Maximum power point tracking method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The application relates to the photovoltaic power generation technical field, in particular to a maximum power point tracking method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium. In the maximum power point tracking method, first, a disturbance is applied to the output voltage of a photovoltaic cell to obtain a power change value; then, the disturbance direction of the next time is determined according to the power change value, and the disturbance of the next time is applied based on the disturbance direction of the next time; then, the disturbance frequency of the photovoltaic cell in the same direction is obtained; when the disturbance frequency is greater than a preset frequency, the disturbance direction is controlled to be reversed. Therefore, when the disturbance frequency in the same direction is greater than the preset frequency, the disturbance direction can be forced to change, the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell has the opportunity to search in another direction, the maximum power point is re-approximated, the situation of lightening can be more comprehensively coped with, the situation of deviating from the maximum power point due to lightening can be reduced, and the accuracy and efficiency of tracking the maximum power point are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, specifically to a maximum power point tracking method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Existing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms for photovoltaic (PV) inverters suffer from inefficiency when sunlight intensity changes rapidly. Specifically, when sunlight intensity increases rapidly, traditional MPPT algorithms may misinterpret the cause of the power increase, leading to a continuous shift in the PV cell voltage in the wrong direction, deviating from the true maximum power point. In such cases, the inverter requires a considerable amount of time to relock onto the maximum power point, resulting in power loss. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a maximum power point tracking method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium, which can reduce the occurrence of deviation from the maximum power point due to enhanced illumination and improve the accuracy and efficiency of tracking the maximum power point.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the problem is as follows: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a maximum power point tracking method, the maximum power point tracking method comprising: applying a perturbation to the output voltage of a photovoltaic cell to obtain a power change value; determining the direction of the next perturbation based on the power change value, and applying the next perturbation based on the next perturbation direction; obtaining the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously perturbed in the same direction; and controlling the perturbation direction to reverse when the number of perturbations is greater than a preset number.

[0005] In some embodiments, determining the next disturbance direction based on the power change value includes: obtaining the current disturbance direction; and determining that the next disturbance direction is the same as the current disturbance direction when the power change value is positive.

[0006] In some embodiments, the disturbance direction includes a first direction and a second direction; the first direction is the direction that increases the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell, and the second direction is the direction that decreases the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell.

[0007] In some embodiments, controlling the perturbation direction to reverse when the number of perturbations is greater than a preset number includes: when the number of perturbations of the photovoltaic cell in the first direction is greater than a first preset number, controlling the photovoltaic cell to be continuously perturbed in the second direction for a second preset number; obtaining the power change value of the last perturbation in the second preset number of perturbed ...

[0008] In some embodiments, the step of controlling the perturbation direction to reverse when the number of perturbations is greater than a preset number further includes: when the number of perturbations of the photovoltaic cell in the second direction is greater than a third preset number, controlling the photovoltaic cell to be continuously perturbed in the first direction for a fourth preset number; obtaining the power change value of the last perturbation in the fourth preset number of perturbed ...

[0009] In some embodiments, applying a perturbation to the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell includes: obtaining a preset voltage step size; and applying a perturbation in a first direction or a second direction to the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell based on the preset voltage step size.

[0010] In some embodiments, after the step of obtaining the current disturbance direction, the method further includes: when the power change value is negative, determining that the next disturbance direction is opposite to the current disturbance direction.

[0011] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a maximum power point tracking device, the device comprising: a voltage perturbation module for applying a perturbation to the output voltage of a photovoltaic cell to obtain a power change value; a perturbation direction determination module for determining the next perturbation direction based on the power change value and applying the next perturbation based on the next perturbation direction; a perturbation count acquisition module for acquiring the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously perturbed in the same direction; and a perturbation reversal control module for controlling the perturbation direction to reverse when the number of perturbations is greater than a preset number.

[0012] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, the electronic device comprising: one or more processors; a memory; and one or more application programs, wherein the one or more application programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor to implement the maximum power point tracking method as described above.

[0013] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program being loaded by a processor to perform the steps in the maximum power point tracking method as described above.

