Wind turbine aerodynamic design method, system, device and medium

Abstract

The application provides a wind turbine aerodynamic design method, system, electronic equipment and storage medium, the method comprises the following steps: determining the first and second target wind wheels according to the structure type of the wind turbine; estimating the first wind sweeping area of the first target wind wheel based on the design input parameters; determining the macroscopic parameters including the blade length, rated speed and wind wheel distance based on the first wind sweeping area; iteratively calculating the aerodynamic performance of the two wind wheels and optimizing the aerodynamic design parameters by using an aerodynamic performance calculation model; evaluating whether the target design parameters meet the target power and rated wind speed, if yes, output the scheme, if not, increase the first wind sweeping area and re-execute the preparation step. The application can accurately represent the real flow characteristics and aerodynamic coupling effect under the double-wind-wheel tandem configuration through adaptive determination of the master and slave wind wheels and a closed-loop iterative optimization mechanism, thereby improving the design accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wind power generation technology, and in particular to an aerodynamic design method, system, equipment and medium for wind turbine generators. Background Technology

[0002] Tandem dual-rotor wind turbines are a new type of wind energy utilization equipment. By installing one wind turbine at the front and one at the rear of the nacelle, the downwind turbine can further utilize the wake wind energy of the upwind turbine, thereby improving the wind energy utilization efficiency of the entire wind turbine and reducing the overall wind energy utilization cost.

[0003] However, in related technologies, the aerodynamic design methods for wind turbines are mainly applicable to single-turbine units, and their theoretical models and design processes are all established around a single rotor. But for tandem twin-turbine units, there is a significant aerodynamic interference effect between the front and rear rotors. This is mainly manifested in the fact that the wake of the upwind rotor changes the inflow conditions of the leeward rotor, thus making the aerodynamic performance, stress state, and operating characteristics of the entire unit different from those of a single-turbine unit. Therefore, the structural design of tandem twin-turbine wind turbine units needs to consider the interaction between the front and rear rotors.

[0004] In this case, if the previous aerodynamic design method is still used, there will be a problem of insufficient applicability. It cannot accurately characterize the real flow characteristics and aerodynamic coupling effect under the dual-rotor tandem configuration, which can easily lead to large deviations in the design results and make it difficult to achieve a reasonable match of the aerodynamic parameters of the front and rear rotors. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an aerodynamic design method, system, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium for wind turbines to address the problem of insufficient applicability of aerodynamic design methods in related technologies. This allows for accurate characterization of the actual flow characteristics and aerodynamic coupling effects under a dual-rotor tandem configuration, thereby improving the accuracy of the design results.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an aerodynamic design method for a wind turbine, the method comprising: determining a first target wind turbine and a second target wind turbine based on the relative sizes of the diameters of the upwind and downwind wind turbines in the wind turbine; obtaining design input parameters of the wind turbine and estimating a first swept area of ​​the first target wind turbine based on the design input parameters; wherein the design input parameters include at least target power, rated wind speed, and air density; and determining macroscopic parameters of the wind turbine based on the first swept area; wherein the macroscopic parameters include the blade lengths of the first and second target wind turbines, rated rotational speeds, and the relative sizes of the first and second target wind turbines. The distance between the wind turbine rotors; the iterative steps, based on macroscopic parameters, use an aerodynamic performance calculation model to calculate the aerodynamic performance of the first and second target wind turbines, and iteratively optimize the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the first and second target wind turbines through parameterization until the aerodynamic design parameters of the first and second target wind turbines that meet the aerodynamic performance requirements are obtained; extract the macroscopic parameters and aerodynamic design parameters as target design parameters, and evaluate whether the target design parameters meet the target power and rated wind speed; if so, output the target design parameters as the aerodynamic design scheme of the wind turbine; if not, increase the first swept area and return to the proposed steps.

[0007] In one optional embodiment, determining a first target wind turbine and a second target wind turbine based on the relative size of the diameters of the upwind and downwind wind turbines in the wind turbine unit includes: determining the upwind wind turbine as the first target wind turbine and the downwind wind turbine as the second target wind turbine when the diameter of the upwind wind turbine is greater than or equal to the diameter of the downwind wind turbine.

[0008] In one optional embodiment, the iterative steps include: based on the blade length and rated speed of the first target wind turbine, using an aerodynamic performance calculation model to iteratively optimize the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the first target wind turbine until the aerodynamic performance index of the first target wind turbine converges, thereby obtaining the aerodynamic design parameters of the first target wind turbine; based on the aerodynamic design parameters of the first target wind turbine, the blade length of the second target wind turbine, the rated speed of the second target wind turbine, and the turbine spacing, using an aerodynamic performance calculation model to iteratively optimize the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the second target wind turbine until the aerodynamic performance index of the second target wind turbine converges, thereby obtaining the aerodynamic design parameters of the second target wind turbine.

[0009] In one optional embodiment, determining a first target wind turbine and a second target wind turbine based on the relative size of the diameters of the upwind and downwind wind turbines in the wind turbine unit includes: when the diameter of the upwind wind turbine is smaller than the diameter of the downwind wind turbine, determining the downwind wind turbine as the first target wind turbine and determining the upwind wind turbine as the second target wind turbine.

[0010] In one optional embodiment, the iterative steps include: based on the blade length of the first target wind turbine, the rated speed of the first target wind turbine, the blade length of the second target wind turbine, the rated speed of the second target wind turbine, and the wind turbine spacing, using an aerodynamic performance calculation model to perform coupled iterative optimization of the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine, until the comprehensive aerodynamic performance index of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine converges, thereby obtaining the aerodynamic design parameters of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine.

[0011] In one optional embodiment, the formulation steps include: determining the blade length of a first target wind turbine based on a first swept area, and determining the rated rotational speed of the first target wind turbine based on the blade length of the first target wind turbine; constructing a first parameter set and a second parameter set based on the blade length of the first target wind turbine; wherein the first parameter set includes several first characteristic values, and the maximum value among the several first characteristic values ​​is less than or equal to the blade length of the first target wind turbine; the second parameter set includes several second characteristic values, and the maximum value among the several second characteristic values ​​is less than or equal to the wind turbine diameter of the first target wind turbine; selecting one of the first characteristic values ​​in the first parameter set as the blade length of the second target wind turbine, and determining the rated rotational speed of the second target wind turbine based on the blade length of the second target wind turbine; and selecting one of the second characteristic values ​​in the second parameter set as the wind turbine spacing.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, extracting macroscopic parameters and aerodynamic design parameters as target design parameters further includes: performing a combined traversal of the first parameter set and the second parameter set to obtain several feature combinations including the blade length and rotor spacing of the second target wind turbine; setting several sets of macroscopic parameters based on the blade length of the first target wind turbine, the rated speed of the first target wind turbine, and each feature combination, and iteratively optimizing the several sets of macroscopic parameters through iterative steps to obtain several sets of aerodynamic design parameters of the first and second target wind turbines that meet the aerodynamic performance requirements; and extracting the aerodynamic design parameters with the optimal aerodynamic performance index and the corresponding macroscopic parameters as target design parameters.

[0013] In one optional embodiment, the aerodynamic performance calculation model includes blade element momentum theory and standard airfoil aerodynamic data. The aerodynamic performance of the first and second target wind turbines is calculated using the aerodynamic performance calculation model, including: calculating the aerodynamic performance of the upwind wind turbine of the first and second target wind turbines based on blade element momentum theory and standard airfoil aerodynamic data, determining the axial induction coefficient, tangential induction coefficient, and corresponding aerodynamic load parameters of the upwind wind turbine; and calculating the aerodynamic performance of the downwind wind turbine of the first and second target wind turbines based on blade element momentum theory, standard airfoil aerodynamic data, and interference factors, determining the axial induction coefficient, tangential induction coefficient, and corresponding aerodynamic load parameters of the downwind wind turbine; wherein the interference factors include at least one of wake loss coefficient, inflow velocity of the downwind wind turbine, and inflow angle of the downwind wind turbine.

[0014] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an aerodynamic design system for a wind turbine, the system comprising: a determining module, configured to determine a first target wind turbine and a second target wind turbine based on the relative sizes of the diameters of the upwind and downwind wind turbines in the wind turbine; an acquiring module, configured to acquire design input parameters of the wind turbine and estimate the first swept area of ​​the first target wind turbine based on the design input parameters; wherein the design input parameters include at least: target power, rated wind speed, and air density; and a formulating module, configured to determine macroscopic parameters of the wind turbine based on the first swept area; wherein the macroscopic parameters include the blade lengths and rated rotational speeds of the first and second target wind turbines, and the relative sizes of the diameters of the first and second target wind turbines. The system includes: a rotor spacing module; an iterative module, which calculates the aerodynamic performance of the first and second target wind turbines based on macroscopic parameters using an aerodynamic performance calculation model, and iteratively optimizes the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the first and second target wind turbines using a parameterized approach until the aerodynamic design parameters of the first and second target wind turbines that meet the aerodynamic performance requirements are obtained; and an optimization module, which extracts the macroscopic parameters and aerodynamic design parameters as target design parameters and evaluates whether the target design parameters meet the target power and rated wind speed. If so, the target design parameters are output as the aerodynamic design scheme of the wind turbine; if not, the first swept area is increased, and the proposed module updates the macroscopic parameters of the wind turbine.

