A highway reconstruction and expansion whole process carbon emission accounting method for multi-source solid waste resource utilization

Abstract

The present application relates to carbon emission accounting and highway engineering technical field, a kind of highway reconstruction and extension whole process carbon emission accounting method for multi-source solid waste resource utilization, comprising: obtaining the engineering parameter of highway reconstruction and extension project, determine accounting stage;Wherein, accounting stage includes: demolition recycling stage, solid waste regeneration processing stage, site construction stage, construction period operation stage;According to accounting stage, determine the carbon replacement potential coefficient of solid waste material, the carbon replacement potential coefficient is based on the physical mechanics performance of solid waste material division;According to accounting stage and carbon replacement potential coefficient, construct carbon emission dynamic accounting model;According to carbon emission dynamic accounting model, determine the solid waste material type of each accounting stage, and match the preset processing technology and core machinery database, calculate the carbon emission of each accounting stage;Wherein, carbon emission is determined by the number of mechanical shifts or equipment working time of each accounting stage and corresponding carbon emission factor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of carbon emission accounting and highway engineering technology, and in particular to a method for carbon emission accounting throughout the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening of the "dual carbon" goals, the transportation industry, as a major source of carbon emissions, has received much attention for its green and low-carbon development. Compared with new construction projects, highway reconstruction and expansion projects involve a large number of existing facilities being dismantled, waste materials being recycled and reused, and traffic organization during the construction period, making their carbon emission accounting significantly more complex and unique.

[0003] Existing carbon emission accounting methods have significant shortcomings: Poor model adaptability: The general model is poorly applicable to the calculation of small-scale processes unique to highway reconstruction and expansion (such as on-site milling and in-situ recycling), resulting in rough results.

[0004] Incomplete process coverage: The accounting boundaries are vague, and there is a general lack of systematic inclusion of the two key stages of demolition and recycling and solid waste processing, failing to build a truly meaningful full-process accounting framework.

[0005] Inadequate consideration of target objects: The research focuses on new materials or new machinery, failing to take multi-source solid waste (such as asphalt-based and cement-based materials) as the core accounting object, and ignoring its huge carbon substitution potential.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a carbon emission accounting method for highway reconstruction and expansion that can cover the entire process, adopt localized factors, and dynamically serve construction decision-making. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This application proposes a carbon emission accounting method for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste. It solves the problems that carbon emissions cannot be integrated into the accounting process at different stages, that the automatic identification of solid waste material types cannot be achieved in the carbon emission accounting stage, that the automation level of solid waste material type identification and process matching is low in the accounting stage, and that the accuracy of carbon emission accounting cannot be improved based on carbon emission factors.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: Firstly, this application proposes a carbon emission accounting method for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste, including: Obtain engineering parameters for highway reconstruction and expansion projects to determine the accounting stages; the accounting stages include: demolition and recycling stage, solid waste recycling and processing stage, on-site construction stage, and construction period operation stage; Based on the accounting stage, the carbon substitution potential coefficient of solid waste materials is determined, and the carbon substitution potential coefficient is based on the physical and mechanical properties of solid waste materials. Based on the accounting stage and carbon substitution potential coefficient, a dynamic carbon emission accounting model is constructed. Based on the dynamic carbon emission accounting model, the type of solid waste material in each accounting stage is determined, and the preset treatment process and core machinery database are matched to calculate the carbon emission of each accounting stage. The carbon emission is determined by the number of machine shifts or equipment working time and the corresponding carbon emission factor in each accounting stage.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, the dynamic carbon emission accounting model includes a carbon emission sub-model; wherein, The carbon emission sub-models include the first carbon emission sub-model for the demolition and recycling phase, the second carbon emission sub-model for the solid waste recycling and processing phase, the third carbon emission sub-model for the on-site construction phase, and the fourth carbon emission sub-model for the construction and operation phase.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, the fourth carbon emission sub-model includes a first carbon emission layer and a second carbon emission layer; wherein, The first carbon emission tier is based on daily queue vehicle data to calculate additional carbon emissions from daily queues. The second carbon emission layer is based on daily detour vehicle data to calculate additional daily detour carbon emissions; The fourth carbon emission is the cumulative value of daily additional carbon emissions from queuing and daily additional carbon emissions from detouring during the construction period.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, the first carbon emission sub-model is used for: Obtain the first engineering parameters for the demolition and recycling phase; these parameters include the total amount of recycled materials, the number of demolition machine shifts, and the short-haul transportation distance. Based on the first engineering parameters, the carbon emission factor database is called to match carbon emission factors and determine the first target emission factor; the first target emission factor includes: carbon emission factor of fuel consumption per shift of dismantling machinery, carbon emission factor of truck unit transportation distance, and carbon emission factor of production of an equivalent amount of new materials; Based on the first target emission factor, the first carbon emission during the dismantling and recycling phase is calculated and stored in the project's carbon emission database. When calculating the first carbon emission, the carbon emission reduction benefits of replacing new materials with solid waste are reduced according to the carbon substitution potential coefficient.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, the second carbon emission sub-model is used for: Obtain the second engineering parameters for the solid waste recycling and processing stage; wherein the second engineering parameters include: the amount of recycled material processed, the equipment working time, the amount of recycled material, the transportation distance, and the amount of recycling additives used; Based on the second project parameters, the carbon emission factor database is called to match carbon emission factors and determine the second target emission factors; among which, the second target emission factors include: regional power grid carbon emission factors, transportation mode carbon emission factors, and recycled additive production carbon emission factors; Based on the second target emission factor, calculate the second carbon emissions during the solid waste recycling and processing stage, and store the second carbon emissions in the project's carbon emission database.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, the third carbon emission sub-model is used for: Obtain the third engineering parameters for the on-site construction phase; these parameters include: number of construction machinery shifts, construction machinery type identification, and construction period. Based on the third project parameters, the carbon emission factor database is called to match carbon emission factors and determine the third target emission factor; among which, the third target emission factor is the carbon emission factor of construction machinery shift fuel consumption. Based on the third target emission factor, calculate the third carbon emissions during the on-site construction phase and store the third carbon emissions in the project carbon emission database.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, the fourth carbon emission sub-model is used for: Obtain the fourth engineering parameters for the construction and operation phases; these parameters include: length of the affected area, average daily traffic volume, vehicle type ratio, construction period, detour ratio, and additional detour distance. Based on the fourth project parameters, the carbon emission factor database is accessed for carbon emission factor matching to determine the fourth target emission factor. This fourth target emission factor includes: the difference in emission factor between the vehicle's construction speed and the baseline speed, and the emission factor of the vehicle along the detour route. Based on the fourth target emission factor, calculate the fourth carbon emissions during the construction and operation phases, and store the fourth carbon emissions in the project's carbon emission database.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, the aforementioned dynamic carbon emission accounting model is also used for: Obtain the engineering material list for each accounting stage; The engineering materials list is matched with the preset material classification rule library to determine the solid waste material type for each accounting stage. The solid waste material type includes at least one of the following: old asphalt mixture, old cement concrete, scrap steel, and excavated earthwork.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, the matching of the preset processing technology and core mechanical database includes: Determine the solid waste type code based on the type of solid waste material in each accounting stage; Based on the solid waste type code, the target process and target core recycling machinery are determined in the pre-set solid waste-process mapping table; among them, The target process for recycled asphalt mixtures is layered cold milling, and the core recycling machinery is a cold milling machine. The target process for old cement concrete is hydraulic crushing and excavation, and the core recycling machinery is a hydraulic excavator. The target process for scrap steel is cutting and slitting, and the core recycling machinery is a mobile hydraulic shearing machine or cutting machine. The target process for excavating earthwork is layered excavation plus screening, and the target core recycling machinery is bulldozers, excavators, or loaders.

