Cooling air volume determination method, apparatus, and electronic device

Abstract

The application provides a cooling air volume determination method and device and electronic equipment, and relates to the technical field of transformer cooling systems. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a fan characteristic curve of a target cooling fan; inputting different flow rate parameters into a pre-constructed piezoresistive calculation model in a sweep parameter simulation mode to generate a piezoresistive flow rate curve; the piezoresistive calculation model is generated based on structure parameters of a winding air duct of a target dry-type transformer and operation environment parameters of the target dry-type transformer; the piezoresistive flow rate curve corresponds to a winding system of the target dry-type transformer; the target dry-type transformer corresponds to the target cooling fan; and the piezoresistive flow rate curve and the fan characteristic curve are coupled and analyzed to generate an actual cooling air volume of the target cooling fan. The method can more accurately determine the actual cooling air volume of the target cooling fan.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of transformer cooling systems, specifically relating to a method, device, and electronic equipment for determining cooling airflow. Background Technology

[0002] Dry-type transformers are widely used in many power distribution systems due to their compact structure, flame-retardant safety, reliable operation, and easy maintenance. With the continuous increase in transformer unit capacity and power density, winding temperature rise control and cooling system design have become key technical aspects to ensure their long-term safe and stable operation. Currently, most dry-type transformers use air cooling, where a cross-flow fan drives ambient air through the winding duct to achieve heat exchange and temperature control. The cooling effect directly depends on the actual airflow within the duct, which is determined by the system operating point, jointly defined by the fan characteristic curve and the duct's pressure-resistance characteristics.

[0003] Currently, the winding duct structure of dry-type transformers is complex and the flow path is irregular. The piezoresistive characteristics of the duct are mainly estimated based on empirical values, and there is a lack of accurate simulation methods. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this application is to provide a method, apparatus and electronic device for determining cooling air volume in order to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the existing technology. Using the cooling air volume determination method, accurate simulation can be achieved, and the accuracy of determining the actual cooling air volume of the cooling fan can be improved.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for determining cooling airflow, including: Obtain the fan characteristic curve of the target cooling fan; Different flow velocity parameters are sequentially input into the pre-constructed piezoresistive calculation model using a parameter sweep simulation method to generate piezoresistive flow curves. The piezoresistive calculation model is constructed based on the structural parameters of the winding duct of the target dry-type transformer and the operating environment parameters of the target dry-type transformer. The piezoresistive flow curves correspond to the winding system of the target dry-type transformer. The target dry-type transformer corresponds to the target cooling fan. The actual cooling air volume of the target cooling fan is generated by performing coupled analysis on the pressure resistance flow curve and the fan characteristic curve.

[0006] In some embodiments of the first aspect, before generating the piezoresistive flow rate curve by sequentially inputting different flow velocity parameters into the pre-constructed piezoresistive calculation model using a parameter sweep simulation method, the method further includes: Obtain the structural parameters of the winding air duct of the target dry-type transformer and the operating environment parameters of the target dry-type transformer; Based on structural parameters, operating environment parameters, and fan characteristic curves, construct sub-models for calculating effective air volume, friction resistance, and flow distribution of the fan. A piezoresistive calculation model is generated based on the effective air volume calculation sub-model, the friction resistance calculation sub-model, and the flow distribution calculation sub-model of the fan.

[0007] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the structural parameters include: the width of each air duct, the total width of the air duct, the radial width of the transformer, and the winding height; the operating environment parameters include: ambient temperature and altitude. Based on structural parameters, operating environment parameters, and fan characteristic curves, sub-models for calculating effective airflow, friction resistance, and flow distribution are constructed, including: A new Reynolds number calculation formula is constructed by equating the width of each air duct to its respective hydraulic diameter; the new Reynolds number calculation formula is used to calculate the Reynolds number corresponding to each air duct. The corresponding air density is calculated based on the ambient temperature and altitude. A sub-model for calculating the effective air volume of the fan is constructed based on the fan characteristic curve and the duct width ratio coefficient; the duct width ratio coefficient is the ratio of the total duct width to the radial width of the transformer. A friction drag calculation sub-model is constructed based on the friction drag coefficient, duct width, winding height, and air density of each duct; the friction drag coefficient is calculated based on the Reynolds number of the corresponding duct. A flow distribution calculation sub-model is constructed based on the effective air volume of the fan and the friction coefficient of each air duct output by the effective air volume calculation sub-model.

[0008] In some embodiments of the first aspect, before constructing a friction resistance calculation sub-model based on the friction resistance coefficient of each duct, the duct width of each duct, the winding height, and the air density, the method further includes: Input the Reynolds number of each air duct into the preset friction coefficient calculation formula to generate the friction coefficient corresponding to each air duct.

[0009] In some embodiments of the first aspect, different flow velocity parameters are sequentially input into a pre-constructed piezoresistive calculation model using a parameter sweep simulation method to generate a piezoresistive flow rate curve, including: The piezoresistive calculation model is sequentially input with different flow velocity parameters using a parameter sweeping simulation method to generate the total effective flow rate and total system piezoresistive resistance of the winding system corresponding to each flow velocity parameter. Piezoresistive flow curves are constructed based on the total effective flow rate and total system piezoresistive pressure corresponding to each flow velocity parameter.

[0010] In some embodiments of the first aspect, generating the total effective flow rate and total system piezoresistive pressure of the winding system corresponding to each flow velocity parameter includes: For each flow velocity parameter, iteratively calculate the total effective flow rate and total system pressure resistance of the pressure resistance calculation model until the preset convergence condition is met; The total effective flow rate at the point of convergence of the iteration is determined as the final total effective flow rate. The total system piezoresistive value corresponding to the iteration convergence is determined as the final total system piezoresistive value.

