A surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development, belong to metal material detection technical field.It includes rack, image acquisition camera, translation workbench, turnover mechanism, scratch generation mechanism, detection light source module and illumination intensity adjusting mechanism, turnover mechanism is pre-tightened to watch steel by hydraulic drive cylinder cooperation compression spring, simulates actual stress scene and avoids surface damage;Scratch generation mechanism is moved and fixed connecting rod by translation workbench and is contacted to realize linkage, drive scratch needle to generate regular scratch on sample surface;Illumination intensity adjusting mechanism changes the area of overlapping hole by shading sleeve rotation, combined with liftable detection light source module realizes the dual regulation of illumination intensity and range, the technical problem of the present application is solved in mirror stainless steel detection fixedly damaged, illumination interference defect identification, can accurately detect surface flaw, lattice deformation and material cutting polishing performance, significantly improve detection accuracy and efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal material testing technology, and relates to a surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the high-end watch manufacturing industry, watch steel, as a key component that comes into direct contact with the human body and is visually visible, has its surface quality and mechanical properties that directly determine the quality of the product. It not only requires the surface to be free of scratches, dents and other appearance defects, but also to have excellent resistance to deformation and cutting and polishing performance. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct accurate testing during the research and development stage.

[0003] Mirror-finish stainless steel, due to its extremely low surface roughness (Ra≤0.02μm) and high reflectivity, is easily affected by light interference in conventional testing methods. Furthermore, the small size and thinness of the samples themselves make the fixation and handling during testing significantly more difficult than for ordinary metal materials. Currently, the industry's testing of watch steel largely relies on decentralized equipment and manual assistance, which presents numerous technical bottlenecks.

[0004] In the sample fixation and pressure application stages, existing equipment mostly employs a single mechanical clamping or vacuum adsorption method. Mechanical clamping directly clamps the sample with rigid fixtures, which can easily lead to surface damage due to uncontrollable clamping force, or sample displacement during testing due to poor fit between the fixture and the sample, making it impossible to accurately simulate the stress scenarios experienced by watch steel in actual use. While vacuum adsorption can avoid surface damage, it requires extremely high sample surface cleanliness and cannot achieve lattice deformation detection under controllable pressure, making it difficult to meet the needs of material mechanical property analysis in the research and development stage.

[0005] In the illumination adjustment and defect identification stages, existing detection methods mostly use fixed-angle surface or point light sources in conjunction with industrial cameras. Due to the strong reflective properties of mirror stainless steel, fixed light sources are prone to forming overexposure spots in camera imaging, which can mask minor scratches (width < 0.1 mm) or defects such as lattice deformation. Some devices filter reflections by adding polarizers, but this leads to attenuation of light intensity, requiring longer exposure times and reducing detection efficiency. Furthermore, these methods cannot dynamically adjust illumination parameters according to the reflective characteristics of different samples, resulting in poor adaptability.

[0006] Therefore, we propose a surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development to solve the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development, comprising:

[0009] frame;

[0010] An image acquisition camera is movably mounted within the frame;

[0011] A translation worktable is movably mounted within the frame and located below the image acquisition camera;

[0012] The flipping mechanism, fixed to the top of the translation worktable, includes a drive base, a flipping frame, a hydraulic drive cylinder, and a push block. The output shaft of the drive base is fixedly connected to the flipping frame. The hydraulic drive cylinder is mounted on the flipping frame, and the push block is fixed to the top of the hydraulic drive cylinder. The hydraulic drive cylinder drives the push block to apply pressure to the watch steel to simulate the actual stress scenario and to observe the lattice deformation behavior of the steel in conjunction with the image acquisition camera.

[0013] A scratch generation mechanism is located on one side of the drive base, including a rotating linkage and multiple scratch needles. The scratch needles are located on the rotating linkage. The rotating linkage drives the scratch needles to generate scratches on the watch steel surface, so as to cooperate with the image acquisition camera to evaluate the material's cutting and polishing performance.

