air mass will preferentially act on the buffer zone formed by the disturbed isolation layer, preventing the high-pressure air mass from directly impacting the undisturbed soil sample and causing damage to the top layer structure of the undisturbed soil sample, thus achieving sampling without compression or air mass disturbance.

[0048] When the sampling cylinder 11 descends to its limit position and completes the undisturbed soil sample collection, the air pressure balancing mechanism 21 automatically switches to a new state, connecting the inside of the sampling cylinder 11 with the outside atmosphere to pre-balance the internal and external air pressures, thus completely eliminating the negative pressure adsorption effect during sample extraction using existing technologies. Subsequently, the lifting device 3 lifts the entire device upwards, and the sampling cylinder 11 is smoothly extracted under air pressure balance, preventing the adsorption of mixed soil at the bottom or the tearing of the soil sample due to negative pressure. The disturbance isolation layer acts as a buffer layer to ensure the integrity of the soil sample. After the device is lifted to the ground, the pushing mechanism 32 resets, allowing the sampling cylinder 11 to be removed and the soil sample taken. The operator uses the disturbance isolation layer as a boundary to easily remove interfering parts, ensuring a high-quality undisturbed soil sample collection operation.

[0049] To further elaborate on the specific structure of the sampling cylinder 11, the following features are also provided:

[0050] like Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the sampling cylinder 11 includes a first cylinder 12, a main cylinder 15 and a tail cylinder 19, which are detachably arranged from top to bottom.

[0051] The first cylinder 12 is connected to the output end of the pushing mechanism 32 for transmission, and the tail cylinder 19 is in contact with the soil when sampling. The sample is located inside the main cylinder 15.

[0052] During sampling, the first cylinder 12 serves as the power transmission end, receiving the driving force of the pushing mechanism 32. The main cylinder 15 serves as the dedicated space for the soil sample, and the tail cylinder 19 serves as the front-end execution component that cuts into the soil layer. The three-section detachable structure allows for the replacement of the main cylinder 15 with the corresponding specifications according to different sampling length requirements. It also facilitates segmented disassembly after sampling, avoiding disturbance to the soil sample caused by overall disassembly.

[0053] To supplement the specific structure of the main cylinder 15 so that the operator can remove the sample from the sampling cylinder 11 without damage after sampling, the following features are also provided:

[0054] like Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, the main cylinder 15 includes two coaxially arranged tenon-and-mortise half cylinders 16. The side walls of the two tenon-and-mortise half cylinders 16 are respectively provided with tenon-and-mortise keys 17. When the side walls of the two tenon-and-mortise half cylinders 16 abut against each other, they are engaged by the tenon-and-mortise keys 17.

[0055] The two mortise and tenon half cylinders 16 are respectively provided with threaded parts 18 at both ends. When the mortise and tenon keys 17 of the two mortise and tenon half cylinders 16 are connected, the two threaded parts 18 form a complete thread. After the two mortise and tenon half cylinders 16 are connected, one end is threaded to the first cylinder 12 and the other end is threaded to the tail cylinder 19.

[0056] After sampling is completed, the operator only needs to unscrew the first cylinder 12 and the tail cylinder 19 to easily separate the two half cylinders along the tenon key 17 direction, fully exposing the internal soil sample. There is no need to use a pusher to force it out, avoiding damage to the soil sample's stratification structure, porosity and moisture content during the pushing process, achieving truly non-destructive sampling. The threaded connection also ensures the structural strength and sealing of the main cylinder 15 during the sampling process.

[0057] To facilitate better insertion of the tail tube 19 into the soil during sampling, the following features are specifically designed:

[0058] like Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, when the sampling tube 11 cuts into the soil layer, the sharp annular cutting surface formed by the ring blade 20 can quickly cut the soil, greatly reducing the insertion resistance. At the same time, the blade is designed to be thin, reducing the radial compression of the soil sample and ensuring that the original structure of the soil sample is not damaged when it enters the main tube 15.

[0059] To ensure that the sampling cylinder 11 rotates with the conical drill bit 8 when the conical drill bit 8 rotates, and that the sampling cylinder 11 can move linearly while the conical drill bit 8 remains stationary after the pushing mechanism 32 is activated, the following features are specifically provided:

[0060] like Figure 6As shown, a key core 7 is fixedly connected to the middle of the drill pipe 6, and a key seal 13 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the head barrel 12 along the same axis. The key seal 13 is keyed to the key core 7.