[0017] In conjunction with the first aspect, the carbon substitution potential coefficient is based on the classification of the physical and mechanical properties of solid waste materials, including: The physical and mechanical properties of old asphalt mixtures include the degree of asphalt aging, moisture content, soil content, and old asphalt content. The physical and mechanical properties of old cement concrete include strength grade, crushing index, steel content, and impurity content; The physical and mechanical properties of scrap steel include the degree of corrosion, the identifiability of the material grade, and the size specifications; The physical and mechanical properties of excavated soil include moisture content, plasticity index, organic matter content, and natural gradation.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This application constructs a dynamic carbon emission accounting model covering four stages: demolition and recycling, solid waste reprocessing, on-site construction, and operation during the construction period, achieving integrated carbon emission accounting for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion projects. Through a pre-set material classification rule library and a solid waste-process mapping table, it achieves automatic identification of solid waste material types and automatic matching of treatment processes and core machinery. A pre-set carbon emission factor database enables the automatic retrieval of corresponding carbon emission factors based on machinery type, process type, and project conditions. For multi-source solid waste materials such as old asphalt mixtures, old cement concrete, scrap steel, and excavated earth, corresponding treatment processes and core recycling machinery are pre-set, and carbon emission sub-models quantify the carbon emissions during the resource utilization process of each type of solid waste. This application addresses the problems of insufficient consideration of solid waste quality differences and inaccurate estimation of carbon substitution benefits in existing technologies by introducing a dynamic assessment of solid waste quality and a carbon substitution potential grading mechanism.

[0019] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0022] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for carbon emission accounting throughout the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a detailed flowchart illustrating the process of constructing a dynamic carbon emission accounting model in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a detailed flowchart illustrating the types of solid waste materials and their matching treatment processes and core machinery in embodiments of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the execution flow of the first carbon emission sub-model in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the execution flow of the second carbon emission sub-model in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the execution flow of the third carbon emission sub-model in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the execution flow of the fourth carbon emission sub-model in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a carbon emission accounting device for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon emission calculation module in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a computing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., are used only to distinguish different carbon emission sub-models or engineering parameters, and do not indicate order or importance. The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0025] In this embodiment of the invention, "processor" may include computing devices such as a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). "Memory" may include storage media such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), solid-state drive (SSD), or hard disk drive (HDD). "Database" may include data storage formats such as relational databases, non-relational databases, or file systems.

[0026] Example 1: As shown in Figure 1, this is a flowchart illustrating a method for carbon emission accounting throughout the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion for the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste, provided in this application embodiment. The method includes: Step 100: Obtain the engineering parameters of the highway reconstruction and expansion project and determine the accounting stage; the accounting stage includes: demolition and recycling stage, solid waste recycling and processing stage, on-site construction stage, and construction period operation stage; Step 200: Based on the accounting stage, determine the carbon substitution potential coefficient of the solid waste material, wherein the carbon substitution potential coefficient is based on the physical and mechanical properties of the solid waste material; Step 300: Construct a dynamic carbon emission accounting model based on the accounting stage and carbon substitution potential coefficient; Step 400: Based on the dynamic carbon emission accounting model, determine the type of solid waste material for each accounting stage, match the preset treatment process and core machinery database, and calculate the carbon emissions for each accounting stage; wherein, the carbon emissions are determined by the number of machine shifts or equipment working time and the corresponding carbon emission factor for each accounting stage.