[0014] The detection light source module is vertically mounted below the image acquisition camera to provide controllable illumination;

[0015] The light intensity adjustment mechanism is located between the image acquisition camera and the translation worktable. It includes a light-shielding sleeve I, a light-shielding sleeve II, and a drive motor I. The outer walls of the light-shielding sleeve I and the light-shielding sleeve II are provided with multiple through holes. The drive motor I drives the light-shielding sleeve I to rotate on the light-shielding sleeve II to change the overlapping area of ​​the through holes, thereby adjusting the light intensity irradiated onto the steel surface of the watch, reducing reflection interference and improving the accuracy of defect identification.

[0016] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0017] The flipping mechanism also includes two sliding links, a clamping plate, and a compression spring I. The sliding links are slidably disposed on the top of the flipping frame. The clamping plate is fixed to the bottom end of the sliding links and abuts against the inner side of the flipping frame. The compression spring I is sleeved on the outer wall of the sliding links, with its two ends abutting against the top end of the sliding links and the top end of the flipping frame, respectively. This allows the watch steel to be initially fixed by the preload of the compression spring I when placed between the flipping frame and the clamping plate, thus preventing surface damage.

[0018] The scratch generation mechanism further includes a fixed base, a transmission gear II, a transmission rack, a guide rod IV, and a compression spring II. The fixed base is fixed to one side of the drive base. The rotating connecting rod is rotatably mounted on the top of the fixed base. The transmission gear II is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating connecting rod. The transmission rack is slidably mounted on one side of the fixed base and meshes with the transmission gear II. The guide rod IV is fixed to one side of the fixed base. One end of the transmission rack is slidably sleeved on the guide rod IV. The compression spring II is sleeved on the outer wall of the guide rod IV, and its two ends respectively abut against the inner wall of one side of the transmission rack and the outer side of the fixed base. A fixed connecting rod is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of one side of the frame. When the translation worktable moves into the frame, the fixed connecting rod abuts against the transmission rack and moves, driving the rotating connecting rod to rotate through the transmission gear II, so that the scratch needle contacts the steel surface of the watch in a linkage manner.

[0019] A connecting base is fixedly sleeved on the top outer wall of the rotating connecting rod. Multiple scratching needles are inserted through the top of the connecting base. A fastening screw is threaded on one side of the connecting base. One end of the fastening screw abuts against the scratching needle. The position of the scratching needle is fixed by tightening the fastening screw to ensure the stability of scratch generation.

[0020] The light intensity adjustment mechanism also includes a protective cover I and a protective cover II. The protective cover I is fixed to the top of the translation worktable, and the protective cover II is fixed to the bottom of the light-shielding sleeve II. The protective cover I and the protective cover II are combined to form a barrel-shaped structure, which is used to prevent dust and isolate external light interference.

[0021] Multiple guide rails II are fixedly installed inside the frame. A sliding frame is slidably fitted on the guide rails II. A support frame is fixedly installed on the top of the sliding frame. The image acquisition camera is fixed to one side of the support frame. An electric slide stage II is fixedly installed inside the frame. The output end of the electric slide stage II is fixedly connected to the sliding frame. The electric slide stage II drives the sliding frame to move along the guide rails II to adjust the shooting position of the image acquisition camera.

[0022] A mounting base is fixedly provided on one side of the support frame. The light-shielding sleeve I is rotatably disposed within the mounting base. The light-shielding sleeve II is fixed to the bottom end of the image acquisition camera. The drive motor I is fixed to the outer wall of the mounting base. An annular gear ring is rotatably disposed within the mounting base. The light-shielding sleeve I is fixed within the annular gear ring. A bevel gear is fixedly disposed at the output end of the drive motor I. The bevel gear meshes with the annular gear ring. The drive motor I drives the bevel gear to rotate, thereby causing the annular gear ring and the light-shielding sleeve I to rotate synchronously, achieving precise adjustment of the overlapping area of ​​the through hole.

[0023] A guide rod Ⅲ is slidably mounted through the top of the sliding frame. The detection light source module is fixed to the bottom end of the guide rod Ⅲ. An electric push cylinder is fixedly mounted on the top of the sliding frame. The output end of the electric push cylinder is fixedly connected to the detection light source module. The electric push cylinder drives the detection light source module to move up and down along the guide rod Ⅲ to adjust the illumination distance and coverage area.

