A method and system for layout design of electromechanical pipelines in a dense space

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of computer-aided design, in particular to a kind of dense space electromechanical pipeline layout design method and system.The present application first determines the classification attribute of each pipeline and the pipeline envelope section containing construction reserved gap, defines the vertical reserved section of special pipeline;Space adjacency graph representing pipeline interference is constructed, and all vertical fixed pipelines are screened out;Pipeline arrangement scheme population is generated using heuristic algorithm, and the scheme adaptation coefficient of each scheme individual is further obtained, and the optimal arrangement scheme is iteratively generated and updated layout.The present application introduces the graph topology structure analysis space congestion of pipeline interference, determines the vertical fixed pipeline at the same time, and ensures that the locking state of all pipelines reaches global steady state;Further introduce heuristic algorithm to generate pipeline arrangement scheme population, from which the optimal arrangement scheme that meets the zero collision constraint, zero pipeline interference is evaluated and screened out, and the electromechanical pipeline layout design in dense space is optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of computer-aided design technology, specifically to a method and system for designing the layout of electromechanical pipelines in dense spaces. Background Technology

[0002] In the detailed design of building electromechanical systems, dense spaces such as corridors and basements often experience significant spatial overlap between electrical cable trays, main air ducts, and water supply and drainage pipes due to the constraints of main beams and walls. Current industry practices typically involve importing 3D pipeline models into software for collision detection, followed by manual adjustments to elevations and positions by designers through trial and error, or the introduction of automated optimization algorithms based on 3D bounding boxes to eliminate interference and increase ceiling height.

[0003] However, existing automated layout methods typically treat pipelines as suspended geometry, ignoring construction specifications and physical constraints: First, gravity drainage pipes require a forced downward slope, and conventional algorithms' indiscriminate height variation can easily lead to backslope or water accumulation; Second, heavy pipelines and maintenance components require separate provisions for top hanger anchoring and bottom maintenance access, and existing algorithms lack vertical space constraints, making the solutions unfeasible for construction; Finally, conventional 3D ray casting methods incur repeated penalty costs when dealing with multi-layered overlapping pipelines, resulting in severely misjudged and compressed available clearance, making it difficult to optimize space utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problem of inadequate design of electromechanical pipeline layout in dense spaces, the present invention aims to provide a method and system for designing electromechanical pipeline layout in dense spaces. The specific technical solution adopted is as follows: A method for designing the layout of electromechanical pipelines in a dense space, the method comprising: Obtain the classification attributes of each electromechanical pipeline in the control section of the initial layout of the dense space and the pipeline envelope section including the construction reserved gap, and define the vertical reserved section of special electromechanical pipelines with hoisting or downlink operation and maintenance attributes; Based on the overlapping state of pipeline envelope sections, a spatial adjacency graph representing pipeline interference is constructed. Combining graph topology and classification attributes of electromechanical pipelines, all vertically fixed pipelines are screened out. A population of layout schemes for electromechanical pipelines is generated using a heuristic algorithm. In each layout scheme, the vertical coordinates of the vertically fixed pipelines are forced to be fixed. For each individual layout scheme, based on the stacking state of the outer envelope section of the electromechanical pipeline within the vertical reserved section of each special electromechanical pipeline, the spatial obstruction penalty parameter of each special electromechanical pipeline within it is obtained. Combined with the spatial distribution state of the outer envelope section of the electromechanical pipeline within it, the scheme adaptability coefficient is obtained. The optimal layout scheme that satisfies zero collision constraints and zero pipeline interference is generated iteratively based on the scheme adaptability coefficient, and the layout is updated.

[0005] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the pipeline envelope cross-section includes: For each electromechanical pipeline, the outer diameter of the pipeline casing is determined based on the pipeline's geometric outer diameter, the thickness of the outer casing material, and the construction clearance. The pipeline envelope cross section is then determined based on the outer diameter of the pipeline casing.

[0006] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the vertical reserved section includes: For hoisting operations, the vertically projected space directly above special electromechanical pipelines in dense spaces is used as the vertical reserved section; for downstream maintenance operations, the vertically projected space directly below special electromechanical pipelines in dense spaces is used as the vertical reserved section.

[0007] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the spatial adjacency graph includes: Between any two electromechanical pipelines, based on the overlap state between the corresponding pipeline envelope sections, it is determined whether the two electromechanical pipelines are in an interference state; taking the electromechanical pipelines as nodes, an undirected connected edge is established between the corresponding nodes of the two electromechanical pipelines in the interference state to construct a spatial adjacency graph.

[0008] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the vertically fixed pipeline includes: Based on the classification attributes of electromechanical pipelines, the initial displacement sensitive parameters of the corresponding nodes of each electromechanical pipeline are determined. For each node in the spatial adjacency graph, based on the initial displacement sensitive parameters and the topological connection relationship of the nodes, the vertical fixation evaluation value is iteratively analyzed, and the vertical fixation evaluation value at the convergence point is taken as the final vertical fixation evaluation value of the electromechanical pipeline corresponding to the node. Electromechanical pipelines corresponding to nodes whose final vertical fixation evaluation value is greater than a preset fixed threshold are taken as vertical fixed pipelines.

[0009] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the vertical fixed evaluation value includes: Taking any node as the target node, in the first iteration, the vertical fixed evaluation value of the target node is the initial shift sensitivity parameter. In each iteration analysis, the avoidance allocation weight of each connected node is determined based on the total number of connected edges of each connected node of the target node. The vertical fixed evaluation value of the corresponding connected node obtained in the previous iteration analysis is weighted and summed using the avoidance allocation weight to obtain the topological chain shift sensitivity parameter of the target node. The initial shift sensitivity parameter and the topological chain shift sensitivity parameter are fused to obtain the vertical fixed evaluation value.