[0061] The key seal 13 is coaxially rotatably fitted with a retaining seal 30, which is fixedly connected to the output end of the pushing mechanism 32.

[0062] During the rotary drilling phase of the conical drill bit 8, the spline connection between the key core 7 and the key seal 13 allows the sampling cylinder 11 to rotate synchronously with the drill rod 6, avoiding relative friction and jamming between the sampling cylinder 11 and the conical drill bit 8. At this time, the ring cutting edge 20 pushes the soil formed by the conical drill bit 8 upward. After the conical drill bit 8 stops rotating during the sampling phase, the spline connection allows the sampling cylinder 11 to slide freely along the axis of the drill rod 6, realizing the complete independence of the drilling and sampling actions without interference. The rotational connection between the key seal 30 and the key seal 13 ensures that the linear power of the pushing mechanism 32 can be smoothly transmitted to the rotating sampling cylinder 11.

[0063] To facilitate the balance of air pressure inside the sampling cylinder 11, the following features are specifically designed:

[0064] like Figure 6 As shown, the first cylinder 12 has vent holes 14 at equal angles along the circumference. When the air pressure balance mechanism 21 is triggered, outside air can quickly enter the sampling cylinder 11 through the vent holes 14 of the first cylinder 12, forming a two-way ventilation channel with the exhaust port 24 on the drill plate 22, which greatly shortens the air pressure balance time, ensures that the internal and external air pressures are completely consistent before the sample is pulled out, and avoids residual negative pressure from affecting the soil sample.

[0065] To ensure that the vent hole 14 is connected to the sampling cylinder 11 after the sampling cylinder 11 is inserted to the limit position, the following features are specifically provided:

[0066] like Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, a drill disk 22 is coaxially arranged on the upper part of the conical drill bit 8 and fixedly connected to the drill rod 6. The drill disk 22 has two exhaust ports 24 arranged at equal angles along the circumferential direction. The two exhaust ports 24 correspond to the two spiral grooves 9 respectively.

[0067] Two exhaust ports 24 are respectively coaxially provided with bolt sleeves 25 that are fixed to the drill disk 22. Two bolt sleeves 25 are respectively coaxially dynamically sealed with air-blocking bolts 26. An air chamber 27 is opened inside the air-blocking bolt 26. The upper end of the air chamber 27 is through, and the lower end is provided with air-blocking holes 28 arranged at equal angles along the circumferential direction.

[0068] A bolt section 31 is coaxially arranged above the drill disk 22 and is keyed to the drill rod 6. The bolt section 31 is fixedly connected to two air-blocking bolts 26. Each air-blocking bolt 26 is fitted with a spring on its outside. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the bolt sleeve 25 and the other end is fixedly connected to the bolt section 31.

[0069] When the head tube 12 moves to its limit position relative to the drill rod 6, the top of the head tube 12 pushes the bolt joint 31 downward to connect the air blocking hole 28 with the exhaust port 24.

[0070] During the downward movement of the sampling cylinder 11, the spring pushes the bolt 31 to remain at its upper limit position, the air-blocking hole 28 of the air-blocking plug 26 is completely blocked by the inner wall of the plug sleeve 25, and the exhaust port 24 is in a closed state, ensuring the absolute sealing of the sampling chamber. When the sampling cylinder 11 reaches its limit position, the top of the first cylinder 12 pushes the bolt 31 to compress the spring and move it downward, causing the air-blocking plug 26 to move downward synchronously, so that the air-blocking hole 28 is connected to the exhaust port 24, realizing the automatic triggering of air pressure balance. After sampling is completed, the sampling cylinder 11 moves upward, the spring pushes the bolt 31 to automatically reset, and the exhaust port 24 is closed again, preparing for the next sampling.

[0071] like Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, to prevent small soil particles from passing through the gap between the drill bit 22 and the sampling tube 11, the dust baffle 23 is dynamically and slidably connected to the tail tube 19, the tenon half tube 16, and the head tube 12 in sequence as the sampling tube 11 moves. Throughout the operation, the dust baffle 23 maintains a tight dynamic seal with the inner wall of the sampling tube 11, effectively preventing soil particles, mud, and drill cuttings from entering the gap between the drill bit 22 and the sampling tube 11, preventing wear and jamming of the sealing surface, and ensuring smooth sliding and long-term reliable sealing performance of the sampling tube 11.