[0014] This application provides a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. In the MPPT method, a perturbation is first applied to the output voltage of a photovoltaic (PV) cell to obtain a power change value. Then, the direction of the next perturbation is determined based on the power change value, and a new perturbation is applied based on this direction. Next, the number of consecutive perturbations in the same direction is obtained. When the number of perturbations exceeds a preset number, the perturbation direction is reversed. Applying a perturbation to the PV cell's output voltage, by periodically applying voltage increments or decrements, provides a mechanism for actively detecting power characteristics, reducing the limitations of traditional methods that passively rely on environmental changes during sudden changes in illumination. Determining the next perturbation direction based on the power change value forms a closed-loop control mechanism based on real-time feedback. This mechanism can adjust the perturbation direction in real time according to changes in the PV cell's output power, gradually approaching the maximum power point and reducing energy loss and system oscillation during the tracking process. Furthermore, when the number of consecutive perturbations in the same direction exceeds a preset number, the perturbation direction is forcibly changed, allowing the PV cell's output voltage to search in another direction and reapproach the maximum power point. This process improves adaptability and stability in dynamic environments. Furthermore, combined with the aforementioned power change judgment logic, this mechanism can more comprehensively address situations of rapid changes in illumination, reducing deviations from the maximum power point due to enhanced illumination, and improving the accuracy and efficiency of tracking the maximum power point. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a maximum power point tracking method provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the changes in output voltage and output power of a photovoltaic cell when sunlight intensity is enhanced, using the traditional MPPT control method. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in output voltage and output power of a photovoltaic cell under enhanced illumination using the maximum power point tracking method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the maximum power point tracking device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] In the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," "third," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features.

[0019] In this application, the term "exemplary" is used to mean "used as an example, illustration, or description." Any embodiment described as "exemplary" in this application is not necessarily to be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments. The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use this application. Details are set forth in the following description for purposes of explanation. It should be understood that those skilled in the art will recognize that this application can be made without using these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the description of this application with unnecessary detail. Therefore, this application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the broadest scope of the principles and features disclosed in this application.

[0020] It should be noted that since the method in this application embodiment is executed in a computer device, the processing objects of each computer device exist in the form of data or information, such as time, which is essentially time information. It is understood that if size, quantity, position, etc. are mentioned in subsequent embodiments, they are all corresponding data that exist so that the computer device can process them. Specific details will not be elaborated here.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, an application scenario of one embodiment of the present invention includes a photovoltaic cell 100, a DC-DC converter 200, a controller 300, and a load 400. Specifically, the photovoltaic cell 100 is connected to the load 400 via the DC-DC converter 200. The controller 300 samples the output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic cell 100 and outputs a drive signal to the DC-DC converter 200 to drive its operation. The DC-DC converter 200 typically includes components such as switching transistors, capacitors, and inductors.

[0022] In this application scenario, the photovoltaic cell 100 outputs electrical energy to the DC-DC converter 200. After DC-DC converter 200 performs DC-DC boost or buck processing, the electrical energy is output to the load 400. The load 400 can be a battery or other load. Alternatively, the DC-DC converter 200 in this application scenario can be replaced by an inverter or other devices that process the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell 100. Figure 1 The DC-DC converter is used as an example to illustrate this.

[0023] The controller 300 samples the output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic cell 100. After processing by the controller 300, it outputs a drive signal to the DC-DC converter 200 to control the switching transistors in the DC-DC converter 200 to turn on and off, thereby achieving maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic cell 100.

[0024] The driving signal can be a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal. The controller 300 adjusts parameters such as the duty cycle, frequency, or phase of the PWM signal (driving signal) to change the switching characteristics of the switching transistors in the DC-DC converter 200, thereby perturbing the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell 100. The controller 300 can implement the maximum power point tracking method in any of the following embodiments, for example, applying a perturbation to the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell; obtaining the power change value of the photovoltaic cell after the perturbation; and determining the direction of the next perturbation based on the power change value, etc. The controller 300 can be a controller such as an MCU (Microcontroller Unit), DSP (Digital Signal Processor), or other control devices capable of performing the same function.

[0025] like Figure 2 As shown, this application embodiment provides a maximum power point tracking method, which includes the following steps S1 and S2: Step S1: Apply a perturbation to the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell to obtain the power change value.

[0026] Applying a disturbance to the output voltage of a photovoltaic cell can be understood as changing the operating point of the photovoltaic cell to observe changes in its power output. Specifically, this disturbance can be achieved by adjusting the duty cycle of the DC-DC converter. For example, one implementation involves periodically increasing or decreasing the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell, with each adjustment being a fixed value; another implementation applies the disturbance through randomly generated small voltage variations.