[0010] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the space obstruction penalty parameter includes: In each individual layout scheme, the electromechanical pipelines whose pipeline envelope cross-section is located within the vertical reserved cross-section of each special electromechanical pipeline are regarded as suspected interfering pipelines of each special electromechanical pipeline. The union length of the projection line segments of the pipeline envelope cross-section of all the suspected interfering pipelines in the transverse direction of the control cross-section is calculated, and the union line segment length is weighted using a preset detour weight to obtain the spatial obstruction penalty parameter of each special electromechanical pipeline.

[0011] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the fitness coefficient of the scheme includes: In each layout scheme, bonus points are determined based on the lowest position of all pipeline envelope sections in the vertical direction of the control section, and deduction points are determined based on the spatial obstruction penalty parameter of each special electromechanical pipeline and the total overlap area of ​​all pipeline envelope sections. The scheme adaptability coefficient of each layout scheme is determined by combining the bonus points and the deduction points.

[0012] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the optimal layout scheme includes: The population of layout schemes is generated iteratively based on a genetic algorithm. When the maximum scheme fitness coefficient of the individual layout scheme in the population converges iteratively, the individual layout scheme with zero deduction item is extracted from the population to construct a set of qualified layout schemes. The individual layout scheme with the largest scheme bonus item in the set of qualified layout schemes is extracted as the optimal layout scheme.

[0013] A system for designing the layout of electromechanical pipelines in a dense space, the system comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method for designing the layout of electromechanical pipelines in a dense space.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention first obtains the classification attributes of each electromechanical pipeline in the control section of the initial layout of a dense space and the pipeline envelope section including the construction reserved gap, and defines the vertical reserved section of special electromechanical pipelines with hoisting or downlink maintenance attributes, providing an analytical basis for subsequent optimization of the layout; further, it constructs a spatial adjacency graph representing pipeline interference based on the overlap state of the pipeline envelope section, and combines the graph topology and the classification attributes of electromechanical pipelines, and integrates physical rules and spatial structure to prepare for the subsequent accurate selection of all vertically fixed pipelines for optimized layout; and further, it uses a heuristic algorithm to generate a population of layout schemes for electromechanical pipelines. Based on the stacking state of the outer envelope cross-section of each special electromechanical pipeline within the vertical reserved section of each layout scheme, the spatial obstruction penalty parameters of each special electromechanical pipeline are obtained to restore the physical obstruction cost of actual construction. Then, combined with the spatial distribution state of the outer envelope cross-section of the electromechanical pipeline, the building space utilization rate and the impact of pipeline physical interference are evaluated, and the scheme adaptability coefficient is comprehensively evaluated. While ensuring the avoidance of construction obstacles, it can actively optimize towards higher headroom and more compact layout. Based on the scheme adaptability coefficient, the optimal layout scheme that satisfies zero collision constraints and zero pipeline interference is generated iteratively and the layout is updated. This invention introduces graph topology analysis of pipeline interference to determine spatial congestion. While determining vertically fixed pipelines, it ensures that the locking state of all pipelines reaches the global optimal steady state. Furthermore, a heuristic algorithm is introduced to generate a population of electromechanical pipeline layout schemes, from which the optimal layout scheme that satisfies zero collision constraints and zero pipeline interference is evaluated and selected, thus optimizing the electromechanical pipeline layout design in dense spaces. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for designing the layout of electromechanical pipelines in a dense space, as provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a method and system for designing electromechanical pipeline layouts in dense spaces according to the present invention. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0019] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details a specific scheme for a design method and system for electromechanical pipeline layout in dense spaces provided by the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figure 1 The document illustrates a flowchart of a method for designing electromechanical pipeline layouts in dense spaces according to an embodiment of the present invention, specifically including: Step S1: Obtain the classification attributes of each electromechanical pipeline in the control section of the initial layout of the dense space and the pipeline envelope section including the construction reserved gap, and define the vertical reserved section of special electromechanical pipelines with hoisting or downlink maintenance attributes.

[0021] The automated layout design of electromechanical pipelines should not only focus on geometric collision avoidance, but should also pay attention to the accurate simulation of the physical properties of the fluid (within the pipeline) and the on-site construction conditions. This is to avoid situations where the electromechanical pipelines do not interfere with each other in the digital layout model, but on the construction site, they may back slope and accumulate water due to the inability to reserve a slope, or the pipelines may be too close together to be installed. Based on this, the embodiments of the present invention first obtain the classification attributes of each electromechanical pipeline in the control section of the initial layout of the dense space and the pipeline envelope section including the construction reserved gap; wherein, the classification attributes of the electromechanical pipeline can clarify the fluid properties within the electromechanical pipeline, providing a basis for subsequent determination of whether it has the ability to move vertically; the pipeline envelope section including the construction reserved gap can help the layout design of the electromechanical pipeline to have the feasibility of on-site implementation.

[0022] In this embodiment of the invention, after obtaining the initial layout scheme of the dense space, analysis and optimization are performed. Therefore, it is first necessary to call the application programming interface (API) of the external building information modeling (BIM) software to receive the (vertical) control sections in the restricted spaces such as corridors or basements specified by the user in the initial layout model. The analysis and optimization method for each control section is the same, and only one example is used here for analysis and description.