[0024] Two guide rails I are fixedly installed inside the frame. The translation worktable is slidably mounted on the guide rails I. An electric slide I is fixedly installed inside the frame. The output end of the electric slide I is fixedly connected to the translation worktable. The electric slide I drives the translation worktable to move along the guide rails I to achieve automatic adjustment of the detection position.

[0025] The image acquisition camera is an industrial CCD camera, which is connected to an external processing unit to acquire image data of the sample surface.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. The stainless steel surface defect detection device disclosed in this invention adopts a composite fixing method of compression spring pre-tensioning and hydraulic drive cylinder pressure in the flipping mechanism. The compression spring pushes the clamping plate through the sliding linkage to achieve initial positioning. With the anti-slip pad on the inner side of the flipping frame and the buffer pad of the clamping plate, it can not only adapt to watch steel samples of different specifications, but also avoid surface damage caused by hard contact. The pressure applied by the hydraulic drive cylinder driving the push block can be adjusted as needed, which can accurately simulate the stress scenario in actual use of watch steel, provide a realistic test environment for the detection of steel lattice deformation, and improve the reference value of the test data.

[0028] 2. The surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development disclosed in this invention uses the movement of the translation worktable and the contact of the fixed connecting rod to achieve linkage. It can drive the rotating connecting rod to rotate without additional independent drive components, so that the scratch needle can accurately fit the sample surface. Compared with the traditional manual scratch operation, it not only greatly shortens the operation time, but also ensures the regularity of the scratch path. By "creating defects" and observing the defect morphology, the processing performance of the material can be intuitively fed back.

[0029] 3. The surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development disclosed in this invention uses a light intensity adjustment mechanism that adjusts the overlap of the through holes in light-shielding sleeves I and II. Combined with the multi-angle focusing lens and stepless dimming design of the detection light source module, it achieves dual controllability of light intensity and irradiation range. The gear transmission adjustment of the light-shielding sleeves, in conjunction with the image acquisition camera, can clearly capture minute defects on the sample surface, significantly improving the accuracy of defect identification.

[0030] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of protective cover I and protective cover II of a surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the flipping mechanism structure of a surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the scratch generation mechanism of a surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development according to the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the light intensity adjustment mechanism of a surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the detection light source module of a surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development according to the present invention.

[0039] Reference numerals: 1. Frame; 2. Display module; 3. Protective door; 4. Guide rail I; 5. Electric slide I; 6. Translational worktable; 7. Guide rail II; 8. Sliding frame; 9. Image acquisition camera; 10. Detection light source module; 11. Light intensity adjustment mechanism; 111. Protective cover I; 112. Protective cover II; 113. Light-shielding sleeve I; 114. Light-shielding sleeve II; 115. Mounting base; 116. Ring gear; 117. Bevel gear; 118. Drive motor I; 12. Electric slide II; 13. Fixed connecting rod; 14. 141. Tilting mechanism; 142. Drive base; 143. Tilting frame; 144. Sliding link; 145. Compression spring I; 146. Clamping plate; 147. Push block; 148. Hydraulic drive cylinder; 15. Scratch generation mechanism; 151. Fixed base; 152. Rotating link; 153. Connecting base; 154. Scratch needle; 155. Fastening screw; 156. Transmission gear II; 157. Transmission rack; 158. Guide rod IV; 159. Compression spring II; 16. Support frame; 17. Electric push cylinder; 18. Guide rod III. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0041] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0042] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] like Figures 1-5 As shown, a surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development is built around the core functions of fixing, pressing and scratch generation of watch steel. The overall structure is based on the frame 1 as the carrier, and the functional components are arranged in layers to ensure convenient operation.