[0027] Specifically, obtaining the power change value refers to quantifying the actual impact of voltage disturbance on power by measuring the difference in output power of photovoltaic cells before and after the disturbance. This can be achieved by real-time monitoring of the output current and voltage of the photovoltaic cells before and after the disturbance, calculating the power value before the disturbance by multiplying the output current and voltage before the disturbance, calculating the power value after the disturbance by multiplying the output current and voltage after the disturbance, and finally calculating the difference between the power value after the disturbance and the power value before the disturbance to obtain the power change value of the photovoltaic cells after the disturbance.

[0028] In some embodiments, step S1 above, applying a perturbation to the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell, includes: obtaining a preset voltage step size; and applying a perturbation in a first direction or a second direction to the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell based on the preset voltage step size.

[0029] Specifically, the preset voltage step size refers to the voltage change that is pre-set and fixed during maximum power point tracking (MPPT). It can be implemented using a fixed value, a piecewise function, or a lookup table. The value of the preset voltage step size is related to factors such as light intensity and system response time.

[0030] Specifically, the disturbance direction refers to the direction in which the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell is adjusted, which can be either increasing or decreasing the output voltage. The first direction is for increasing the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell, and the second direction is for decreasing the output voltage. This can be achieved by controlling the on-time or duty cycle of the switching elements in the control circuit, aiming to ensure that each voltage adjustment has a clear directionality.

[0031] In this embodiment, a preset voltage step size is first obtained as the basic adjustment unit. Then, based on the current operating state, either a first direction or a second direction is selected for voltage perturbation. This not only suppresses system oscillations caused by excessively large step sizes but also reduces response delays caused by excessively small step sizes. Especially in scenarios with sudden changes in illumination, the combination of the preset voltage step size and direction decision logic ensures the consistency of the voltage change amplitude each time, enabling the output voltage to smoothly approach the maximum power point, thereby reducing power fluctuations and mitigating the risk of power loss.

[0032] Step S2: Determine the direction of the next disturbance based on the power change value, and apply the next disturbance based on the next disturbance direction.

[0033] This embodiment, by actively perturbing the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell and dynamically adjusting the direction of the perturbation based on the power change value, can gradually approach the maximum power point and reduce power loss.

[0034] In some embodiments, step S2 above, determining the next disturbance direction based on the power change value, includes: obtaining the current disturbance direction; and determining that the next disturbance direction is the same as the current disturbance direction when the power change value is positive.

[0035] In some embodiments, the disturbance direction includes a first direction and a second direction. The first direction is the direction that increases the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell, and the second direction is the direction that decreases the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell.

[0036] Specifically, when the power change value is positive, the direction of the next disturbance is determined to be the same as the current disturbance direction, including: if the power change value is positive and the current disturbance direction is the first direction, the direction of the next disturbance is determined to be the first direction; if the power change value is positive and the current disturbance direction is the second direction, the direction of the next disturbance is determined to be the second direction.

[0037] In this embodiment, when the power change value is positive, the direction of the next disturbance is determined to be the same as the current direction. This mechanism uses the power change value as a real-time feedback indicator of the disturbance effect to ensure that the system continuously optimizes voltage adjustment along the effective direction when the power is increased, thereby improving tracking efficiency and stability.

[0038] In some embodiments, after obtaining the current disturbance direction, the method further includes: when the power change value is negative, determining that the next disturbance direction is opposite to the current disturbance direction.

[0039] Specifically, when the power change value is negative, the direction of the next disturbance is determined to be opposite to the current disturbance direction, including: if the power change value is negative and the current disturbance direction is the first direction, the direction of the next disturbance is determined to be the second direction; if the power change value is negative and the current disturbance direction is the second direction, the direction of the next disturbance is determined to be the first direction.

[0040] In this embodiment, when the power change value is negative, it indicates that the current disturbance direction has caused the system to deviate from the maximum power point. In this case, the disturbance direction needs to be adjusted promptly to avoid further deviation. Based on the above mechanism, the decision logic for the disturbance direction is directly driven by determining the sign of the power change value, thereby simplifying the control process. By using reverse disturbances to quickly converge to the vicinity of the maximum power point, power loss and unnecessary oscillations are reduced.