[0023] It should be noted that the (vertical) control section refers to a two-dimensional cross section taken from the BIM model of a dense space such as a corridor. This cross section is usually perpendicular to the extension axis of the corridor and reflects the arrangement and distribution of all pipelines at the corridor section.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, it is assumed that in a standard office building corridor, pipelines (air ducts, water pipes, cable trays) are laid along the long axis (Z-axis) of the corridor; the designer selects the position of the bottom of a structural main beam along the length of the corridor, or the narrowest position between two columns, as a slice position in BIM software (such as Revit); a two-dimensional plane perpendicular to the ground, i.e., a vertical control section, is generated at this slice position (the bottom surface is usually the floor, the top surface is the bottom of the corridor beam, and the two sides are the corridor walls); on this section, all three-dimensional pipelines (cylinders, cuboids) are cut into two-dimensional geometric shapes (circles, rectangles).

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, after determining the control section, the classification attributes and geometric outer diameter of each electromechanical pipeline passing through the control section are further determined, thereby determining the pipeline envelope section of each electromechanical pipeline including the construction reserved gap.

[0026] Specifically, the classification attributes and geometric outer diameters (usually diameter, length, and width) of each electromechanical pipeline are directly read from the Building Information Modeling (BIM) software. The classification attributes of electromechanical pipelines include at least unpressurized drainage systems, pressurized water supply systems, electrical cable tray systems, and ventilation duct systems. Among them, electromechanical pipelines in unpressurized drainage systems must maintain a strict downward slope. If their vertical layout does not meet the preset conditions, it will directly lead to back slope water accumulation in the pipeline network, causing serious engineering accidents. The layout of this type of electromechanical pipeline needs to be closely monitored in the future.

[0027] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, considering that some electromechanical pipelines also require sound insulation or protection, and therefore need external packaging materials, and that some electromechanical pipelines require reserved installation gaps during installation to avoid construction difficulties, the implicit thickness of the external packaging material and the installation operation space need to be made explicit as rigid boundaries based on the geometric outer diameter of the electromechanical pipelines to ensure on-site feasibility; therefore, the method for obtaining the pipeline envelope cross-section includes: For each electromechanical pipeline, the outer diameter of the pipeline casing is determined based on the pipeline's geometric outer diameter, the thickness of the outer casing material, and the construction clearance. The pipeline envelope cross section is then determined based on the outer diameter of the pipeline casing.

[0028] As an example, taking electromechanical pipeline B (pressurized water supply system, circular pipe) as an example, the original pipeline geometric outer diameter D is extracted from the BIM model as 150mm, and the outer material thickness (thermal insulation layer thickness) T is 50mm; based on the classification attributes of electromechanical pipeline B, the pre-set industry electromechanical construction specification database is queried to match the required standard construction reserved clearance value G of 100mm for flange fastening and wrench operation; the pipeline geometric outer diameter D + 2 × outer material thickness + 2 × construction reserved clearance is taken as the pipeline outer diameter; the minimum outer cross section corresponding to the pipeline outer diameter is taken as the pipeline envelope cross section; Similarly, the outer width and outer length of other types of electromechanical pipelines, such as rectangular ones, can be calculated, so that the smallest outer rectangular cross section can be used as the pipeline envelope cross section, which will not be elaborated further.

[0029] The boundary of the pipeline envelope section truly reflects the limit of physical space actually occupied by the electromechanical pipeline during on-site hoisting and splicing, and serves as a rigid occupancy benchmark for subsequent collision detection and topology locking.

[0030] Considering that some electromechanical pipelines need to be equipped with load-bearing hangers at the top, and some electromechanical pipelines have valves or inspection ports that need to be operated or observed from below, for such special electromechanical pipelines with hoisting or downward operation and maintenance attributes, it is necessary to further define their vertical reserved cross-section. Defining the vertical reserved cross-section can transform the implicit construction logic (upward hoisting, downward operation and maintenance) into a hard spatial constraint that must be followed, so as to optimize the pipeline layout design.

[0031] It should be noted that no analysis or evaluation of the vertical reserved section is performed for other non-special electromechanical pipelines.

[0032] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the method for obtaining the vertical reserved section includes: For hoisting operations, the vertically projected space directly above special electromechanical pipelines in dense spaces is used as the vertical reserved section; for downstream maintenance operations, the vertically projected space directly below special electromechanical pipelines in dense spaces is used as the vertical reserved section.

[0033] As an example, the installation requirements for each electromechanical pipeline are first read from the BIM model to determine whether there are hoisting or downstream maintenance needs for the electromechanical pipeline. To facilitate the subsequent determination of the reserved section, this example also constructs a coordinate system with the geometric center of the control section, such as the centroid, as the origin, with the axis parallel to the corridor floor as the X-axis and the axis perpendicular to the corridor floor as the Y-axis. For special electromechanical pipelines that are hoisted, the corresponding pipeline envelope section is determined as the benchmark, and projected vertically upwards to the physical top boundary (such as the bottom of a beam). The area located vertically directly above the pipeline envelope section (the projection space of the special electromechanical pipeline) is the vertical reserved section. In other examples, the implementer can also additionally expand the preset operating margin in the horizontal direction. Similarly, for special electromechanical pipelines for downlink maintenance, the projected space directly below the special electromechanical pipeline (projected to the physical bottom boundary) can be used as the vertical reserved section, which will not be elaborated further.

[0034] Step S2: Construct a spatial adjacency graph representing pipeline interference based on the overlapping state of the pipeline envelope cross sections. Combine the graph topology and the classification attributes of electromechanical pipelines to screen out all vertically fixed pipelines. Use a heuristic algorithm to generate a population of layout schemes for electromechanical pipelines. In each layout scheme, the vertical coordinates of the vertically fixed pipelines are forced to be fixed.