[0015] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device, including: a processor; a memory for storing processor-executable instructions; wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions to implement the method of the first aspect.

[0016] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium that, when the instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are executed by a processor of an electronic device, enables the electronic device to perform the method of the first aspect.

[0017] In this embodiment, the first and second target wind turbines are determined by comparing the relative sizes of the upwind and downwind turbine diameters, enabling the design process to adapt to dual-turbine configurations with different diameter ratios. Based on this, the first swept area is estimated using the target power, rated wind speed, and air density. Macroscopic parameters, including blade length, rated rotational speed, and turbine spacing, are then formulated using this first swept area, providing a boundary basis for overall size calibration. Subsequently, an aerodynamic performance calculation model is used to perform parametric iterative design of the blade aerodynamic shape and number of blades for the two target wind turbines, ensuring that the geometry of the two target wind turbines matches the aerodynamic loads, resulting in target design parameters that meet aerodynamic performance requirements. Then, the target design parameters are evaluated to determine whether they meet the target power and rated wind speed. If not, the first swept area is increased, and the process returns to the formulation step to re-formulate the macroscopic parameters, thus executing the iterative design process again. Thus, the embodiments of this application form a closed-loop feedback mechanism of estimation-design-verification-correction, which enables unified analysis and design of two target wind turbines, solving the problem that traditional single wind turbine design methods are difficult to apply to tandem dual wind turbine units. At the same time, different design processes are adopted for different structural types of target wind turbines, which enhances the applicability of the method and helps to improve the rationality of the design results of tandem dual wind turbine units and their engineering application value.

[0018] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of the aerodynamic design method for wind turbine generators provided in this application embodiment; chord length distribution parameters, torsion angle distribution parameters, relative thickness distribution parameters, and pre-bending distribution parameters. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structural layout of the tandem twin-wind turbine unit provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a parameterized example diagram of the chord length distribution provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a parameterized example diagram of the torsion angle distribution provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a parameterized example diagram of the relative thickness distribution provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a parameterized example diagram of the pre-bending distribution provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 Based on Figure 1 The exemplary embodiment shown illustrates a flowchart of another aerodynamic design method for wind turbine generators. Figure 8 Based on Figure 1 The exemplary embodiment shown illustrates an iterative step flowchart of another wind turbine aerodynamic design method under the first structure type; Figure 9 Based on Figure 1 The exemplary embodiment shown illustrates a flowchart of the steps of another wind turbine aerodynamic design method; Figure 10 Based on Figure 1 The exemplary embodiment shown illustrates the iterative steps of another wind turbine aerodynamic design method under the second structure type. Figure 11 Based on Figure 1 The exemplary embodiment shown illustrates a flowchart of another aerodynamic design method for a wind turbine. Figure 12 Based on Figure 1 The exemplary embodiment shown illustrates a flowchart of another aerodynamic design method for a wind turbine. Figure 13 This is a flowchart illustrating the iterative steps of forward design under the first structural type provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 14 This is a flowchart illustrating the iterative steps of the embodiment of this application for coupled design under the second structure type; Figure 15 This is a structural block diagram of the aerodynamic design system for wind turbine generators provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and are not limited in number; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, the term "and / or" in the specification and claims is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. In the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more, and other quantifiers are similar.

[0022] In the current field of wind power technology, tandem dual-turbine turbines have attracted attention due to their ability to utilize wind energy more efficiently. However, the wake generated by the upwind turbine significantly alters the inflow conditions of the leeward turbine, leading to complex aerodynamic interference between the two turbines. Traditional design methods often design the two turbines independently or use a simple stacking approach, making it difficult to accurately quantify this aerodynamic coupling effect. This can easily result in the final design failing to simultaneously meet the target power and rated wind speed requirements, or causing overall low aerodynamic efficiency.

[0023] In response, Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of an aerodynamic design method for a wind turbine provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the method may include: Step S100: Determine the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine based on the relative sizes of the diameters of the upwind and downwind wind turbines in the wind turbine unit; Among them, such as Figure 2 As shown, the wind turbine facing the wind is the upwind turbine, and the wind turbine facing the leeward is the downwind turbine. The structural type of a tandem dual-turbine unit can be classified according to the relative dimensional relationship between the upwind and downwind turbines, which can be obtained by reading a preset configuration file or receiving user input commands. In this embodiment, the first target turbine is the master design turbine, and its design result will serve as the design input or coupling benchmark for the second target turbine; the second target turbine is the slave design turbine.

[0024] For example, when the diameter of the upwind rotor is greater than or equal to that of the downwind rotor, the reverse influence of the downwind blades on the upwind blades is relatively weak. Therefore, the upwind rotor is used as the main rotor, and its aerodynamic design is completed first. The design results of the upwind rotor are then used as input for the aerodynamic design of the downwind rotor. In this case, the structure type is defined as the first structure type, the upwind rotor is identified as the first target rotor, and the downwind rotor is identified as the second target rotor. Conversely, when the diameter of the upwind rotor is smaller than that of the downwind rotor, the upwind blades significantly affect the aerodynamic performance of the downwind blades. If the forward approach of designing the upwind rotor first and then the downwind rotor is still adopted, it is difficult to guarantee that the downwind rotor will achieve better results. In this case, the structure type is defined as the second structure type, the downwind rotor is identified as the first target rotor, and the upwind rotor is identified as the second target rotor. In this way, based on the structural type (i.e. the relative size of the diameter of the upwind rotor and the downwind rotor in the wind turbine), the roles of the master and slave rotors can be dynamically determined, and the optimal design strategy can be selected for different aerodynamic disturbance characteristics, laying the foundation for subsequent differentiated iterative calculations.

[0025] Step S200: Obtain the design input parameters of the wind turbine and estimate the first swept area of ​​the first target wind turbine based on the design input parameters; wherein, the design input parameters include: target power, rated wind speed and air density; The design input parameters are the initial boundary conditions for initiating the aerodynamic design. Target power can refer to the rated output power the unit needs to achieve; rated wind speed can refer to the minimum wind speed at which the unit reaches its rated power; air density can refer to the standard air density at the unit's installation location. The first swept area can refer to the area of ​​the circular region swept by the first target wind turbine when it rotates, which directly determines the turbine's ability to capture wind energy.

[0026] In some embodiments, the first swept area can be obtained by reverse calculation using Formula 1. Specifically, the first swept area can be estimated based on Formula 1. : Formula 1: ; In the formula, Target power; air density; Rated wind speed; The preset wind energy utilization rate is taken as a fixed value of 0.45; A is the first swept area to be determined. This step aims to provide a quantitative physical basis for subsequent determination of geometric dimensions such as blade length.

[0027] Step S300: Formulate steps to determine the macroscopic parameters of the wind turbine based on the first swept area; wherein, the macroscopic parameters include the blade length of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine, the rated speed, and the wind turbine spacing between the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine; Among them, macroscopic parameters are a set of variables describing the macroscopic geometric characteristics of a dual-rotor wind turbine unit. The rotor radius can refer to the distance from the center of the rotor hub to the blade tip, and its numerical value... It can be derived from the square root of the first swept area A. Correspondingly, the blade length can be obtained by subtracting the hub radius from the distance from the hub center to the blade tip. The rated speed refers to the maximum operating speed of the wind turbine. In this embodiment, the rated speed can be determined according to the blade tip speed limitation principle. That is, after determining the blade length of the corresponding target wind turbine, the blade tip speed is used as a constraint condition, limiting the blade tip speed to the range of 95 m / s to 100 m / s. The maximum speed calculated in this way is the rated speed of the corresponding target wind turbine. The turbine spacing can refer to the axial distance between the first and second target wind turbines. An initial value can be set, typically ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 times the blade length. For the blade length of the second target wind turbine, a value not greater than the blade length of the first target wind turbine can be selected as the initial value, and its rated speed is determined accordingly in conjunction with the aforementioned blade tip speed limitation principle. These macroscopic parameters together constitute the geometric model framework for aerodynamic performance calculation.

[0028] Step S400: Iterative step, based on macroscopic parameters, the aerodynamic performance of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine is calculated using an aerodynamic performance calculation model, and the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine are iteratively optimized in a parameterized manner until the aerodynamic design parameters of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine that meet the aerodynamic performance requirements are obtained. The aerodynamic performance calculation model is a mathematical model based on blade element-momentum theory (BEM) used to simulate the physical processes of wind flowing through dual wind turbines. Typically, based on design input parameters, macroscopic parameters, and aerodynamic data of a standard airfoil, an initial aerodynamic design parameter can be determined, and the aerodynamic performance calculation model can output aerodynamic performance indicators such as wind energy utilization efficiency and thrust coefficient.