[0041] Step S3: Obtain the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed in the same direction.

[0042] The number of times a photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed in the same direction refers to the cumulative number of times the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell is disturbed in a single direction.

[0043] Step S4: When the number of disturbances exceeds the preset number, control the disturbance direction to reverse.

[0044] The preset number of times is a preset threshold parameter, the specific value of which can be adjusted according to the characteristics of photovoltaic cells or application scenarios. For example, it can be set to 5 times, 10 times, etc. The purpose is to provide a reasonable judgment standard to trigger the direction reversal mechanism.

[0045] In this embodiment, after determining that the next perturbation direction is the same as the current direction when the power change value is positive, the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously perturbed in the same direction is recorded in real time. When the number of perturbations exceeds a preset number, the perturbation direction is forcibly changed, allowing the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell to have a chance to search in another direction and approach the maximum power point again. This process can improve adaptability and stability in dynamic environments. At the same time, this mechanism, combined with the power change value judgment logic in the above-mentioned maximum power point tracking method, can more comprehensively cope with the situation of rapid changes in illumination, reduce the situation of deviation from the maximum power point due to enhanced illumination, and improve the accuracy and efficiency of tracking the maximum power point. In summary, this embodiment can adjust the perturbation direction in a timely manner when illumination changes rapidly, reduce the situation of deviation from the maximum power point due to continuous unidirectional perturbation, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of maximum power point tracking.

[0046] In some embodiments, step S4 above, controlling the perturbation direction to reverse when the number of perturbations is greater than a preset number, includes: when the number of perturbations of the photovoltaic cell in the first direction is greater than the first preset number, controlling the photovoltaic cell to be continuously perturbed in the second direction for a second preset number; obtaining the power change value of the last perturbation in the second preset number of continuous perturbations of the photovoltaic cell, and determining the perturbation direction for the next time based on the power change value.

[0047] The first direction is the direction that increases the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell, and the second direction is the direction that decreases the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell.

[0048] The values ​​of the first and second preset counts are related to factors such as the preset voltage step size of the disturbance, the actual light intensity, and the rate of change of light intensity. The first and second preset counts can be set according to the actual application scenario. Typically, a numerical range that balances tracking efficiency and stability is selected. The purpose is to ensure that the system has enough time to adapt to environmental changes after a direction switch, and to reduce the occurrence of direction decision errors caused by noise interference from a single disturbance.

[0049] In some embodiments, both the first preset number and the second preset number are greater than or equal to 1, and the second preset number is less than or equal to the first preset number. For example, the first preset number can be 2, and the second preset number can be 1. That is, if the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed in the first direction is greater than 2 (that is, when the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed in the first direction reaches 3 times), the photovoltaic cell is controlled to be continuously disturbed in the second direction once. As another example, the first preset number can be 3, and the second preset number can be 2. That is, if the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed in the first direction is greater than 3 (that is, when the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed in the first direction reaches 4 times), the photovoltaic cell is controlled to be continuously disturbed in the second direction twice.

[0050] In some embodiments, obtaining the power change value of the last disturbance in a second preset number of consecutive disturbances of the photovoltaic cell, and determining the direction of the next disturbance based on the power change value, includes: obtaining the power change value of the last disturbance in a second preset number of consecutive disturbances of the photovoltaic cell; when the power change value is positive, determining that the direction of the next disturbance is the same as the current disturbance direction; when the power change value is negative, determining that the direction of the next disturbance is opposite to the current disturbance direction.

[0051] In this embodiment, firstly, when the number of consecutive perturbations of the photovoltaic cell in the first direction (the direction of increasing voltage) exceeds a first preset number, a direction switching mechanism is triggered, controlling the photovoltaic cell to continuously perturb in the second direction (the direction of decreasing voltage) for a second preset number of times. During this process, the direction is not immediately adjusted based on the power change value after each perturbation; instead, it waits until the second preset number of consecutive perturbations is completed before making a direction decision based solely on the power change value of the last perturbation. This design utilizes the relatively stable state of the system at the end of a fixed perturbation sequence, reducing the impact of instantaneous fluctuations during rapid changes in illumination on direction judgment, thereby reducing the likelihood of frequent oscillations or misjudgments near the maximum power point. The above method, through precise control of the number of consecutive perturbations and combined with direction decision-making based on the power change value at the end of a fixed perturbation sequence, significantly improves the stability of maximum power point tracking. This design is particularly crucial under conditions of rapid changes in illumination, ensuring that the system always maintains efficient tracking capability of the maximum power point.