[0011] In some embodiments of the first aspect, coupled analysis is performed on the piezoresistive flow curve and the fan characteristic curve to generate the actual cooling air volume of the target cooling fan, including: Place the piezoresistive flow curve and the fan characteristic curve in the same coordinate system; The intersection of the pressure resistance flow curve and the fan characteristic curve is solved simultaneously to determine the actual operating point of the target cooling fan; The actual cooling air volume of the target cooling fan is determined based on the actual working point.

[0012] In some embodiments of the first aspect, after simultaneously solving for the intersection of the pressure resistance flow curve and the fan characteristic curve to generate the actual operating point of the target cooling fan, the method further includes: Based on the relative position of the actual operating point on the fan characteristic curve and the preset fan selection evaluation criteria, the selection evaluation results of the target cooling fan are generated.

[0013] Based on the same inventive concept, in a second aspect, embodiments of this application also provide a cooling airflow determining device, comprising: The acquisition module is used to acquire the fan characteristic curve of the target cooling fan; The generation module is used to sequentially input different flow velocity parameters into the pre-built piezoresistive calculation model using a parameter sweep simulation method to generate piezoresistive flow curves. The piezoresistive calculation model is built and generated based on the structural parameters of the winding duct of the target dry-type transformer and the operating environment parameters of the target dry-type transformer. The piezoresistive flow curves correspond to the winding system of the target dry-type transformer. The target dry-type transformer corresponds to the target cooling fan. The analysis module is used to perform coupled analysis of the pressure resistance flow curve and the fan characteristic curve to generate the actual cooling air volume of the target cooling fan.

[0014] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the apparatus further includes: The module is used to obtain the structural parameters of the winding duct of the target dry-type transformer and the operating environment parameters of the target dry-type transformer; based on the structural parameters, operating environment parameters and fan characteristic curves, it constructs a fan effective air volume calculation sub-model, a friction resistance calculation sub-model and a flow distribution calculation sub-model; based on the fan effective air volume calculation sub-model, friction resistance calculation sub-model and flow distribution calculation sub-model, it generates a piezoresistive calculation model.

[0015] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the structural parameters include: the width of each air duct, the total width of the air duct, the radial width of the transformer, and the winding height; the operating environment parameters include: ambient temperature and altitude. When constructing the effective airflow calculation sub-model, friction loss calculation sub-model, and flow distribution calculation sub-model based on structural parameters, operating environment parameters, and fan characteristic curves, the construction module is specifically used for: A new Reynolds number calculation formula is constructed by equating the width of each air duct to its respective hydraulic diameter. This new formula is used to calculate the Reynolds number for each air duct. The corresponding air density is calculated based on ambient temperature and altitude. A sub-model for calculating the effective airflow of the fan is constructed based on the fan characteristic curve and the air duct width ratio coefficient. The air duct width ratio coefficient is the ratio of the total air duct width to the radial width of the transformer. A sub-model for calculating friction resistance is constructed based on the friction resistance coefficient of each air duct, the air duct width, the winding height, and the air density. The friction resistance coefficient is calculated based on the Reynolds number of the corresponding air duct. A flow distribution calculation sub-model is constructed based on the effective airflow of the fan output from the effective airflow calculation sub-model and the friction resistance coefficient of each air duct.

[0016] In some implementations of the second aspect, the building module is also used for: Input the Reynolds number of each air duct into the preset friction coefficient calculation formula to generate the friction coefficient corresponding to each air duct.

[0017] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the generation module is specifically used for: Different flow velocity parameters are sequentially input into the piezoresistive calculation model using a parameter sweep simulation method to generate the total effective flow rate and total system piezoresistive resistance of the winding system corresponding to each flow velocity parameter; a piezoresistive flow rate curve is constructed based on the total effective flow rate and total system piezoresistive resistance corresponding to each flow velocity parameter.

[0018] In some embodiments of the second aspect, when generating the total effective flow rate and total system piezoresistive force of the winding system corresponding to each flow velocity parameter, the generation module is specifically used for: For each flow velocity parameter, iteratively calculate the total effective flow rate and total system pressure resistance of the pressure resistance calculation model until the preset convergence condition is met; The total effective flow rate at the time of iterative convergence is determined as the final total effective flow rate; the total system piezoresistive pressure at the time of iterative convergence is determined as the final total system piezoresistive pressure.

[0019] In some implementations of the second aspect, the analysis module is specifically used for: Place the piezoresistive flow curve and the fan characteristic curve in the same coordinate system; Solve the intersection of the pressure resistance flow curve and the fan characteristic curve simultaneously to determine the actual operating point of the target cooling fan; determine the actual cooling air volume of the target cooling fan based on the actual operating point.

[0020] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the apparatus further includes: The evaluation module is used to generate the selection evaluation results of the target cooling fan based on the relative position of the actual operating point on the fan characteristic curve and the preset fan selection evaluation criteria.

[0021] Based on the same inventive concept, in a third aspect, embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor; The memory stores the instructions that the computer executes; The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in memory to implement the cooling airflow determination method as described in any of the first aspects.

[0022] Based on the same inventive concept, in a fourth aspect, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the cooling airflow determination method as described in any of the first aspects.

[0023] According to the cooling airflow determination method, apparatus, and electronic equipment provided in this application, different flow velocity parameters are sequentially input into a pre-constructed piezoresistive calculation model using a parameter sweep simulation method to generate a piezoresistive flow rate curve. Since the piezoresistive calculation model is constructed based on the structural parameters of the winding duct of the target dry-type transformer and the operating environment parameters of the target dry-type transformer, it can more realistically reflect the piezoresistive characteristics of the dry-type transformer winding duct. Simultaneously, inputting different flow velocity parameters through parameter sweep simulation can cover more operating scenarios, improving the accuracy of the piezoresistive flow rate curve. Furthermore, by performing coupled analysis on the piezoresistive flow rate curve and the fan characteristic curve, matching deviations caused by ignoring the coupling relationship between the two are avoided, thereby allowing for a more accurate determination of the actual cooling airflow of the target cooling fan. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This illustration shows a flowchart of a cooling airflow determination method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This diagram illustrates another flow chart of the cooling airflow determination method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of curve intersection provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this application, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of this application will now be described in detail. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain this application and are not configured to limit this application. For those skilled in the art, this application can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely to provide a better understanding of this application by illustrating examples of this application.