[0072] To ensure that there is no mud inside the exhaust port 24 when the air-blocking hole 28 is connected to the exhaust port 24, the following features are specifically provided:

[0073] like Figure 7 As shown, a dust plug 29 is coaxially fixed to the lower end of the air choke 26, and the dust plug 29 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the exhaust port 24. During the drilling process of the conical drill bit 8 and the downward movement of the sampling tube 11, the dust plug 29 remains tightly sealed at the lower end of the exhaust port 24 to prevent soil and drill cuttings from entering the exhaust port 24 and causing blockage. When the air choke 26 moves down to allow air to pass through, the dust plug 29 moves down accordingly to push out any small amount of soil that may have accumulated in the exhaust port 24, ensuring that the air passage is unobstructed.

[0074] To supplement the detailed structure of the pushing mechanism 32, the following features are also provided:

[0075] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the pushing mechanism 32 includes two flat plates 33 symmetrically arranged on the upper end of the card table 4. The lower end of the flat plate 33 is fixedly connected to the card table 4, and the upper end is fixedly connected to the output end of the lifting device 3. Motors 34 are respectively arranged on the side of the two flat plates 33 that are far apart. The output end of each motor 34 is connected to the main gear 35 through a reducer.

[0076] The lower end of the clamping platform 4 is rotatably equipped with a bidirectional gear ring 36. The outer ring of the bidirectional gear ring 36 meshes with two main gears 35, and the inner ring meshes with two auxiliary gears 37. The two auxiliary gears 37 are respectively connected to screws 38 through threaded sleeves. The lower end of the screws 38 is fixedly connected to the retaining seal 30. Guide rods 39 are respectively provided on the sides of the two screws 38. The guide rods 39 are slidably connected to the flat plate 33 and their lower ends are fixedly connected to the retaining seal 30. The screws 38 and guide rods 39 are the output ends of the pushing mechanism 32.

[0077] When the sampling cylinder 11 moves, two symmetrically arranged motors 34 operate synchronously, driving the main gear 35 to rotate through the reducer. The main gear 35 drives the bidirectional gear ring 36 to rotate, and the bidirectional gear ring 36 simultaneously drives the two auxiliary gears 37 to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the two screws 38 to rise and fall synchronously along the guide rod 39. The guide rod 39 restricts the rotation of the sampling cylinder 11, ensuring that it moves only along the axial direction. The symmetrical transmission structure makes the sampling cylinder 11 subjected to uniform force, avoiding jamming and tilting caused by uneven load, and ensuring that the sampling cylinder 11 cuts into the soil layer at a uniform speed and smoothly.

[0078] The detailed working principle of this device is as follows:

[0079] Before operation, the device is fixed to the exploration point by the base 1, and the cylinder drives the tilting frame 2 to adjust to a vertical working posture to ensure the verticality of the sampling. At this time, the pushing mechanism 32 is in the initial position. The sampling cylinder 11, which consists of the head cylinder 12, the main cylinder 15 spliced ​​with tenons and mortises, and the tail cylinder 19 with a ring cutting edge 20, is sleeved on the outside of the drill rod 6, with its lower end flush with the upper end of the conical drill bit 8. The key core 7 in the middle of the drill rod 6 is splined to the key seal 13 at the upper end of the head cylinder 12. The locking seal 30 is sleeved on the outside of the key seal 13 and fixed to the lower end of the screw 38 of the pushing mechanism 32. The spring of the air pressure balance mechanism 21 pushes the bolt joint 31 to stay in the upper limit position. The air-blocking bolt 26 blocks the exhaust port 24 of the drill disk 22, and the sampling chamber is in a sealed preparatory state.

[0080] After the drilling rig 5 starts, the drive drill rod 6 drives the conical drill bit 8 and the sampling cylinder 11 to rotate synchronously. The stepped ring 10 on the conical drill bit 8 achieves staged cutting, significantly reducing the drilling resistance of hard soil layers and gravelly soil layers. The symmetrically arranged double helical grooves 9 continuously transport the soil from the upper end of the sampling layer upwards and fully disturb and mix it, forming a disturbed isolation layer with a completely destroyed structure above the top surface of the large end of the conical drill bit 8. The dust baffle ring 23 on the drill plate 22 always maintains dynamic sealing contact with the inner wall of the sampling cylinder 11 to prevent soil particles from entering the sealing gap. When the conical drill bit 8 reaches the predetermined sampling depth, the drilling rig 5 immediately stops operating. At this time, the target undisturbed soil layer below the conical drill bit 8 is not disturbed by any drilling, creating ideal conditions for subsequent non-destructive sampling.