[0052] In some embodiments, step S4 above, controlling the perturbation direction to reverse when the number of perturbations is greater than a preset number, further includes: when the number of perturbations of the photovoltaic cell in the second direction is greater than a third preset number, controlling the photovoltaic cell to be continuously perturbed in the first direction for a fourth preset number; obtaining the power change value of the last perturbation in the fourth preset number of continuous perturbations of the photovoltaic cell, and determining the perturbation direction for the next time based on the power change value.

[0053] The values ​​of the third and fourth preset counts are related to factors such as the preset voltage step size of the disturbance, the actual light intensity, and the rate of change of light intensity. The third and fourth preset counts can be set according to the actual application scenario. Typically, a numerical range that balances tracking efficiency and stability is selected. The purpose is to ensure that the system has enough time to adapt to environmental changes after a direction switch, and to reduce the occurrence of direction decision errors caused by noise interference from a single disturbance.

[0054] In some embodiments, both the third preset number and the fourth preset number are greater than or equal to 1, and the fourth preset number is less than or equal to the third preset number. For example, the third preset number can be 1, and the second preset number can be 1. That is, if the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed in the second direction is greater than 1 (that is, when the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed in the second direction reaches 2), the photovoltaic cell is controlled to be continuously disturbed in the first direction once. As another example, the third preset number can be 4, and the second preset number can be 3. That is, if the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed in the second direction is greater than 4 (that is, when the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed in the second direction reaches 5), the photovoltaic cell is controlled to be continuously disturbed in the first direction 3 times.

[0055] In some embodiments, obtaining the power change value of the last disturbance in a fourth preset number of continuous disturbances of the photovoltaic cell, and determining the direction of the next disturbance based on the power change value, includes: obtaining the power change value of the last disturbance in a fourth preset number of continuous disturbances of the photovoltaic cell; when the power change value is positive, determining that the direction of the next disturbance is the same as the current disturbance direction; when the power change value is negative, determining that the direction of the next disturbance is opposite to the current disturbance direction.

[0056] In this embodiment, when the number of consecutive perturbations of the photovoltaic cell in the second direction (the direction of decreasing voltage) exceeds a third preset number, a forced switch to the first direction (the direction of increasing voltage) for a fourth preset number of perturbations is initiated. During this process, the power change value of the last perturbation in the fourth preset number of consecutive perturbations is obtained. This design utilizes the relatively stable state of the system at the end of a fixed perturbation sequence, reducing the impact of instantaneous fluctuations during rapid changes in illumination on direction judgment, thereby reducing the occurrence of frequent oscillations or misjudgments near the maximum power point. The above method, through precise control of the number of consecutive perturbations and combined with the power change value at the end of the fixed perturbation sequence for direction decision-making, significantly improves the stability of maximum power point tracking. This design is particularly critical under conditions of rapid changes in illumination, ensuring that the system always maintains efficient tracking capability of the maximum power point.

[0057] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of the changes in the output voltage and output power of a photovoltaic cell when the light intensity increases using the traditional MPPT control method.

[0058] When the light intensity increases, the power-voltage (P-U) curve of the photovoltaic cell changes with the increase in light intensity. Let U0 and P0 be the original output voltage and output power of the photovoltaic cell, U1 and P1 be the current output voltage and output power of the photovoltaic cell, and ΔU be the preset voltage step. Since P1 > P0 (P1 - P0 > 0, the power change value is positive) and U1 < U0 (currently, a perturbation in the second direction is applied, that is, a perturbation in the direction of reducing the output voltage), the MPPT control algorithm maintains the perturbation method of reducing the voltage. In the next voltage adjustment, U2 < U1 (perturbation in the second direction) will occur. Since the light intensity is increasing rapidly at this time, although the maximum power point of the photovoltaic cell is on the left side of the P-U curve and U2 < U1, the situation of P2 > P1 (the power change value is positive) still appears. Therefore, the MPPT control algorithm still adopts the perturbation method of reducing the voltage. After the second voltage adjustment, U3 < U2 will occur, and the situation of P3 > P2 will also appear. MPPT continues to adopt the perturbation method of reducing the voltage. And so on, eventually, the photovoltaic cell will gradually deviate from the true maximum power point, resulting in power loss.