[0035] Considering that in dense spaces, when the layout of an electromechanical pipeline changes, it is very easy to cause a cascading effect on other electromechanical pipelines that are closely adjacent to it; and the overlap state of the pipeline envelope cross section within the control section can characterize the pipeline interference or cascading effect, in order to quantify this type of pipeline interference relationship, this embodiment of the invention will construct a spatial adjacency graph characterizing pipeline interference, in order to prepare for subsequent analysis of pipeline interference by combining graph topology relationships.

[0036] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, considering that if there is an overlap between the corresponding pipeline envelope sections (including the rigid constraints of the outer casing and construction gaps) of two electromechanical pipelines, it indicates that there may be interference between them during subsequent construction and installation. Therefore, undirected connected edges can be established to characterize the interference relationship, thereby constructing a spatial adjacency graph. The method for obtaining the spatial adjacency graph includes: Between any two electromechanical pipelines, based on the overlap state between the corresponding pipeline envelope sections, it is determined whether the two electromechanical pipelines are in an interference state; taking the electromechanical pipelines as nodes, an undirected connected edge is established between the corresponding nodes of the two electromechanical pipelines in the interference state to construct a spatial adjacency graph.

[0037] As an example, the overlap of electromechanical pipelines can be determined by using the cross-sectional positions of the corresponding pipeline envelope sections. Specifically, first, determine the center coordinates of each pipeline envelope section; between any two electromechanical pipelines, take the absolute value of the difference between the X-axis coordinates of the two cross-sectional center coordinates as the lateral distance, and similarly, determine the longitudinal distance on the Y-axis; average the sum of the outer diameters of the two electromechanical pipeline envelopes to determine the lateral and longitudinal safety distances. Specifically, if it is a combination of cylindrical and rectangular pipelines, the lateral safety distance is half the sum of the outer diameter and the outer length (or the outer width); if it is a combination of cylindrical and rectangular pipelines, both the lateral and longitudinal safety distances are half the sum of the outer diameter and the outer diameter; and so on, the lateral and longitudinal safety distances for other types of pipeline combinations can be determined, which will not be elaborated further. If the lateral distance is less than the lateral safety distance and the longitudinal distance is less than the longitudinal safety distance, it can be determined that the pipeline envelope sections of the two electromechanical pipelines overlap, and there is pipeline interference. In other examples, the overlap state of the pipeline envelope sections can also be read directly based on the BIM model. Furthermore, the electromechanical pipelines are used as nodes, and undirected connected edges are established between the corresponding nodes of the two electromechanical pipelines in the interference state to construct a spatial adjacency graph.

[0038] Since some electromechanical pipelines must maintain a strict downward slope, if their vertical height (Y-axis) is arbitrarily adjusted during the layout optimization process solely for geometric avoidance, it may lead to serious engineering accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and forcibly lock the vertical height of such electromechanical pipelines. Furthermore, considering that electromechanical pipelines are usually densely arranged, if only the vertical height of such electromechanical pipelines is locked, while allowing the densely packed electromechanical pipelines around them to move freely, it may damage the original stable support environment of such electromechanical pipelines or cause new encroachment and interference. Therefore, after obtaining the spatial adjacency graph, this embodiment of the invention further combines the graph topology relationship and the classification attributes of electromechanical pipelines to screen out all vertically fixed pipelines; by integrating classification attributes (physical rules) and topology relationship (spatial structure), it can accurately define which electromechanical pipelines must be vertically fixed in subsequent optimization, thereby ensuring that the layout scheme not only conforms to the laws of fluid physics, but also has the rationality of the overall structure.

[0039] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, considering that the classification attributes of electromechanical pipelines directly reflect the physical limitations of the pipelines, the engineering business logic can be initially transformed into initial vertical displacement constraints on the electromechanical pipelines based on the classification attributes, providing a basis for subsequent iterative optimization of the layout design; furthermore, considering that the topological connection relationship of nodes can help assess the density or interlocking characteristics of the spatial structure, thereby helping to intelligently adjust the vertical layout of electromechanical pipelines and avoid causing new encroachment interference; therefore, the method for obtaining vertically fixed pipelines includes: The initial displacement sensitivity parameters of each electromechanical pipeline node are determined based on the classification attributes of the electromechanical pipeline. For each node in the spatial adjacency graph, the vertical fixation evaluation value is iteratively analyzed based on the initial displacement sensitivity parameters and the topological connection relationship of the node. The vertical fixation evaluation value at convergence is taken as the final vertical fixation evaluation value of the electromechanical pipeline corresponding to the node. The electromechanical pipeline corresponding to the node whose final vertical fixation evaluation value is greater than the preset fixed threshold is taken as the vertical fixation pipeline.

[0040] In one embodiment of the present invention, the initial displacement sensitive parameter of the node corresponding to the electromechanical pipeline of the unpressurized drainage system is greater than the initial displacement sensitive parameter of the node corresponding to the electromechanical pipeline of the pressurized water supply system; the initial displacement sensitive parameter of the node corresponding to the electromechanical pipeline of the pressurized water supply system is greater than the initial displacement sensitive parameter of the node corresponding to the electromechanical pipeline of the electrical cable tray system and the ventilation duct system.