[0027] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0028] As described in the background section, currently, dry-type transformer winding duct structures are complex and flow path shapes are irregular. The duct piezoresistive characteristics are mainly estimated based on empirical values, lacking accurate simulation methods. Therefore, further optimization is needed.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] The cooling airflow determination method provided in this application is applied to an electronic device. This electronic device can be a computer, or a device within a computer used to implement the cooling airflow determination method. The computer can be a terminal, a server, etc., and this application does not specifically limit its application. The following description uses the execution of the cooling airflow determination method by an electronic device as an example.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the cooling air volume determination method provided in this application embodiment may include steps S101 to S103.

[0032] S101. Obtain the fan characteristic curve of the target cooling fan.

[0033] For example, the fan characteristic curve is a function curve that describes the relationship between air volume and pressure at a specific fan speed, and it is the core basis for fan selection and system matching.

[0034] The target cooling fan corresponds to the target dry-type transformer and is used to drive airflow through the winding air duct of the target dry-type transformer. Through heat exchange, the heat generated by the winding is carried away, thereby cooling the target dry-type transformer.

[0035] S102. Using a parameter sweep simulation method, different flow velocity parameters are sequentially input into the pre-constructed piezoresistive calculation model to generate piezoresistive flow curves. The piezoresistive calculation model is constructed based on the structural parameters of the winding duct of the target dry-type transformer and the operating environment parameters of the target dry-type transformer. The piezoresistive flow curves correspond to the winding system of the target dry-type transformer. The target dry-type transformer corresponds to the target cooling fan.

[0036] For example, the parameter sweep simulation method involves repeatedly running the same model with a set of different input values ​​and observing the changing patterns of the output results.

[0037] In this embodiment, the parameter sweep simulation method uses a set of preset flow velocity parameters to repeatedly run the piezoresistive calculation model to obtain the system piezoresistive resistance corresponding to each flow velocity parameter, thereby drawing the piezoresistive flow curve.

[0038] The flow velocity parameter is a global parameter, representing the flow velocity of the entire winding system. The flow velocity of each duct is based on this flow velocity parameter.

[0039] For example, the structural parameters of the winding duct are the main core parameters of the winding duct, including at least the duct width and winding height of each duct. The operating environment parameters include at least the ambient temperature and altitude.

[0040] For example, the piezoresistive calculation model is a calculation model obtained by the interrelation of various formulas. It is not a three-dimensional modeling model and does not require meshing. This piezoresistive calculation model has higher analytical efficiency.

[0041] S103. Perform coupled analysis on the pressure resistance flow curve and the fan characteristic curve to generate the actual cooling air volume of the target cooling fan.

[0042] For example, the pressure resistance flow rate curve is related to the actual operating environment, while the fan characteristic curve is related to the theoretical characteristics of the fan. Coupled analysis of the pressure resistance flow rate curve and the fan characteristic curve is mainly used to determine the actual operating point of the target cooling fan, thereby determining the actual cooling airflow of the target cooling fan.

[0043] According to the cooling airflow determination method provided in this application, different flow velocity parameters are sequentially input into a pre-constructed piezoresistive calculation model using a parameter sweep simulation method to generate a piezoresistive flow rate curve. Since the piezoresistive calculation model is constructed based on the structural parameters of the winding duct of the target dry-type transformer and the operating environment parameters of the target dry-type transformer, it can more realistically reflect the piezoresistive characteristics of the dry-type transformer winding duct. Simultaneously, inputting different flow velocity parameters through parameter sweep simulation can cover more operating scenarios, improving the accuracy of the piezoresistive flow rate curve. Furthermore, by performing coupled analysis on the piezoresistive flow rate curve and the fan characteristic curve, matching deviations caused by ignoring the coupling relationship between the two are avoided, thereby allowing for a more accurate determination of the actual cooling airflow of the target cooling fan.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, the cooling air volume determination method provided in this application embodiment is based on the cooling air volume determination method provided in embodiment 1 of this application, and further describes the method, which may include steps S201 to S206.

[0046] S201. Obtain the fan characteristic curve of the target cooling fan.

[0047] S202. Obtain the structural parameters of the winding duct of the target dry-type transformer and the operating environment parameters of the target dry-type transformer.

[0048] S203. Construct sub-models for calculating effective air volume, friction resistance, and flow distribution based on structural parameters, operating environment parameters, and fan characteristic curves.

[0049] For example, the effective air volume calculation sub-model is used to calculate the effective air volume of the fan, the friction resistance calculation sub-model is used to calculate the friction resistance of each air duct, and the flow distribution calculation sub-model is used to calculate the flow distributed to each air duct.

[0050] In some implementations, structural parameters include: the width of each air duct, the total width of the air ducts, the radial width of the transformer, and the winding height. Operating environment parameters include: ambient temperature and altitude.

[0051] S203 can be specifically described as follows: A new Reynolds number calculation formula is constructed by equating the width of each air duct to its respective hydraulic diameter. This new formula is used to calculate the Reynolds number for each air duct.

[0052] The corresponding air density is calculated based on the ambient temperature and altitude.

[0053] A sub-model for calculating the effective air volume of the fan is constructed based on the fan characteristic curve and the duct width ratio coefficient. The duct width ratio coefficient is the ratio of the total duct width to the radial width of the transformer.

[0054] A friction drag calculation sub-model is constructed based on the friction drag coefficient, duct width, winding height, and air density of each duct. The friction drag coefficient is calculated based on the Reynolds number of the corresponding duct.