[0045] The frame 1 is welded from stainless steel profiles, forming a rectangular frame structure that provides stable support for all components of the device. Specifically, the frame 1 has leveling feet at its four corners to adjust the level according to the installation site, ensuring that the device does not tilt during testing. Two linear guide rails I4 are fixedly installed along the width of the frame 1, arranged in parallel. The translational worktable 6 is slidably mounted on the two guide rails I4. Preferably, the translational worktable 6 is made of aluminum alloy sheet, with the top anodized to improve surface hardness. Furthermore, an electric slide I5 is fixedly installed on one side of the frame 1. The output end of the electric slide I5 is fixedly connected to one side of the translational worktable 6 via bolts. The electric slide I5 drives the translational worktable 6 to move smoothly along the guide rails I4, achieving adjustment of the testing position.

[0046] Multiple guide rails II7 are fixedly installed inside the frame 1 along the width direction. A sliding frame 8 is slidably fitted on the multiple guide rails II7. The sliding frame 8 is made of aluminum alloy profile splicing and has a rectangular frame structure. The top of the sliding frame 8 is fixedly installed with a support frame 16 by bolts. The support frame 16 is a stainless steel welded part with an L-shaped structure, used to install and fix the image acquisition camera 9. The image acquisition camera 9 adopts an industrial-grade CCD camera. Its working principle revolves around "optical imaging-signal conversion-data transmission-real-time processing": the camera lens adopts a low-distortion industrial lens, and the focal length can be adjusted according to the size of the watch steel. The lens aperture is linked with the light intensity adjustment mechanism 11. When the overlapping area of ​​the through hole of the light-shielding sleeve I 113 and the light-shielding sleeve II 114 changes, the lens aperture will automatically adapt to the amount of light entering to avoid overexposure or underexposure. The image acquisition camera (9) adopts an industrial-grade CCD or CMOS camera. Its signal output terminal is connected to the display module (2) and the external control host. The camera, equipped with a low-distortion lens, can acquire clear images of the sample surface by adjusting the exposure time and gain in highly reflective environments. The acquired image data is transmitted to the control host and processed by visual algorithms (such as grayscale threshold segmentation) to identify surface defects. The display module 2 uses an industrial computer screen to display real-time images and historical comparison images, which facilitates R&D personnel to observe steel lattice deformation and surface defects. A protective door 3 is also hinged to one side of the frame 1 to protect the internal components.

[0047] The top of the translation worktable 6 is fixedly mounted with a tilting mechanism 14 using hexagonal socket bolts. The drive base 141 of the tilting mechanism 14 is made of cast iron and has a cuboid structure. Specifically, a servo motor is embedded inside the drive base 141, and the output shaft is fixedly connected to the tilting frame 142 via a flat key to ensure the stability of power transmission. Its structure is the same as the fourth axis of a CNC machine tool. The tilting frame 142 is an aluminum alloy welded part with a U-shaped structure and an upward-facing opening. Its inner sidewall is covered with a polyurethane anti-slip pad to prevent the watch steel from sliding when placed. Furthermore, a hydraulic drive cylinder 147 is fixedly mounted at the bottom center of the tilting frame 142 via a flange. The top of the hydraulic drive cylinder 147 is fixedly mounted with a push block 146 via a threaded connection. The push block 146 is made of polyurethane material with a smooth, burr-free surface. To ensure uniform pressure transmission during pressure application and to avoid damaging the surface of the watch steel, the push block 146 has a rounded transition.

[0048] The flipping mechanism 14 also includes two sliding links 143, which are stainless steel round rods. The two sliding links 143 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the flipping frame 142. Specifically, linear bearings are provided at the mating points between the sliding links 143 and the flipping frame 142 to ensure smooth sliding and prevent wear over long-term use. A clamping plate 145 is welded and fixedly installed at the bottom end of the sliding links 143. The clamping plate 145 is made of aluminum alloy plate, and one side of it abuts against the inner wall of the flipping frame 142, with a rubber cushioning pad attached to the contact surface. Preferably, a compression spring I 144 is sleeved on the outer wall of the sliding link 143. The compression spring I 144 is in a pre-compressed state. The elastic force of the compression spring I 144 pushes the clamping plate 145 upward to press it tight. The watch steel is placed between the flip frame 142 and the clamping plate 145 to achieve initial fixation. With the pressure action of the hydraulic drive cylinder 147, the stress state of the watch steel under different pressures can be simulated. With the image acquisition camera 9 capturing the image of the arched surface in real time, the researchers can directly observe when the steel surface begins to coarsen (orange peel) or microcracks propagate as the stress increases, thereby determining whether the batch of materials is suitable for deep drawing processing.