[0059] As Figure 4 shown, Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the changes in the output voltage and output power of a photovoltaic cell when the light intensity increases using the maximum power point tracking method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Using the maximum power point tracking method provided by this embodiment, assume that the first preset number is 2, the second preset number is 1, the third preset number is 1, and the fourth preset number is 1. That is, if the number of consecutive perturbations of the photovoltaic cell in the first direction (the direction of increasing the output voltage) is greater than 2 (that is, when the number of consecutive perturbations of the photovoltaic cell in the first direction reaches 3 times), control the photovoltaic cell to continuously perturb in the second direction (the direction of reducing the output voltage) once. If the number of consecutive perturbations of the photovoltaic cell in the second direction is greater than 1 (that is, when the number of consecutive perturbations of the photovoltaic cell in the second direction reaches 2 times), control the photovoltaic cell to continuously perturb in the first direction once.

[0061] When the light intensity increases, the power-voltage (P-U) curve of the photovoltaic cell changes with the increase of light intensity. Similarly, let U0 and P0 be the original output voltage and output power of the photovoltaic cell, U1 and P1 be the current output voltage and output power of the photovoltaic cell, and ΔU be the preset voltage step. In this embodiment, since P1 > P0 (the power change value is positive) and U1 < U0 (the current perturbation is in the second direction), the maximum power point tracking method in this embodiment will adopt a voltage reduction perturbation method in the next perturbation, that is, the perturbation in the second direction. After the next voltage adjustment, U2 < U1 (perturbation in the second direction) will occur. Since the light intensity is increasing rapidly at this time, although the maximum power point of the photovoltaic cell is on the left side of the P-U curve and U2 < U1, the situation of P2 > P1 (the power value change is positive) still appears. Therefore, this embodiment will maintain the voltage reduction perturbation method. After continuously adopting the voltage reduction (second direction) perturbation method twice, it is stipulated to adopt the voltage increase (first direction) perturbation method once. Therefore, in the next voltage adjustment, U3 > U2 (perturbation in the first direction) will occur. Since P3 > P2 (the power change value is positive), in the next voltage adjustment, the situations of U4 > U3 and P4 > P3 will occur, and so on, until the voltage increase (first direction) perturbation method is continuously adopted three times, and the output voltage and output power of the photovoltaic cell correspond to U5 and P5. At this time, the next voltage adjustment method is stipulated to adopt the voltage reduction (second direction) method, and the situations of U6 < U5 and P6 > P5 will occur. It can be found that after the above perturbation control of the output voltage, Figure 4 where U6 = U0, and the subsequent situations can be类推. The output voltage of the photovoltaic cell will be maintained near the maximum power point voltage, reducing the situation that the traditional MPPT algorithm gradually deviates from the true maximum power point, reducing the power loss in the tracking process, and improving the dynamic efficiency.

[0062] This application provides a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. First, a perturbation is applied to the output voltage of a photovoltaic (PV) cell to obtain a power change value. Then, the direction of the next perturbation is determined based on the power change value, and a new perturbation is applied based on this direction. Next, the number of consecutive perturbations in the same direction is obtained. When the number of perturbations exceeds a preset number, the perturbation direction is reversed. Applying a perturbation to the PV cell's output voltage, by periodically applying voltage increments or decrements, provides a mechanism for actively detecting power characteristics, reducing the limitations of traditional methods that passively rely on environmental changes during sudden changes in illumination. Determining the next perturbation direction based on the power change value forms a closed-loop control mechanism based on real-time feedback. This mechanism can adjust the perturbation direction in real time according to changes in the PV cell's output power, gradually approaching the maximum power point and reducing energy loss and system oscillation during tracking. Furthermore, when the number of consecutive perturbations in the same direction exceeds a preset number, the perturbation direction can be forcibly changed, allowing the PV cell's output voltage to search in another direction and reapproach the maximum power point. This process improves adaptability and stability in dynamic environments. At the same time, this mechanism, combined with the aforementioned power change value judgment logic, can more comprehensively cope with the situation of rapid changes in illumination, reduce the situation of deviation from the maximum power point due to enhanced illumination, and improve the accuracy and efficiency of tracking the maximum power point.