[0055] A flow distribution calculation sub-model is constructed based on the effective air volume of the fan and the friction coefficient of each air duct output by the effective air volume calculation sub-model.

[0056] For example, in a duct, changes in width (narrowing or widening) have the greatest impact on airflow resistance. Compared to changes in length, changes in width are the primary source of resistance. Equating the width of each duct to its respective hydraulic diameter is a simplification applicable to engineering. When the length of the duct is much greater than its width (flat duct), or when width variation is dominant, the duct width can be directly approximated to the hydraulic diameter, thus enabling the calculation of the Reynolds number.

[0057] The new formula for calculating the Reynolds number is as follows: (1) In the formula, Re Let Reynolds number be 1. For air density, considering the effects of ambient temperature and altitude, this embodiment uses the air density calculated above. To correspond to the airflow velocity inside the duct, The hydraulic diameter is used; in this embodiment, the equivalent width of the corresponding air duct is directly adopted. The viscosity is for air.

[0058] For example, the formula for calculating air density is as follows: (2) In the formula, The air density of the working environment (i.e., the air density mentioned above). H Altitude The ambient temperature.

[0059] For example, the sub-model for calculating the effective air volume of a fan is as follows: Assume the rated output air volume of the fan is (Based on the fan characteristic curve), which is a curve that varies with system resistance, a duct width ratio coefficient is introduced. Make corrections: (3) effective air volume of the fan It can be calculated using the proportion coefficient K: (4) In the formula, This represents the total width of the air duct, which is the sum of all air ducts in a single phase. The radial width of the transformer is the sum of the width of the winding body and the total width of the air duct.

[0060] An example, the friction resistance calculation sub-model is shown below: (5) In the formula, For friction resistance, This is the friction factor, which depends on the Reynolds number of each air duct, as shown in Formula 6. l For winding height, For different air duct widths, This corresponds to the air duct speed.

[0061] (6)

[0062] In the formula, Re It is the Reynolds number.

[0063] For example, the traffic allocation calculation sub-model is as follows: The flow distribution calculation sub-model can reasonably distribute the effective air volume of the fan based on the friction resistance coefficient obtained from the above calculation, ensuring that the air volume distribution law conforms to the actual flow resistance characteristics of the dry transformer winding duct. The specific calculation process is shown in Formula 7.

[0064] (7)

[0065] In the formula, To correspond to the airflow rate in the duct, The effective air volume of the fan. This represents the friction coefficient of the corresponding air duct.

[0066] In some implementations, before constructing a friction resistance calculation sub-model based on the friction resistance coefficient of each duct, the duct width of each duct, the winding height, and the air density, the following steps are also included: Input the Reynolds number of each air duct into the preset friction coefficient calculation formula to generate the friction coefficient corresponding to each air duct.

[0067] For example, the preset friction coefficient calculation formula is shown in Formula 6 above. After inputting the Reynolds number of each air duct into the preset friction coefficient calculation formula, the corresponding friction coefficient is generated.

[0068] S204. Generate a pressure resistance calculation model based on the fan effective air volume calculation sub-model, friction resistance calculation sub-model, and flow distribution calculation sub-model.

[0069] For example, based on the relationship between the three sub-models, the effective air volume calculation sub-model, the friction resistance calculation sub-model, and the flow distribution calculation sub-model are combined to generate a pressure resistance calculation model.

[0070] S205. Using the parameter sweep simulation method, different flow velocity parameters are sequentially input into the pre-constructed piezoresistive calculation model to generate piezoresistive flow curves.

[0071] In some implementations, S205 is specifically as follows: Different flow velocity parameters are sequentially input into the piezoresistive calculation model using a parameter sweep simulation method to generate the total effective flow rate and total system piezoresistive force of the winding system corresponding to each flow velocity parameter.

[0072] Piezoresistive flow curves are constructed based on the total effective flow rate and total system piezoresistive pressure corresponding to each flow velocity parameter.

[0073] For example, the flow velocity parameter is a global parameter, meaning it applies to the entire winding system. The total system pressure resistance is the pressure resistance of the winding system, including the friction resistance of all air ducts. In formulas 1 to 7 above, the air velocity of each air duct needs to be allocated or specified. Therefore, when determining the total effective flow rate and total system pressure resistance of the winding system corresponding to each flow velocity parameter, it is necessary to iteratively allocate parameter values ​​such as flow velocity and air flow rate of each air duct.

[0074] Using formulas 1 to 7 above, the total effective flow rate of the winding system corresponding to each flow velocity parameter can be calculated (e.g., for the aforementioned...). (obtained after iteration) and total system pressure resistance (obtained by summing the friction resistances of each duct after iteration).

[0075] For example, each flow velocity parameter corresponds to a total effective flow rate and a total system pressure resistance. The corresponding total effective flow rate and total system pressure resistance are taken as a set of data, and multiple sets of data for multiple flow velocity parameters are processed to generate a curve to construct a pressure resistance flow rate curve.

[0076] In some implementations, the process for generating the total effective flow rate and total system piezoresistive pressure of the winding system corresponding to each flow velocity parameter can be as follows: For each flow velocity parameter, iteratively calculate the total effective flow rate and total system piezoresistive resistance of the piezoresistive calculation model until the preset convergence condition is met.

[0077] The total effective flow rate at the point of convergence of the iteration is determined as the final total effective flow rate.

[0078] The total system piezoresistive value corresponding to the iteration convergence is determined as the final total system piezoresistive value.