[0049] A scratch generating mechanism 15 is bolted to one side of the drive base 141. The fixed base 151 of the scratch generating mechanism 15 is made of cast iron and has an L-shaped structure. Specifically, a rotating connecting rod 152 is rotatably mounted on the top of the fixed base 151 via a deep groove ball bearing. The rotating connecting rod 152 is a stainless steel round rod, and a transmission gear II 156 is fixedly sleeved on its lower part via a flat key. A transmission rack 157 is slidably mounted through one side of the fixed base 151. The transmission rack 157 meshes with the transmission gear II 156. To achieve smooth and jam-free transmission, the meshing clearance is precisely controlled by adjusting shims. Furthermore, a guide rod IV 158 is bolted to one side of the fixed base 151. One end of the transmission rack 157 has a guide hole and is slidably sleeved on the guide rod IV 158. A compression spring II 159 is sleeved on the outer wall of the guide rod IV 158. The compression spring II 159 is in a pre-compressed state (e.g., Figure 5 As shown, compression spring II 159 is in a fully compressed state. A fixed connecting rod 13 is fixedly installed on one side of the inner wall of the frame 1 by bolts. Its installation height corresponds to the height of the transmission rack 157. When the translation worktable 6 moves into the frame 1, the end of the fixed connecting rod 13 will abut against the transmission rack 157 and move along the guide rod IV 158, thereby driving the transmission gear II 156 to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating connecting rod 152 to rotate around its own axis.

[0050] The outer wall of the top end of the rotating connecting rod 152 is fixedly fitted with a connecting base 153 by a set screw. The connecting base 153 is made of stainless steel and has a plate-like structure. Specifically, multiple scratching needles 154 are evenly arranged along the length of the top of the connecting base 153. The scratching needles 154 are made of high-hardness tungsten steel and can be replaced according to testing requirements. A threaded hole is radially opened on one side of the connecting base 153, and a fastening screw 155 is installed in the threaded hole. One end of the fastening screw 155 abuts against the side wall of the scratching needle 154. By tightening the fastening screw 155, the scratching needle 154 is fixed, preventing it from loosening or shifting during testing. During operation, the scratching needles plow multiple scratches on the sample surface, and then the scratches are observed with the image acquisition camera 9.

[0051] If the edges of the scratch are smooth and clean, it indicates that the material has moderate brittleness / hardness and good polishability (crisp).

[0052] If the scratch edges have a lot of flaking, built-up edges, or burrs, it indicates that the material is "sticky" and is prone to tailing during polishing, which is unacceptable.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] like Figures 1-7 As shown, this embodiment adds image acquisition, illumination adjustment and light source control components to the basic structure of embodiment one, so as to realize the automation and accuracy of defect detection and solve the problem of light interference in the detection of mirror stainless steel.

[0055] An electric slide stage II 12 is fixedly installed on one side of the frame 1. Its output end is fixedly connected to one side of the sliding frame 8 by bolts. The electric slide stage II 12 drives the sliding frame 8 to move along the guide rail II 7, thereby driving the image acquisition camera 9 to adjust the shooting position and realize comprehensive inspection of the steel surface of the watch. A mounting base 115 is fixedly installed on one side of the supporting frame 16 by bolts. The mounting base 115 is made of aluminum alloy and has a cylindrical structure. Preferably, the mounting base 115 has an annular groove inside. An annular gear ring 116 is rotatably set in the annular groove through a needle roller bearing. The light-shielding sleeve I 113 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the annular gear ring 116 by a set screw. The light-shielding sleeve II 114 is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the image acquisition camera 9 by bolts. The light-shielding sleeve I 113 and the light-shielding sleeve II 114 are clearance-fitted to ensure that the light-shielding sleeve I 113 can rotate smoothly inside the light-shielding sleeve II 114.