[0027] In one embodiment, obtaining the engineering parameters of the highway reconstruction and expansion project in step S100 includes: the processor reading engineering parameter data from the engineering management system, BIM model database, or design document database through a data acquisition interface. The engineering parameter data includes at least one of the following: bill of quantities, bill of materials, construction schedule, and machinery configuration scheme.

[0028] In one embodiment, the processor acquires solid waste sample test reports through a data acquisition interface, or reads the physical and mechanical performance indicators of solid waste from a test database. For used asphalt mixtures, it acquires the asphalt penetration ratio, ductility ratio, moisture content, soil content, and used asphalt content; for used cement concrete, it acquires the strength grade, crushing index, steel content, and impurity content; for scrap steel, it acquires the degree of corrosion, material grade, and size specifications; for excavated earthwork, it acquires the moisture content, plasticity index, organic matter content, and natural gradation.

[0029] The processor classifies each type of solid waste into Grade A, Grade B, or Grade C based on a pre-defined quality grading rule base, and automatically matches the corresponding carbon substitution potential coefficient λ. For example, if a batch of used asphalt mixture has a soil content of 1.5%, it belongs to Grade A (soil content < 3%), then λ is taken as 0.9 (median) or 0.92 based on linear interpolation. This λ value is stored in the project's carbon emission database for subsequent sub-model calls.

[0030] Optionally, the data acquisition interface includes at least one of the following: application programming interface (API), database connection interface, and file import interface.

[0031] Based on this solution, engineering parameters are automatically acquired by the processor, which reduces manual input errors and thus improves the accuracy and efficiency of carbon emission accounting.

[0032] Example 2: As shown in Figure 2, this is a detailed flowchart illustrating the process of constructing a dynamic carbon emission accounting model in step S300 of this embodiment. This step includes: 301: The processor determines the carbon emission sub-model that needs to be invoked based on the calculation stage; 302: The processor loads the preset carbon emission sub-model configuration parameters; 303: The processor initializes the computational variables and storage containers for the carbon emission sub-model; 304: The processor establishes a data connection between the carbon emission sub-model and the carbon emission factor database.

[0033] In one embodiment, the dynamic carbon emission accounting model includes a carbon emission sub-model; wherein the carbon emission sub-model includes a first carbon emission sub-model for the demolition and recycling phase, a second carbon emission sub-model for the solid waste recycling and processing phase, a third carbon emission sub-model for the on-site construction phase, and a fourth carbon emission sub-model for the construction and operation phase.

[0034] In this application, total carbon emissions The calculation formula is: ; in, For the first carbon emission sub-model, This is the second carbon emission sub-model. This is the third carbon emission sub-model. This is the fourth carbon emission sub-model.

[0035] Optionally, the carbon emission sub-model is stored in memory as a software module, and the processor automatically calls the corresponding carbon emission sub-model module according to the calculation stage.

[0036] Based on this scheme, a modular carbon emission sub-model design is adopted, which enables independent accounting and flexible combination of carbon emissions at each stage, thus adapting to the accounting needs of different highway reconstruction and expansion projects.

[0037] Example 3: As shown in Figure 3, this is a detailed flowchart illustrating step S400 of this application embodiment, which involves determining the type of solid waste material and matching the treatment process with the core machinery. This step includes: Step 401: The processor obtains the engineering material list for each calculation stage; Step 402: The processor matches the engineering material list with the preset material classification rule library to determine the solid waste material type for each accounting stage; Step 403: The processor determines the solid waste type code based on the type of solid waste material; Step 404: The processor queries the preset solid waste-process mapping table according to the solid waste type code to determine the target process and target core recycling machinery.

[0038] In one embodiment, the solid waste material type includes at least one of old asphalt mixture, old cement concrete, scrap steel, and excavated earthwork.

[0039] For example, the target process for old asphalt mixture is layered cold milling, and the core recycling machinery is a cold milling machine; the target process for old cement concrete is hydraulic crushing and excavation, and the core recycling machinery is a hydraulic excavator; the target process for scrap steel is cutting and slitting, and the core recycling machinery is a mobile hydraulic shear or cutting machine; the target process for earthwork excavation is layered excavation and screening, and the core recycling machinery is a bulldozer, excavator, or loader.

[0040] Optionally, the material classification rule base stores the mapping relationship between material name keywords, material specification keywords and solid waste material types, and the processor automatically identifies the solid waste material type through keyword matching algorithm.

[0041] Based on this solution, the automatic identification of solid waste material types and the automatic matching of treatment processes and core machinery can be achieved through a preset material classification rule base and solid waste-process mapping table, thus significantly improving accounting efficiency and consistency.

[0042] Example 4: As shown in Figure 4, this is a schematic diagram of the execution flow of the first carbon emission sub-model (demolition and recycling stage) provided in this application embodiment. This sub-model is used to perform the following steps: Step 501: Obtain the first engineering parameters for the demolition and recycling phase; wherein, the first engineering parameters include the total amount of recycled materials, the number of demolition machine shifts, and the short-haul transportation distance; Step 502: Based on the first engineering parameters, call the carbon emission factor database to match carbon emission factors and determine the first target emission factor; wherein, the first target emission factor includes: carbon emission factor of fuel consumption per shift of dismantling machinery, carbon emission factor of truck unit transportation distance and carbon emission factor of production of an equivalent amount of new materials; Step 503: Calculate the first carbon emissions of the dismantling and recycling phase based on the first target emission factor, and store the first carbon emissions in the project carbon emission database.