[0029] Aerodynamic design parameters are variables that determine the microscopic aerodynamic characteristics of blades, including the blade's aerodynamic shape and the number of blades. For example... Figures 3 to 6As shown, based on the aerodynamic data and parameterization method of the standard airfoil, the specific aerodynamic shape of the blade that can be obtained includes chord length distribution parameters, twist angle distribution parameters, relative thickness distribution parameters, and pre-bending distribution parameters. The chord length distribution parameters include: blade root diameter C_root, maximum chord length C_max, spanwise position of the maximum chord length S_Cmax, chord length corresponding to 50% of the blade spanwise C_S50, and chord length corresponding to 100% of the blade tip spanwise C_S100. The relative thickness distribution parameters include: spanwise position S_Th60 of a 60% standard airfoil (airfoil with a relative thickness of 60%), spanwise position S_Th40 of a 40% standard airfoil, and spanwise position S_Th40 of a 30% standard airfoil. The spanwise position of the airfoil is S_Th30, the spanwise position of the 25% standard airfoil is S_Th25, the spanwise position of the 21% standard airfoil is S_Th21, and the relative thickness at the blade tip is Th_S100. Twist distribution parameters include: root twist angle TA_root, twist angle of the 40% standard airfoil (twist angle corresponding to the spanwise position of this standard airfoil) TA_Th40, twist angle of the 30% standard airfoil TA_Th30, twist angle of the 25% standard airfoil TA_Th25, twist angle of the 21% standard airfoil TA_Th21, and tip twist angle TA_S100. Pre-bending distribution parameters include: spanwise position where pre-bending begins S_SPb, and tip pre-bending value Pb_S100. The number of blades is set to at least two, such as 2, 3, 4, or more, typically 2 to 4. Correspondingly, the parameterization method refers to using the aforementioned aerodynamic design parameters, including the aerodynamic shape and number of blades, as optimization variables, and using optimization algorithms such as particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm, or traversal search to continuously adjust the values ​​of each aerodynamic design parameter under set constraints.

[0030] Based on this, the iterative calculation process of the aerodynamic performance calculation model in this embodiment is as follows: First, fix the macroscopic parameters, input the initial aerodynamic design parameters, and output aerodynamic performance indicators such as wind energy utilization efficiency Cp, wind turbine thrust T, wind turbine thrust coefficient Ct, blade root load (Mx, My, Mz), and blade tip speed ratio λ through the aerodynamic performance calculation model; then determine whether the aerodynamic performance indicators converge. If they do not converge, adjust the aerodynamic design parameters and calculate again until a set of aerodynamic design parameters that makes the aerodynamic performance indicators converge is found.

[0031] Understandably, during the optimization and iteration process, a lower limit can be preset for wind energy utilization efficiency. Then, when the wind energy utilization efficiency reaches the preset lower limit, the convergence of aerodynamic performance indicators can be defined based on whether the wind turbine thrust or blade root load approaches the minimum allowable value.

[0032] In some embodiments, for tandem dual-turbine units, the aerodynamic performance calculation of the leeward rotor needs to explicitly consider the aerodynamic interference caused by the upwind rotor. Typically, this interference manifests in four aspects: the overlap of the swept areas of the two rotors, the wake loss of the upwind rotor, the variation in the inflow velocity of the leeward rotor, and the variation in the leeward rotor's induction coefficient. Therefore, when calculating the aerodynamic performance of the leeward rotor, the accuracy of the aerodynamic performance calculation can be improved by considering factors such as the overlap of swept areas, wake loss, variation in inflow velocity, and variation in the induction coefficient.

[0033] Therefore, step S400, which involves calculating the aerodynamic performance of the first and second target wind turbines using an aerodynamic performance calculation model, includes: Based on blade element momentum theory and standard airfoil aerodynamic data, the aerodynamic performance of the upwind wind turbines of the first and second target wind turbines is calculated to determine the axial induction coefficient, tangential induction coefficient, and corresponding aerodynamic load parameters of the upwind wind turbines. Based on blade element momentum theory, standard airfoil aerodynamic data, and interference factors, the aerodynamic performance of the downwind wind turbines of the first and second target wind turbines is calculated to determine the axial induction coefficient, tangential induction coefficient, and corresponding aerodynamic load parameters of the downwind wind turbine. Among them, the interference factors include at least one of the wake loss coefficient, the inflow velocity of the downwind wind turbine, and the inflow angle of the downwind wind turbine.

[0034] In this way, the influence of interference factors on the aerodynamic performance of the downwind wind turbine can be fully considered on the standard calculation method of blade element momentum theory, realizing the iterative solution of the axial and tangential induction coefficients of the downwind wind turbine. Depending on whether the rotation directions of the downwind and upwind wind turbines are the same, the corresponding downwind wind turbine inflow angle expression is adopted. In addition, the flow velocity of the airflow before reaching the downwind wind turbine is corrected by the wake loss coefficient, thereby obtaining a more reasonable and accurate downwind blade aerodynamic performance.

[0035] For example, for an upwind wind turbine, multiple blade elements can be discretized along the span of the upwind blades. For each blade element, the local solidity, inflow angle, angle of attack, and lift / drag coefficients can be calculated, and the axial induction coefficient of the upwind wind turbine can be established simultaneously. and tangential induction coefficient The relationship is solved iteratively to obtain the induction factors for the position of each element of the wind turbine in the upwind direction.

[0036] Specifically, the induction coefficient of the upwind wind turbine can be established based on Formula 2: Formula 2: ; In the formula, The axial induction coefficient of the wind turbine in the upwind direction; The tangential induction coefficient is the coefficient of the wind turbine in the upwind direction. This refers to the local solidity of the upwind blades; The inflow angle of the wind turbine upwind; This is the axial force coefficient of the wind turbine in the upwind direction; This represents the tangential force coefficient of the wind turbine in the upwind direction.

[0037] Among them, the local solidity of the wind turbine in the upwind direction in Formula 2 It can be determined according to the following formula: (2-1) In the formula, For the number of leaves, The leaf chord length of the upwind leaf, Let be the radius of rotation of the leaf element.

[0038] Upwind wind turbine inlet angle in Formula 2 It can be determined according to the following formula: (2-2) In the formula, For incoming air velocity; The angular velocity of the wind turbine is the velocity of the wind turbine on the upwind side. The speed ratio of the blade element section in the upwind direction can be derived from the ratio of the rotational linear velocity of the upwind wind turbine to the incoming wind speed. ).

[0039] Upwind wind turbine axial force coefficient in Formula 2 Tangential force coefficient of the wind turbine upwind It can be determined according to the following formula: (2-3) In the formula, The lift coefficient of the leaf element in the upwind blade. The drag coefficient of the blade element in the upwind direction can be obtained from a table based on the angle of attack of the blade element; generally, the angle of attack of the blade element is equal to the angle of inflow. Subtract twist angle .

[0040] Thus, by substituting equations (2-1), (2-2), and (2-3) into formula 2, the axial induction coefficient of the wind turbine in the upwind direction can be obtained through iterative calculation. and tangential induction coefficient .

[0041] For downwind wind turbines, the blade element-momentum theory can be extended based on the overlap of the swept areas of the two turbines, the wake loss of the upwind turbine, the change in the inflow velocity of the downwind turbine, and the change in the axial induction coefficient of the downwind turbine, to realize the axial induction coefficient of the downwind turbine. and tangential induction coefficient The iterative solution is used, and the corresponding downwind inflow angle expression is adopted according to whether the downwind and upwind wind turbines rotate in the same direction. In addition, the flow velocity of the airflow before reaching the downwind wind turbine can be corrected by the wake loss coefficient, so as to obtain a more reasonable downwind blade aerodynamic performance.

[0042] Specifically, the induction coefficient of the leeward wind turbine can be established based on the formula for calculating the leeward wind turbine induction factor, i.e., Formula 3: Formula 3: ; In the formula, The axial induction coefficient of the downwind wind turbine; The tangential induction coefficient is the coefficient of the leeward wind turbine. The local solidity of the downwind blades is determined based on the number of downwind blades and the chord length of the blade elements, and is related to the aforementioned local solidity of the upwind rotor. The calculation method is the same; The inflow angle of the leeward wind turbine; The speed ratio of the leaf element section in the downwind blade; This represents the axial force coefficient of the downwind wind turbine; This represents the tangential force coefficient of the downwind wind turbine.

[0043] Wherein, when the downwind wind turbine rotates in the same direction as the upwind wind turbine, the inflow angle of the downwind wind turbine in Formula 3 is... It can be determined according to the following formula: (3-1) In the formula, The angle of the airflow after passing the wind turbine on the upwind side; The velocity of the airflow before it reaches the downwind wind turbine; The angular velocity of the downwind wind turbine; The velocity ratio of the blade element section in the downwind direction can be derived from the ratio of the rotational linear velocity of the downwind wind turbine to the airflow velocity before reaching the downwind wind turbine. ).