[0081] The pushing mechanism 32 is then activated, and the two motors 34 synchronously drive the main gear 35 to rotate. Through the bidirectional gear ring 36, the two auxiliary gears 37 and the screw 38 move downward synchronously, thereby driving the sampling cylinder 11 to slide downward at a constant speed along the axis of the drill rod 6. The sampling cylinder 11, together with the stationary drill rod 6 and the conical drill bit 8, forms a sealed sampling chamber. As the sampling cylinder 11 descends, the increased volume of the chamber generates a high-pressure air mass that directly acts on the disturbance isolation layer at the top. This layer acts as a flexible buffer, evenly dispersing the pressure and preventing the high-pressure air mass from rigidly impacting the undisturbed soil sample. The annular cutting edge 20 at the lower end of the tail cylinder 19 smoothly cuts into the undisturbed soil layer below, and the soil sample is smoothly drawn into the main cylinder 15, achieving low-disturbance sampling without compression or torsion.

[0082] When the sampling cylinder 11 descends to its limit position, the top of the push joint 31 inside the first cylinder 12 compresses the spring and moves downward, causing the air-blocking plug 26 to move downward simultaneously. This connects the air-blocking hole 28 of the air-blocking plug 26 with the exhaust port 24 of the drill plate 22, while the vent hole 14 of the first cylinder 12 connects to the outside atmosphere, instantly balancing the air pressure inside and outside the sampling chamber and completely eliminating the negative pressure adsorption effect during sample extraction. The dust plug 29 at the lower end of the air-blocking plug 26 moves downward, pushing out the soil in the exhaust port 24 to ensure smooth ventilation. Subsequently, the lifting device 3 lifts the entire device upward, and the sampling cylinder 11 is smoothly pulled out under balanced air pressure. The disturbance isolation layer expands slightly due to its own weight and adheres to the cylinder wall, forming a flexible anti-backflow structure to prevent the soil sample from slipping. After the device is lifted to the ground, the first cylinder 12 and the tail cylinder 19 are unscrewed, and the two tenon-and-mortise half-cylinders 16 can be separated to completely extract the soil sample. The disturbing isolation layer is used as the boundary to remove the interfering part, obtaining a high-quality undisturbed soil sample, thus completing one sampling operation.

[0083] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A sampling device for geological exploration, comprising a base (1) and a tilting frame (2) hinged to the end of the base (1) by a cylinder, characterized in that, Also includes: The tilting frame (2) is equipped with a lifting device (3) in the middle. The upper end of the output end of the lifting device (3) is equipped with a drill (5) and the lower end is equipped with a chuck (4). The output end of the drill (5) is set downward and fixed with a drill rod (6). The lower end of the drill rod (6) is fixed with a conical drill bit (8). The conical drill bit (8) has stepped rings (10) spaced at equal intervals along the axial direction, and two spiral grooves (9) are symmetrically opened along the circumferential direction. The spiral grooves (9) pass through the stepped rings (10) in sequence. When the conical drill bit (8) rotates, it disturbs and mixes the soil at the upper end of the sampling layer through the spiral grooves (9) and the stepped rings (10). A sampling cylinder (11) is coaxially arranged on the drill rod (6), and a pushing mechanism (32) is provided at the upper end of the chuck (4) to drive the sampling cylinder (11) to move along the axis of the drill rod (6). The sampling tube (11) is equipped with a pressure balancing mechanism (21) connected to the drill rod (6). The pressure balancing mechanism (21) keeps the inside of the sampling tube (11) sealed when the sampling tube (11) is inserted for sampling, and connects the inside of the sampling tube (11) with the outside atmosphere when the sampling tube (11) is pulled out for sampling.

2. The sampling device for geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling tube (11) includes a first tube (12), a main tube (15) and a tail tube (19), which are detachable from top to bottom; The first cylinder (12) is connected to the output end of the pushing mechanism (32) for transmission. The tail cylinder (19) comes into contact with the soil during sampling, and the sample is located inside the main cylinder (15).