[0043] In one embodiment, the first carbon emissions of the dismantling and recycling phase in step 503 are calculated using the following formula: , j) ; in, Carbon emissions during the dismantling and recycling phase (kgCO2e). Let i be the number of demolition machinery shifts (shifts) of type i. The carbon emission factor of the fuel consumption per shift for the i-th type of dismantling machinery (kgCO2e / shift). This represents the total amount of recycled materials (tons). Rated load capacity (tons / vehicle) for transport vehicles. For short-haul transportation distance (km) The carbon emission factor per unit distance for trucks is kgCO2e / (t·km); The carbon emission factor (kgCO2e / t) for the production of an equivalent amount of new materials. λ represents the carbon substitution potential coefficient of the j-th type of solid waste. The higher the quality (the closer λ is to 1), the more significant the carbon emission reduction benefits of replacing new materials. The lower the quality, the corresponding reduction in benefits, which is more in line with engineering practice. i is the index of demolition machinery type, and j is the index of solid waste type.

[0044] Optionally, the demolition machinery includes at least one of the following: cold milling machine, hydraulic excavator, mobile hydraulic shear, cutter, bulldozer, and loader.

[0045] Optionally, the first target emission factor can be retrieved from the industry standard quota database of "Road Engineering Machinery Shift Cost Quota" or a preset local database of machinery carbon emission factors.

[0046] Based on this scheme, the carbon emissions during the dismantling and recycling phase are calculated using the above formula. This allows for a comprehensive consideration of the carbon emission reduction benefits of dismantling machinery fuel consumption, short-haul transportation, and solid waste resource utilization, thus accurately reflecting the net carbon emissions during the dismantling and recycling phase.

[0047] Example 5: As shown in Figure 5, this is a schematic diagram of the execution flow of the second carbon emission sub-model (solid waste recycling stage) provided in this application embodiment. This sub-model is used to perform the following steps: Step 601: Obtain the second engineering parameters for the solid waste recycling and processing stage; wherein, the second engineering parameters include: recycled material processing volume, equipment working time, recycled material transportation volume and transportation distance, and recycled additive usage. Step 602: Based on the second engineering parameters, call the carbon emission factor database to match carbon emission factors and determine the second target emission factor; wherein, the second target emission factor includes: regional power grid carbon emission factor, transportation mode carbon emission factor, and recycled additive production carbon emission factor; Step 603: Calculate the second carbon emissions during the solid waste recycling and processing stage based on the second target emission factor, and store the second carbon emissions in the project carbon emission database.

[0048] In one embodiment, the second carbon emissions of the solid waste recycling stage in step 603 are calculated using the following formula: ; in, This represents the carbon emissions (kgCO2e) during the solid waste recycling and processing stage. The equipment operating time (h) The carbon emission factor of the regional power grid (kgCO2e / kWh). Ltrans represents the volume of recycled materials transported (tons), and Ltrans represents the transport distance (km). Carbon emission factor for transportation mode (kgCO2e / (t·km)) For the first Dosage of similar recycled additives (tons). For the first Carbon emission factor (kgCO2e / t) for the production of recycling additives. Pprocess is the rated power of the processing equipment. In practice, the quality grade of solid waste will affect the selection of the recycling process route: Grade A solid waste can be matched with high-value recycling processes (such as plant-mixed hot recycling), Grade B solid waste can be matched with medium-value processes (such as plant-mixed cold recycling), and Grade C solid waste can be matched with low-value processes (such as direct use as filler). Different processes correspond to different processing energy consumption and additive dosage.

[0049] Optionally, the regional power grid carbon emission factor is automatically determined based on the latest average emission factor of the provincial or regional power grid where the project is located, and the processor retrieves the regional power grid carbon emission factor from the regional power grid carbon emission factor database.

[0050] Optionally, the process types for the solid waste recycling stage include at least one of the following: plant-mixed hot recycling process, on-site cold recycling process, and recycled aggregate crushing and screening process.

[0051] Based on this scheme, the carbon emissions of the solid waste recycling and processing stage are calculated using the above formula. This allows for a comprehensive consideration of carbon emissions from electricity consumption, material transportation, and the use of recycling additives, thus accurately reflecting the carbon emission level of the solid waste recycling and processing stage.

[0052] Example 6: As shown in Figure 6, this is a schematic diagram of the execution flow of the third carbon emission sub-model (on-site construction stage) provided in this application embodiment. This sub-model is used to perform the following steps: Step 701: Obtain the third engineering parameters for the on-site construction phase; the third engineering parameters include: number of construction machinery shifts, construction machinery type identification, and construction period; Step 702: Based on the third engineering parameters, call the carbon emission factor database to match carbon emission factors and determine the third target emission factor; wherein, the third target emission factor is the carbon emission factor of construction machinery shift fuel consumption. Step 703: Calculate the third carbon emissions during the on-site construction phase based on the third target emission factor, and store the third carbon emissions in the project carbon emission database.

[0053] In one embodiment, the calculation of the third carbon emissions during the on-site construction phase in step 703 uses the following formula: ; in, This represents the carbon emissions during the on-site construction phase (kgCO2e). For the first Number of shifts for this type of construction machinery (shifts) For the first Carbon emission factor of fuel consumption per shift for construction machinery (kgCO2e / shift).

[0054] Optionally, the types of construction machinery include at least one of asphalt pavers, road rollers, graders, concrete mixer trucks, excavators, and loaders.

[0055] Optionally, the number of construction machinery shifts can be automatically obtained by the processor in the following ways: reading the machine working time data from the construction machinery IoT terminal; or reading the shift records from the machine ledger database of the construction management system; or deducing the number of machine shifts from the sensor data of the fuel consumption monitoring system.