[0044] When the leeward wind turbine rotates in the opposite direction to the upwind wind turbine, the inflow angle of the leeward wind turbine in Formula 3... It can be determined according to the following formula: (3-2) The parameters in the formula have the same meaning as described above; among them, the angle of the airflow after passing the upwind wind turbine is... It can be determined according to the following formula: (3-3) Air velocity before reaching the downwind wind turbine It can be determined according to the following formula: (3-4) In the formula, This is the wake loss coefficient; the meanings of other parameters are the same as described above.

[0045] In this way, it can be based on the wake loss coefficient The velocity of the airflow before it reaches the downwind wind turbine Make corrections.

[0046] Downwind wind turbine axial force coefficient in Formula 3 Tangential force coefficient of the downwind wind turbine It can be determined according to the following formula: (3-5) In the formula, The lift coefficient of the leaf element in the downwind blade. The drag coefficient of the blade element in the downwind direction can also be obtained by looking up a table based on the angle of attack of the blade element; generally, the angle of attack of the blade element is equal to the angle of inflow. Subtract twist angle .

[0047] Thus, the leeward wind turbine inflow angle can be obtained by selecting formula (3-1) or (3-2) based on the leeward wind turbine rotation direction. By combining equations (3-3) to (3-5) to formula 3, the axial induction coefficient of the downwind wind turbine can be obtained through iterative calculation. and tangential induction coefficient .

[0048] Finally, for the wind turbine in the upwind direction, its axial induction coefficient is calculated. Tangential induction coefficient And the corresponding blade element aerodynamic load; for downwind rotors, the axial induction coefficient is calculated based on the consideration of swept area overlap, wake loss, inflow velocity variation and induction coefficient variation. Tangential induction coefficient And the corresponding blade element aerodynamic loads. By integrating (accumulating) the thrust and torque of each blade element of the dual wind turbine, the comprehensive power coefficient, thrust coefficient, and load index of the dual wind turbine can be obtained.

[0049] Specifically, the upwind wind turbine thrust coefficient and power coefficient can be established based on Formula 4: Formula 4: ; In the formula, The thrust coefficient of the wind turbine in the upwind direction; The power coefficient of the wind turbine in the upwind direction; This represents the projected area of ​​the two impellers in the direction of the incoming flow; This represents the swept area of ​​the wind turbine upwind; the meanings of the other parameters are the same as described above.

[0050] Meanwhile, the aerodynamic loads on the blade elements of the upwind wind turbine can be established based on Formula 5: Formula 5: ; In the formula, The leaf element thrust of the upwind blades; The blade element torque is the torque of the upwind blade; The inflow velocity of leaf element in the upwind blades; This represents air density; the meanings of the other parameters are the same as described above.

[0051] The leaf element inflow velocity of the upwind blade in Formula 5 It can be determined according to the following formula: (5-1) In the formula, the meanings of each parameter are the same as those described above.

[0052] Thus, by combining formulas 4 and 5 and substituting them into formula (5-1) into formula 5, we can obtain the power coefficient, thrust coefficient, and aerodynamic load on the blade element of the wind turbine. Furthermore, we can integrate (accumulate) to obtain the aerodynamic load index of the wind turbine blade.

[0053] Similarly, the downwind wind turbine thrust coefficient and power coefficient can be established based on the downwind wind turbine correction coefficient calculation formula, i.e., Formula 6: Formula 6: ; In the formula, This represents the thrust coefficient of the downwind wind turbine. The power coefficient of the downwind wind turbine; This represents the swept area of ​​the downwind wind turbine; the meanings of the other parameters are the same as described above.

[0054] Among them, the wake loss coefficient in Formula 6 It can be determined according to the following formula: (6-1) In the formula, The radius of the wind turbine is located upwind. The wake diffusion coefficient is typically taken as 0.015 to 0.05. This refers to the spacing between the wind turbine rotors; The swept area is the area of ​​the two overlapping rotors; This represents the swept area of ​​the downwind wind turbine; the meanings of the other parameters are the same as described above.

[0055] Meanwhile, the aerodynamic load on the blade element of the downwind wind turbine can be established based on the aerodynamic load calculation formula for the downwind wind turbine blade element, i.e., Formula 7: Formula 7: ; In the formula, The leaf element thrust of the downwind blade; The blade element torque is for the downwind blade; The inflow velocity of leaf element in the downwind blades; This represents the leaf element chord length of the downwind blade; the meanings of the other parameters are the same as described above.

[0056] Wherein, when the leeward wind turbine rotates in the same direction as the upwind wind turbine, the blade element inflow velocity of the leeward blade in Formula 7 is... It can be determined according to the following formula: (7-1) In the formula, the meanings of each parameter are the same as those described above.

[0057] When the leeward wind turbine rotates in the opposite direction to the upwind wind turbine, the blade element inflow velocity of the leeward blade in Formula 7... It can be determined according to the following formula: (7-2) In the formula, the meanings of each parameter are the same as those described above.

[0058] Thus, by substituting equations (6-1) into formula 6, the inflow velocity of the blade elements in the downwind direction can be obtained by selecting either equation (7-1) or (7-2) based on the rotation direction of the downwind wind turbine. Substituting these values ​​into Formula 7, and combining them with Formulas 6 and 7, we can obtain the power coefficient, thrust coefficient, and aerodynamic load on the blade element of the downwind rotor. Furthermore, we can integrate (accumulate) to obtain the aerodynamic load index on the downwind rotor blade.

[0059] Understandably, the aerodynamic performance calculation model can be constructed based on the above formulas 2-7. By integrating (accumulating) the thrust and torque of each blade element of the dual wind turbine, the comprehensive power coefficient, thrust coefficient, and load index of the dual wind turbine can be obtained.

[0060] Step S500: Extract macroscopic parameters and aerodynamic design parameters as target design parameters, and evaluate whether the target design parameters meet the target power and rated wind speed; if so, output the target design parameters as the aerodynamic design scheme of the tandem dual wind turbine unit; if not, increase the first swept area and return to the proposed step S300.

[0061] The target design parameters are a complete set of design schemes formed through iterative optimization, including the macroscopic and aerodynamic design parameters determined for both the first and second target wind turbines. The evaluation process involves calculating the actual output power of the tandem twin-turbine unit at rated wind speed based on the target design parameters and comparing it to the aforementioned target power. If the actual output power is greater than or equal to the target power, and other constraints (such as load limitations) are met, the scheme is deemed satisfactory, and the final aerodynamic design scheme is directly output. If the actual output power is less than the target power, it indicates that the current swept area is insufficient to capture enough energy. In this case, a feedback correction mechanism is executed, increasing the value of the first swept area by a preset step size (e.g., 5%), and the predetermined steps are retried to re-determine macroscopic parameters, iteratively optimize, and evaluate until the updated target design parameters meet the evaluation requirements. Specifically, the output aerodynamic design parameters will be directly used to guide subsequent wind turbine manufacturing and assembly, ensuring that the twin-turbine unit achieves the optimal aerodynamic layout at the target power and rated wind speed. This step, through a global optimization strategy, balances the wake effect of the upwind wind turbine with the energy capture capability of the downwind wind turbine, effectively reducing the risk of extreme loads and improving the overall energy utilization rate in high-density deployment scenarios.

[0062] In summary, this application achieves a systematic design of the aerodynamic layout of a tandem dual-rotor unit through the synergistic effect of the aforementioned technical features, enabling the design process to adapt to dual-rotor configurations with different diameter ratios. Based on this, the first swept area is estimated using the target power, rated wind speed, and air density, and macroscopic parameters, including blade length, rated speed, and rotor spacing, are determined using this first swept area, providing a boundary basis for overall size calibration. Furthermore, an aerodynamic performance calculation model is used to perform parametric iterative design of the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the two target rotors, ensuring that the geometry of the two target rotors matches the aerodynamic loads, resulting in target design parameters that meet aerodynamic performance requirements. Subsequently, the target design parameters are evaluated to determine whether they meet the target power and rated wind speed; if not, the first swept area is increased, and the process returns to the determination step to re-determine the macroscopic parameters, thus executing the iterative design process again. Thus, the embodiments of this application form a closed-loop feedback mechanism of estimation-design-verification-correction, which enables the two target wind turbines to be analyzed and designed as a coupled system in a unified manner, solving the problem that the traditional single wind turbine design method is difficult to apply to tandem dual wind turbine units. At the same time, different design processes are adopted for different structural types of target wind turbines, which enhances the applicability of the method and helps to improve the rationality of the design results of tandem dual wind turbine units and their engineering application value.

[0063] In some embodiments, how to determine the target wind turbine based on a first structural type is described in detail. See also Figure 7 This design method is applicable to, for example Figure 1S100 shown includes S110, as detailed below: Step S110: If the diameter of the wind turbine in the upwind direction is greater than or equal to the diameter of the wind turbine in the leeward direction, determine the wind turbine in the upwind direction as the first target wind turbine and determine the wind turbine in the leeward direction as the second target wind turbine.