[0041] Specifically, nodes corresponding to electromechanical pipelines in unpressurized drainage systems that must maintain anti-backslope constraints are assigned extremely high initial displacement sensitivity parameters (0.95-0.99, 0.95 in this example); nodes corresponding to electromechanical pipelines in pressurized water supply systems that have a certain pressure-bearing capacity but heavy weight are assigned medium initial displacement sensitivity parameters (0.50 in this example); nodes corresponding to electromechanical pipelines in electrical cable tray systems and ventilation duct systems that do not involve fluid gravity are assigned extremely low initial displacement sensitivity parameters (0.15 in this example). The larger the initial displacement sensitivity parameter, the higher the physical immobility of the electromechanical pipeline corresponding to the node.

[0042] Since the initial displacement sensitivity parameters determined based on physical properties can only help lock the vertical constraints of a single pipeline, in actual engineering layout optimization, a single electromechanical pipeline may be locked in isolation to avoid collisions, leading to layout failure. However, iterative analysis based on graph theory centrality algorithms can achieve cluster-level locking of electromechanical pipelines. When the iteration converges, it can ensure that the locking state of all pipelines reaches the global optimal steady state, thus protecting the physical constraints and maximizing the degree of freedom of movable pipelines.

[0043] Based on this, and using the initial shift-sensitive parameters and the topological connections of the nodes, the PageRank algorithm is used to iteratively analyze the vertical fixed evaluation value of each node in the spatial adjacency graph, in order to prepare for subsequent convergence determination.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for obtaining a vertically fixed evaluation value includes: Taking any node as the target node, in the first iteration, the vertical fixed evaluation value of the target node is the initial shift sensitivity parameter. In each iteration analysis, the avoidance allocation weight of each connected node is determined based on the total number of connected edges of each connected node of the target node. The vertical fixed evaluation value of the corresponding connected node obtained in the previous iteration analysis is weighted and summed using the avoidance allocation weight to obtain the topological chain shift sensitivity parameter of the target node. The initial shift sensitivity parameter and the topological chain shift sensitivity parameter are fused to obtain the vertical fixed evaluation value.

[0045] Specifically, the analysis or method of the vertical fixed evaluation value obtained by each node in each iteration is consistent. Here, any node is taken as the target node for analysis and description. Before the iteration, the vertical fixed evaluation value of the target node is first set as the initial shift-sensitive parameter to provide an initial basis for subsequent iterations. Taking any iteration analysis process as an example, first determine all the connected nodes of the target node, and then determine the total number of connected edges corresponding to each connected node; the more pipeline interference the connected nodes of the target node correspond to, the more severe the congestion deadlock in the local area. Take the reciprocal of the total number of connected edges corresponding to each connected node to obtain the avoidance allocation weight of each connected node; where each connected node is connected to at least one node, the total number of connected edges cannot be 0. Further, the avoidance allocation weight is used to perform a weighted summation of the vertical fixed evaluation values ​​of the corresponding connection nodes obtained in the previous iteration analysis to obtain the topological interlocking displacement sensitive parameters of the target node; by reducing the locking weight transmitted to each surrounding electromechanical pipeline (connection node) through the avoidance allocation weight, the electromechanical pipelines in the extremely crowded cluster are prevented from being locked in groups, thereby forcibly preserving the spatial avoidance degree of freedom. Finally, the initial shift-sensitive parameters are weighted using a first weight, such as 0.15, and the topology chain shift-sensitive parameters are weighted using a second weight, such as 0.85. The weighted sum is used as the vertical fixed evaluation value of the target node in this iteration analysis. The sum of the first and second weights is 1, which is used to evaluate the influence of the physical properties of the electromechanical pipelines corresponding to the target node on its network topology. The implementer can also adjust this value.

[0046] Iterate continuously, obtaining the fixed vertical evaluation value of each node in each iteration, and using the fixed vertical evaluation value of each node as vector elements to construct a feature vector after each iteration; calculate the Euclidean norm between the feature vectors obtained from two adjacent iterations, and when the Euclidean norm is less than a preset error threshold, ... When convergence is achieved, the vertical fixed evaluation value obtained by each node in each iteration at the time of the first convergence is taken as the final vertical fixed evaluation value of the electromechanical pipeline corresponding to the node. Furthermore, the electromechanical pipelines corresponding to nodes whose final vertical fixed evaluation value is greater than a preset fixed threshold are designated as vertical fixed pipelines. First, an absolute fixed threshold, such as 0.9, is preset. Then, the average of the final vertical fixed evaluation values ​​of all electromechanical pipelines is used as the average fixed threshold. The preset fixed threshold is the minimum of the absolute fixed threshold and the average fixed threshold. Taking the minimum value ensures that the core principle is to protect electromechanical pipelines with large initial displacement sensitivity parameters under extreme congestion conditions, and to maintain the stability of local pipeline clusters under sparse conditions, thus exhibiting adaptive robustness under different engineering complexities.

[0047] Considering the group iterative characteristics of heuristic algorithms, which enable parallel searching within a large-scale solution space, the survival-of-the-fittest mechanism of the fitness function is used to efficiently generate a population of electromechanical pipeline layout schemes, preparing for subsequent selection of the optimal layout scheme that satisfies zero collision constraints and zero pipeline interference. Furthermore, in each individual layout scheme, the vertical coordinates of the vertically fixed pipelines are forcibly fixed, which ensures the rigid compliance of physical constraints, eliminates the generation of physically invalid schemes from the source, and accelerates the dimensionality reduction of the optimization space, improving the convergence efficiency and computational accuracy of the layout design.

[0048] Based on this, embodiments of the present invention further utilize heuristic algorithms to generate a population of layout schemes for electromechanical pipelines; wherein, in each individual layout scheme, the vertical coordinates of the vertically fixed pipelines are forcibly fixed.