[0056] Based on this scheme, the carbon emissions during the on-site construction phase are calculated using the above formula, which can accurately quantify the carbon emissions from fuel consumption of various construction machinery, thus providing data support for the low-carbon selection of construction machinery.

[0057] Example 7: As shown in Figure 7, this is a schematic diagram of the execution flow of the fourth carbon emission sub-model (construction and operation phase) provided in this application embodiment. This sub-model is used to perform the following steps: Step 801: Obtain the fourth engineering parameters for the construction and operation phase; the fourth engineering parameters include: length of the affected area, average daily traffic volume per year, vehicle type ratio, construction period, detour ratio, and additional detour distance; Step 802: Based on the fourth engineering parameters, call the carbon emission factor database to perform carbon emission factor matching and determine the fourth target emission factor; wherein, the fourth target emission factor includes: the emission factor difference between the vehicle's construction speed and the reference speed and the emission factor of the vehicle on the detour path; Step 803: Calculate the fourth carbon emissions during the construction and operation phase based on the fourth target emission factor, and store the fourth carbon emissions in the project carbon emission database.

[0058] In one embodiment, the fourth carbon emission sub-model includes a first carbon emission layer and a second carbon emission layer; wherein, the first carbon emission layer calculates daily additional carbon emissions from queuing based on daily queuing vehicle data; the second carbon emission layer calculates daily additional carbon emissions from detours based on daily detour vehicle data; and the fourth carbon emission amount is the cumulative value of daily additional carbon emissions from queuing and daily additional carbon emissions from detours during the construction period. In this application, the length of the affected area is obtained through simulation using the macro-level traffic simulation software VISUM. A traffic model of the construction area is established using the macro-level traffic simulation software VISUM, and the length of the affected area is directly output through simulation. During the simulation, the length of the construction area, lane closure scheme, speed limit, and traffic volume composition data from the design file need to be input. Finally, based on the simulation results, the length of the affected area is output, which refers to the length of the road segment where vehicle traffic efficiency decreases and queuing congestion occurs due to highway reconstruction and expansion construction.

[0059] In an optional embodiment, the length of the affected area can also be calculated based on the LWR model, taking into account the capacity reduction at the bottleneck in the construction area and the upstream vehicle arrival rate, to determine the maximum queue length. The LWR model is a macroscopic continuous medium model in traffic flow theory, and its specific formula is as follows: ; in, The upstream vehicle arrival rate (vehicles / s). T represents the actual traffic capacity of the construction area (vehicles / s), and T represents the peak duration of construction (s). Congestion density (vehicles / km). This represents the upstream flow density (vehicles / km). These parameters can be obtained in real-time from traffic detectors or calibrated based on historical statistical data. The subscript indicates the impact; "sub" is used to distinguish different physical quantities. "Out" represents the output flow rate, the actual number of vehicles allowed to pass. "Jam" represents the congestion density, the number of vehicles per unit length of road when all vehicles are completely stopped. "In" represents the input flow rate to the construction zone, the number of vehicles arriving at the construction zone per unit time.

[0060] In another embodiment, the fourth carbon emission during the construction and operation phase is calculated in step S803 using the following formula: Additional carbon emissions from daily queuing: ; Additional carbon emissions from daily detours: ; Carbon emissions during the construction and operation phases: ; in, Carbon emissions during the construction and operation phases (kgCO2e). The length of the affected area (km); The average daily traffic volume per year (vehicles / day); For the first Vehicle type ratio; For the first The difference in emission factor (gCO2e / km) between the construction speed and the reference speed of the vehicle type. For the first Detour ratio for vehicle type, Δ For the first Additional detour distance (km) for this type of vehicle For the first Emission factor (gCO2e / km) of vehicle type on the detour route. Construction period (days) Additional carbon emissions per day (kgCO2e / d); Additional carbon emissions per day (kgCO2e / d).

[0061] Optionally, the annual average daily traffic volume is automatically obtained by the processor through the following methods: real-time reading of traffic flow data from traffic flow monitoring sensors; or obtaining historical traffic volume data from the traffic statistics database interface of the traffic management department; or obtaining real-time traffic conditions and traffic flow estimation data from the data interface of the navigation platform.

[0062] Optionally, the m-th type of vehicle includes at least passenger cars and heavy trucks. The processor distinguishes the detour behavior differences between passenger cars and trucks and performs differentiated accounting. The detour ratio of passenger cars and the detour ratio of trucks are stored in a preset vehicle type-detour behavior mapping database.

[0063] Based on this scheme, the carbon emissions during the construction and operation phase are calculated using the above formula, which can quantify the additional carbon emissions generated by traffic congestion and vehicle detours during the construction phase, thus filling the gap in the existing technology for this phase of calculation.

[0064] Example 8: The carbon substitution potential coefficient is based on the physical and mechanical properties of solid waste materials, including: The physical and mechanical properties of old asphalt mixtures include the degree of asphalt aging, moisture content, soil content, and old asphalt content. The physical and mechanical properties of old cement concrete include strength grade, crushing index, steel content, and impurity content; The physical and mechanical properties of scrap steel include the degree of corrosion, the identifiability of the material grade, and the size specifications; The physical and mechanical properties of excavated soil include moisture content, plasticity index, organic matter content, and natural gradation.

[0065] In one embodiment of this application, various types of recycled solid waste are subjected to quality testing and evaluation, classified into different grades according to their physical and mechanical performance indicators, and assigned corresponding carbon substitution potential coefficients λ (0<λ≤1) to provide dynamic input parameters for the accurate calculation of subsequent sub-models.

[0066] Specifically, this application establishes a multi-source solid waste quality evaluation index system. Old asphalt mixture (RAP): Evaluation indicators include asphalt aging degree (penetration ratio, ductility ratio), moisture content, soil content, and old asphalt content.