[0064] The first structural type can refer to a tandem twin-turbine unit where the diameter of the upwind rotor is greater than or equal to that of the downwind rotor. The upwind rotor is located in front of the incoming airflow and is the first to contact the undisturbed airflow; the downwind rotor is located behind the upwind rotor and within its wake field. Based on the principle of asymmetric aerodynamic interference, when the upwind rotor has a larger diameter, the downwind rotor is completely or partially located within the wake region of the upwind rotor. The aerodynamic state of the upwind rotor has a dominant influence on the downwind rotor, while the reverse aerodynamic feedback from the downwind rotor to the upwind rotor is relatively weak. Therefore, when the unit structure is determined to belong to the first structural type, the upwind rotor is established as the primary target rotor. The macroscopic parameters of the upwind rotor can be used as input conditions for subsequent design, or the iterative convergence of the blade aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the upwind rotor can be prioritized. By prioritizing the solidification of the aerodynamic characteristics of the upwind rotor, which is less affected by the wake, accurate and stable inflow boundary conditions are provided for the subsequent design of the downwind rotor. This effectively reduces the coupling complexity of the overall aerodynamic design of the dual-rotor system and ensures that the final aerodynamic layout scheme meets the target power while having better anti-interference performance.

[0065] Specifically, such as Figure 13 As shown in the diagram, this figure details the logical flow of the iterative steps under the first structure type. It clearly indicates that starting from the structure type judgment node, when the upwind diameter is greater than or equal to the downwind diameter, the process points to the execution path of setting the upwind rotor as the first target rotor, and then enters an independent forward design loop. At this point, the design method determines the upwind rotor as the first target rotor, first calculating its chord length distribution, twist angle distribution, and pre-bending distribution, etc., until its wind energy utilization coefficient Cp and thrust coefficient Ct reach the convergence criteria. Subsequently, the converged upwind rotor parameters are used as fixed boundary conditions to initiate the optimization design of the downwind rotor (i.e., the second target rotor). This avoids the design oscillation of the upwind rotor caused by the undetermined downwind rotor parameters in the preliminary design stage, significantly improving the stability of the large-diameter main rotor design. Furthermore, it fully utilizes the characteristic of the large-diameter upwind rotor to capture the main wind energy, ensuring the maximum aerodynamic efficiency of the overall unit in complex wake environments.

[0066] Furthermore, an iterative step for forward design is provided when the structure type is the first structure type. See also... Figure 8This design method is applicable to, for example Figure 1 The S400 shown includes S410-S420, as detailed below: Step S410: Based on the blade length and rated speed of the first target wind turbine, the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the first target wind turbine are iteratively optimized using an aerodynamic performance calculation model until the aerodynamic performance index of the first target wind turbine converges, and the aerodynamic design parameters of the first target wind turbine are obtained. In this embodiment, the first target wind turbine is the upwind wind turbine. This step aims to use an aerodynamic performance calculation model to find the optimal aerodynamic design parameters of the first target wind turbine, given that its macroscopic parameters are fixed. Specifically, as follows... Figure 13 As shown, the aerodynamic performance calculation model is built based on blade element-momentum theory. During the iteration process, the model calculates the axial and tangential induction coefficients of the first target wind turbine based on the current blade aerodynamic shape and number of blades. This allows for the calculation of aerodynamic performance indicators such as wind energy utilization efficiency, thrust coefficient, and blade root load (refer to formulas 2, 4, and 5). Then, by employing optimization algorithms such as ergonomics, particle swarm optimization, or genetic algorithms, the model continuously adjusts the characteristic values ​​of the blade aerodynamic shape (e.g., the position of the maximum chord length, the spanwise position of a specific airfoil, etc.) and the number of blades. This iteratively optimizes the calculated aerodynamic performance indicators of the first target wind turbine until they approach a preset convergence condition: that is, the wind energy utilization efficiency is not lower than a preset value, and the wind turbine thrust and blade root load maintain a trend of no further decrease. At this point, the change in the results of at least two adjacent iterations is less than a preset threshold, indicating convergence. For example, a lower limit for wind energy utilization efficiency can be set, and convergence can be determined when the fluctuation range of the wind turbine thrust or blade root load is less than 0.1% within five consecutive iterations. At this point, the aerodynamic design parameters of the first target wind turbine that meet the aerodynamic performance requirements are obtained. The aerodynamic shape of the blades in these aerodynamic design parameters is described in a parametric manner. The output includes at least the aforementioned chord length distribution parameters, twist angle distribution parameters, relative thickness distribution parameters, and pre-bending distribution parameters of the blades, as well as the number of blades of the first target wind turbine (i.e., the total number of blades constituting the first target wind turbine). These parameters are extracted as the target design parameters of the first target wind turbine. At the same time, they also serve as input data for optimizing and iterating the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the second target wind turbine.

[0067] This independent optimization strategy first determines the optimal geometry of the upwind wind turbine, enabling it to capture maximum wind energy and generate a stable wake field at a given rotational speed. The state of this wake field (including velocity deficit and rotational components) will serve as the input boundary conditions for the subsequent downwind wind turbine design, thus ensuring the logical correctness of the entire design process.

[0068] Step S420: Based on the aerodynamic design parameters of the first target wind turbine, the blade length of the second target wind turbine, the rated speed of the second target wind turbine, and the turbine spacing, the aerodynamic performance calculation model is used to iteratively optimize the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the second target wind turbine until the aerodynamic performance index of the second target wind turbine converges, thus obtaining the aerodynamic design parameters of the second target wind turbine.

[0069] In this embodiment, the second target wind turbine is the leeward wind turbine. This step is a secondary optimization based on the already determined aerodynamic design parameters of the first target wind turbine. Due to the presence of the upwind wind turbine, the airflow passing through the leeward wind turbine is no longer a uniform inflow, but a wake after the upwind wind turbine has done work, resulting in a reduced wind speed and a rotational component. Therefore, the aerodynamic performance calculation model in this step needs to incorporate the aerodynamic design parameters of the first target wind turbine as a prerequisite when calculating the aerodynamic performance of the second target wind turbine. Specifically, this includes calculating the wake loss coefficient using the induction coefficient of the first target wind turbine and correcting the inflow velocity and inflow angle of the leeward wind turbine. Under this constraint, the axial and tangential induction coefficients of the second target wind turbine are calculated, and then the aerodynamic performance indicators such as wind energy utilization efficiency, thrust coefficient, and blade root load of the second target wind turbine are solved (refer to formulas 3, 6, and 7). Similarly, by using optimization algorithms such as ergodic, particle swarm optimization, or genetic algorithms, the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the second target wind turbine are iteratively optimized until its aerodynamic performance indicators (such as wind energy utilization efficiency and thrust load of the downwind wind turbine) converge, and the convergence condition is the same as described above. At this point, the aerodynamic design parameters of the second target wind turbine that meet the aerodynamic performance requirements are obtained. The aerodynamic shape of the blades in these aerodynamic design parameters is described in a parameterized manner, and the output includes at least the aforementioned chord length distribution parameters, twist angle distribution parameters, relative thickness distribution parameters, and pre-bending distribution parameters of the blade aerodynamic shape. At the same time, the number of blades of the second target wind turbine (i.e., the total number of blades constituting the second target wind turbine) is output and extracted as the target design parameters of the second target wind turbine.

[0070] In this way, through the above-mentioned step-by-step iterative decoupling design method, the forward design of the aerodynamic layout of the tandem dual-wind turbine unit based on the first structural type was realized. This not only significantly reduced the complexity of multivariate coupling optimization and reduced the consumption of computing resources, ensuring that both wind turbines reached the optimal or suboptimal state of aerodynamic performance under their respective constraints, but also fully considered the aerodynamic interference effect between the upstream and downstream wind turbines, effectively suppressing the performance fluctuations caused by wake superposition. This enabled the aerodynamic design parameters of the final second target wind turbine to adapt to the real operating environment, significantly improving the overall aerodynamic performance of the dual-wind turbine unit.

[0071] In some embodiments, how to determine the target wind turbine based on a second structural type is described in detail. See also Figure 9 This design method is applicable to, for example Figure 1 S100 shown includes S120, as detailed below: Step S120: When the diameter of the wind turbine in the upwind direction is smaller than that in the downwind direction, determine the downwind wind turbine as the first target wind turbine and determine the wind turbine in the upwind direction as the second target wind turbine.

[0072] The second structural type can refer to a specific layout in a tandem twin-rotor turbine where the diameter of the upwind rotor is smaller than that of the downwind rotor. In this layout, the downwind rotor has a larger swept area and bears a heavier energy conversion burden, making it the core component for the turbine's power output. Therefore, when the turbine's structural type is determined to be the second structural type, the downwind rotor is established as the primary target rotor. This allows the macroscopic parameters of the downwind rotor to serve as the main input conditions for subsequent design, or iterative convergence of the downwind rotor's blade aerodynamic shape and number of blades can be prioritized, thus giving the main energy-capturing component (i.e., the large-diameter downwind rotor) a higher design weight.