[0079] For example, the iterative calculation process can be as follows: After inputting different flow velocity parameters, the effective airflow of the system can be calculated using the effective airflow calculation sub-model. Then, based on the previously determined hydraulic diameter, air density, and friction drag coefficient, the friction drag of each winding duct is calculated. Next, using the flow distribution calculation sub-model, the flow rate allocated to each duct is obtained based on the friction drag coefficient of each duct. Afterwards, based on the calculated duct flow rate and friction drag, it is determined whether convergence has occurred. If convergence has not occurred, the calculated duct flow rate is used as new input data (e.g., calculating the corresponding duct velocity) and iteratively substituted into the friction drag calculation model, repeating the above calculation and allocation of duct flow rate and friction drag until convergence is achieved.

[0080] For example, the preset convergence condition can be that the absolute deviation between the input scanned flow rate (calculated based on the scanned flow velocity) and the corresponding fan flow rate (obtained based on the fan characteristic curve and friction resistance) is less than 0.001 m³ / s as the iterative convergence criterion.

[0081] S206. Perform coupled analysis on the pressure resistance flow curve and the fan characteristic curve to generate the actual cooling air volume of the target cooling fan.

[0082] In some implementations, coupled analysis is performed on the piezoresistive flow curve and the fan characteristic curve to generate the actual cooling airflow of the target cooling fan, including: Place the pressure resistance flow curve and the fan characteristic curve in the same coordinate system.

[0083] The intersection of the pressure resistance flow curve and the fan characteristic curve is solved simultaneously to determine the actual operating point of the target cooling fan.

[0084] The actual cooling air volume of the target cooling fan is determined based on the actual working point.

[0085] For example, the actual operating point corresponds to pressure resistance and flow rate, where the flow rate is the actual cooling air volume of the target cooling fan.

[0086] In some implementations, after simultaneously solving for the intersection of the pressure resistance flow curve and the fan characteristic curve to generate the actual operating point of the target cooling fan, the method further includes: Based on the relative position of the actual operating point on the fan characteristic curve and the preset fan selection evaluation criteria, the selection evaluation results of the target cooling fan are generated.

[0087] For example, depending on actual needs, if the relative position is at the latter third of the curve, it represents a good fan selection, and the generated selection evaluation result is good. The preset fan selection evaluation criteria can be set according to actual needs; this embodiment does not impose any limitations on them.

[0088] The cooling air volume determination method in this embodiment can effectively determine whether the selection of the cooling fan for dry-type transformers is within a reasonable operating range. It builds a piezoresistive calculation model of the winding system through an iterative analytical method, comprehensively considers the structural parameters of the transformer body, and corrects the air density by combining altitude and temperature, thus solving the problem of relying on empirical values ​​to estimate the cooling air volume in traditional design.

[0089] Secondly, by employing sweep participation for iterative convergence calculation, the effective air volume is calculated, the pressure resistance (friction resistance) of each air duct is solved, the flow rate is allocated, and iterative convergence is completed in sequence. This significantly improves the accuracy of the calculation of air duct velocity and total effective flow rate, while avoiding the problems of complex modeling, time-consuming calculation, and difficulty in rapid iterative optimization in 3D simulation.

[0090] Furthermore, by coupling the pressure resistance flow curve with the fan characteristic curve to solve the working point, an integrated simulation of duct pressure resistance modeling, fan matching, and air volume prediction can be achieved, which can significantly improve the design accuracy and efficiency of dry-type transformer cooling systems and has strong engineering practicality and promotion value.

[0091] To better understand the cooling airflow determination method provided in the embodiments of this application, a more detailed description will follow.

[0092] The dimensional parameters of the main air duct of a dry-type transformer include parameters for the low-voltage winding air duct, the main air duct, the high-voltage winding air duct, and the high-voltage winding external air duct (optional). Based on the actual structural parameters of the dry-type transformer winding air duct, a piezoresistive calculation model of the dry-type transformer winding system is built. By inputting different flow velocity parameters through parameter sweep simulation, the actual system piezoresistive resistance corresponding to the dry-type transformer winding system is accurately matched.

[0093] Simultaneously, the pressure-flow characteristic curve of the crossflow fan is imported into the iterative analytical calculation system to construct a joint calculation model of the dry-type transformer and the crossflow fan. This joint model couples the matched pressure-resistance-flow curve with the crossflow fan characteristic curve for analysis, quickly determining the actual operating point of the crossflow fan. Finally, based on the obtained fan operating point, combined with the fan performance parameters and duct structure parameters, the cooling airflow within the duct is determined, specifically including the following steps: Define the key structural parameters of the dry-type transformer winding ventilation duct, including the duct width and winding height: Collect actual structural parameters of the low-voltage winding air duct, main air duct, high-voltage winding, and high-voltage winding outer insulation cylinder (if any) of the dry-type transformer, including duct width and height, ensuring that the parameters are consistent with the actual product to provide an accurate geometric basis for subsequent piezoresistive modeling. Since the dry-type transformer winding air duct is a long and narrow rectangular channel, its height dimension is much larger than its width, and the flow direction is perpendicular to the width direction. The contraction and expansion of airflow along the width direction of the air duct are the dominant factors affecting friction resistance. Therefore, the air duct width can be directly equivalent to the hydraulic diameter for calculating the Reynolds number, friction coefficient, and system piezoresistive force.

[0094] The calculation of the Reynolds number is shown in Formula 1 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0095] Determine the transformer operating environment parameters and calculate the air density: Obtain the installation and operation environment parameters of the dry-type transformer, including ambient temperature and altitude. Based on the ambient temperature and altitude, calculate the air density required for the simulation using the formula described in Formula 2 above.

[0096] A piezoresistive model of a dry transformer winding system is constructed based on an iterative analytical method. Based on an iterative analytical method, a piezoresistive calculation model for a dry-type transformer winding system is constructed using duct structural parameters, environmental parameters, and air density. The model integrates sub-models for calculating the effective airflow of the fan, friction loss, and flow distribution. The effective airflow calculation sub-model considers the obstruction of airflow by the actual structure of the dry-type transformer; that is, the airflow from the fan is lost due to obstruction by the winding structure. Based on the relationship between the transformer's radial width and the total duct width, the fan's output airflow is corrected to obtain the effective airflow that can actually enter the winding duct. This effective airflow is then incorporated into the piezoresistive calculation model, making the model more closely reflect engineering realities. Specific details are shown in formulas 3 to 7 above.