[0049] As an example, a genetic algorithm is used as a heuristic optimization engine, with a population size of 100 individuals for each layout scheme and a maximum number of iterations of 500 generations. When generating individuals for each layout scheme, the vertical coordinates of the vertically fixed pipeline are forced to remain unchanged. That is, the Y-axis coordinate of the center of the cross-section of the pipeline envelope of the vertically fixed pipeline is consistent with the initial layout, while the X-axis coordinate can be randomly walked and crossover mutated within the control cross-section.

[0050] It should be noted that the X-axis and Y-axis coordinates of other non-vertical fixed pipelines can also vary randomly; the layout of each electromechanical pipeline in the individual layout scheme is also subject to boundary constraints, that is, it cannot exceed the control section range.

[0051] It should be noted that genetic algorithms are a well-known technique, and the specific generation process of the population for the arrangement scheme will not be elaborated further.

[0052] Step S3: For each individual layout scheme, based on the stacking state of the outer envelope section of the electromechanical pipeline within the vertical reserved section of each special electromechanical pipeline, obtain the spatial obstruction penalty parameter of each special electromechanical pipeline within it, and combine it with the spatial distribution state of the outer envelope section of the electromechanical pipeline within it to obtain the scheme adaptability coefficient.

[0053] It should be noted that the method for obtaining the fitness coefficient of each layout scheme individual in the population is consistent in each iteration. Here, we only take any layout scheme individual as an example for analysis and description. In each layout scheme individual, the cross-sectional distribution of each electromechanical pipeline changes as the layout scheme is generated, and there may be deviations from the initial layout. The distribution information involved in the subsequent analysis and calculation process is generated by the mutation of the layout scheme individual.

[0054] Considering that the construction, installation, and daily operation and maintenance of special electromechanical pipelines depend on unobstructed vertical operating space, if the layout scheme of electromechanical pipelines only focuses on the non-intersection between pipeline entities, it may result in these special electromechanical pipelines being densely covered, making construction, installation, and subsequent operation and maintenance impossible. However, by analyzing the stacking state of the outer envelope section of the special electromechanical pipelines within the vertical reserved section of the generated layout scheme, it is possible to quantify the space obstruction penalty parameters, restore the physical obstacle cost of actual construction, and prepare for subsequent evaluation of the scheme's adaptability coefficient to select the optimal layout scheme.

[0055] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, considering that in actual engineering, regardless of how many layers of other electromechanical pipelines overlap within the vertical reserved section of the special electromechanical pipeline, the entire vertical reserved channel will be blocked when construction personnel encounter the first layer of obstruction, the multiple layers of physical obstruction are reduced and merged into a single continuous obstruction by projection, which facilitates subsequent measurement of spatial obstruction; and considering that in order to avoid the special electromechanical pipeline, the installation of other electromechanical pipelines usually involves not only translation but also detours, thus consuming more space, by setting a preset detour weight, the simple obstruction can be forcibly amplified into a comprehensive penalty value including detours, thereby avoiding underestimation of spatial obstruction; therefore, the method for obtaining the spatial obstruction penalty parameter includes: In each individual layout scheme, the electromechanical pipelines whose pipeline envelope cross-section is located within the vertical reserved cross-section of each special electromechanical pipeline are regarded as suspected interfering pipelines of each special electromechanical pipeline. The union length of the projection line segments of the pipeline envelope cross-section of all suspected interfering pipelines in the transverse direction of the control cross-section is calculated, and the union line segment length is weighted using a preset detour weight to obtain the spatial obstruction penalty parameter of each special electromechanical pipeline.

[0056] As an example, firstly, identify other electromechanical pipelines within the vertical reserved section of each special electromechanical pipeline, i.e., suspected interfering pipelines; then, take the union of the projection segments of the pipeline envelope sections of all suspected interfering pipelines on the transverse (X-axis) side of the control section to obtain the union segment; further, set a preset detour weight such as 1.2 (the value range is 1.1-1.5, and the value is based on the ratio of the average pipe diameter of the electromechanical pipeline to the standard elbow size, which the implementer can also adjust), and multiply the preset detour weight by the length of the union segment to obtain the spatial obstruction penalty parameter of the special electromechanical pipeline.

[0057] Considering that the merits of the layout scheme for electromechanical pipelines are a multi-dimensional evaluation system, the spatial obstruction penalty parameter can only reflect the local installation feasibility of some special electromechanical pipelines and cannot comprehensively measure the overall utilization efficiency of pipeline layout in a confined space. However, by introducing the spatial distribution of the outer envelope cross section of all electromechanical pipelines, the applicability of the layout scheme can be comprehensively evaluated, ensuring that while avoiding construction obstacles, it can be actively optimized towards higher headroom and a more compact layout. Based on this, after obtaining the spatial obstruction penalty parameters of each special electromechanical pipeline within each layout scheme, the embodiments of the present invention further combine the spatial distribution state of the outer envelope cross section of the electromechanical pipeline within each layout scheme to obtain the scheme adaptability coefficient of each layout scheme.

[0058] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, considering that the lowest position of the envelope cross-section of all pipelines in the individual layout scheme can help evaluate the net height of the suspended ceiling and characterize the utilization rate of building space, the scheme bonus items can be determined; while the spatial obstruction penalty parameter of special electromechanical pipelines can characterize the construction obstruction cost, and the total overlap area of ​​all pipeline envelope cross-sections can characterize the physical interference of pipelines, these are all scheme deduction items; thus, the scheme adaptability coefficient can be comprehensively evaluated; therefore, the method for obtaining the scheme adaptability coefficient includes: In each layout scheme, bonus points are determined based on the lowest position of all pipeline envelope sections in the vertical direction of the control section, and deduction points are determined based on the spatial obstruction penalty parameter of each special electromechanical pipeline and the total overlap area of ​​all pipeline envelope sections. The scheme adaptability coefficient of each layout scheme is determined by combining the bonus points and the deduction points.