[0056] Both the outer walls of the light-shielding sleeves I113 and II114 are uniformly provided with multiple through holes along the circumference. The outer wall of the mounting base 115 is fixedly mounted with the drive motor I118 via a motor bracket. Specifically, the output end of the drive motor I118 is fixedly mounted with a bevel gear 117 via a flat key. The bevel gear 117 meshes with the ring gear 116. The drive motor I118 drives the bevel gear 117 to rotate, which in turn drives the ring gear 116 and the light-shielding sleeve I113 to rotate synchronously. This changes the overlapping area of ​​the through holes on the light-shielding sleeves I113 and II114, thereby adjusting the amount of light transmitted and controlling the light intensity illuminating the watch steel surface.

[0057] The light intensity adjustment mechanism 11 also includes protective covers I 111 and II 112, both made of transparent material. Specifically, protective cover I 111 is fixedly installed on the top of the translation worktable 6 by countersunk screws, located outside the flipping mechanism 14. Protective cover II 112 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the light-shielding sleeve II 114 by bolts. To achieve dust prevention and protect the internal detection area, protective covers I 111 and II 112 are combined to form a complete barrel-shaped structure, while the transparent material does not affect the shooting field of the image acquisition camera 9. The inner wall of protective cover II 112 is clearance-fitted with the outer wall of the fixed connecting rod 13, providing support for the fixed connecting rod 13.

[0058] Two guide rods, each made of stainless steel and symmetrically arranged on either side of the top of the sliding frame 8, are slidably mounted through the top of the sliding frame 8. Specifically, a linear bearing is provided at the mating point between the guide rods Ⅲ18 and the sliding frame 8 to ensure smooth sliding. The detection light source module 10 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the guide rod Ⅲ18 by bolts. Its specific structure is a ring array design, which is adapted to the shooting field of view of the image acquisition camera 9. The whole consists of three parts: the light source body, the heat dissipation structure and the control module. The core of the light source body is 36 high-brightness LED beads. The LED beads are pure white light type, and the color temperature is stable at 5500K±200K to avoid image color deviation caused by color temperature fluctuation. The LED beads are evenly distributed along the ring aluminum substrate, with a spacing of 10mm between adjacent LED beads. Each LED bead is equipped with an independent focusing lens. The light output angle of the lens can be adjusted within the range of 15°-45°. For the detection of small scratches on the surface of watch steel, the lens angle can be reduced to 15° to achieve concentrated light illumination and enhance the intensity of scattered light in the defect area. For the observation of large-area lattice deformation, the angle can be adjusted to 45° to ensure the uniformity of light coverage. Preferably, the back of the annular aluminum substrate is integrally formed with radial heat dissipation fins, 1mm thick and 3mm apart. A miniature cooling fan is installed at the center of the substrate; the fan speed is automatically adjusted according to the LED power. When the LED's continuous operating temperature exceeds 45℃, the fan speed increases to 2000rpm to ensure the LED's operating temperature remains stable below 50℃, preventing high temperatures from affecting luminous efficiency and lifespan. The control module is integrated on the side of the light source body, including a PWM dimming chip and signal interface. The dimming chip can receive commands from an external industrial control computer to achieve stepless brightness adjustment from 0-100%. The signal interface is linked with the image acquisition camera 9 to ensure synchronous lighting of the light source at the moment of camera capture, reducing ambient light interference. Furthermore, an electric push cylinder 17 is bolted to the top center of the sliding frame 8. The output end of the electric push cylinder 17 is fixedly connected to the top of the detection light source module 10 via a flange. The electric push cylinder 17 drives the detection light source module 10 to rise and fall along the guide rod III 18, adjusting the distance between the detection light source module 10 and the watch steel surface to adapt to the lighting requirements of different detection scenarios.