[0097] Parameter sweep calculation of the actual piezoresistive strength of the matching winding system: A parameter sweep simulation was performed on the piezoresistive simulation model, with different flow velocity parameters being input step by step. The specific calculation logic is as follows: After inputting different flow velocity parameters, the effective airflow calculation sub-model in the model is used to calculate the effective duct flow rate that can be allocated to the system. Then, based on the previously determined hydraulic diameter, air density, and friction drag coefficient, the piezoresistive resistance of each winding duct is calculated. Next, the flow rate allocation calculation sub-model is used to solve for the flow rate allocated to each duct based on the friction drag of each duct. Then, the calculated flow rate values ​​are iteratively substituted into the piezoresistive calculation model to repeat the calculation and allocation of flow rate and piezoresistive resistance. The absolute deviation between the input parameter sweep flow rate and the corresponding fan flow rate is less than 0.001 m³ / s as the convergence criterion for iteration, determining the actual flow velocity of each duct and the total effective flow rate of the system, and simultaneously outputting the total piezoresistive resistance data of the system calculated by the model. Finally, the system piezoresistive parameters consistent with the dry-type transformer winding system are obtained, effectively solving the technical problem of relying on empirical values ​​for estimation in traditional methods.

[0098] Import the crossflow fan characteristic curve, solve for the operating point, and determine the cooling airflow: By running a piezoresistive calculation model and conducting iterative simulations, the intersection point of the fan characteristic curve and the piezoresistive flow rate curve is found. This intersection point is the actual operating point of the crossflow fan. Based on the fan flow rate and piezoresistive parameters corresponding to this operating point, the actual cooling air volume in the duct is accurately calculated, thus quickly determining the cooling air volume.

[0099] The following section provides further explanation using specific application examples.

[0100] In this embodiment, the flow velocity parameters used for parameter sweep simulation are first input. At the same time, the main structural parameters of the dry-type transformer (including the width and height of the low-voltage winding air duct, main air duct, high-voltage winding air duct, and high-voltage winding external air duct) and the operating environment parameters (ambient temperature, altitude, etc.) are input into the piezoresistive calculation model.

[0101] Then, flow velocity parameters are input into the piezoresistive calculation model, which is then run to iteratively calculate the flow rate in each duct. The model then determines whether the system flow rate (the flow rate of the winding system, also known as the fan flow rate) converges at different flow velocities. If it does not converge, the model is returned to adjust the flow velocity parameter step size and rerun until the system flow rate converges, generating a piezoresistive flow rate curve showing the system's variation with flow rate. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the fan characteristic curve of the crossflow fan is imported into the model. The intersection point of the fan characteristic curve (i.e., the fan curve in the figure) and the pressure resistance flow rate curve (i.e., the system curve in the figure) is solved through coupling analysis (the pressure and pressure resistance units in the figure are consistent) to obtain the actual operating point of the fan, and finally complete the entire calculation process.

[0102] Table 1 shows the environmental parameters calculated for this embodiment, including poster height and ambient temperature. Table 2 shows the structural parameters of the dry-type transformer body in this embodiment, mainly including the radial width of the transformer (excluding the core diameter), the width of each air duct, and the winding height (axial).

[0103] Table 1 Environmental parameters and corresponding air density

[0104] Table 2. Structural parameters of dry-type transformers

[0105] The fan characteristic curve, also known as the fan pressure-flow performance curve, was fitted using experimental scatter data, as shown in Table 3. The fitted curve is shown in Figure 3, where the fan outlet velocity was calculated based on the fan outlet area. The input sweep speed for the system piezoresistive simulation is shown in Table 4. The total simulation calculation time was set to 20s, with a calculation step size of 0.001s to ensure stable iteration and accurate calculation results.

[0106] Table 3 Fan Performance Parameters

[0107] Table 4 System speed scan data

[0108] The simulation results obtained from the piezoresistive calculation model are shown in Table 5. The intersection points of the fan characteristic curve and the piezoresistive flow rate curve are shown in Table 5. Figure 3 As shown. Calculations show that the total system pressure drop is 44.6619 Pa, and the fan operating point velocity is 5.5176 m / s. This operating point falls in the latter third of the fan's pressure-flow performance curve, allowing the fan to operate under stable conditions of high flow and low pressure. This provides sufficient cooling airflow to the transformer winding duct, efficiently removing heat from the windings, reducing temperature rise, and thus improving the transformer's load capacity and long-term operational safety.

[0109] Table 5 Calculation Results

[0110] Using the above calculation method, the system piezoresistive characteristics and the actual operating point of the fan corresponding to different dry-type transformer bodies can be quickly obtained. This allows for an intuitive and quantitative evaluation of whether the fan selection is reasonable, effectively avoiding problems such as insufficient air volume, poor matching, or redundant selection caused by relying on experience estimation in traditional design. It provides an accurate and reliable quantitative basis for fan matching and scheme optimization of dry-type transformer cooling systems, greatly improving design efficiency and engineering practicality.

[0111] It is understood that the various method embodiments mentioned above in this application can be combined with each other to form combined embodiments without violating the principle and logic. Due to space limitations, this application will not elaborate further. Those skilled in the art will understand that in the above methods of specific implementation, the specific execution order of each step should be determined by its function and possible internal logic.

[0112] Example 3

[0113] The cooling airflow determination device provided in this application embodiment is located in an electronic device, and the cooling airflow determination device may include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the fan characteristic curve of the target cooling fan.