[0067] Old cement concrete (RCC): Evaluation indicators include strength grade, crushing index, steel content, and impurity content; Scrap steel (WS): Evaluation indicators include degree of rust, material grade identifiability, and size specifications; Earthwork excavation (ET): Evaluation indicators include moisture content, plasticity index, organic matter content, and natural gradation. A mapping table for carbon substitution potential classification and resource recovery pathways is constructed: Based on the test results of the above quality indicators, each type of solid waste is divided into three levels: A, B, and C. A preset range of values ​​for the carbon substitution potential coefficient λ is defined for each level, as shown in the table below: Table 1 Mapping Table of Multi-Source Solid Waste Quality Classification and Carbon Substitution Potential Coefficient The carbon substitution potential coefficient λ is determined according to the following rules: when the solid waste quality index is within a certain grade range, λ is taken as the median value of that grade range; if more precise calculation is required, it can be determined by linear interpolation within the range based on the relative superiority or inferiority of the quality index within that grade. For example, for old asphalt mixtures, if the soil content is 1% (within the A grade range), λ is taken as 0.92; if the soil content is 2.5%, λ is taken as 0.88.

[0068] In a specific embodiment, in actual calculations, the specific value of the carbon substitution potential coefficient λ is determined by linear interpolation based on the key quality indicators of solid waste materials. For reclaimed asphalt mixtures (RAP), soil content (ω, unit: %) is used as the core grading indicator, and its carbon substitution potential coefficient... The calculation model is as follows: When ω ≤ 3% (Grade A), = 1.0 - (ω / 30); When 3% < ω ≤ 7% (Grade B), = 0.8 - (ω - 3) × 0.075; When ω > 7% (Grade C) = 0.5 - min((ω - 7) × 0.05, 0.3), and ≥0.2.

[0069] For old cement concrete (RCC), based on compressive strength grade (Unit: MPa) is used as the core classification indicator, and its carbon substitution potential coefficient The calculation model is as follows: when ≥ 30 (Grade A) = 0.8 + ( - 30) × 0.02 / 10, with a maximum value of 1.0; When 20 ≤ < 30 hours (Level B) = 0.5 + ( - 20) × 0.03 / 10; when < 20:00 (Level C) = 0.2 + ( / 20) × 0.3.

[0070] For scrap steel (WS), the degree of corrosion (δ, unit: %, i.e., cross-sectional loss rate) is used as the core grading indicator. = 1.0 - δ / 10, and 0.3 ≤ ≤ 1.0.

[0071] For excavated earthwork (ET), moisture content (w, unit: %) is used as the core classification index. When w is at the optimum moisture content... Within ±2% = 1.0; when deviating from this range, = 1.0 - |w - | / 20, and not less than 0.2. The optimal moisture content. The plastic limit index is determined based on empirical values ​​or standard compaction test results of the soil.

[0072] Example 9: As shown in Figure 8, this is a schematic diagram of a carbon emission accounting device for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards multi-source solid waste resource utilization, provided in an embodiment of this application. The device includes: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire engineering parameters for highway reconstruction and expansion projects and determine the accounting stages; the accounting stages include: demolition and recycling stage, solid waste recycling and processing stage, on-site construction stage, and construction period operation stage; The model building module is used to build a dynamic carbon emission accounting model based on the accounting stage; The carbon emission calculation module is used to determine the type of solid waste material in each accounting stage based on the dynamic carbon emission accounting model, and to match the preset treatment process and core machinery database to calculate the carbon emission amount in each accounting stage. The carbon emission amount is determined by the number of machine shifts or equipment working time in each accounting stage and the corresponding carbon emission factor.

[0073] In one embodiment, such as Figure 9 As shown, the carbon emission calculation module includes: The material identification submodule is used to obtain the engineering material list for each accounting stage, match the engineering material list with the preset material classification rule library, and determine the solid waste material type for each accounting stage. The process matching submodule is used to determine the solid waste type code based on the type of solid waste material, and then query the preset solid waste-process mapping table based on the solid waste type code to determine the target process and target core recycling machinery. The carbon emission factor retrieval submodule is used to call the carbon emission factor database to match carbon emission factors and determine the target emission factor; The carbon emission calculation submodule is used to calculate the carbon emissions at each accounting stage based on the target emission factor and store the carbon emissions in the project carbon emission database.

[0074] Optionally, the device also includes a data storage module for storing data in the project carbon emission database, material classification rule library, solid waste-process mapping table, and carbon emission factor database.

[0075] Optionally, the device further includes a report generation module for generating a detailed carbon emission report containing carbon emissions and sub-contributions for each accounting stage, and outputting it to a display terminal.

[0076] Based on this scheme, a modular device design is adopted, which enables the independent development and flexible combination of each functional module, thereby improving the maintainability and scalability of the system.

[0077] Example 10: As shown in Figure 10, this is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a computing device provided in this application embodiment. This computing device is used to execute the above-mentioned carbon emission accounting method for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards multi-source solid waste resource utilization. The computing device includes: The processor 101 is used to execute computer program instructions stored in the memory to implement the steps of the carbon emission accounting method described above. The memory 102 is used to store computer program instructions, engineering parameter data, carbon emission factor database, material classification rule base, and solid waste-process mapping table; Communication interface 103 is used for data communication with the engineering management system, BIM model database, traffic flow monitoring sensors, and navigation platform data interface; Display terminal 104 is used to display carbon emission accounting results and carbon emission detailed reports; Bus 105 is used to connect processor 101, memory 102, communication interface 103 and display terminal 104 to realize data transmission between the components.