[0059] The overall working process of the device is as follows: The watch steel to be tested is placed between the flip frame 142 and the clamping plate 145. The preload of the compression spring I 144 pushes the clamping plate 145 upward to press the watch steel, achieving initial fixation. The electric slide I 5 is started, driving the translation worktable 6 to move along the guide rail I 4 into the frame 1. During the movement, the fixed connecting rod 13 abuts against the transmission rack 157 and moves along the guide rod IV 158. The transmission rack 157 drives the transmission gear II 156 to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating connecting rod 152 and the scribing needle 154 to rotate and scribing the upper surface of the watch steel. After moving into place, the protective cover I 111 and the protective cover II 112 are combined to form a complete barrel-shaped structure. Based on this, according to the testing requirements, the height of the detection light source module 10 is adjusted by the electric push cylinder 17, and the rotation angle of the light shielding sleeve I 113 is adjusted by the drive motor I 118 to control the light intensity.

[0060] The hydraulic drive cylinder 147 is activated to apply a set pressure to the watch steel. Simultaneously, the image acquisition camera 9 is activated to capture images of the watch steel surface, observing the deformation behavior of the steel lattice and surface defects. After the inspection is completed, the hydraulic drive cylinder 147 resets, and the compression spring I 144 drives the clamping plate 145 to move upward, removing the watch steel and completing one inspection cycle.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development, characterized in that, include: Rack (1); An image acquisition camera (9) is movably mounted inside the frame (1); The translation worktable (6) is movably disposed within the frame (1) and located below the image acquisition camera (9); The flipping mechanism (14) is fixed to the top of the translation worktable (6) and includes a drive base (141), a flipping frame (142), a hydraulic drive cylinder (147) and a push block (146). The output shaft of the drive base (141) is fixedly connected to the flipping frame (142). The hydraulic drive cylinder (147) is located on the flipping frame (142). The push block (146) is fixed to the top of the hydraulic drive cylinder (147). The hydraulic drive cylinder (147) drives the push block (146) to apply pressure to the watch steel to simulate the actual stress scene and cooperate with the image acquisition camera (9) to observe the lattice deformation behavior of the steel. The scratch generation mechanism (15) is located on one side of the drive base (141) and includes a rotating link (152) and a plurality of scratch needles (154). The scratch needles (154) are located on the rotating link (152). The rotating link (152) drives the scratch needles (154) to generate scratches on the steel surface of the watch to cooperate with the image acquisition camera (9) to evaluate the material cutting and polishing performance. The detection light source module (10) is vertically mounted below the image acquisition camera (9) to provide controllable illumination; The light intensity adjustment mechanism (11) is located between the image acquisition camera (9) and the translation worktable (6), and includes a light-shielding sleeve I (113), a light-shielding sleeve II (114) and a drive motor I (118). The outer walls of the light-shielding sleeve I (113) and the light-shielding sleeve II (114) are provided with multiple through holes. The drive motor I (118) drives the light-shielding sleeve I (113) to rotate on the light-shielding sleeve II (114) to change the overlapping area of ​​the through holes, thereby adjusting the light intensity irradiated onto the steel surface of the watch, reducing reflection interference and improving the accuracy of defect identification.

2. The surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flipping mechanism (14) also includes two sliding links (143), a clamping plate (145), and a compression spring I (144). The sliding links (143) are slidably disposed on the top of the flipping frame (142). The clamping plate (145) is fixed to the bottom end of the sliding links (143) and abuts against the inner side of the flipping frame (142). The compression spring I (144) is sleeved on the outer wall of the sliding links (143), and its two ends abut against the top end of the sliding links (143) and the top end of the flipping frame (142), respectively. This allows the watch steel to be initially fixed by the preload of the compression spring I (144) when placed between the flipping frame (142) and the clamping plate (145), thus avoiding surface damage.