[0114] The generation module is used to sequentially input different flow velocity parameters into a pre-built piezoresistive calculation model using a parameter sweep simulation method, generating piezoresistive flow curves. The piezoresistive calculation model is built based on the structural parameters of the winding duct of the target dry-type transformer and the operating environment parameters of the target dry-type transformer. The piezoresistive flow curves correspond to the winding system of the target dry-type transformer. The target dry-type transformer corresponds to the target cooling fan.

[0115] The analysis module is used to perform coupled analysis of the pressure resistance flow curve and the fan characteristic curve to generate the actual cooling air volume of the target cooling fan.

[0116] In some embodiments, the cooling airflow determination device further includes: A construction module is used to obtain the structural parameters of the winding duct of the target dry-type transformer and the operating environment parameters of the target dry-type transformer. Based on the structural parameters, operating environment parameters, and fan characteristic curves, sub-models for calculating the effective air volume, friction loss, and flow distribution of the fan are constructed. A piezoresistive calculation model is then generated based on these sub-models.

[0117] In some implementations, structural parameters include: the width of each air duct, the total width of the air ducts, the radial width of the transformer, and the winding height. Operating environment parameters include: ambient temperature and altitude.

[0118] When constructing the effective airflow calculation sub-model, friction loss calculation sub-model, and flow distribution calculation sub-model based on structural parameters, operating environment parameters, and fan characteristic curves, the construction module is specifically used for: A new Reynolds number calculation formula is constructed by equating the width of each air duct to its respective hydraulic diameter. This new formula is used to calculate the Reynolds number for each air duct. The corresponding air density is calculated based on ambient temperature and altitude. A sub-model for calculating the effective airflow of the fan is constructed based on the fan characteristic curve and the air duct width ratio coefficient. The air duct width ratio coefficient is the ratio of the total air duct width to the radial width of the transformer. A sub-model for calculating friction resistance is constructed based on the friction resistance coefficient of each air duct, the air duct width, the winding height, and the air density. The friction resistance coefficient is calculated based on the Reynolds number of the corresponding air duct. A flow distribution calculation sub-model is constructed based on the effective airflow of the fan output from the effective airflow calculation sub-model and the friction resistance coefficient of each air duct.

[0119] In some implementations, the building module is also used for: Input the Reynolds number of each air duct into the preset friction coefficient calculation formula to generate the friction coefficient corresponding to each air duct.

[0120] In some implementations, the generation module is specifically used for: A sweep-parameter simulation method was used to sequentially input different flow velocity parameters into the piezoresistive calculation model, generating the total effective flow rate and total system piezoresistive resistance of the winding system for each flow velocity parameter. A piezoresistive-flow rate curve was then constructed based on the total effective flow rate and total system piezoresistive resistance corresponding to each flow velocity parameter.

[0121] In some implementations, when generating the total effective flow rate and total system piezoresistive force of the winding system corresponding to each flow velocity parameter, the generation module is specifically used for: For each flow velocity parameter, iteratively calculate the total effective flow rate and total system piezoresistive resistance of the piezoresistive calculation model until the preset convergence condition is met.

[0122] The total effective flow rate at the point of iteration convergence is determined as the final total effective flow rate. The total system piezoresistive pressure at the point of iteration convergence is determined as the final total system piezoresistive pressure.

[0123] In some implementations, the analysis module is specifically used for: Place the pressure resistance flow curve and the fan characteristic curve in the same coordinate system.

[0124] The intersection of the pressure resistance flow rate curve and the fan characteristic curve is solved simultaneously to determine the actual operating point of the target cooling fan. The actual cooling airflow of the target cooling fan is then determined based on the actual operating point.

[0125] In some embodiments, the cooling airflow determination device further includes: The evaluation module is used to generate the selection evaluation results of the target cooling fan based on the relative position of the actual operating point on the fan characteristic curve and the preset fan selection evaluation criteria.

[0126] The cooling air volume determination device provided in this application has the beneficial effects and implementation methods of the cooling air volume determination method provided in Embodiments 1 and 2 of this application. For details, please refer to the specific description of the cooling air volume determination method in Embodiments 1 and 2 above. This embodiment will not repeat the description here.

[0127] Example 4

[0128] This application also provides an electronic device, which is intended to be various forms of devices with data processing capabilities, such as servers, terminals, and other suitable computers. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely examples and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present application described and / or claimed herein.

[0129] This electronic device includes a processor and memory. The various components are interconnected via different buses and can be mounted on a common motherboard or otherwise installed as needed. The processor processes instructions that execute within the electronic device.

[0130] The memory is the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium provided in this application. The memory stores instructions executable by at least one processor to cause at least one processor to perform the cooling airflow determination method provided in this application. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of this application stores computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the cooling airflow determination method provided in this application.

[0131] Memory, as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer-executable programs, and modules, such as the program instructions / modules corresponding to the cooling airflow determination method in the embodiments of this application. The processor executes various functional applications and data processing of the electronic device by running the non-transitory software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory, thereby implementing the cooling airflow determination method in the above method embodiments.

[0132] The electronic device provided in this application has the beneficial effects and implementation methods of the cooling air volume determination method provided in Embodiments 1 and 2 of this application. For details, please refer to the specific description of the cooling air volume determination method in Embodiments 1 and 2 above. This embodiment will not repeat the description here.

[0133] Example 5

[0134] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the cooling airflow determination method in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 above.

[0135] The computer-readable storage medium provided in this application embodiment has the beneficial effects and implementation methods of the cooling air volume determination method of this application embodiment 1 and embodiment 2. For details, please refer to the specific description of the cooling air volume determination method in the above embodiment 1 and embodiment 2. This embodiment will not repeat the description here.

[0136] As is known to those skilled in the art, computer storage media includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storing information, such as computer-readable program instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), static random access memory (SRAM), flash memory or other memory technologies, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical disc storage, magnetic cartridges, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired information and is accessible to a computer. Furthermore, as is known to those skilled in the art, communication media typically contain computer-readable program instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in modulated data signals such as carrier waves or other transmission mechanisms, and may include any information delivery medium.