[0063] To better implement the maximum power point tracking method in the embodiments of this application, a maximum power point tracking device 600 is also provided in the embodiments of this application, based on the maximum power point tracking method, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the maximum power point tracking device 600 includes: The voltage disturbance module 601 is used to apply a disturbance to the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell to obtain the power change value; The disturbance direction determination module 602 is used to determine the next disturbance direction based on the power change value, and to apply the next disturbance based on the next disturbance direction; The disturbance count acquisition module 603 is used to acquire the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed in the same direction; The disturbance reversal control module 604 is used to control the disturbance direction to reverse when the number of disturbances exceeds a preset number.

[0064] In some embodiments, the disturbance direction determination module 602 is further configured to: obtain the current disturbance direction; and determine that the next disturbance direction is the same as the current disturbance direction when the power change value is positive.

[0065] In some embodiments, the disturbance direction includes a first direction and a second direction; the first direction is the direction that increases the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell, and the second direction is the direction that decreases the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell.

[0066] In some embodiments, the disturbance reversal control module 604 is further configured to: control the photovoltaic cell to be continuously disturbed in the second direction for a second preset number of times when the number of disturbances in the first direction is greater than the first preset number of times; obtain the power change value of the last disturbance in the second preset number of times of continuous disturbance of the photovoltaic cell, and determine the direction of the next disturbance based on the power change value.

[0067] In some embodiments, the disturbance reversal control module 604 is further configured to: control the photovoltaic cell to be continuously disturbed in the first direction for a fourth preset number of times when the number of disturbances in the second direction is greater than a third preset number of times; obtain the power change value of the last disturbance in the fourth preset number of times of continuous disturbance of the photovoltaic cell, and determine the direction of the next disturbance based on the power change value.

[0068] In some embodiments, the voltage perturbation module 601 is specifically used to: obtain a preset voltage step size; and apply a perturbation in a first direction or a second direction to the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell based on the preset voltage step size.

[0069] In some embodiments, the disturbance direction determination module 602 is further configured to: when the power change value is negative, determine that the next disturbance direction is opposite to the current disturbance direction.

[0070] This application also provides an electronic device that integrates any of the maximum power point tracking devices provided in this application. The electronic device includes: One or more processors; Memory; and One or more applications, wherein the applications are stored in memory and configured to be executed by a processor from the steps of the maximum power point tracking method in any of the embodiments described above.

[0071] This application also provides a computer device that integrates any of the maximum power point tracking method apparatuses provided in this application. For example... Figure 6 As shown, it illustrates a structural schematic diagram of the computer device involved in the embodiments of this application, specifically: The computer device may include components such as a processor 801 with one or more processing cores, a memory 802 with one or more computer-readable storage media, a power supply 803, and an input unit 804. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 6 The computer device structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the computer device and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements. Wherein: The processor 801 is the control center of the computer device. It connects various parts of the computer device via various interfaces and lines. By running or executing software programs and / or modules stored in the memory 802, and by calling data stored in the memory 802, it performs various functions of the computer device and processes data, thereby providing overall monitoring of the computer device. Optionally, the processor 801 may include one or more processing cores; preferably, the processor 801 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly handles the operating system, user interface, and applications, and the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication. It is understood that the modem processor may not be integrated into the processor 801.

[0072] The memory 802 can be used to store software programs and modules. The processor 801 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and modules stored in the memory 802. The memory 802 may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system, application programs required for at least one function (such as sound playback function, image playback function, etc.), etc.; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the computer device, etc. In addition, the memory 802 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device. Accordingly, the memory 802 may also include a memory controller to provide the processor 801 with access to the memory 802.

[0073] The computer device also includes a power supply 803 that supplies power to the various components. Preferably, the power supply 803 can be logically connected to the processor 801 through a power management system, thereby enabling functions such as charging, discharging, and power consumption management through the power management system. The power supply 803 may also include one or more DC or AC power supplies, recharging systems, power fault detection circuits, power converters or inverters, power status indicators, and other arbitrary components.

[0074] The computer device may also include an input unit 804, which can be used to receive input digital or character information and generate keyboard, mouse, joystick, optical or trackball signal inputs related to user settings and function control.