[0073] Specifically, such as Figure 14 As shown in the diagram, this illustration details the logical flow of the iterative steps under the second structure type. It clearly indicates that starting from the structure type judgment node, when the condition that the upwind diameter is smaller than the downwind diameter is met, the process points to the execution path that sets the downwind rotor as the first target rotor, thus entering an independent coupled design loop. This ensures the design priority of high-load rotors and effectively avoids the main rotor design inaccuracies caused by using the conventional forward design sequence when the small upwind rotor severely interferes with the flow field of the large downwind rotor.

[0074] Furthermore, an iterative step for coupled design is provided when the structure type is the second structure type. See also... Figure 10 This design method is applicable to, for example Figure 1 The S400 shown includes S430, as detailed below: Step S430: Based on the blade length of the first target wind turbine, the rated speed of the first target wind turbine, the blade length of the second target wind turbine, the rated speed of the second target wind turbine, and the turbine spacing, the aerodynamic performance calculation model is used to perform coupled iterative optimization of the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the first and second target wind turbines until the comprehensive aerodynamic performance index of the first and second target wind turbines converges, thus obtaining the aerodynamic design parameters of the first and second target wind turbines.

[0075] In this embodiment, the first target wind turbine is a downwind turbine, and the second target wind turbine is an upwind turbine. Since the downwind turbine is the main turbine, and the upwind blades significantly affect the aerodynamic performance of the downwind blades, if the forward design approach of first designing the upwind turbine and then the downwind turbine is still used, it is difficult to guarantee that the downwind turbine will achieve optimal results. Therefore, a coupled design process involving both upwind and downwind turbines is adopted. The first and second target turbines in the coupled iterative optimization process are considered as a single system. The design variables of both turbines are updated simultaneously in each iteration, and the combined performance index of the two turbines is used as the criterion for convergence of the optimization iteration. That is, the two turbines do not need to reach their individual optimality; only the overall performance after coupling needs to reach an optimal or stable state.

[0076] Specifically, such as Figure 14 As shown, the aerodynamic performance calculation model is constructed based on blade element-momentum theory. During the iteration process, the aerodynamic interference effect of the upwind rotor on the downwind rotor is considered. Specifically, this includes the calculation of the overlapping area of ​​the swept area, the wake loss coefficient generated by the upwind rotor, the attenuation and deflection changes of the inflow velocity of the downwind rotor, and the coupling correction of the induction coefficient. First, the axial and tangential induction coefficients of the upwind rotor are calculated, and then the angle change of the airflow after passing the upwind rotor and the velocity before reaching the downwind rotor are derived. Subsequently, based on the corrected inflow conditions, when calculating the inflow angle of the downwind rotor, if the two rotors rotate in the same direction, the tangent value of the inflow angle is determined according to the superposition relationship between the upwind wake rotation component and the downwind rotation speed; if the rotation directions are opposite, it is determined according to the subtraction relationship between the two. Thus, the induction coefficient and aerodynamic load of the downwind rotor are calculated. Then, by simultaneously solving the thrust coefficient and power coefficient equations, which include the wake loss coefficient, the comprehensive aerodynamic performance index of the dual-rotor system under the current design parameters is obtained in real time (refer to Formula 2-7). Finally, by employing optimization algorithms such as ergodic, particle swarm optimization, or genetic algorithms, the characteristic values ​​of the blade aerodynamic shape (such as the position of the maximum chord length, the spanwise position of a specific airfoil, etc.) and the number of blades are continuously adjusted, so that the calculated comprehensive aerodynamic performance index of the first and second target wind turbines is iteratively optimized until it approaches the preset convergence condition. At this point, the aerodynamic design parameters of the first and second target wind turbines that meet the aerodynamic performance requirements are obtained. The blade aerodynamic shape in these aerodynamic design parameters is described in a parameterized manner, and the output includes at least the aforementioned chord length distribution parameters, twist angle distribution parameters, relative thickness distribution parameters, and pre-bending distribution parameters of the blades of the first and second target wind turbines, as well as the number of blades of the first and second target wind turbines, which are extracted as the target design parameters of the first and second target wind turbines.

[0077] Understandably, the comprehensive aerodynamic performance index, used as a convergence criterion for determining whether the iteration terminates, includes, but is not limited to, a weighted combination of parameters such as the total wind energy utilization efficiency, overall thrust coefficient, blade root load extremum, and blade tip speed ratio of the dual-rotor system. Iteration reaching convergence can mean that the change in the comprehensive aerodynamic performance index is less than a preset threshold in multiple consecutive iterations, or that the objective function (such as maximizing the total power coefficient while satisfying load constraints) reaches a stable state.

[0078] In this way, through the above-mentioned coupled iterative optimization design method, the coupled design of the aerodynamic layout of the tandem dual wind turbine based on the second structural type was realized. This allows the design parameters of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine to feed back to each other and adjust synchronously during the iteration process, balancing the wake effect of the upwind wind turbine and the energy capture capability of the downwind wind turbine. At the same time, it ensures that the final aerodynamic design parameters are not the local optimum of a single wind turbine, but the global optimum configuration of the dual wind turbine system, avoiding the extreme load risk caused by local optimum solutions.

[0079] In some embodiments, a detailed description is provided of how macroscopic parameters are determined based on a first swept area. See also... Figure 11 This design method is applicable to, for example Figure 1 The S300 shown includes S310-S340, as detailed below: S310: Based on the first swept area, determine the blade length of the first target wind turbine, and determine the rated speed of the first target wind turbine according to the blade length of the first target wind turbine; The first swept area refers to the projected area of ​​the first target wind turbine on the plane of rotation, and its value is derived from the estimation results obtained in the above embodiment based on the target power, rated wind speed, and air density (refer to Formula 1). Correspondingly, the blade length of the first target wind turbine can be obtained by subtracting the hub radius from the turbine radius, and the turbine radius can be derived by taking the square root of the first swept area A. The rated speed of the first target wind turbine can refer to the maximum speed at which the first target wind turbine operates stably. Its function is to match the tip speed limit to ensure aerodynamic efficiency and structural safety. In this embodiment, the rated speed of the first target wind turbine can be determined based on the blade length of the first target wind turbine. Based on the tip speed limit principle, the tip speed is limited to the range of 95m / s to 100m / s, and then calculated by dividing the limited tip speed by the blade length of the first target wind turbine.

[0080] S320: Based on the blade length of the first target wind turbine, construct a first parameter set and a second parameter set; wherein, the first parameter set includes several first characteristic values, and the maximum value among the several first characteristic values ​​is less than or equal to the blade length of the first target wind turbine; the second parameter set includes several second characteristic values, and the maximum value among the several second characteristic values ​​is less than or equal to the wind turbine diameter of the first target wind turbine; The first parameter set is a set of values ​​for the blade lengths of candidate second target wind turbines, and the second parameter set is a set of values ​​for the spacing between candidate wind turbines. These two sets are constructed based on the blade length of the first target wind turbine, and their purpose is to provide a structured search space for subsequent parameter optimization. Several first characteristic values ​​in the first parameter set represent different candidate blade lengths for subordinate wind turbines, and several second characteristic values ​​in the second parameter set represent different candidate axial spacing values. Typically, the first target wind turbine is the main turbine, and the second target wind turbine is the subordinate turbine. Therefore, when setting these characteristic values, certain constraints must be followed: the maximum value of all characteristic values ​​in the first parameter set must be less than or equal to the blade length of the first target wind turbine, and the maximum value of all characteristic values ​​in the second parameter set must be less than or equal to the diameter of the first target wind turbine. For example, if the blade length of the first target wind turbine is 80 meters, then the first parameter set can be constructed as {60m, 65m, 70m, 75m, 80m}, ensuring that the size of any selected subordinate wind turbine will not exceed the size of the main turbine. Typically, the rotor spacing ranges from 0.1 to 0.3 times the blade length. In this case, the second parameter set can be constructed as {8m, 12m, 16m, 20m, 24m}, thereby avoiding excessive wake interference or structural interference problems.

[0081] S330: Select one of the first characteristic values ​​in the first parameter set as the blade length of the second target wind turbine, and determine the rated speed of the second target wind turbine based on the blade length of the second target wind turbine; The blade length of the second target wind turbine is a specific first characteristic value selected from the first parameter set, used to define the geometric dimensions of the subordinate wind turbine. The selection process can be random or a preliminary selection based on some heuristic rule. The rated speed of the second target wind turbine is determined based on the selected blade length, using the same tip speed limitation method, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0082] S340: Select one of the second characteristic values ​​from the second parameter set as the wind turbine spacing.

[0083] Among them, the turbine spacing is a key macroscopic parameter affecting the degree of wake interference of dual wind turbines. This parameter is directly derived from a specific second characteristic value selected from the second parameter set. The selection process can be random or preliminary selection based on some heuristic rule.

[0084] In this way, through the above steps, the preliminary determination of all key macroscopic parameters of the tandem twin-rotor unit (including the blade length, rated speed and rotor spacing of the two rotors) was completed, providing a clear input basis for detailed aerodynamic performance iterative calculations and geometric design in subsequent steps.