[0059] Specifically, in the individual layout scheme, the Y-axis coordinate of the pipeline envelope section of all electromechanical pipelines at the lowest position of the vertical direction of the control section, i.e., the bottom boundary of the section, is determined. The Y-axis coordinate can represent the net height of the suspended ceiling. The Y-axis coordinate value is multiplied by a preset weight h (with a value of 1, unit is 1 / mm, used to eliminate dimensions) as a bonus item for the scheme. The spatial obstruction penalty parameters (in mm) for hoisting-type special electromechanical pipelines are summed, and the sum is multiplied by a preset first weight 'a' to obtain the first deduction item. The spatial obstruction penalty parameters for downlink maintenance-type special electromechanical pipelines are summed, and the sum is multiplied by a preset second weight 'b' to obtain the second deduction item. The total overlapping area of ​​all pipeline envelope sections is multiplied by a preset third weight 'c' to obtain the third deduction item. The three deduction items are summed to obtain the scheme deduction item. Finally, the scheme bonus items are subtracted from the scheme deduction items to obtain the scheme adaptability coefficient for each individual layout scheme.

[0060] It should be noted that the value of 'a' ranges from 50 to 100, with the unit being 1 / mm, used to eliminate dimensions; in this example, it is taken as 80. The value of 'b' ranges from 10 to 40, with the unit being 1 / mm, used to eliminate dimensions; in this example, it is taken as 20. The unit of 'c' is 1 / mm. 2 The sigmoid function is used to eliminate dimensions; in this example, it is set to 10000 to severely penalize pipeline interference. The final calculated fitness coefficient is a dimensionless parameter, which may be negative, but it does not affect the subsequent ranking of the merits of the solutions. In other embodiments, the fitness coefficient can be further mapped to the sigmoid function to adjust its value range, which will not be elaborated further.

[0061] Step S4: Based on the scheme adaptability coefficient, iteratively generate the optimal layout scheme that satisfies zero collision constraints and zero pipeline interference, and update the layout.

[0062] Iteratively generate a population of layout schemes, determine the convergence state based on the scheme fitness coefficient, and stop iterating; perform forced filtering in the final generation of layout scheme population to select the optimal layout scheme individuals that satisfy zero collision constraints and zero pipeline interference, and update the layout to obtain the final layout design.

[0063] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, the method for obtaining the optimal layout scheme includes: The population of layout schemes is generated iteratively based on a genetic algorithm. When the maximum scheme fitness coefficient of the individual layout scheme in the population converges iteratively, the individual layout scheme with zero scheme deduction is extracted from the population to construct a set of qualified layout schemes. The individual layout scheme with the largest scheme bonus in the set of qualified layout schemes is extracted as the optimal layout scheme.

[0064] Specifically, a population of layout schemes is generated iteratively based on a genetic algorithm. When the fitness coefficient of the largest scheme in the population no longer increases after 50 consecutive generations, it is determined that the convergence state has been reached and the iteration is stopped. In the final generation of layout schemes, forced filtering is performed to extract all layout schemes with zero deduction items (i.e., the spatial obstruction penalty parameter of special electromechanical pipelines is 0, and the total overlap area of ​​the pipeline envelope cross section is 0) to construct a set of qualified layout schemes. Furthermore, the layout scheme with the largest scheme bonus item (i.e., the highest net height of the suspended ceiling) in the set of qualified layout schemes is taken as the optimal layout scheme.

[0065] It should be noted that when there is no set of qualified layout schemes, the individual layout scheme with the largest fitness coefficient is directly selected from the final generation population after the maximum number of iterations is completed as the compromise solution, and a prompt is output to the external log system that the rationality of the layout design needs to be manually reviewed.

[0066] Further adjustments are made to the initial layout to the optimal layout scheme output, using well-known techniques, which will not be elaborated further.

[0067] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also proposes a design system for electromechanical pipeline layout in dense space. The system includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the electromechanical pipeline layout design method in dense space described in steps S1-S4 above.

[0068] In summary, this invention first obtains the classification attributes of each electromechanical pipeline and the pipeline envelope section including construction reserved gaps in the control section of the initial layout of dense space, and defines the vertical reserved section of special electromechanical pipelines with hoisting or downlink maintenance attributes; constructs a spatial adjacency graph representing pipeline interference based on the overlapping state of the pipeline envelope sections, and filters out all vertically fixed pipelines by combining the graph topology and the classification attributes of electromechanical pipelines; generates a population of layout schemes for electromechanical pipelines using a heuristic algorithm; wherein, in each layout scheme, the vertical coordinates of the vertically fixed pipelines are forcibly fixed; for each layout scheme, the spatial obstruction penalty parameter of each special electromechanical pipeline is obtained based on the stacking state of the outer envelope section of the electromechanical pipelines in the vertical reserved section of each special electromechanical pipeline, and the scheme fitness coefficient is obtained by combining the spatial distribution state of the outer envelope section of the electromechanical pipelines; and generates the optimal layout scheme that satisfies zero collision constraints and zero pipeline interference based on the scheme fitness coefficient and updates the layout. This invention introduces graph topology analysis of pipeline interference to determine spatial congestion. While determining the vertically fixed pipelines, it ensures that the locking state of all pipelines reaches the global optimal steady state. Furthermore, it introduces a heuristic algorithm to generate a population of electromechanical pipeline layout schemes, from which the optimal layout scheme that satisfies zero collision constraints and zero pipeline interference is evaluated and selected, thus optimizing the layout design of electromechanical pipelines in dense spaces.