[0137] The computer-readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from computer-readable storage media to various computing / processing devices, or downloaded via a network, such as the Internet, local area network, wide area network, and / or wireless network, to an external computer or external storage device. The network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmission, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards them to the computer-readable storage media in the respective computing / processing device.

[0138] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of this application, and this application is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of this application, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for determining cooling airflow, characterized in that, include: Obtain the fan characteristic curve of the target cooling fan; Different flow velocity parameters are sequentially input into the pre-constructed piezoresistive calculation model using a parameter sweep simulation method to generate piezoresistive flow rate curves; The piezoresistive calculation model is constructed based on the structural parameters of the winding duct of the target dry-type transformer and the operating environment parameters of the target dry-type transformer; the piezoresistive flow curve corresponds to the winding system of the target dry-type transformer; The target dry-type transformer corresponds to the target cooling fan; The actual cooling air volume of the target cooling fan is generated by performing coupled analysis on the pressure resistance flow curve and the fan characteristic curve.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before generating the piezoresistive flow rate curve by sequentially inputting different flow velocity parameters into the pre-constructed piezoresistive calculation model using the parameter sweep simulation method, the process also includes: Obtain the structural parameters of the winding air duct of the target dry-type transformer and the operating environment parameters of the target dry-type transformer; Based on the structural parameters, the operating environment parameters, and the fan characteristic curve, construct a fan effective air volume calculation sub-model, a friction resistance calculation sub-model, and a flow distribution calculation sub-model. The piezoresistive calculation model is generated based on the effective air volume calculation sub-model of the fan, the friction resistance calculation sub-model, and the flow distribution calculation sub-model.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The structural parameters include: the width of each air duct, the total width of the air duct, the radial width of the transformer, and the winding height; the operating environment parameters include: ambient temperature and altitude. The construction of the effective air volume calculation sub-model, friction resistance calculation sub-model, and flow distribution calculation sub-model based on the structural parameters, operating environment parameters, and fan characteristic curves includes: A new Reynolds number calculation formula is constructed by equating the width of each of the aforementioned air ducts to their respective hydraulic diameters; wherein, the new Reynolds number calculation formula is used to calculate the Reynolds number corresponding to each of the aforementioned air ducts; The corresponding air density is calculated based on the ambient temperature and altitude. A sub-model for calculating the effective air volume of the fan is constructed based on the fan characteristic curve and the duct width ratio coefficient; the duct width ratio coefficient is the ratio of the total duct width to the radial width of the transformer. The friction resistance calculation sub-model is constructed based on the friction resistance coefficient of each air duct, the air duct width of each air duct, the winding height, and the air density; the friction resistance coefficient is calculated based on the Reynolds number of the corresponding air duct. A flow distribution calculation sub-model is constructed based on the effective air volume of the fan output by the fan effective air volume calculation sub-model and the friction coefficient of each of the air ducts.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Before constructing the friction resistance calculation sub-model based on the friction resistance coefficient of each of the aforementioned air ducts, the width of each of the aforementioned air ducts, the winding height, and the air density, the method further includes: Input the Reynolds number of each of the air ducts into the preset friction coefficient calculation formula to generate the friction coefficient corresponding to each of the air ducts.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method of sequentially inputting different flow velocity parameters into the pre-constructed piezoresistive calculation model using a parameter sweep simulation to generate piezoresistive flow rate curves includes: Different flow velocity parameters are sequentially input into the piezoresistive calculation model using a parameter sweeping simulation method to generate the total effective flow rate and total system piezoresistive resistance of the winding system corresponding to each flow velocity parameter. The piezoresistive flow curve is constructed based on the total effective flow rate and the total system piezoresistive force corresponding to each of the flow velocity parameters.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The generation of the total effective flow rate and total system piezoresistive force of the winding system corresponding to each of the flow velocity parameters includes: For each of the flow velocity parameters, the total effective flow rate and total system piezoresistive pressure of the piezoresistive calculation model are iteratively calculated until the preset convergence condition is met; The total effective flow rate at the point of convergence of the iteration is determined as the final total effective flow rate. The total system piezoresistive value corresponding to the iteration convergence is determined as the final total system piezoresistive value.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupled analysis of the piezoresistive flow curve and the fan characteristic curve to generate the actual cooling air volume of the target cooling fan includes: Place the piezoresistive flow curve and the fan characteristic curve in the same coordinate system; The intersection of the pressure resistance flow curve and the fan characteristic curve is solved simultaneously to determine the actual operating point of the target cooling fan; The actual cooling air volume of the target cooling fan is determined based on the actual operating point.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, After simultaneously solving for the intersection of the pressure resistance flow curve and the fan characteristic curve to generate the actual operating point of the target cooling fan, the method further includes: Based on the relative position of the actual operating point on the fan characteristic curve and the preset fan selection evaluation criteria, the selection evaluation result of the target cooling fan is generated.

9. A cooling airflow determination device, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the fan characteristic curve of the target cooling fan; The generation module is used to sequentially input different flow velocity parameters into the pre-built piezoresistive calculation model using a parameter sweep simulation method to generate piezoresistive flow curves. The piezoresistive calculation model is constructed based on the structural parameters of the winding duct of the target dry-type transformer and the operating environment parameters of the target dry-type transformer; the piezoresistive flow curve corresponds to the winding system of the target dry-type transformer; The target dry-type transformer corresponds to the target cooling fan; The analysis module is used to perform coupled analysis on the pressure resistance flow curve and the fan characteristic curve to generate the actual cooling air volume of the target cooling fan.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Memory and processor; The memory stores computer-executed instructions; The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory to implement the cooling airflow determination method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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