[0085] In some embodiments, how to extract macroscopic parameters and aerodynamic design parameters as target design parameters is described in detail. See also... Figure 12 This design method is applicable to, for example Figure 1 The S500 shown includes S510-S530, as detailed below: S510: Perform a combined traversal of the first parameter set and the second parameter set to obtain several feature combinations including the blade length and wind turbine spacing of the second target wind turbine; The first parameter set and the second parameter set are candidate value sets constructed based on the aforementioned embodiments. The first parameter set contains several first feature values, each representing a potential value for the length of the second target wind turbine blade; the second parameter set contains several second feature values, each representing a potential value for the distance between the first and second target wind turbines. Combinatorial traversal can refer to pairing each feature value in the first parameter set with each feature value in the second parameter set to generate several feature combinations.

[0086] S520: Based on the blade length of the first target wind turbine, the rated speed of the first target wind turbine, and each feature combination, several sets of macroscopic parameters are set, and the several sets of macroscopic parameters are iteratively optimized through iterative steps to obtain several sets of aerodynamic design parameters of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine that meet the aerodynamic performance requirements. For each set of features generated above, the second target wind turbine blade length and turbine spacing, together with the determined first target wind turbine blade length and rated speed, constitute a complete set of macroscopic parameters. For each of these sets of macroscopic parameters, the iterative steps mentioned in the previous embodiments are executed independently (the specific iterative steps are determined based on the wind turbine's structural type). In each iteration, using an aerodynamic performance calculation model, the current macroscopic parameters are fixed, and the aerodynamic shape (such as chord length distribution, twist angle distribution, etc.) and number of blades of the first and second target wind turbines are iteratively optimized until the aerodynamic performance indicators converge. Thus, each set of macroscopic parameters will generate a set of optimized aerodynamic design parameters.

[0087] Understandably, since the aerodynamic performance calculations for the downwind wind turbine need to be corrected based on the aerodynamic design parameters of the upwind wind turbine, therefore: When the structure type is the first structure type (i.e., the diameter of the upwind wind turbine is greater than or equal to the diameter of the downwind wind turbine), the first target wind turbine is the upwind wind turbine and the second target wind turbine is the downwind wind turbine. In this case, since the blade length and rated speed of the first target wind turbine (i.e., the upwind wind turbine) are constant, the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the first target wind turbine are also constant. Therefore, iterative optimization of the second target wind turbine is only required to obtain several sets of aerodynamic design parameters of the first and second target wind turbines that meet the aerodynamic performance requirements.

[0088] When the structure type is the second structure type (i.e., the diameter of the upwind wind turbine is smaller than that of the downwind wind turbine), the first target wind turbine is the downwind wind turbine and the second target wind turbine is the upwind wind turbine. In this case, since the blade length and rated speed of the second target wind turbine (i.e., the upwind wind turbine) will change based on each combination of features, it is necessary to repeatedly perform coupled iterative optimization on the first and second target wind turbines to obtain several sets of aerodynamic design parameters for the first and second target wind turbines that meet the aerodynamic performance requirements.

[0089] S530: Extract the optimal aerodynamic design parameters and corresponding macroscopic parameters as target design parameters.

[0090] After iterative optimization of all feature combinations, several sets of candidate target design parameters will be obtained. Each set of parameters includes corresponding macroscopic parameters and aerodynamic design parameters, and is associated with calculated aerodynamic performance indicators. The extraction process involves comparing the aerodynamic performance indicator values ​​of all candidate sets and selecting the set of parameters with the optimal indicator values ​​(e.g., the highest power coefficient or the highest overall efficiency) as the final determined target design parameters (see reference). Figure 13 and Figure 14 The convergence steps shown represent the optimal aerodynamic layout for a tandem twin-turbine unit under the current design input conditions.

[0091] In this way, by systematically exploring the design space of the second target wind turbine blade length and wind turbine spacing through the combined traversal of the first and second parameter sets, the shortcomings of traditional design, which may lead to getting trapped in local optima due to relying on experience to select a single initial value, are overcome. On this basis, combined with refined iterative optimization for each set of structural parameters, the optimal micro-geometry can be obtained at every macroscopic structural point. Finally, by comparing the global performance indicators of each set, the optimal solution is accurately locked, which effectively improves the upper limit of aerodynamic performance and design robustness of the tandem twin wind turbine unit, enabling it to better adapt to design requirements under different environmental conditions.

[0092] Figure 15 This is a structural block diagram of a wind turbine aerodynamic design system according to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to... Figure 15 This invention provides a wind turbine aerodynamic design system 600, comprising: The determining module 601 is used to determine the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine based on the relative size of the diameters of the upwind wind turbine and the downwind wind turbine in the wind turbine unit. The acquisition module 602 is used to acquire the design input parameters of the wind turbine and estimate the first swept area of ​​the first target wind turbine based on the design input parameters; wherein, the design input parameters include at least: target power, rated wind speed and air density; The planning module 603 is used to determine the macroscopic parameters of the wind turbine based on the first swept area; wherein, the macroscopic parameters include the blade length, rated speed, and rotor spacing between the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine. The iteration module 604 is used to calculate the aerodynamic performance of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine based on macroscopic parameters and an aerodynamic performance calculation model. It also uses a parameterized approach to iteratively optimize the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine until the aerodynamic design parameters of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine that meet the aerodynamic performance requirements are obtained. The optimization module 605 is used to extract macroscopic parameters and aerodynamic design parameters as target design parameters, and evaluate whether the target design parameters meet the target power and rated wind speed. If so, the target design parameters are output as the aerodynamic design scheme of the wind turbine. If not, the first swept area is increased, and the proposed module is selected to update the macroscopic parameters of the wind turbine, so as to execute the iterative design process of the proposed steps and iterative steps again.

[0093] As the system implementation is basically similar to the method implementation, it is described in a relatively simple way. For relevant details, please refer to the description of the method implementation.

[0094] This invention also provides an electronic device, including: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the various processes of the above-described wind turbine aerodynamic design method embodiments and achieves the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0095] This invention also provides a readable storage medium storing a program or instructions. When the program or instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the various processes of the above-described wind turbine aerodynamic design method embodiments and achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0096] The processor is the processor in the electronic device described in the above embodiments. The readable storage medium includes computer-readable storage media, such as computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0097] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or system. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or system that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and systems in the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0098] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, electronic device, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0099] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aerodynamic design method for wind turbine generators, characterized in that, The method includes: Based on the relative sizes of the diameters of the upwind and downwind wind turbines in the wind turbine unit, the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine are determined. The design input parameters of the wind turbine are obtained, and the first swept area of ​​the first target wind turbine is estimated based on the design input parameters; wherein, the design input parameters include at least the target power, rated wind speed and air density; The proposed steps are as follows: based on the first swept area, the macroscopic parameters of the wind turbine are determined; wherein, the macroscopic parameters include the blade lengths of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine, the rated rotational speed, and the wind turbine spacing between the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine; The iterative steps involve calculating the aerodynamic performance of the first and second target wind turbines based on the macroscopic parameters using an aerodynamic performance calculation model, and iteratively optimizing the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the first and second target wind turbines using a parameterized approach until the aerodynamic design parameters of the first and second target wind turbines that meet the aerodynamic performance requirements are obtained. Extract the macroscopic parameters and aerodynamic design parameters as target design parameters, and evaluate whether the target design parameters meet the target power and the rated wind speed; if yes, output the target design parameters as the aerodynamic design scheme of the wind turbine; if no, increase the first swept area and return to the proposed step.

2. The aerodynamic design method for wind turbine generators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine based on the relative sizes of the diameters of the upwind and downwind wind turbines in the wind turbine unit includes: If the diameter of the upwind wind turbine is greater than or equal to the diameter of the downwind wind turbine, the upwind wind turbine is determined to be the first target wind turbine, and the downwind wind turbine is determined to be the second target wind turbine.

3. The aerodynamic design method for wind turbine units according to claim 2, characterized in that, The iterative steps include: Based on the blade length and rated speed of the first target wind turbine, the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the first target wind turbine are iteratively optimized using the aerodynamic performance calculation model until the aerodynamic performance index of the first target wind turbine converges, thus obtaining the aerodynamic design parameters of the first target wind turbine. Based on the aerodynamic design parameters of the first target wind turbine, the blade length of the second target wind turbine, the rated speed of the second target wind turbine, and the turbine spacing, the aerodynamic performance calculation model is used to iteratively optimize the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the second target wind turbine until the aerodynamic performance index of the second target wind turbine converges, thus obtaining the aerodynamic design parameters of the second target wind turbine.

4. The aerodynamic design method for wind turbine generators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine based on the relative sizes of the diameters of the upwind and downwind wind turbines in the wind turbine unit includes: When the diameter of the wind turbine in the upwind direction is smaller than the diameter of the wind turbine in the downwind direction, the downwind wind turbine is determined to be the first target wind turbine, and the upwind wind turbine is determined to be the second target wind turbine.