[0078] In one embodiment, the processor 101 is a central processing unit (CPU) or a graphics processing unit (GPU).

[0079] Optionally, the memory 102 includes random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM), wherein RAM is used to store runtime calculation variables and temporary data, and ROM is used to store fixed program instructions and configuration parameters.

[0080] Optionally, the communication interface 103 includes at least one of an Ethernet interface, a Wi-Fi interface, and a 4G / 5G mobile communication interface.

[0081] In another embodiment, the computing device is a server cluster, in which the servers are connected via a local area network, and processor instructions and functions are executed in a distributed manner on each server node.

[0082] Based on this solution, the aforementioned hardware structure can support the efficient execution of carbon emission accounting methods, thus meeting the carbon emission accounting needs of large-scale highway reconstruction and expansion projects.

[0083] In one application scenario, this invention is applied to carbon emission accounting for highway reconstruction and expansion projects. The participants in this scenario include: the project owner, design institute, construction unit, and the carbon emission accounting system. The data flow is as follows: the design institute provides the BIM model and bill of quantities → the carbon emission accounting system automatically identifies the type of solid waste materials and matches them with the process and machinery → the carbon emission accounting system calls the carbon emission factor database to calculate the carbon emissions at each stage → the carbon emission accounting system generates a detailed carbon emission report and outputs it to the project owner and construction unit. Based on this scenario, the method of this invention can achieve accurate carbon emission accounting throughout the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion projects, thus providing data support for low-carbon decision-making in projects.

[0084] In another application scenario, this invention is applied to carbon emission accounting for the reconstruction and expansion projects of national and provincial trunk highways. The main difference between this scenario and the highway scenario is that the traffic volume data comes from the statistical database of the traffic management department rather than traffic flow monitoring sensors, and the carbon emission factor adopts the provincial highway engineering machinery quota standard rather than the industry standard quota. Based on this scenario, the method of this invention can adapt to the carbon emission accounting needs of reconstruction and expansion projects of different levels of highways, thus improving the applicability of the method.

[0085] In one possible implementation, this invention is applied to carbon emission accounting for urban road reconstruction and expansion projects. The unique aspect of this scenario lies in the greater complexity of traffic organization during the construction and operation phases. Detour ratios and additional detour distances need to be estimated in conjunction with the urban road network structure, and the processor calls upon the urban road network database and navigation platform data interfaces to perform detour path analysis. Based on this scenario, the method of this invention can accurately quantify the traffic carbon emission impact during the construction phase of urban road reconstruction and expansion, thus providing a reference for optimizing urban traffic organization.

[0086] In summary, the carbon emission accounting method for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste provided by the embodiments of the present invention has the following technical effects: First, it achieves integrated carbon emission accounting throughout the entire process. This invention constructs a dynamic carbon emission accounting model covering four stages: demolition and recycling, solid waste recycling and processing, on-site construction, and operation during the construction period. This enables integrated carbon emission accounting for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion projects. In particular, it incorporates the additional carbon emissions generated by traffic congestion and vehicle detours during the operation phase into the accounting boundary (calculated separately through the first and second carbon emission layers of the fourth carbon emission sub-model), filling the accounting gap in this stage in existing technologies.

[0087] Second, it improves the efficiency of solid waste material identification and process matching. This invention achieves automatic identification of solid waste material types and automatic matching of treatment processes and core machinery through a pre-set material classification rule base and solid waste-process mapping table. Compared to existing technologies that rely on manual judgment, this invention significantly improves the efficiency of solid waste material identification and process matching, and also significantly enhances accounting consistency.

[0088] Third, it achieves dynamic matching of carbon emission factors. This invention utilizes a pre-set carbon emission factor database to automatically retrieve the corresponding carbon emission factors based on machinery type, process type, and project conditions. Compared to existing technologies that use fixed carbon emission factors, this invention significantly improves calculation accuracy.

[0089] Fourth, the machine-side execution process is clearly defined, enhancing feasibility. This invention clarifies the various machine-side operations performed by the processor, including reading the engineering BIM model or design file database through a data acquisition interface, querying preset solid waste-process mapping databases and process-machinery mapping databases, calling preset machinery carbon emission factor databases, storing the calculation results in the project carbon emission database, and generating a detailed carbon emission report which is then output to the display terminal. The clarification of these machine-side execution features makes the technical solution of this invention clearly feasible and enhances the ability to determine infringement.

[0090] Fifth, this invention supports the quantification of carbon emissions from the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste. For multi-source solid waste materials such as used asphalt mixtures, used cement concrete, scrap steel, and excavated earth, this invention pre-sets corresponding treatment processes and core recycling machinery, and quantifies the carbon emissions during the resource utilization process of each type of solid waste through a carbon emission sub-model. Compared to existing methods that only focus on a single material type, this invention can more comprehensively support the quantitative assessment of carbon emissions from the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste in highway reconstruction and expansion projects.

[0091] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to depart from the protection scope of the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application.

[0092] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0093] It should be noted that the formulas, parameters, database structures, etc., in the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples and can be adjusted according to specific project conditions in actual applications. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements to the above embodiments without departing from the essence of the technical solution of this invention, and all such modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A carbon emission accounting method for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste, characterized in that, include: Obtain engineering parameters for highway reconstruction and expansion projects to determine the accounting stages; the accounting stages include: demolition and recycling stage, solid waste recycling and processing stage, on-site construction stage, and construction period operation stage; Based on the accounting stage, the carbon substitution potential coefficient of solid waste materials is determined, and the carbon substitution potential coefficient is based on the physical and mechanical properties of solid waste materials. Based on the accounting stage and carbon substitution potential coefficient, a dynamic carbon emission accounting model is constructed. Based on the dynamic carbon emission accounting model, the type of solid waste material in each accounting stage is determined, and the preset treatment process and core machinery database are matched to calculate the carbon emission of each accounting stage. The carbon emission is determined by the number of machine shifts or equipment working time and the corresponding carbon emission factor in each accounting stage.