[0069] It should be noted that the order of the above embodiments of the present invention is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0070] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for designing the layout of electromechanical pipelines in a dense space, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the classification attributes of each electromechanical pipeline in the control section of the initial layout of the dense space and the pipeline envelope section including the construction reserved gap, and define the vertical reserved section of special electromechanical pipelines with hoisting or downlink operation and maintenance attributes; Based on the overlapping state of pipeline envelope sections, a spatial adjacency graph representing pipeline interference is constructed. Combining graph topology and classification attributes of electromechanical pipelines, all vertically fixed pipelines are screened out. A population of layout schemes for electromechanical pipelines is generated using a heuristic algorithm. In each layout scheme, the vertical coordinates of the vertically fixed pipelines are forced to be fixed. For each individual layout scheme, based on the stacking state of the outer envelope section of the electromechanical pipeline within the vertical reserved section of each special electromechanical pipeline, the spatial obstruction penalty parameter of each special electromechanical pipeline within it is obtained. Combined with the spatial distribution state of the outer envelope section of the electromechanical pipeline within it, the scheme adaptability coefficient is obtained. The optimal layout scheme that satisfies zero collision constraints and zero pipeline interference is generated iteratively based on the scheme adaptability coefficient, and the layout is updated.

2. The method for designing the layout of electromechanical pipelines in a dense space according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the pipeline envelope cross-section includes: For each electromechanical pipeline, the outer diameter of the pipeline casing is determined based on the pipeline's geometric outer diameter, the thickness of the outer casing material, and the construction clearance. The pipeline envelope cross section is then determined based on the outer diameter of the pipeline casing.

3. The method for designing the layout of electromechanical pipelines in a dense space according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the vertical reserved section includes: For hoisting operations, the vertically projected space directly above special electromechanical pipelines in dense spaces is used as the vertical reserved section; for downstream maintenance operations, the vertically projected space directly below special electromechanical pipelines in dense spaces is used as the vertical reserved section.

4. The method for designing the layout of electromechanical pipelines in a dense space according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the spatial adjacency graph includes: Between any two electromechanical pipelines, based on the overlap state between the corresponding pipeline envelope sections, it is determined whether the two electromechanical pipelines are in an interference state; taking the electromechanical pipelines as nodes, an undirected connected edge is established between the corresponding nodes of the two electromechanical pipelines in the interference state to construct a spatial adjacency graph.

5. The method for designing the layout of electromechanical pipelines in a dense space according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the vertical fixed pipeline includes: Based on the classification attributes of electromechanical pipelines, the initial displacement sensitive parameters of the corresponding nodes of each electromechanical pipeline are determined. For each node in the spatial adjacency graph, based on the initial displacement sensitive parameters and the topological connection relationship of the nodes, the vertical fixation evaluation value is iteratively analyzed, and the vertical fixation evaluation value at the convergence point is taken as the final vertical fixation evaluation value of the electromechanical pipeline corresponding to the node. Electromechanical pipelines corresponding to nodes whose final vertical fixation evaluation value is greater than a preset fixed threshold are taken as vertical fixed pipelines.

6. The method for designing the layout of electromechanical pipelines in a dense space according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the vertical fixed evaluation value includes: Taking any node as the target node, in the first iteration, the vertical fixed evaluation value of the target node is the initial shift sensitivity parameter. In each iteration analysis, the avoidance allocation weight of each connected node is determined based on the total number of connected edges of each connected node of the target node. The vertical fixed evaluation value of the corresponding connected node obtained in the previous iteration analysis is weighted and summed using the avoidance allocation weight to obtain the topological chain shift sensitivity parameter of the target node. The initial shift sensitivity parameter and the topological chain shift sensitivity parameter are fused to obtain the vertical fixed evaluation value.

7. The method for designing the layout of electromechanical pipelines in a dense space according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the space obstruction penalty parameter includes: In each individual layout scheme, the electromechanical pipelines whose pipeline envelope cross-section is located within the vertical reserved cross-section of each special electromechanical pipeline are regarded as suspected interfering pipelines of each special electromechanical pipeline. The union length of the projection line segments of the pipeline envelope cross-section of all the suspected interfering pipelines in the transverse direction of the control cross-section is calculated, and the union line segment length is weighted using a preset detour weight to obtain the spatial obstruction penalty parameter of each special electromechanical pipeline.

8. The method for designing the layout of electromechanical pipelines in a dense space according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the fitness coefficient of the scheme includes: In each layout scheme, bonus points are determined based on the lowest position of all pipeline envelope sections in the vertical direction of the control section, and deduction points are determined based on the spatial obstruction penalty parameter of each special electromechanical pipeline and the total overlap area of ​​all pipeline envelope sections. The scheme adaptability coefficient of each layout scheme is determined by combining the bonus points and the deduction points.

9. The method for designing the layout of electromechanical pipelines in a dense space according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the optimal layout scheme includes: The population of layout schemes is generated iteratively based on a genetic algorithm. When the maximum scheme fitness coefficient of the individual layout scheme in the population converges iteratively, the individual layout scheme with zero deduction item is extracted from the population to construct a set of qualified layout schemes. The individual layout scheme with the largest scheme bonus item in the set of qualified layout schemes is extracted as the optimal layout scheme.

10. A system for designing the layout of electromechanical pipelines in a dense space, the system comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the electromechanical pipeline layout design method in dense space as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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