5. The aerodynamic design method for wind turbine generators according to claim 4, characterized in that, The iterative steps include: Based on the blade length of the first target wind turbine, the rated speed of the first target wind turbine, the blade length of the second target wind turbine, the rated speed of the second target wind turbine, and the wind turbine spacing, the aerodynamic performance calculation model is used to perform coupled iterative optimization of the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the first and second target wind turbines until the comprehensive aerodynamic performance index of the first and second target wind turbines converges, thus obtaining the aerodynamic design parameters of the first and second target wind turbines.

6. The aerodynamic design method for wind turbine units according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The formulation steps include: Based on the first swept area, the blade length of the first target wind turbine is determined, and the rated speed of the first target wind turbine is determined according to the blade length of the first target wind turbine. Based on the blade length of the first target wind turbine, a first parameter set and a second parameter set are constructed; wherein, the first parameter set includes several first feature values, and the maximum value among the several first feature values ​​is less than or equal to the blade length of the first target wind turbine; the second parameter set includes several second feature values, and the maximum value among the several second feature values ​​is less than or equal to the wind turbine diameter of the first target wind turbine; Select one of the first characteristic values ​​in the first parameter set as the blade length of the second target wind turbine, and determine the rated speed of the second target wind turbine based on the blade length of the second target wind turbine; One of the second characteristic values ​​in the second parameter set is selected as the wind turbine spacing.

7. The aerodynamic design method for wind turbine generators according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of extracting the macroscopic parameters and aerodynamic design parameters as target design parameters further includes: By combining and traversing the first parameter set and the second parameter set, several feature combinations including the blade length of the second target wind turbine and the wind turbine spacing are obtained; Based on the blade length of the first target wind turbine, the rated speed of the first target wind turbine, and each of the aforementioned feature combinations, several sets of macroscopic parameters are set, and the several sets of macroscopic parameters are iteratively optimized through the iterative steps to obtain several sets of aerodynamic design parameters of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine that meet the aerodynamic performance requirements. The optimal aerodynamic design parameters and the corresponding macroscopic parameters are extracted as the target design parameters.

8. The aerodynamic design method for wind turbine generators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aerodynamic performance calculation model includes blade element momentum theory and standard airfoil aerodynamic data; The calculation of the aerodynamic performance of the first and second target wind turbines using an aerodynamic performance calculation model includes: Based on the blade element momentum theory and standard airfoil aerodynamic data, the aerodynamic performance of the upwind wind turbines of the first and second target wind turbines is calculated to determine the axial induction coefficient, tangential induction coefficient, and corresponding aerodynamic load parameters of the upwind wind turbines. Based on the blade element momentum theory, standard airfoil aerodynamic data, and interference factors, the aerodynamic performance of the downwind wind turbines of the first and second target wind turbines is calculated to determine the axial induction coefficient, tangential induction coefficient, and corresponding aerodynamic load parameters of the downwind wind turbines. The interference factors include at least one of the wake loss coefficient, the inflow velocity of the downwind wind turbine, and the inflow angle of the downwind wind turbine.

9. The aerodynamic design method for wind turbine generators according to claim 8, characterized in that, The aerodynamic load parameters include thrust coefficient, power coefficient, and aerodynamic load on the blade element; Based on the blade element momentum theory, standard airfoil aerodynamic data, and interference factors, aerodynamic performance calculations are performed on the downwind rotors of the first and second target wind turbines to determine the axial and tangential induction coefficients and corresponding aerodynamic load parameters of the downwind rotors, including: Based on the formula for calculating the leeward wind turbine induction factor, the axial induction coefficient and tangential induction coefficient of the leeward wind turbine are determined; wherein, the formula for calculating the leeward wind turbine induction factor is: ； In the formula, The axial induction coefficient of the downwind wind turbine; The tangential induction coefficient is the coefficient of the leeward wind turbine. This refers to the local solidity of the downwind blades; The inflow angle of the leeward wind turbine; The speed ratio of the leaf element section in the downwind blade; This represents the axial force coefficient of the downwind wind turbine; This represents the tangential force coefficient of the downwind wind turbine; The thrust coefficient and power coefficient of the downwind wind turbine are determined according to the formula for calculating the downwind wind turbine correction coefficient; wherein, the formula for calculating the downwind wind turbine correction coefficient is: ； In the formula, This represents the thrust coefficient of the downwind wind turbine. The power coefficient of the downwind wind turbine; The swept area of ​​the downwind wind turbine; This represents the projected area of ​​the two impellers in the direction of the incoming flow; This is the wake loss coefficient; The axial induction coefficient of the downwind wind turbine; The axial induction coefficient of the wind turbine in the upwind direction; The aerodynamic load on the blade element of the downwind wind turbine is determined according to the aerodynamic load calculation formula; wherein, the aerodynamic load calculation formula for the downwind wind turbine blade element is: ； In the formula, The leaf element thrust of the downwind blade; The blade element torque is for the downwind blade; Number of leaves; air density; The inflow velocity of leaf element in the downwind blades; This represents the axial force coefficient of the downwind wind turbine; This represents the tangential force coefficient of the downwind wind turbine; The leaf chord length of the downwind leaf; Let be the radius of rotation of the leaf element.

10. The aerodynamic design method for wind turbine generators according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the leeward wind turbine rotates in the same direction as the upwind wind turbine, the inflow velocity of the blade element of the leeward blade is... The following formula is used to determine it: ； When the rotation direction of the downwind wind turbine is opposite to that of the upwind wind turbine, the inflow velocity of the blade element of the downwind blade is... The following formula is used to determine it: ； In the formula, The axial induction coefficient of the downwind wind turbine; The angle of the airflow after passing the wind turbine on the upwind side; The velocity of the airflow before it reaches the downwind wind turbine; The tangential induction coefficient is the coefficient of the leeward wind turbine. The angular velocity of the downwind wind turbine; Let be the radius of rotation of the leaf element.

11. The aerodynamic design method for wind turbine generators according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the leeward wind turbine rotates in the same direction as the upwind wind turbine, the inflow angle of the leeward wind turbine is... The following formula is used to determine it: ； When the rotation direction of the downwind wind turbine is opposite to that of the upwind wind turbine, the inflow angle of the downwind wind turbine... The following formula is used to determine it: ； In the formula, The angle of the airflow after passing the wind turbine on the upwind side; The velocity of the airflow before it reaches the downwind wind turbine; The angular velocity of the downwind wind turbine; The speed ratio of the blade element section in the downwind direction can be derived from the ratio of the rotational linear velocity of the downwind wind turbine to the airflow velocity before reaching the downwind wind turbine.

12. The aerodynamic design method for wind turbine generators according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, Obtain the airflow velocity before it reaches the downwind wind turbine. At that time, based on the wake loss coefficient The velocity of the airflow before it reaches the downwind wind turbine Make corrections: ； In the formula, This is the wake loss coefficient; The axial induction coefficient of the wind turbine in the upwind direction; The incoming wind speed to the wind turbine on the upwind side; The tangential induction coefficient is the coefficient of the wind turbine in the upwind direction. The angular velocity of the wind turbine is the velocity of the wind turbine on the upwind side. Let be the radius of gyration of the leaf element; where, The wake loss coefficient The following formula is used to determine it: ； In the formula, The thrust coefficient of the wind turbine in the upwind direction; The radius of the wind turbine is located upwind. The wake diffusion coefficient; This refers to the spacing between the wind turbine rotors; The swept area is the area of ​​the two overlapping rotors; This refers to the swept area of ​​the downwind wind turbine.

13. An aerodynamic design system for a wind turbine generator, characterized in that, The system includes: The determination module is used to determine the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine based on the relative size of the diameters of the upwind wind turbine and the downwind wind turbine in the wind turbine unit. The acquisition module is used to acquire the design input parameters of the wind turbine and estimate the first swept area of ​​the first target wind turbine based on the design input parameters; wherein, the design input parameters include at least: target power, rated wind speed and air density; The formulation module is used to determine the macroscopic parameters of the wind turbine based on the first swept area; wherein, the macroscopic parameters include the blade length of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine, the rated speed, and the wind turbine spacing between the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine; The iterative module is used to calculate the aerodynamic performance of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine based on the macroscopic parameters using an aerodynamic performance calculation model, and to iteratively optimize the aerodynamic shape and number of blades of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine in a parameterized manner until the aerodynamic design parameters of the first target wind turbine and the second target wind turbine that meet the aerodynamic performance requirements are obtained. The optimization module is used to extract the macroscopic parameters and aerodynamic design parameters as target design parameters, and evaluate whether the target design parameters meet the target power and the rated wind speed; if so, the target design parameters are output as the aerodynamic design scheme of the wind turbine; if not, the first swept area is increased, and the proposed module is selected to update the macroscopic parameters of the wind turbine.

14. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor, a memory, and a program or instructions stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the wind turbine aerodynamic design method as described in claims 1-12.

15. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, The readable storage medium stores a program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the wind turbine aerodynamic design method as described in claims 1-12.

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