2. The carbon emission accounting method for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic carbon emission accounting model includes a carbon emission sub-model; wherein... The carbon emission sub-models include the first carbon emission sub-model for the demolition and recycling phase, the second carbon emission sub-model for the solid waste recycling and processing phase, the third carbon emission sub-model for the on-site construction phase, and the fourth carbon emission sub-model for the construction and operation phase.

3. The carbon emission accounting method for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The fourth carbon emission sub-model includes a first carbon emission layer and a second carbon emission layer; wherein... The first carbon emission tier is based on daily queue vehicle data to calculate additional carbon emissions from daily queues. The second carbon emission layer is based on daily detour vehicle data to calculate additional daily detour carbon emissions; The fourth carbon emission is the cumulative value of daily additional carbon emissions from queuing and daily additional carbon emissions from detouring during the construction period.

4. The carbon emission accounting method for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first carbon emission sub-model is used for: Obtain the first engineering parameters for the demolition and recycling phase; these parameters include the total amount of recycled materials, the number of demolition machine shifts, and the short-haul transportation distance. Based on the first engineering parameters, the carbon emission factor database is called to match carbon emission factors and determine the first target emission factor; the first target emission factor includes: carbon emission factor of fuel consumption per shift of dismantling machinery, carbon emission factor of truck unit transportation distance, and carbon emission factor of production of an equivalent amount of new materials; Based on the first target emission factor, the first carbon emission during the dismantling and recycling phase is calculated and stored in the project's carbon emission database. When calculating the first carbon emission, the carbon emission reduction benefits of replacing new materials with solid waste are reduced according to the carbon substitution potential coefficient.

5. The carbon emission accounting method for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The second carbon emission sub-model is used for: Obtain the second engineering parameters for the solid waste recycling and processing stage; wherein the second engineering parameters include: the amount of recycled material processed, the equipment working time, the amount of recycled material, the transportation distance, and the amount of recycling additives used; Based on the second project parameters, the carbon emission factor database is called to match carbon emission factors and determine the second target emission factors; among which, the second target emission factors include: regional power grid carbon emission factors, transportation mode carbon emission factors, and recycled additive production carbon emission factors; Based on the second target emission factor, calculate the second carbon emissions during the solid waste recycling and processing stage, and store the second carbon emissions in the project's carbon emission database.

6. The carbon emission accounting method for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The third carbon emission sub-model is used for: Obtain the third engineering parameters for the on-site construction phase; these parameters include: number of construction machinery shifts, construction machinery type identification, and construction period. Based on the third project parameters, the carbon emission factor database is called to match carbon emission factors and determine the third target emission factor; among which, the third target emission factor is the carbon emission factor of construction machinery shift fuel consumption. Based on the third target emission factor, calculate the third carbon emissions during the on-site construction phase and store the third carbon emissions in the project carbon emission database.

7. The carbon emission accounting method for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The fourth carbon emission sub-model is used for: Obtain the fourth engineering parameters for the construction and operation phases; these parameters include: length of the affected area, average daily traffic volume, vehicle type ratio, construction period, detour ratio, and additional detour distance. Based on the fourth engineering parameters, the carbon emission factor database is called to match carbon emission factors and determine the fourth target emission factor; the fourth target emission factor includes: the difference in emission factor between the vehicle's construction speed and the reference speed and the emission factor of the vehicle on the detour route; Based on the fourth target emission factor, calculate the fourth carbon emissions during the construction and operation phases, and store the fourth carbon emissions in the project's carbon emission database.

8. The carbon emission accounting method for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic carbon emission accounting model is also used for: Obtain the engineering material list for each accounting stage; The engineering materials list is matched with the preset material classification rule library to determine the solid waste material type for each accounting stage. The solid waste material type includes at least one of the following: old asphalt mixture, old cement concrete, scrap steel, and excavated earthwork.

9. The carbon emission accounting method for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The matching preset processing technology and core mechanical database includes: Determine the solid waste type code based on the type of solid waste material in each accounting stage; Based on the solid waste type code, the target process and target core recycling machinery are determined in the pre-set solid waste-process mapping table; among them, The target process for recycled asphalt mixtures is layered cold milling, and the core recycling machinery is a cold milling machine. The target process for old cement concrete is hydraulic crushing and excavation, and the core recycling machinery is a hydraulic excavator. The target process for scrap steel is cutting and slitting, and the core recycling machinery is a mobile hydraulic shearing machine or cutting machine. The target process for excavating earthwork is layered excavation plus screening, and the target core recycling machinery is bulldozers, excavators, or loaders.

10. The carbon emission accounting method for the entire process of highway reconstruction and expansion oriented towards the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon substitution potential coefficient is based on the physical and mechanical properties of solid waste materials, including: The physical and mechanical properties of old asphalt mixtures include the degree of asphalt aging, moisture content, soil content, and old asphalt content. The physical and mechanical properties of old cement concrete include strength grade, crushing index, steel content, and impurity content; The physical and mechanical properties of scrap steel include the degree of corrosion, the identifiability of the material grade, and the size specifications; The physical and mechanical properties of excavated soil include moisture content, plasticity index, organic matter content, and natural gradation.

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