3. The surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development according to claim 2, characterized in that, The scratch generation mechanism (15) further includes a fixed base (151), a transmission gear II (156), a transmission rack (157), a guide rod IV (158), and a compression spring II (159). The fixed base (151) is fixed to one side of the drive base (141). The rotating connecting rod (152) is rotatably disposed on the top of the fixed base (151). The transmission gear II (156) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating connecting rod (152). The transmission rack (157) is slidably disposed on one side of the fixed base (151) and meshes with the transmission gear II (156). The guide rod IV (158) is fixed to one side of the fixed base (151). On one side, one end of the transmission rack (157) is slidably sleeved on the guide rod IV (158), and the compression spring II (159) is sleeved on the outer wall of the guide rod IV (158). Its two ends respectively abut against the inner wall of one side of the transmission rack (157) and the outer side of the fixed base (151). A fixed connecting rod (13) is fixedly provided on the inner wall of one side of the frame (1). When the translation worktable (6) moves into the frame (1), the fixed connecting rod (13) abuts against the transmission rack (157) and moves, driving the rotating connecting rod (152) to rotate through the transmission gear II (156), so that the scratching needle (154) contacts the steel surface of the watch in a linkage manner.

4. The surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development according to claim 3, characterized in that, A connecting base (153) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the top end of the rotating connecting rod (152). Multiple scratching needles (154) are inserted through the top of the connecting base (153). A fastening screw (155) is threaded on one side of the connecting base (153). One end of the fastening screw (155) abuts against the scratching needle (154). The position of the scratching needle (154) is fixed by tightening the fastening screw (155) to ensure the stability of scratch generation.

5. The surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The light intensity adjustment mechanism (11) also includes a protective cover I (111) and a protective cover II (112). The protective cover I (111) is fixed to the top of the translation worktable (6), and the protective cover II (112) is fixed to the bottom of the light-shielding sleeve II (114). The protective cover I (111) and the protective cover II (112) are combined to form a barrel-shaped structure for dust prevention and isolation of external light interference.

6. The surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development according to claim 5, characterized in that, Multiple guide rails II (7) are fixedly installed inside the frame (1). A sliding frame (8) is slidably mounted on the guide rails II (7). A support frame (16) is fixedly installed on the top of the sliding frame (8). The image acquisition camera (9) is fixed to one side of the support frame (16). An electric slide stage II (12) is fixedly installed inside the frame (1). The output end of the electric slide stage II (12) is fixedly connected to the sliding frame (8). The electric slide stage II (12) drives the sliding frame (8) to move along the guide rails II (7) to adjust the shooting position of the image acquisition camera (9).

7. The surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development according to claim 6, characterized in that, A mounting base (115) is fixedly provided on one side of the support frame (16). The light-shielding sleeve I (113) is rotatably disposed in the mounting base (115). The light-shielding sleeve II (114) is fixed to the bottom end of the image acquisition camera (9). The drive motor I (118) is fixed to the outer wall of the mounting base (115). An annular gear ring (116) is rotatably disposed in the mounting base (115). The light-shielding sleeve I (113) is fixed in the annular gear ring (116). A bevel gear (117) is fixedly disposed at the output end of the drive motor I (118). The bevel gear (117) meshes with the annular gear ring (116). The drive motor I (118) drives the bevel gear (117) to rotate, thereby driving the annular gear ring (116) and the light-shielding sleeve I (113) to rotate synchronously, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the overlapping area of ​​the through hole.

8. The surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development according to claim 6, characterized in that, The top of the sliding frame (8) is slidably provided with a guide rod III (18), the detection light source module (10) is fixed to the bottom end of the guide rod III (18), and the top of the sliding frame (8) is fixedly provided with an electric push cylinder (17). The output end of the electric push cylinder (17) is fixedly connected to the detection light source module (10). The electric push cylinder (17) drives the detection light source module (10) to rise and fall along the guide rod III (18) to adjust the illumination distance and coverage area.

9. The surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame (1) is fixedly provided with two guide rails I (4), the translation worktable (6) is slidably provided on the guide rails I (4), the frame (1) is fixedly provided with an electric slide I (5), the output end of the electric slide I (5) is fixedly connected to the translation worktable (6), and the translation worktable (6) is driven to move along the guide rails I (4) by the electric slide I (5) to realize the automatic adjustment of the detection position.

10. The surface defect detection device for stainless steel research and development according to claim 1, characterized in that, The image acquisition camera (9) is an industrial CCD camera. The image acquisition camera (9) is connected to an external processing unit and is used to acquire image data of the sample surface.

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