[0075] Although not shown, the computer device may also include a display unit, etc., which will not be described in detail here. Specifically, in this embodiment, the processor 801 in the computer device loads the executable files corresponding to the processes of one or more application programs into the memory 802 according to the following instructions, and the processor 801 runs the application programs stored in the memory 802 to realize various functions and execute the steps in any of the maximum power point tracking methods provided in the embodiments of this application. For example: A perturbation is applied to the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell to obtain the power change value; The direction of the next disturbance is determined based on the power change value, and the next disturbance is applied based on the next disturbance direction. Obtain the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed in the same direction; When the number of disturbances exceeds the preset number, the direction of the disturbance is reversed.

[0076] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be performed by instructions, or by instructions controlling related hardware. These instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and loaded and executed by a processor.

[0077] Therefore, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium, which may include: read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, etc. A computer program is stored thereon, and the computer program is loaded by a processor to execute the steps in any of the maximum power point tracking methods provided in embodiments of this application. For example, the computer program loaded by the processor can execute the following steps: A perturbation is applied to the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell to obtain the power change value; The direction of the next disturbance is determined based on the power change value, and the next disturbance is applied based on the next disturbance direction. Obtain the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed in the same direction; When the number of disturbances exceeds the preset number, the direction of the disturbance is reversed.

[0078] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the detailed descriptions of other embodiments above, which will not be repeated here.

[0079] In practice, each of the above units or structures can be implemented as an independent entity or can be arbitrarily combined to be implemented as the same or several entities. For the specific implementation of each of the above units or structures, please refer to the previous method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0080] For details on the implementation of each of the above operations, please refer to the previous examples, which will not be repeated here.

[0081] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of a maximum power point tracking method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium provided in the embodiments of this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A maximum power point tracking method, characterized in that, The maximum power point tracking method includes: A perturbation is applied to the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell to obtain the power change value; The direction of the next disturbance is determined based on the power change value, and the next disturbance is applied based on the next disturbance direction. The number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed in the same direction is obtained; When the number of disturbances exceeds a preset number, the direction of the disturbance is reversed.

2. The maximum power point tracking method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the direction of the next disturbance based on the power change value includes: Obtain the current perturbation direction; When the power change value is positive, the direction of the next disturbance is determined to be the same as the current disturbance direction.

3. The maximum power point tracking method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The disturbance direction includes a first direction and a second direction; the first direction is the direction that increases the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell, and the second direction is the direction that decreases the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell.

4. The maximum power point tracking method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of controlling the perturbation direction to reverse when the number of perturbations exceeds a preset number includes: When the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed in the first direction is greater than the first preset number, the photovoltaic cell is controlled to be continuously disturbed in the second direction for a second preset number. Obtain the power change value of the last disturbance in the second preset number of continuous disturbances of the photovoltaic cell, and determine the direction of the next disturbance based on the power change value.

5. The maximum power point tracking method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of controlling the perturbation direction to reverse when the number of perturbations exceeds a preset number further includes: When the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed in the second direction is greater than the third preset number, the photovoltaic cell is controlled to be continuously disturbed in the first direction for a fourth preset number. The power change value of the last disturbance in the fourth preset number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed is obtained, and the direction of the next disturbance is determined based on the power change value.

6. The maximum power point tracking method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The perturbation applied to the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell includes: Obtain the preset voltage step size; The output voltage of the photovoltaic cell is perturbed in a first direction or a second direction based on the preset voltage step size.

7. The maximum power point tracking method according to claim 2, characterized in that, After the step of obtaining the current disturbance direction, the method further includes: When the power change value is negative, the direction of the next disturbance is determined to be opposite to the current disturbance direction.

8. A maximum power point tracking device, characterized in that, The device includes: The voltage disturbance module is used to apply a disturbance to the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell to obtain the power change value; The disturbance direction determination module is used to determine the next disturbance direction based on the power change value, and to apply the next disturbance based on the next disturbance direction. The disturbance count acquisition module is used to acquire the number of times the photovoltaic cell is continuously disturbed in the same direction; The disturbance reversal control module is used to control the disturbance direction to reverse when the number of disturbances exceeds a preset number.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: One or more processors; Memory; and One or more applications, wherein the one or more applications are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor to implement the maximum power point tracking method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores a computer program, which is loaded by a processor to perform the steps of the maximum power point tracking method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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