3. A sampling device for geological exploration according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main tube (15) includes two coaxially arranged tenon-and-mortise half tubes (16), and the side walls of the two tenon-and-mortise half tubes (16) are respectively provided with tenon-and-mortise keys (17). When the side walls of the two tenon-and-mortise half tubes (16) abut each other, they are engaged by the tenon-and-mortise keys (17). The two mortise and tenon half cylinders (16) have threaded parts (18) at both ends. When the mortise and tenon keys (17) of the two mortise and tenon half cylinders (16) are connected, the two threaded parts (18) form a complete thread. After the two mortise and tenon half cylinders (16) are connected, one end is threaded to the first cylinder (12) and the other end is threaded to the tail cylinder (19).

4. A sampling device for geological exploration according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower end of the tail tube (19) is provided with a ring-shaped cutting edge (20) along the circumferential direction.

5. A sampling device for geological exploration according to claim 3, characterized in that, A key core (7) is fixedly connected to the middle of the drill pipe (6), and a key seal (13) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the head cylinder (12) along the same axis. The key seal (13) is keyed to the key core (7). The key seal (13) is coaxially rotatably fitted with a retaining seal (30), and the retaining seal (30) is fixedly connected to the output end of the pushing mechanism (32).

6. A sampling device for geological exploration according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first tube (12) has vent holes (14) at equal angles along the circumference.

7. A sampling device for geological exploration according to claim 6, characterized in that, The upper part of the tapered drill bit (8) is coaxially provided with a drill disk (22) that is fixed to the drill rod (6). The drill disk (22) has two exhaust ports (24) arranged at equal angles along the circumference. The two exhaust ports (24) correspond to the two spiral grooves (9) respectively. Two exhaust ports (24) are respectively coaxially provided with bolt sleeves (25) that are fixed to the drill plate (22). Two bolt sleeves (25) are respectively coaxially dynamically sealed with air-blocking bolts (26). An air chamber (27) is opened inside the air-blocking bolt (26). The upper end of the air chamber (27) is through, and the lower end is provided with air-blocking holes (28) arranged at equal angles along the circumferential direction. A bolt section (31) is coaxially arranged above the drill bit (22) and connected to the drill rod (6) by a key. The bolt section (31) is fixedly connected to two air-blocking bolts (26). Each air-blocking bolt (26) is fitted with a spring on its outside. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the bolt sleeve (25), and the other end is fixedly connected to the bolt section (31). When the head tube (12) moves to its limit position relative to the drill rod (6), the top of the head tube (12) pushes the bolt (31) downward to achieve communication between the air blocking hole (28) and the exhaust port (24).

8. A sampling device for geological exploration according to claim 7, characterized in that, The drill bit (22) is fitted with a dust baffle (23) along the circumferential direction. When the sampling tube (11) moves, the dust baffle (23) is dynamically and slidably connected to the tail tube (19), the tenon half tube (16) and the head tube (12) in sequence.

9. A sampling device for geological exploration according to claim 7, characterized in that, A dust plug (29) is coaxially fixed to the lower end of the air choke (26), and the dust plug (29) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the exhaust port (24).

10. A sampling device for geological exploration according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pushing mechanism (32) includes two flat plates (33) symmetrically arranged on the upper end of the card table (4). The lower end of the flat plate (33) is fixedly connected to the card table (4), and the upper end is fixedly connected to the output end of the lifting device (3). Motors (34) are respectively arranged on the side of the two flat plates (33) that are far apart. The output end of each motor (34) is connected to the main gear (35) through a reducer. The lower end of the jack (4) is rotatably equipped with a bidirectional gear ring (36). The outer ring of the bidirectional gear ring (36) meshes with two main gears (35) respectively, and the inner ring meshes with two auxiliary gears (37). The two auxiliary gears (37) are respectively connected to screws (38) through threaded sleeves. The lower end of the screws (38) is fixedly connected to the jack (30). Guide rods (39) are respectively provided on the sides of the two screws (38). The guide rods (39) are slidably connected to the flat plate (33) and the lower end is fixedly connected to the jack (30). The screws (38) and guide rods (39) are the output ends of the pushing mechanism (32).

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